Chapter 2 the Virtual Disk Cookbook
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Effective Virtual CPU Configuration with QEMU and Libvirt
Effective Virtual CPU Configuration with QEMU and libvirt Kashyap Chamarthy <[email protected]> Open Source Summit Edinburgh, 2018 1 / 38 Timeline of recent CPU flaws, 2018 (a) Jan 03 • Spectre v1: Bounds Check Bypass Jan 03 • Spectre v2: Branch Target Injection Jan 03 • Meltdown: Rogue Data Cache Load May 21 • Spectre-NG: Speculative Store Bypass Jun 21 • TLBleed: Side-channel attack over shared TLBs 2 / 38 Timeline of recent CPU flaws, 2018 (b) Jun 29 • NetSpectre: Side-channel attack over local network Jul 10 • Spectre-NG: Bounds Check Bypass Store Aug 14 • L1TF: "L1 Terminal Fault" ... • ? 3 / 38 Related talks in the ‘References’ section Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications What this talk is not about 4 / 38 Related talks in the ‘References’ section What this talk is not about Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications 4 / 38 What this talk is not about Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications Related talks in the ‘References’ section 4 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) libvirtd QMP QMP QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Custom Disk1 Disk2 Appliance ioctl() KVM-based virtualization components Linux with KVM 5 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) libvirtd QMP QMP Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Disk1 Disk2 ioctl() Linux with KVM 5 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components libvirtd QMP QMP QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Disk1 Disk2 ioctl() Linux with KVM 5 / 38 libguestfs (guestfish) Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components OpenStack, et al. -
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.1 Release Notes
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.1 Release Notes Release Notes for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Red Hat Customer Content Services Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.1 Release Notes Release Notes for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Red Hat Customer Content Services Legal Notice Copyright © 2015 Red Hat, Inc. This document is licensed by Red Hat under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. If you distribute this document, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat, Inc. and provide a link to the original. If the document is modified, all Red Hat trademarks must be removed. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, MetaMatrix, Fedora, the Infinity Logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Linux ® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java ® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS ® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. MySQL ® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries. Node.js ® is an official trademark of Joyent. Red Hat Software Collections is not formally related to or endorsed by the official Joyent Node.js open source or commercial project. -
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide An introduction to application development tools in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Dave Brolley William Cohen Roland Grunberg Aldy Hernandez Karsten Hopp Jakub Jelinek Developer Guide Jeff Johnston Benjamin Kosnik Aleksander Kurtakov Chris Moller Phil Muldoon Andrew Overholt Charley Wang Kent Sebastian Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide An introduction to application development tools in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Edition 0 Author Dave Brolley [email protected] Author William Cohen [email protected] Author Roland Grunberg [email protected] Author Aldy Hernandez [email protected] Author Karsten Hopp [email protected] Author Jakub Jelinek [email protected] Author Jeff Johnston [email protected] Author Benjamin Kosnik [email protected] Author Aleksander Kurtakov [email protected] Author Chris Moller [email protected] Author Phil Muldoon [email protected] Author Andrew Overholt [email protected] Author Charley Wang [email protected] Author Kent Sebastian [email protected] Editor Don Domingo [email protected] Editor Jacquelynn East [email protected] Copyright © 2010 Red Hat, Inc. and others. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. -
Virtual Routing in the Cloud
