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Šunų Babesia Canis Invazijos Paplitimas Alytaus Apskrityje Distribution of Canine Babesia Canis Infection in Alytus District

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Šunų Babesia Canis Invazijos Paplitimas Alytaus Apskrityje Distribution of Canine Babesia Canis Infection in Alytus District LIETUVOS SVEIKATOS MOKSLŲ UNIVERSITETAS VETERINARIJOS AKADEMIJA Veterinarijos fakultetas Ieva Andriulionienė Šunų Babesia canis invazijos paplitimas Alytaus apskrityje Distribution of canine Babesia canis infection in Alytus district Veterinarinės medicinos vientisųjų studijų MAGISTRO BAIGIAMASIS DARBAS Darbo vadovas: Prof. habil. dr. S. Petkevičius KAUNAS 2015 1 DARBAS ATLIKTAS UŽKREČIAMŲJŲ LIGŲ KATEDROJE PATVIRTINIMAS APIE ATLIKTO DARBO SAVARANKIŠKUMĄ Patvirtinu, kad įteikiamas magistro baigiamasis darbas tema: Šunų Babesia canis invazijos paplitimas Alytaus apskrityje 1. Yra atliktas mano pačios; 2. Nebuvo naudotas kitame universitete Lietuvoje ir užsienyje; 3. Nenaudojau šaltinių, kurie nėra nurodyti darbe, ir pateikiu visą panaudotos literatūros sąrašą. (data) (autoriaus vardas, pavardė) (parašas) PATVIRTINIMAS APIE ATSAKOMYBĘ UŽ LIETUVIŲ KALBOS TAISYKLINGUMĄ ATLIKTAME DARBE Patvirtinu lietuvių kalbos taisyklingumą atliktame darbe. (data) (autoriaus vardas, pavardė) (parašas) MAGISTRO BAIGIAMOJO DARBO VADOVO IŠVADOS DĖL DARBO GYNIMO (data) (autoriaus vardas, pavardė) (parašas) MAGISTRO BAIGIAMASIS DARBAS APROBUOTAS KATEDROJE (aprobacijos data) (Gynimo komisijos sekretorės/riaus vardas, pavardė) (parašas) Magistro baigiamojo darbo recenzentas (vardas, pavardė) ( parašas) Magistro baigiamojųjų darbų gynimo komisijos įvertinimas: (data) (gynimokomisijos sekretorės/riaus vardas, pavardė) ( parašas) 2 TURINYS SANTRAUKA.............................................................................................................4 SUMMARY.................................................................................................................5 ĮVADAS......................................................................................................................6 1.LITERATŪROS APŽVALGA ...............................................................................7 1.1. Babesia canis apibūdinimas...............................................................................7 1.1.1.Taksonominė klasifikacija.............................................................................7 1.2. Morfologija.........................................................................................................8 1.3.Dermacentor reticulatus kraujasiurbių erkių vystymosi ciklas..............................9 1.4. Babeziozės sukėlėjų vektoriai...........................................................................9 1.5. Epidemiologiniai duomenys..............................................................................9 1.6. Babeziozės patogenezė.....................................................................................12 1.7. Klinikiniai požymiai.........................................................................................14 1.8. Diagnostika.......................................................................................................15 1.9. Gydymas...........................................................................................................15 1.10. Profilaktika......................................................................................................16 2.TYRIMO METODIKA IR ORGANIZAVIMAS.....................................................17 2.1. Statistiniai metodai............................................................................................17 3.TYRIMŲ REZULTATAI.........................................................................................18 3.1. Klinikinių požymių analizė................................................................................18 3.2. Šunų babeziozės sezoninis pasireiškimas.........................................................19 3.3. Morfologinių kraujo rodiklių pokyčiai...............................................................21 3.4.Ligos baigtis........................................................................................................23 3.5.