DOCSLIB.ORG

(Coloradia Pandora) on the Kaibab National Forest & Armillaria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Coloradia Pandora) on the Kaibab National Forest & Armillaria MONITORING PANDORA MOTH (COLORADIA PANDORA) ON THE KAIBAB NATIONAL FOREST & ARMILLARIA ROOT DISEASE DISTRIBUTION IN NORTHERN ARIZONA BY: Christian Hoffman A PROFESSIONAL PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF FORESTRY NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY June 2013 Committee: Richard W. Hofstetter, Ph. D. , Chair Robert L. Mathiasen, Ph. D. Ryan P. Hanavan, Ph. D. a 1 Professional Paper Abstract 2 3 Pandora moth, Coloradia pandora Blake 1863 (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae), is the largest 4 member of the Coloradia genus in the United States and one of the few that is recognized as a 5 pest. Outbreaks of C. pandora occur in 20 to 30 year intervals lasting 6 to 8 years. Large areas of 6 western coniferous pine forests are defoliated during outbreaks, however, defoliation rarely leads 7 to tree mortality due to the moth’s two year life cycle; however, defoliation can reduce the trees 8 defenses allowing them to succumb to other agents. I monitored pandora moth population 9 density, developed new monitoring techniques, and examined natural enemy populations, on the 10 Kaibab National Forest, Arizona. My monitoring results from 2010 to 2012 demonstrated that 11 the pandora moth population was distributed over several thousand hectares but larval densities 12 were low relative to previous outbreak densities in the 1980’s and no significant defoliation had 13 occurred. Because the population density was lower than previously monitored outbreak 14 populations, new techniques were needed to monitor larvae densities and defoliation; rather than 15 using single tree sampling, multiple small trees were examined for larval presence and 16 defoliation levels. Average larval density per tree was 0.5 (± 0.8) with the greatest number of 17 larvae per tree at 4. Larval density per location did not exceed 60 larvae per ~0.4 ha plots. 18 Defoliation was less than 1% with an average of 8 needles defoliated per tree. Mortality of late 19 instar larvae from parasitoid and NPV infection was 1% and 1%, respectively. Parasitization 20 rates of pupae were 2%. Other mortality factors such as climate, vertebrate predation rates, egg 21 and early instar predation and parasitization rates were not monitored. i 1 A second project I conducted examined the distribution and identification of Armillaria 2 root disease in northern Arizona. Armillaria root disease was sampled on two national forests in 3 northern Arizona utilizing USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis permanent plots. 4 Samples of Armillaria were identified using DNA sequences and were determined to consist of a 5 single species, Armillaria ostoyae (Romagnes) Herink. Armillaria root disease was more 6 commonly found in mixed conifer and subalpine forests and was rare in ponderosa pine forests, 7 which was consistent with previous studies conducted in the Southwest. ii 1 Acknowledgements 2 I am eternally grateful to Dr. Richard Hofstetter for his guidance, patience, and support 3 throughout my graduate studies and regarding this project. I thank my committee members Dr. 4 Robert Mathiasen and Dr. Ryan Hanavan for their input, assistance and review of my research 5 and professional paper. I thank Mary Lou Fairweather (USFS) and Ned Klopfenstien (USFS) for 6 all their help with the Armillaria project. I express thanks to the US Forest Service Forest Health 7 Monitoring Evaluation Monitoring program and the McIntire-Stennis Mission Research 8 Program, School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University for funding this research, and thank 9 the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff for laboratory space. I appreciate that Ron 10 Sieg (Arizona Game and Fish) permitted me to use the Arizona Game and Fish Cabin for 11 summer housing. I also thank Gary Domis (Kaibab National Forest) for his assistance locating 12 plots and trap sites. 