I I I I I I I I I CISCO ~ ptg17123584 Virtual Routing in the Cloud Arvind Durai Stephen Lynn ciscopress.com Amit Srivastava Exclusive Offer - 40% OFF Cisco Press Video Training live lessons·® ciscopress.com/video Use coupon code CPVIDE040 during checkout. Video Instruction from Technology Experts livelessons·® ptg17123584 Advance Your Skills Train Anywhere Learn Get started with fundamentals, Train anywhere, at your Learn from trusted author become an expert, or get certified. own pace, on any device. trainers published by Cisco Press. Try Our Popular Video Training for FREE! ciscopress.com/video Explore hundreds of FREE video lessons from our growing library of Complete Video Courses, Livelessons, networking talks, and workshops. 9781587144943_Durai_Virtual_Routing_Cloud_CVR.indd 2 4/8/16 1:25 PM Virtual Routing in the Cloud Arvind Durai, CCIE No. 7016 Stephen Lynn, CCIE No. 5507 & CCDE No. 20130056 Amit Srivastava ptg17123584 Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA ii Virtual Routing in the Cloud Virtual Routing in the Cloud Arvind Durai, CCIE No. 7016 Stephen Lynn, CCIE No. 5507 & CCDE No. 20130056 Amit Srivastava Copyright© 2016 Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Printed in the United States of America First Printing April 2016 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016934921 ISBN-13: 978-1-58714-494-3 ISBN-10: 1-58714-494-8 Warning and Disclaimer ptg17123584 This book is designed to provide information about CSR 1000V router and adoption of NFV technology in the cloud environment. -
Oracle VM Virtualbox User Manual
Oracle VM VirtualBox R User Manual Version 5.1.0 c 2004-2016 Oracle Corporation http://www.virtualbox.org Contents 1 First steps 11 1.1 Why is virtualization useful?............................. 12 1.2 Some terminology................................... 12 1.3 Features overview................................... 13 1.4 Supported host operating systems.......................... 15 1.5 Installing VirtualBox and extension packs...................... 16 1.6 Starting VirtualBox.................................. 17 1.7 Creating your first virtual machine......................... 18 1.8 Running your virtual machine............................ 21 1.8.1 Starting a new VM for the first time.................... 21 1.8.2 Capturing and releasing keyboard and mouse.............. 22 1.8.3 Typing special characters.......................... 23 1.8.4 Changing removable media......................... 24 1.8.5 Resizing the machine’s window...................... 24 1.8.6 Saving the state of the machine...................... 25 1.9 Using VM groups................................... 26 1.10 Snapshots....................................... 26 1.10.1 Taking, restoring and deleting snapshots................. 27 1.10.2 Snapshot contents.............................. 28 1.11 Virtual machine configuration............................ 29 1.12 Removing virtual machines.............................. 30 1.13 Cloning virtual machines............................... 30 1.14 Importing and exporting virtual machines..................... 31 1.15 Global Settings................................... -
Developer Guide
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide An introduction to application development tools in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Last Updated: 2017-10-20 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide An introduction to application development tools in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Robert Krátký Red Hat Customer Content Services [email protected] Don Domingo Red Hat Customer Content Services Jacquelynn East Red Hat Customer Content Services Legal Notice Copyright © 2016 Red Hat, Inc. and others. This document is licensed by Red Hat under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. If you distribute this document, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat, Inc. and provide a link to the original. If the document is modified, all Red Hat trademarks must be removed. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, OpenShift, Fedora, the Infinity logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Linux ® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java ® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS ® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. MySQL ® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries. Node.js ® is an official trademark of Joyent. -
Virtualization Best Practices
