bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:57 Page 783

INDEX

5-HTTLPR gene 37 sexual behavior 686–8 alarm calls in mammals 48–9 in Samoa 684–5 Ali, M. 281, 282, 283 Abecassis, M. 189 ‘storm and stress’ hypothesis Allen, M. 51 Abelson, R.P. 495 652, 671–5, 677–80 alliteration 414, 420–4, 425 Aber, J. 214 television 271–2 Alloway, T. 473 Aboud, F. 224, 225 see also delinquency Almeida, D.M. 675 abuse see child abuse adoptees study 618–21 Al-Owidha, A. 674 accommodation in cognitive adoption studies 34–5, 350 altruistic behavior 57, 58, 294, development 445, 446 Romanian adoptees 618–21 295–6, 297, 298–9, 301–4 active 467–8 Adult Attachment Interview Alvarez, A. 257 Adams, R. 354, 385 (AAI) 120, 121–4 ambivalent/resistant attachment adaptation in cognitive adult-child speech 435–8 type 110, 111, 121, 179 development 445, 446 advergames 281–4 American adaptive behavior 57, 85 advertising 280–7 Association (APA) 281 addition problems/strategies children’s of amniotic sac 81 483–4, 485–6 281 amodal 400 ADHD 63–4 effects on children 284 Anderson, C.A. 271, 275, 276 adolescence 651–92 product placements 281–4 Anderson, D.R. 266, 267, 273, Adult Attachment Interview, unhealthy food products 280 274, 364 120, 121–3 aggressive behavior 342–6 Anderson, J.W. 108 aggression and popularity developmental changes 345–7 Andrade, J. 473 177–8 genetic factors 350–1 androgen hormone 218 bedtime and sleep patterns 677 in infants 347 anger 201–2 biological and physical intervention strategies animal behavior 43–55 changes 652–9 311–14, 356–7 communication systems 48–9 cognitive changes 665–6 maladaptive 347 imprinting 45–6, 125 cross-cultural studies 684–6 neighborhood factors 354–5 investigations 20 dominance in 178 parents and 352–3 linked to human behavior 55 friendship 185–7 peers and 353–4 songbird behavior 43 group activity 169–70 in play fighting 231, 236 thinking and intelligence 50–4 historical changes 686–92 playground, conflict Anisfeld, E. 153 identity development 673–5 resolution in 311–14 Anso, D. 41 leisure activities 687–90 and prosocial behavior, 299, anthropology 64–7, 217, 660, lesbian and gay identity 670–1 301, 307, 308 668, 684–5 maturation rates 655–7, 666–9 and sociometric status 177, antisocial behavior high and delinquency in girls 178, 341, 342 aggression 350–1 667–8 and street children 625–7 see also aggressive behavior; mental health 690–2 COPYRIGHTEDand television viewing 270–1 MATERIALcriminal behavior; mood disruption 677–80 types of 343–5 delinquency and parenting styles 141–2 and violence in environment apes see monkeys and apes peer relations 170, 680–3 626 Apgar, V. 88 psychological effects of war toys and war play debate Apgar score 88 puberty 659–66 243–4, 252 appearance-reality distinction relations with parents 663, see also antisocial behavior; 522, 529 675–7, 684, 686 bullying; delinquency Appel, M.H. 343 risk behavior 680–3 Ainsworth, Mary D.S. 109, 110, arbitrary intermodal perception, sexual risk 669, 684–5 112, 116, 124 400–1 rituals of 660–661, 684–5 Aisbett, K. 276 Archer, S.L. 675 sexual and romantic Aitken, K.J. 99 Arey, L.B. 34 development 669–71 Aka pygmie 134–5 Aries, Philippe 652 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:58 Page 784