13 iii 1 Table of Contents 2 Paper Abstract i 3 Acknowledgments iii 4 List of Tables and Figures vi 5 Preface x 6 Paper Introduction 1 7 Chapter I: A review of pandora moth biology and impacts 8 Introduction 4 9 Life History/ Description/ Behavior 9 10 Defoliation 14 11 Pandora moth on the North Kaibab15 12 References 17 13 List of Tables and Figures 20 14 Chapter II: Monitoring pandora moth (Coloradia pandora davisi, Lepidoptera: 15 Saturniidae) in Arizona: 2010 to 2012 16 Introduction 29 17 Methods 31 18 Results 33 19 Discussion 36 iv 1 Future Work 38 2 References 39 3 List of Tables and Figures 41 4 Chapter III: Armillaria Root Disease in Northern Arizona 5 Introduction 54 6 Methods 57 7 Results 59 8 Discussion 62 9 References 67 10 List of Tables and Figures 70 11 Paper Conclusions 78 12 v 1 List of Tables and Figures 2 Chapter I 3 Figure 1.1. Coloradia species 1. C. doris 2. C. doris 3. C. velda 4. C. pandora 19 4 pandora 5. C. pandora davisi 6. C. pandora pandora 7. C. doris 5 8. C. doris 9. C. velda 10. C. pandora pandora 11. C. pandora davisi 6 12. C. pandora pandora 13. C. luski 14. C. luski 15 C. luski 16. C. 7 luski 17. C. velda 18. C. doris. The red box highlights male and 8 female C. p. pandora and C. p. davisi (males have plumose antennae) 9 (adapted from Tuskes 1996). 10 Figure 1.2. Pandora moth distribution adapted from Tuskes et al. (1996) for 20 11 pandora moth species; Coloradia pandora pandora is shown as light 12 grey and Coloradia pandora davisi is shown as black. 13 Figure 1.3. Pandora moth eggs collected on the North Kaibab RD. Eggs are 2. 5 21 14 mm long by 2. 0 mm in width; flattened on upper 15 and lower surfaces. Pictures taken by C. Hoffman (left) and R. P. 16 Hanavan (right) North Kaibab RD August, 2010. 17 Figure 1.4. Newly emerged 1st instar pandora moth larvae. Picture taken by R. P. 22 18 Hanavan 2010. 19 Figure 1.5. Pandora moth larvae (second instar) feeding gregariously on ponderosa 23 20 pine needles in the laboratory. Picture taken by R. P. Hanavan 2010. 21 Figure 1.6. Pandora moth third, fourth, and fifth instar larvae. Pictures of third & 24 22 fourth instar larvae taken by C. Hoffman 2011; fifth instar image 23 from USDA Forest Service Archive, USDA Forest Service Bugwood. org. vi 1 Figure 1.7a. A) Pandora moth larvae (5th instar) preparing to pupate, B) Final 25 2 molt from 5th instar larvae, and C) fresh pandora moth pupa. Picture 3 by Nick Aflitto 2012. 4 Figure 1.8. Extent of moderate and severe defoliation by pandora moth on the 26 5 Kaibab National Forest from 1979 to 1983. Adapted from Schmid 6 and Bennett (1988). 7 Chapter II 8 Figure 2.1. Pandora moth distribution adapted from Tuskes et al. (1996) for 40 9 pandora moth species. 10 Figure 2.2. Moderate to severe defoliation by pandora moth on the North Kaibab 41 11 RD from 1979 to1983. Adapted from Schmid and Bennett (1988). 12 Figure 2.3. Ponderosa pine range on the Kaibab National Forest. 42 13 Figure 2.4. Pandora moth larvae plot locations sampled in 2011 on the North Kaibab 43 14 RD. 136 plots were sampled. 15 Figure 2.5. Location of light traps set up near Jacob Lake, AZ in 2010, 2011, 44 16 and 2012. 17 Figure 2.6. Pupal parasite trap pair locations on North Kaibab RD. One set of 45 18 200 pupae from 20 locations was collected in May 2011 and the 19 remaining set of 200 pupae was collected in October 2011. 20 Figure 2.7. Pandora moth larvae plots sampled on the North Kaibab RD in 46 21 2011 shown in relation to the maximum extent from 1979 - 1983 22 outbreak. Plot color depicts the quartile abundance of larvae collected. vii 1 Figure 2.8. Prediction surface produced for 2011 North Kaibab RD pandora moth 47 2 larval density distribution using ARCIS 10. 