Šunų babeziozei gydyti naudoti preparatai..........................................................23 4. REZULTATŲ APTARIMAS....................................................................................24 5. IŠVADOS..................................................................................................................27 6. LITERATŪROS SĄRAŠAS.....................................................................................28 3 SANTRAUKA Tema: Šunų Babesia canis invazijos paplitimas Alytaus apskrityje. Tyrimai atlikti trijose veterinarijos klinikose, Alytaus apskrityje. Darbo apimtis 31 puslapiai, jame yra 3 lentelės, 5 paveikslai, panaudoti 49 literatūros šaltiniai. Tyrimų tikslas - ištirti šunų Babesia canis invazijos paplitimą Alytaus apskrityje atsižvelgiant į gyvūnų veislę, amžių, lytį ir ligos sezoniškumą. Tyrimų uždaviniai: Babezioze sergančių šunų statistinių duomenų analizavimas Alytaus apskrityje; babezioze sergančių šunų kraujo morfologinių tyrimų atlikimas, diagnozavimas, analizavimas; babezioze sergančių šunų klinikinių požymių analizavimas. Tyrimų metodika: Šunys tyrimui buvo atrinkti įvairiu metų laikotarpiu, remiantis babeziozės klinikiniais požymiais (erkės įsisiurbimo įrodymais, karščiavimas, apatija, anoreksija, blyškios gleivinės, gelta, hemoglobinurija); Sergantiems gyvūnams, Babesia canis diagnozei patvirtinti buvo dažomi periferinio kraujo tepinėliai taip pat atlikti kraujo morfologiniai ir biocheminiai tyrimai; duomenys analizuoti naudojant „Microsoft Office Excel“ programą. Apskaičiuoti kraujo rodiklių vidurkiai su vidurkių paklaida (SD), minimalios (MIN) ir maksimalios (MAX) reikšmės. Patikimais skirtumais laikoma, kai p<0,05. Rezultatai ir išvados: dažniausi pacientams pasireiškiantys babeziozės požymiai buvo anoreksija, kuri pasireiškė 118 šunų (96 proc.), karščiavimas - 116 šunų (94 proc.) šunų bei apatija, kuri užregistruota 111 pacientų (90 proc.); aukščiausias B. canis infekuotų šunų skaičius buvo nustatytas pavasarį – balandžio, o rudenį - rugsėjo mėnesiais; dažniausiai babezioze sirgo šunys nuo 1 iki 3 metų amžiaus (48 proc.), 3 – 10 metų šunys – (33 proc.), tuo tarpu vyresni nei 10 metų šunys– 17 užsikrėtimo atvejų (14 proc.) ir 0-1 metų šuniukai 7 atvejai (6 proc.) sirgo ženkliai rečiau; skirtingų lyčių sergamumo babezioze ženklaus sergamumo skirtumo nenustatyta-patinai (52 proc.) ir patelės (48 proc. atvejų) (p>0,05); šunims sergantiems babezioze nustatyta leukopenija, leukocitozė, limfopenija, hemoglobinemija, mažakraujystė ir trombocitopenija; dažniausiai babeziozės gydymui buvo naudojamas antiparazitiniais vaistais (Imizol), o rečiausiai naudotas gydymo būdas buvo kraujo perpylimas, kuris atliktas 4 šunims (3 proc. atvejų). Raktiniai žodžiai: Babesia canis, paplitimas, Alytaus apskritis, šunys 4 SUMMARY MASTER THESIS: Distribution of canine Babesia canis infection in Alytus district Name of Author: Ieva Andriulionienė Supervisor: Prof. Habil. Dr. Saulius Petkevičius The study was performed at 3 small animal clinics in Alytus district, Lithuania. The MsSc Thesis consists of 32 pages including - 3 Tables, 5 Figures and 49 sources of literature. The objectives of the study: to evaluate and analize microscopically coloured blood swabs with dog babesiosis; to analyze clinical signs of babesiosis in infected dogs; to performe a statistical analysis of canine babesiosis distribution in Alytaus district. Materials and Methods of the study: data for research was collected in 3 veterinary clinics from April to September year 2014 in Alytus district and were selected from 123 dogs of various species, ages and gender with clinical signs of babesiosis. Furthermore, coloured blood swabs were investigated microscopically. In addition, blood samples were analyzed morphologically and biochemically. Statistical analysis was performed by „Microsoft Office Excel“ programme. Blood parameters means with standard deviation (SD), minimal (MIN) and maximal (MAX) distributions were calculated. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Results and conclusions: In majority of cases pronounced clinical features were anorexia 118/123 (96.0 %), fever 116/123 (94.0 5%) and apathy 111/123 (90.0 %). Majority of babesiosis cases were registered in spring - April and autumn - September, this correlated directly with seasonal activity of mites in Lithuania. Babesiosis of dogs appeared in animals of various age, gender and species. Majority of babesiosis cases were registered in dogs of 1-3 years (48.0 %) and 3-10 years (33.0 %) of age. However, in elder dogs over 10 years of age and in puppets 0-1 years of age lowest level of babesiosis was registered – 17/123 (14.0 %) and 7/123 (6.0 %), respectively. There were no differences between babesiosis cases in males (52.0 %) and females (48.0 %) dogs (p>0,05); main clinical features were anorexia, fever, apathy, lethargy, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria and trombocitopenia. In majority of cases the treatment was performed using antiparasitic drug (Imizol) and blood transfusion was used only in 4/123 dogs (3.0 %). Key words: Babesia canis, distribution, dogs, Alytus district. 5 ĮVADAS Per paskutinius dešimtmečius, dėl vykstančios klimato kaitos ir didėjančios gyvūnų ir žmonių migracijos pastebimai pasikeitė užkrečiamųjų ligų situacija (Žalakevičius, 2001; 2007). Dėl klimato atšilimo registruojami ryškūs pokyčiai įvairiose parazito - šeimininko tarpusavio santykių sistemos grandyse. Nustatytas ženklus ektoparazitų invazijos intensyvumo padidėjimas Vidurio ir Rytų Europoje (Rogers ir Randolph, 2006; Eisen, 2007). Taip pat Lietuvoje ir aplinkinėse šalyse registruojami pietiniams kraštams būdingų parazitinių
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