784 INDEX

Arnett, J. 659, 673, 677, 682, environmental influences Barnes, J. 640 683, 685–6, 687 399–400 Baron-Cohen, S. 81, 518, 532, Aronson, E. 573 intermodal perception 533–4, 536, 538, 539, Arsenault, L. 365 400–1 540–1 Arsenio, W.F. 176 Auerbach, J.G. 37 Barone, P. 205 Arterberry, M.E. 384, 385 authoritarian parenting 141, 142 Barr, R. 451 Asher, S.R. 176, 177, 179, authoritative parenting 141, 142 Barrera, M. 386, 387, 389 188–9, 191 autism Barrett, M. 225 Aslin, R.N. 384, 394, 398 DSM-IV criteria 532 Barrett, M.D. 404, 413–15, Asperger, H. 532 and theory of mind 532–8 415–16, 435 Asquith, S. 329 false-belief tasks 535–8, Barry, H. I. 65 assimilation in cognitive 539–40 Barry, H. III 217, 652, 668, 669, development 445, 446 see also savants 670, 684 association studies 37 ‘autistic aloneness’ 532 Bar-Tal, D. 300 ‘associative’ activity 169 autonomous attachment type Bartini, M. 177, 342 Astington, J.W. 529 120, 121, 122, 127 Bartsch, K. 528 Atkinson, J. 384 Auty, S. 281, 282 Bates, J.E. 364 Atkinson, R.C. 45, 49, 473, 474 Auyeung, B. 81, 82 Bateson, P. 16 Atkinson, R.L. 45, 49 average peer status 172 Bateson, P.P.G. 46 attachment 108–25 Avezier, O. 120, 127 Baudonniere, P.M. 161 Adult Attachment Interview avoidant attachment type 110, Bauer, N.S. 368 120, 121–4, 127 111, 112, 113–15, 118, Baumeister, R.F. 354 and care outside the family 121, 122 Baumrind, Diana 141, 142, 130–4 Axelrod, J.L. 178 148, 154 causes of 116–17 Axline, Virgina 257 Bavarian longitudinal study and child abuse 151–2 Azmitia, M. 181 92–5 in childhood 118–20 Bavelier, D. 275 critiques of attachment babbling in infants 96, 408–9 Bechevalier, J. 380 paradigm 124 babies see infants Beckett, C. 618, 620, 621 divorce and step-parenting Bacue, A. 268 befriending programs in 139–40 Baddeley, A. 473 schools 309 environmental influences Badian, N.A. 424 Begley, A. 39 116–17 Baer, J.C. 117 behavior categories 16 and family members 134–9 Bagwell, C.L. 180, 181, 189 behavior genetics, 33–6, 154 genetic influence 116 Bahrick, L.E. 400 attachment type 116 Maternal Deprivation Baillargeon, R. 390–2, 395, group socialization theory 192 Hypothesis 73, 124–7 450, 523 heritability of temperament models of parenting 152–4 Bakeman, R. 671 102, 350–1 object of attachment 109–10 Baker, A. 610 behavioral development and prosocial behavior 295 Baker-Sennett, J. 70 flexibility 42, 43–5, 46, 64 security of attachment 110–12 Baker-Ward, L. 507, 508 nature-nurture debate 41–55 types of attachment 110–11 Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J. rigidity 42, 43–5 stability of types 121–4 120, 153 see also animal behavior transference over balance scale task 478–83, 484 behavioral ecology 32 generations 123–4 Baldwin, D.A. 204 behavioral problems attainment tests 602, Balle-Jensen, L. 683 and attachment type 117 604–6, 636 Baltes, Paul B. 7, 9, 12, 605 of Down’s syndrome Attar-Schwartz, S. 139 Bandura, A. 220, 223, 271 children 39 deficit hyperactivity Banham, J. 496 genetic influence 350–1 disorder 63–4 Banks, N. 623 in gifted children 603 attention strategies 487–8 Baratz, J.C. 635 and institutional care 128–9 auditory perception Baratz, S.S. 635 and parental conflict 141–2 of Down’s syndrome Barber, B. 689 and separation experience children 39 Bar-Heim, Y. 121 125–6 of fetus 82, 397 Barkow, J. 90 see also aggressive behavior of infants 82, 95, 397–400 Barn, R. 633 belief-desire psychology 528 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:58 Page 785