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 Virtualization Best Practices SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 Publication Date: September 24, 2021 Contents 1 Virtualization Scenarios 2 2 Before You Apply Modifications 2 3 Recommendations 3 4 VM Host Server Configuration and Resource Allocation 3 5 VM Guest Images 25 6 VM Guest Configuration 36 7 VM Guest-Specific Configurations and Settings 42 8 Xen: Converting a Paravirtual (PV) Guest to a Fully Virtual (FV/HVM) Guest 45 9 External References 49 1 SLES 15 SP1 1 Virtualization Scenarios Virtualization oers a lot of capabilities to your environment. It can be used in multiple scenarios. To get more details about it, refer to the Book “Virtualization Guide” and in particular, to the following sections: Book “Virtualization Guide”, Chapter 1 “Virtualization Technology”, Section 1.2 “Virtualization Capabilities” Book “Virtualization Guide”, Chapter 1 “Virtualization Technology”, Section 1.3 “Virtualization Benefits” This best practice guide will provide advice for making the right choice in your environment. It will recommend or discourage the usage of options depending on your workload. Fixing conguration issues and performing tuning tasks will increase the performance of VM Guest's near to bare metal. 2 Before You Apply Modifications 2.1 Back Up First Changing the conguration of the VM Guest or the VM Host Server can lead to data loss or an unstable state. It is really important that you do backups of les, data, images, etc. before making any changes. Without backups you cannot restore the original state after a data loss or a misconguration. Do not perform tests or experiments on production systems. -
Virtualization
Virtualization Rich Jones & Mark McLoughlin 2009-06-27 @ 11:00 What? ● Guest virtual machines ● Run multiple OSes on a single host ● Support from modern hardware Why? ● Test rawhide ● Play with other distros ● Run windows ● Server consolidation ● Migration How? ● yum groupinstall Virtualization ● virt-manager Previously - Xen ● Standalone hypervisor ● Paravirtualization ● Dom0 not upstream Now - KVM ● kvm.ko ● VM is just a process ● Uses Intel VT or AMD SVM ● Paravirt too ● Simple, secure, fast Cool Features ● Save/restore ● Live migration ● PCI/USB device assignment ● Swapable guest memory ● Ballooning ● KSM libvirt ● A VM management API ● e.g. list VMs, start/stop VM ● XML format to describe VMs ● Hypervisor independent - KVM, Xen, LXC, VirtualBox, UML, ESX, ... libvirt – There's More ● Storage and networking management too – Storage pools and volumes – Virtual networks – Host network interface configuration ● Remote management ● Language bindings – C, Python, Perl, Ruby, OCaml, Java, C# Virtual Machine Manager ● Simple UI ● Easy to create a VM ● Monitoring ● Hotplug ● Remote management virt-install ● Kick off a guest install from the command line $> virt-install -n MyGuest -m 512 \ --disk pool=default,size=8 \ --network:default \ -l http://download.fedoraproject.org/.../x86_64/os Misc. Tools ● virt-clone/virt-image/virt-convert ● xenner – run Xen guests in KVM ● virt-top – 'top' for VMs ● virt-ps/virt-uname/virt-dmesg – poke VMs Get Involved ● list: [email protected] ● http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Virtualization ● #virt on irc.oftc.net -
Ubuntu Server Guide Basic Installation Preparing to Install
Ubuntu Server Guide Welcome to the Ubuntu Server Guide! This site includes information on using Ubuntu Server for the latest LTS release, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa). For an offline version as well as versions for previous releases see below. Improving the Documentation If you find any errors or have suggestions for improvements to pages, please use the link at thebottomof each topic titled: “Help improve this document in the forum.” This link will take you to the Server Discourse forum for the specific page you are viewing. There you can share your comments or let us know aboutbugs with any page. PDFs and Previous Releases Below are links to the previous Ubuntu Server release server guides as well as an offline copy of the current version of this site: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa): PDF Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver): Web and PDF Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus): Web and PDF Support There are a couple of different ways that the Ubuntu Server edition is supported: commercial support and community support. The main commercial support (and development funding) is available from Canonical, Ltd. They supply reasonably- priced support contracts on a per desktop or per-server basis. For more information see the Ubuntu Advantage page. Community support is also provided by dedicated individuals and companies that wish to make Ubuntu the best distribution possible. Support is provided through multiple mailing lists, IRC channels, forums, blogs, wikis, etc. The large amount of information available can be overwhelming, but a good search engine query can usually provide an answer to your questions. -
The Open Virtual Machine Format Whitepaper for OVF Specification
