The Ukrainian Weekly 1982

(ГОО СВОБОДА 4зг SVOBODA І І ФЧО oo rainian Weekly 9a PUBLISHED BY THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCUOION INC, A FRATERNAL NON- PROFIT ASSOCIATION T Vol. L ШNo. 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 14,1982 25 cents Woman's letter describes Madrid Conference delegations agree to recess MADRID - Western, Soviet-bloc The imposition of martial law in Over the weekend of March 6-7, an one family's hardships and neutral delegations at the dead Poland on December 13 exacerbated informal group including the Soviet locked Madrid Conference to review the situation, particularly after Western Union, Austria and the United States under Soviet rule implementation of the 1975 Helsinki foreign ministers — including Secretary sought a way out of the impasse and Accords on human rights and security of State Alexander Haig - came here finally succeeded on March 8, accord ELLICOTT CITY, Md. - A letter in Europe agreed on March 8 to recess last month to chastise the Polish mili ing to The Times. The West agreed to that describes the adversity suffered by until the fall following a session on tary government and the Soviet Union one more week of talks in Madrid, while one Ukrainian family from Volyn has March 12, reported The New York for its role in the crisis. the Soviets agreed to an Austrian pro made its way to the West via the Times. posal that the last session be March 12. Russian samizdat, reported the Smolo- The Soviet Union responded at first skyp Ukrainian Information Service. The decision to recess was agreed by resorting to procedural maneuvers to upon when the United States and its block Western speakers, a strategy that Although the date of reconvening the It was written, in 1980 and titled "The allies refused to accept a further work caused a furor on February 9 when the talks in the autumn has not been Right Jo Have No Rights" by a woman ing agenda to underscore their conten chairman of that day's session, Poland `s decided, it seems likely that all sides will named H. Sbyliuk. Following are tion that the military repression in Wlodzimierz Konarski, tried to stop agree on November 9. Some diplomats excerpts that describe the hardships this Poland made meaningful negotiations debate by recessing the meeting before hope, The Times said, that during this woman has experienced in her life: here, impossible at this time. all the scheduled speakers had address "cooling-off period" the international "When I was born in 1950, my father Representatives of the 35 signers of ed the gathering. climate will have improved enough to had already finished what he called the make further discussions here feasible. 'life institute' — the years he spent in the Helsinki agreement have been Later, the Soviets maintained that meeting here for 16 months to try to only the Warsaw Pact countries were Others suspect that the current dead prisons and labor camps. I had not even lock will recur. reached the happy moment of knowing broaden the provisions on human interested in businesslike negotiations, a father's love when he was once again freedoms, economic exchanges and the and accused the NATO allies of trying The Madrid review meeting has run thrown behind these 'academic walls' peaceful resolution of international to sabotage the meeting. far longer and at times been far stormier for two additional years," she writes. disputes. than its predecessor held in Belgrade in Sines the conference began, pjogress After NATO nations refused to MirShyKuk goes oh to describeher' 1977. But its cumbersome consensus in these areas has been sluggish, due in participate in drafting sessions, it mother's painstaking efforts to get the operating procedure has prevented it large part to such factors as the Soviet became evident that the conference Soviet government to release her hus from breaking up, particularly as invasion of Afghanistan and its confine would have to be adjourned. band. At this time, Ms. Shyliuk's older neither East nor West wants to be ment of dissidents and Western attacks sister died of tuberculosis at age 15. Her On Friday, March 5, emphasizing blamed for such an event. on these and other violations of the father was not granted permission to their impatience with the situation, original pact. attend the funeral. NATO nations withheld agreement to "We seem to be creating the Helsinki The conference was further hindered an agenda for this week's sessions. Since forum as a permanent institution," The She writes: by Soviet intransigence on accepting a the Helsinki ground rules require con Times quoted one West European "When my father was leaving for compromise solution on a post-Madrid sensus among all 