1 geostatistical analyst 3 universal kriging (regression function (0.36 * x + 2.13)) using larval 4 density data points. 5 6 Figure 2. 8b. Frequency distribution of larval plot data relating to the number of 48 7 larvae per plot and number of needles eaten. 8 Figure 2.9a. Average daily captures of adult moths at three light traps for 2010, 49 9 2011, and 2012. North Kaibab RD. A total of 24,254 moths were 10 captured in2010, 156 moths were captured in 2011, and 8,006 moths 11 were captured in 2012. For each year, the first adult was captured on: 12 21 July 2010, 16 August 2011, and 14 July 2012. 13 14 Figure 2.9b. The percentage of females in the 2010 and 2012 pandora moths 50 15 captured in light traps in the North Kaibab RD. Red dash lines 16 are predicted values used to complete curves. 17 18 Figure 2.10. Average daily adult moth captures in light trap for 2012, Tusayan 51 19 Ranger District, Kaibab National Forest. A total of 1,218 moths were 20 captured. The first adult was captured on 11 August 2012. 21 22 Chapter III 23 Table 3.1. Species of Armillaria found in North America (Volk 2013). 69 24 Table 3.2. Number of plots sampled by habitat type on the Flagstaff 70 25 Ranger District, Coconino National Forest and the North Kaibab and 26 Williams Ranger Districts, Kaibab National Forest. 27 Table 3.3. Composition of plots by climate characterization associated 71 viii 1 with each habitat type as well as the proportion of plots identified as 2 containing Armillaria infection. 3 Table 3.4 a,b,c. The number of trees sampled, number of trees found with 72 4 Armillaria root disease, and the number of Armillaria samples 5 collected by habitat type on Flagstaff Ranger District, Coconino 6 National Forest and the North Kaibab and Williams Ranger Districts, 7 Kaibab National Forest.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Biology and Distribution of California Hemileucinae (Saturniidae)
    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 38(4), 1984,281-309 THE BIOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CALIFORNIA HEMILEUCINAE (SATURNIIDAE) PAUL M. TUSKES 7900 Cambridge 141G, Houston, Texas 77054 ABSTRACT. The distribution, biology, and larval host plants for the 14 species and subspecies of California Hemileucinae are discussed in detail. In addition, the immature stages of Hemileuca neumogeni and Coloradia velda are described for the first time. The relationships among the Hemileuca are examined with respect to six species groups, based on adult and larval characters, host plant relationships and pheromone interactions. The tricolor, eglanterina, and nevadensis groups are more distinctive than the electra, burnsi, or diana groups, but all are closely related. Species groups are used to exemplify evolutionary trends within this large but cohesive genus. The saturniid fauna of the western United States is dominated by moths of the tribe Hemileucinae. Three genera in this tribe commonly occur north of Mexico: Hemileuca, Coloradia, and Automeris. Al­ though no Automeris are native to California about 50% of the Hemi­ leuca and Coloradia species in the United States occur in the state. The absence of Automeris and other species from California is due to the state's effective isolation from southern Arizona and mainland Mex­ ico by harsh mountains, deserts, the Gulf of California, and climatic differences. The Hemileuca of northern Arizona, Nevada, and Utah are very similar to that of California, while those of Oregon, Washing­ ton, and Idaho represent subsets of the northern California fauna. The majority of the saturniid species in the United States have had little or no impact on man, but some Hemileucinae have been of eco­ nomic importance.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection of Pandora Moth (Coloradia Pandora Blake) Eggs from Consumption by Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Lateralis Say)