The Open Virtual Machine Format Whitepaper for OVF Specification version 0.9 OVF Whitepaper 0.9 VMware, Inc. 3401 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto CA, 94304 USA Tel 877-486-9273 Fax 650-427-5001 www.vmware.com XenSource, Inc. 2300 Geng Road, Suite 2500, Palo Alto, CA 94303 www.xensource.com Copyright © VMware, Inc. and XenSource, Inc. All rights reserved. VMware, the VMware “boxes” logo and design, Virtual SMP and VMotion are registered trademarks or trademarks of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. Xen, XenSource, the “Circle Xen” logo and derivatives thereof are registered trademarks or trademarks of XenSource, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Microsoft, Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. No part of this specification (whether in hardcopy or electronic form) may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of VMware, Inc. (VMware), and XenSource, Inc. (XenSource) except as otherwise permitted under copyright law or the terms of that certain Teaming and Non-Disclosure Agreement between VMware and XenSource dated March 23, 2007, as amended from time to time. Please note that the content in this specification is protected under copyright law even if it is not distributed with software -
FVD: a High-Performance Virtual Machine Image Format for Cloud
FVD: a High-Performance Virtual Machine Image Format for Cloud Chunqiang Tang IBM T.J. Watson Research Center [email protected] http://www.research.ibm.com/people/c/ctang/ Note: This paper describes the copy-on-write, copy- 1 Introduction on-read, and adaptive prefetching capabilities of FVD. The compact image capability of FVD is described Cloud Computing is widely considered as the next big separately in a companion paper entitled “Compact thing in IT evolution. In a Cloud like Amazon EC2 [1], Image Support in Fast Virtual Disk (FVD)”, which the storage space for virtual machines’ virtual disks can is available at https://researcher.ibm.com/ be allocated from multiple sources: the host’s direct- researcher/view project.php?id=1852 attached storage (DAS, i.e., local disk), network-attached storage (NAS), or storage area network (SAN). These op- Abstract tions offer different performance, reliability, and avail- ability at different prices. DAS is at least several times This paper analyzes the gap between existing hyper- cheaper than NAS and SAN, but DAS limits the avail- visors’ virtual disk capabilities and the requirements in ability and mobility of VMs. a Cloud, and proposes a solution called FVD (Fast Vir- tual Disk). FVD consists of an image format and a To get the best out of the different technologies, a block device driver designed for QEMU. Despite the ex- Cloud usually offers a combination of block-device stor- istence of many popular virtual machine (VM) image age services to VMs. For instance, Amazon Web Ser- formats, FVD came out of our unsatisfied needs in the vices (AWS) [2] offers to a VM both ephemeral storage IBM Cloud. -
An Updated Overview of the QEMU Storage Stack
An Updated Overview of the QEMU Storage Stack Stefan Hajnoczi ± [email protected] Open Virtualization IBM Linux Technology Center 2011 Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. The topic ● What is the QEMU storage stack? ● Configuring the storage stack ● Recent and future developments – “Cautionary statement regarding forward- looking statements” QEMU and its uses ● “QEMU is a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer” – http://www.qemu.org/ ● Emulation: – For cross-compilation, development environments – Android Emulator, shipping in an Android SDK near you ● Virtualization: – KVM and Xen use QEMU device emulation Storage in QEMU ● Devices and media: – Floppy, CD-ROM, USB stick, SD card, harddisk ● Host storage: – Flat files (img, iso) ● Also over NFS – CD-ROM host device (/dev/cdrom) – Block devices (/dev/sda3, LVM volumes, iSCSI LUNs) – Distributed storage (Sheepdog, Ceph) QEMU -drive option qemu -drive if=ide|virtio|scsi, file=path/to/img, cache=writethrough|writeback|none|unsafe ● Storage interface is set with if= ● Path to image file or device is set with path= ● Caching mode is set with cache= ● More on what this means later, but first the picture of the overall storage stack... The QEMU storage stack Application ·Application and guest kernel work similar to bare metal. File system & block layer ·Guest talks to QEMU via Driver emulated hardware. Hardware emulation ·QEMU performs I/O to an image file on behalf of the Image format (optional) guest. File system & block layer ·Host kernel treats guest I/O like any userspace Driver application. Guest QEMU Host Seeing double ● There may be two file systems.