35 participants, that diplomat as saying. "I think we have to prison he said good-bye to five of us; security conference put forth by the session lasted until 4 a.m. Saturday, decide whether or not this is a good returning he was greeted by only four. neutral and non-aligned countries. then resumed on March 8. thing. Maybe it is a good thing." The traumas we ail lived through affected the health of the entire family. I remember my father with a head of gray hair, he was not yet 40. "My mother also had grey hair from KOR founder: Solidarity "underestimated" party her worries, at the age of 40. My oldest BONN, West Germany - Adam activism, scorns the official justifica to arguments over unknportant brother, who carried the weight of the Michnik, co-founder of the Polish tion for martial law - that Solidarity things; there were many false con family on his shoulders had a head of dissident group KOR, said that his sought political power. flicts in it," he writes. Solidarity grey hair at some 20-odd years of age. main regret about Poland's IS "Solidarity had neither a shadow itself, he goes on, was "a colossus These, are the memories of my child months of freedom seems to be that cabinet nor a program for a coup with feet of steel, but with hands of hood. the Solidarity trade union was too d'etat," he says. clay." "An individual lives for the dream, "naive" and underestimated the The real cause of the putsch, he Looking at the weaknesses of its and faith of better things to come in the Polish Communist Party. argues, was the fact that the "exis adversary, however, Solidarity for future. This hope gives one faith and The veteran dissident and historian tence of an independent and self-run got that the "Communist system in strength to get though the daily hard made his remarks in the first essay institution supported by the people Poland was a colossus with feet of ships and obligations and grief. It smuggled to the West from his subur was unacceptable" to a ruling class clay, but with hands of steel." In Mr. seemed to be that I was the only one ban Warsaw cell which appeared alienated from the people. Michnik `s view, Solidarity forgot who lived like this, for I never ventured in the March 8 issue of the German Unlike many Western analysts, that despite all the weaknesses, an out among people." magazine Der Spiegel. The essay was Mr. Michnik does not feel that the "apparatus of force, untroubled by Ms. Shyliuk notes that her childhood the subject of a story by Elizabeth union simply went too far or too fast democratic corrosion, can be a useful passed quickly, soon it was time to start Pond in the March 9 issue of The with its demands for greater social, instrument in the hands of a dictato earning her own way. She got a job - Christian Science Monitor. political and economic freedoms. He rial power, especially in the hands of physical labor — a job that even a The aim of the December "putsch," describes Solidarity as a "self-limit a dictatorship that finds the floor strong adult male would have trouble writes Mr. Michnik, was a "classic ing revolution." burning under its feet." with. "To tell the truth, I immediately counterrevolution against the work Moreover, Mr. Michnik is said to Mr. Michnik draws faint optimism saw the 'equal rights' of men and ers in the name of defending the have urged caution on Solidarity, a from the conviction that brute force women, in words, deeds and muscles. conservative interests of the old position which ultimately led to a can never "wipe out the memory of What cant a person get used tol Time is regime." split with the more radical Mr. 15 months of freedom from the (Continued co pap 16) In 1976, Mr. Michnik, along with Kuron. memory of men." He also feels that activist Jacek Kuron, formed KOR In the essay, Mr. Michnik acknow moral support from the West is - the Committee for Social Self- ledges that a major impediment to important, but that economic sanc Defense - to defend workers jailed the Solidarity movement was that it tions against Poland should not have INSIDE: during the anti-government up had to overcome a social tradition been introduced. Ш News and views - page 6. risings that summer. When Solida which for 37 years was "far removed Finally, Mr. Michnik wishes his Ш "Towards a united Ukrainian rity was formed in the summer of from democratic institutions." In this comrades "much strength to be able front In America" by Dr. Myron B. 1980, KOR activists acted as advi environment the spontaneous social to step through the darkness that lies Kuropas - page 7. sors to the union's leadership. movement'of Solidarity had no clear between despair and hope.

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