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Elizabeth Ann Gerson for the degree of Master of Science in Forest Science presented on 10 January, 1995. Title: Protection of Pandora Moth (Coloradia pandora Blake) Eggs From Consumption by Golden-mantled Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis Say) Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy William C. McComb Endemic populations of pandora moths (Coloradia pandora Blake), a defoliator of western pine forests, proliferated to epidemic levels in central Oregon in 1986 and increased dramatically through 1994. Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis Say) consume adult pandora moths, but reject nutritionally valuable eggs from gravid females. Feeding trials with captive S. lateralis were conducted to identify the mode of egg protection. Chemical constituents of fertilized eggs were separated through a polarity gradient of solvent extractions. Consumption of the resulting hexane, dichloromethane, and water egg fractions, and the extracted egg tissue residue, was evaluated by randomized 2-choice feeding tests. Consumption of four physically distinct egg fractions (whole eggs, "whole" egg shells, ground egg shells, and egg contents) also was evaluated. These bioassays indicated that C. pandora eggs are not protected chemically, however, the egg shell does inhibit S. lateralis consumption. Egg protection is one mechanism that enables C. pandora to persist within the forest food web. Spermophilus lateralis, a common and often abundant rodent of central Oregon pine forests, is a natural enemy of C. pandora
    [Show full text]
  • Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
    INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
    [Show full text]
  • Saturniidae of 'Los Altos De Chiapas," Mexico (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea)
    Vol. 9 No. 1 1998 BEUTELSPACHER and BALCAZAR: Saturniidae of "Los Altos de Chiapas" 19 TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA, 9(1): 19-22 SATURNIIDAE OF 'LOS ALTOS DE CHIAPAS," MEXICO (LEPIDOPTERA: BOMBYCOIDEA) CARLOS R. BEUTELSPACHER-BAIGTS AND MANUEL BALCAZAR-LARA Coleccion Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biologia, UNAM, A.P. 70-153, Mexico City, 04510 DF, Mexico ABSTRACT.- A faunal study for the family Saturniidae, of "Rancho Nuevo", San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico is presented in this paper. Thirteen species of nine genera were found in the area. The fauna is compared with those of other Mexican localities in published papers. RESUMEN.- Se estudiaron las mariposas de la familia Saturniidae, de "Rancho Nuevo", San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico, encontrandose 13 especies repartidas en nueve generos. Se compara esta fauna, con otras del pai's y se senalan los Indices de Similitud. KEY WORDS: Arsenurinae, biodiversity, Central America, Ceratocampinae, distribution, fauna, Hemileucinae, Mesoamerica, Neotropical, Saturniinae, zoogeography. This is the second of a series of papers on the Lepidoptera fauna RESULTS of "Rancho Nuevo," San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico dealing with the family Saturniidae. The description of the study area A total of 13 species of 9 genera were found in the study area, 2 is as follows (see also Beutelspacher, 1995): location is in central of which are considered endemics to the area: Syssphinx gomezi Chiapas, at 16°40'13"N and 92°33'49"W. The climate in the area is Lemaire and Coloradia casanovai Beutelspacher. The months when subhumid temperate. Warmest months are June and July, with an adult specimens of the species were collected, and their number, are average temperatue 15.5°C; the coldest months are December and pointed out in the following list.
    [Show full text]
  • PACIFIC SOUTHWEST Forest and Range Experiment St Ation
    PACIFIC SOUTHWEST Forest and Range FOREST SERVICE U. S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE P.O. BOX 245, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94701 Experiment St ation CONTACT TOXICITY OF 40 INSECTICIDES TESTED ON PANDORA MOTH LARVAE Robert L. Lyon The pandora moth (Coloradia pandora Blake)' defoliates principally ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa Laws.), Jeffrey (P. jeffreyi Grev. and Balf.), and lodgepole (P. contorta Dougl.) pines in the Western United States. Damage is periodically severe. Defolia- USDA Forest Service tion by this insect can kill a tree directly, or Research Iote PSW-235 indirectly as a result of subsequent attacks by bark beetles.* To date, no insecticide has been developed 1971 for control of the pandora moth, and no laboratory research on this subject has been reported in the literature. As part of an investigation in evaluating chemicals for control of forest insects, 40 insecticides and an antifeeding compound were tested in the laboratory on pandora moth larvae in the second and third instars. Pyrethrins were the most toxic. This insecti- cide showed promise as an especially good candidate for field testing. METHODS Test Insects Pandora moth larvae overwinter on their host tree ABSTRACT: Forty insecticides and an antifeeding compound were tested on pandora moth larvae at the base of the needles mostly as second and third (Coloradia pandora Blake) in the second and third instars. Hibernating larvae were collected during instars. A total of 21 insecticides were more toxic at winter near Chemult, O~egon.~They were trans- LDgO than DDT, providing a good choice of candi- ported to the laboratory on ponderosa pine foliage in dates for field testing.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Instructions for the Urban Inventory of San
    FIELD INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE URBAN INVENTORY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA & PORTLAND, OREGON 2018 FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS RESOURCE MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION USDA FOREST SERVICE Note to User: URBAN FIA Field Guide 7.2 is based on the National CORE Field Guide, Version 7.2. Data elements are national CORE unless indicated as follows: • National CORE data elements that end in “+U” (e.g., x.x+U) have had values,codes, or text added, changed, or adjusted from the CORE program. Any additional URBAN FIA text for a national CORE data element is hi-lighted or shown as an "Urban Note". • All URBAN FIA data elements end in “U” (e.g., x.xU). The text for an URBAN FIA data element is not hi- lighted and does not have a corresponding variable in CORE. • URBAN FIA electronic file notes: • national CORE data elements that are not applicable in URBAN FIA are formatted as light gray or light gray hidden text. • hyperlink cross-references are included for various sections, figures, and tables. *National CORE data elements retain their national CORE field guide data element/variable number but may not retain their national CORE field guide location or sequence within the guide. pg.3 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 11 SECTION 1.1 URBAN OVERVIEW. .11 SECTION 1.2 FIELD GUIDE LAYOUT . 12 SECTION 1.3 UNITS OF MEASURE . 12 CHAPTER 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . 13 SECTION 2.1 PLOT SETUP . 15 SECTION 2.2 PLOT INTEGRITY . 15 SECTION 2.3 PLOT MONUMENTATION . 15 ITEM 2.3.0.1 MONUMENT TYPE (CORE 0.3.1U) .
    [Show full text]
  • Pandora Moth (Coloradia Pandora Linseyi) Is Our Largest and Perhaps Most Charismatic Forest Insect Pest
    Forest Health Fact Sheet March 2017 Pandora moth (Coloradia pandora linseyi) is our largest and perhaps most charismatic forest insect pest. In its larval stage it is a defoliator of pine trees. Outbreaks from this insect are cyclical but highly variable in recurrence and duration. Pandora moth has a 2-year life cycle, the defoliating larval stage typically occurs in even number years. The last major outbreak from this pest in Oregon was in Central Oregon from 1988-1996 but a small increase in populations was observed in 2016. This insect occurs where pine grows in loose, volcanic soils. Mature larvae and pupae are traditional foods collected William Ciesla, FH Mgt. Int., Bugwood.org Int., Mgt. FH Ciesla, William by several Native American tribes such as the Paiute, Klamath and Modoc. Pandora moth adult with pink accents and a black spot on the underside of Hosts each hind wing. Major: ponderosa, lodgepole and Jeffrey pines Minor: sugar pine The range of Pandora moth extends through most western states. In Oregon, they are most often found in areas with loose, volcanic soils such as central Oregon. Biology Eggs hatch in late summer and larvae begin feeding on pine needles. When temperatures drop, larvae retreat to DarrellRoss (OSU), Bugwood.org R3, USFS the base of needles to overwinter and resume feeding the Clockwise: William R2, Ciesla, USFS following spring. The larvae are voracious eaters grow Pandora moth larval color morphs and pupae from <1/4” to 3” as they develop through five molts. Larvae may be brown, black or green and may have Damage patterns to blend in with pine branches.
    [Show full text]
  • Merging Science and Management in a Rapidly
    Preliminary Assessment of the Moth (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) Fauna of Rincon de Guadalupe, Sierra de Bacadéhuachi, Sonora, Mexico John D. Palting Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Abstract—The Sierra de Bacadéhuachi is a poorly sampled extension of the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) located in east-central Sonora near the town of Bacadéhuachi. Sampling of moths using mercury vapor and ultraviolet lights occurred in summer and fall 2011, and spring 2012 at Rincón de Guadalupe, located in pine-oak forest at 1680 m elevation. Approximately 400 taxa of moths were identified from this locality. Species occurrences demonstrate connections to the famously diverse Yécora area, to the higher, more me- sic SMO in Chihuahua, as well as the Rocky Mountains to the north. Several unidentified and presumably new moth species from Rincón de Guadalupe await further study and description. Two species previously known only from the type specimens (destroyed in WWII) were rediscovered at Rincón de Guadalupe. A complete list of the moths identified from Rincon de Guadalupe is available as a Research Species List in the Madrean Archipelago Biodiversity Assessment (MABA)/Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet) online database (Madrean.org). Introduction Bacadéhuachi are Asteraceae (54 taxa), Fabaceae (47 taxa), and Poaceae (36 taxa) (Van Devender and others, Preliminary Flora of The Sierra de Bacadéhuachi is considered the westernmost mas- the Sierra Bacadéhuachi, Sonora, Mexico, this volume). sif of the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), and is located east of the Pueblo de Bacadéhuachi, Municipio de Bacadéhuachi, Sonora. While technically not a Sky Island, the range represents the northernmost Methods extension of the SMO and serves as a conduit for SMO species to A combination mercury vapor/ultraviolet light or ultraviolet light move north into the Sky Island region.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Status Handbook
    CONSERVATION STATUS HANDBOOK Colorado’s Animals, Plants, and Plant Communities of Special Concern May 1999 Volume 3, No. 2 Colorado Natural Heritage Program Room 254 General Servives Bldg. Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 Photographs by Steve Kettler, Gwen Kittel, Renée Rondeau, and Susan Spackman Logo Design by Lee Grunau, computer enhancement by Greg Nelson ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Colorado Natural Heritage Program is grateful to the following who thoughtfully invested their time, energy, and knowledge to ensure the Natural Heritage conservation status list is as up-to-date and accurate as possible: For Animals: The status of Colorado’s fauna cannot be adequately addressed without the volumes of information that are located and maintained in biological museums. The following institutions have been instrumental to our understanding of Coloradan fauna: C. P. Gillete Insect Biodiversity Museum, Ray Stanford Lepidoptera Collection, Denver Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado Museum, University of Northern Colorado Museum, and the U.S.G.S. Biological Resources Division Collection at the Museum of Southwestern Biology at Albequerque, New Mexico. We would also like to thank the following individuals associated with the above institutions for their enthusiasm and support of our efforts: Boris Kondratieff, Paul Opler, Ray Stanford, Cheri Jones, Dave Armstrong, Jim Fitzgerald, Cindy Ramotnik, and Mike Bogan. There were a number of individuals who offered time, energy, expertise, and perspective which helped to shape the development of the list of zoological conservation priorities at CNHP. For agreeing to assist with this effort, we are extremely grateful to the following persons: Dave Armstrong, Kevin Bestgen, Carl Bock, Mike Carter, Ken Giesen, Geoff Hammerson, Hugh Kingery, Fritz Knopf, Ron Lambeth, Lauren Livo, Chuck Loeffler, Carron Meaney, Kirk Navo, Tom Nessler, Chris Pague, Bob Righter, Bruce Rosenlund, Chris Schultz, Gary Skiba, Hobart Smith, Jay Thompson, John Toolen, Lee Upham, Ron West, and Bruce Wunder.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges Posed by Fires to Wild Animals and How to Help
    Challenges posed by fires to wild animals and how to help A LITERATURE REVIEW Jara Gutiérrez Francisco Javier de Miguel Department of Biology Autonomous University of Madrid Published in 2020 by Animal Ethics 4200 Park Blvd. #129 Oakland, CA 94602 United States of America [email protected] www.animal-ethics.org Animal Ethics is a nonprofit charity aiming at providing information and resources about issues related to the moral consideration of all sentient animals. It is approved by the Internal Revenue Service as a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization, and its Federal Identification Number (EIN) is 46-1062870. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suggested citation: Gutiérrez, J. & de Miguel, F. J. (2020) Challenges posed by fires to wild animals and how to help: A literature review, Oakland: Animal Ethics, retrieved from https://www.animal- ethics.org/fire-wild-animals-help. The authors thank Cyndi Rook, Leah McKelvie, Daniel Dorado, Gary O'Brien, Jane Capozzelli, and Oscar Horta for their help reviewing this study. Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Objectives and methodology .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Species Richness and Variety of Life in Arizona's Ponderosa Pine Forest Type
    United States Department of Agriculture Species Richness and Variety of Life in Arizona’s Ponderosa Pine Forest Type David R. Patton, Richard W. Hofstetter, John D. Bailey and Mary Ann Benoit Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-332 December 2014 Patton, David R.; Hofstetter, Richard W.; Bailey, John D.; Benoit, Mary Ann. 2014. Species richness and variety of life in Arizona’s ponderosa pine forest type. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-332. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 44 p. Abstract Species richness (SR) is a tool that managers can use to include diversity in planning and decision-making and is a convenient and useful way to characterize the first level of biological diversity. A richness list derived from existing inventories enhances a manager’s understanding of the complexity of the plant and animal communities they manage. Without a list of species, resource management decisions may have negative or unknown effects on all species occupying a forest type. Without abundance data, a common quantitative index for species diversity cannot be determined. However, SR data can include life his- tory information from published literature to enhance the SR value. This report provides an example of how inventory information can characterize the complexity of biological diversity in the ponderosa pine forest type in Arizona. The SR process broadly categorizes the number of plant and animal life forms to arrive at a composite species richness value. Common sense dictates that plants and animals exist in a biotic community because that community has sufficient resources to sustain life.
    [Show full text]
  • Tomeris Boudinotiana Lemaire, Automeris Metzli (Salle), Anisota As­ Similis Druce, Syssphinx Colloida (Dyar), Citheronia Beledonon Dyar
    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 46(2), 1992, 128-137 A NEW SPECIES OF COLORADIA FROM SONORA AND CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO (SATURNIIDAE: HEMILEUCINAE) CLAUDE LEMAIREl La Croix des Baux, F-84220 Gordes, France AND MICHAEL J. SMITH2 7428 Holworthy Way, Sacramento, California 95842 ABSTRACT. Coloradia prchali, new species, is described from the mountains of eastern Sonora and western Chihuahua, Mexico. This charcoal black species is sympatric with Coloradia luski and has been collected only from the region around Yecora, Sonora, Mexico, at an elevation of 1050 m to 1900 m, primarily in the pine/oak forest habitat (Petran [Madrean] Conifer Forest). It also has been collected sparingly in the oak woodland habitat (Madrean Evergreen Woodland) just below the pine/oak forest community. Fe­ males of this species are attracted to Mercury Vapor and Ultra-violet light, but only five males have been collected at light. Males are primarily day fliers and have been observed flying (and attracted to virgin females) between 0900 and 1500 h. Genitalic characters indicate that C. prchali is most closely related to C. luski but characters of the foretibia are more similar to Coloradia pandora. Additional key words: Systematics, variation, distribution, habitat, Sonoran Lepi­ doptera Survey. The Lepidoptera fauna of Sonora, Mexico, was poorly known until the past decade. Recent collecting efforts have increased significantly our understanding of this fauna (Holland & Forbes 1981, Friedlander 1985, Smith 1985, Opler 1986, Miller & Miller 1988, Donahue 1989, Rindge 1990). In 1982, Steve Prchal of Tucson, Arizona, began his ecological and entomological studies in the mountains and plains of Sonora. The successes of his early trips sparked the interests of several other Arizonan collectors and resulted in annual collecting trips into various parts of Sonora.
    [Show full text]