INDEX 785

beliefs 512–13 Blatchford, P. 367 Broadfoot, P.M. 590 see also false-belief behavior Bleuler Laboratory 442, 443 Brody, G.H. 355 Bellugi, U. 427 blind children: language Bronfenbrenner, Urie 6, 10–12, Belsky, J. 111, 131, 133, 152, development 438 15, 22, 605, 643 153, 622, 640, 641, 642, Blos, Peter 671–2, 684 ecological model of 643, 658, 659 Blurton Jones, N. 343 development 10–12, 611 Bem, S.L. 216, 222 Boas, Franz 684 ecological validity 15 Ben Shaul, D.M. 89 Bober, M. 688 Brooks, P.J. 429, 434 Benedict, Ruth 65, 684 Boden, M.A. 443 Brooks-Gunn, J. 199, 200 Bennathan, M. 634 Boesch, C. 50, 54 Brown, A.L. 494–5 Bennett, M. 225 Boislard, M.-A. 669 Brown, B.B. 670 Bennett, N. 573 Bond, M.H. 142 Brown, G.W. 134 Berdondini, L. 366, 573 bonding 100–1 Brown, Gordon 24 Bergen, D. 243 Boot, W.R. 275 Brown, J.D. 269 Berk, L. 347 Booth, R. 244 Brown, J.R. 524 Berkowitz, L. 271 Booth-LaForce, C.L. 111 Brown, R. 427, 428, 429 Berndt, T.J. 183, 354, 681 Borch, C. 178 Brown, R.A.J. 566 Bernstein, M. 594 Borge, A.I.H. 132, 133, 352 Browne, K. 150, 151 Berry, G.L. 269, 270 Borke, H. 207, 452, 453–5 Bruck, M. 497, 498, 503 Berry, J. W. 600 Bornstein, M.H. 102 Brumariu, L.E. 118 Berry, P. 39 Borzekowski, D.L.G. 288 Bruner, Jerome 98, 413, 419, Bevc, I. 59 Bos, H.M.W. 140 544, 553–69, 572 Bhavnani, R. 251 Bosacki, S.L. 308 influence of 553–68 bias in study methods 20 Boulton, M.J. 226–7, 236, 308, on language development 413, Bickerton, D. 430, 431 341, 364, 365 419 Bigelow, B.J. 182, 183 Bower, T.G.R. 392–3, 450 on play 249, 250 Binet, A. 582–4, 599, 602 Bowes, L. 364 ‘scaffolding’ concept Binet Laboratory 442 Bowlby, John 73, 108–9, 118, 554–6, 568 Binet-Simon scale 582–5 124–7, 192, 616 structure in education 569 biological theories of Maternal Deprivation Bryant, P. 420, 421, 422, 423, development 31–73 Hypothesis 73, 124–7 424, 425, 460 evolutionary theories 56–64 Bowman, T.G. 39 BSD theory of puberty 659 genetics 32–9 Boxall, M. 634 Buber, I. 138 nature and nurture debate Braddick, O.J. 384 Buchanan, C.M. 664 41–55 Bradley, L. 420, 421, 422, 423, Buckhalt, J.A. 490, 491 perception 378–9 424, 425 Buhs, E.S. 191 bipedalism 86 Bradshaw, J. 25, 26, 27 Buijzen, M. 280 birds brain 39–41 Buis, J.M. 666 imprinting 45–6, 125 functional areas 40 Bukowski, W.M. 184, 189 songbird behavior 43 development at puberty 664–5 Bulger, Jamie 329 birth canal size 86 of monkeys and apes 47, 56 Bullough, V.L. 656 birth order 168 of primates at birth 86 bullying 227, 357–72 birth process 86–8 Brainerd, C.J. 474–6 causes 364–5 father’s presence 86, 135 Braithwaite, J. 367 consequences of victimization interaction after birth Bratton, S. 257 365–6 87–8, 117 Breakwell, G.M. 687 cyberbullying 264, 362–3 birthweight: low birthweight breastfeeding 89–90 data gathering on 358–61 babies 90–2 breech birth 88 incidence 363–4 Bjorklund, D.F. 63, 250, 254, Brenner, J. 161 interventions against 366–8 341, 488, 490, 492, 494 Bretherton, I. 118, 124 prosocial behavior 308–9 Bjorkqvist, K. 311, 344, 345 Brewer, M.B. 225 school-based intervention Black, M.M. 153 British Ability Scales II 585 programs 368–9 Black, P. 604 British Psychological Society structural features 363–4 Blades, M. 280, 496, 505 ethical principles 20–1 types 358, 361–2 Blakemore, S.-J. 40, 664 broad socialization 682, 685–6 types of victims of 358 Blass, E.M. 96 Broad, B. 137, 138 Burghardt, G. 249 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:58 Page 786

786 INDEX

Burman, E. 22, 72, 73 Carter, C.A. 504 Chomsky, Noam 225, Burr, V. 71 cartoon test of bullying 359–61 427–30, 435 Burt, Sir Cyril 21, 590 case studies 17 Choudhury, S. 664 Bushman, B.J. 271 Case, R. 476, 477 Christensen, P. 18 Buss, D.M. 59 Caspi, A. 103, 350, 351, 667 chromosomes 32–3, 38–9, 81 Bussey, K. 223 Cassidy, J. 118 abnormalities 38, 85 Butchart, A. 149 categorical perception in infants Chukovsky, K. 242, 421 Butterworth, G. 98, 555 398, 530 Cicirelli, V.C. 164, 168 Byers, J.A. 250 Cater, S. 642 Cillessen, A.H.N. 16, 172, Byrne, R. 51, 52, 512 Cawson, P. 146, 149 176, 178 Cazden, C.B. 429 Ciole, C.F. 267 Cabrera, N.J. 135, 140 Ceaucescu, Nicolae 618 citizenship education 24, 332 Cairns, Ed 625–7 Ceci, S.J. 12, 22, 497, 498–503, Clabby, J.F. 214 Cairns, Robert 172, 353 504 Clark, A.H. 170, 171 calendar date calculators 596–9 cell structure 32 Clarke, A. & A. 124 Calkins, S.D. 301 Chakroff, J.L. 288 Clarke, L. 139 Call, J. 54 Chan, A. 184, 187 Clarke-Stewart, A. 131 callous-unemotional (CU) traits Chan, K. 280 class inclusion tasks 456, 459 351–2 Chan, R.W. 140 Clay, M. 424 Calvert, S.L. 283–4, 287 Chandler, M.J. 527–8 Clegg, Nick 24 Camodeca, M. 364 Changing Childhood in a Clements, W. 523 Campbell, D.T. 14 Changing Europe 24 ‘Clever Hans’ effect 17, 49 Campos, J. 201, 396 Chapman, E. 81, 82 Clifford, B. 265 canalization of behavior 44, Charlton, T. 262 clinical interview 443 45, 64 Charman, T. 538, 539 Closson, L.M. 178 attachment development 109 Charness, N. 599 co-viewing 288 emotional development 202 Chen, X. 102, 142, 167, 179, 180 code switching 193 language development 64 Cheney, D.L. 48, 50 Coe, C.L. 82 prenatal development 81 Cherlin, A.J. 143 cognitive development 28, 222–3 Cantor, J. 288 Chess, S. 101, 102 in adolescence 665–6 Caplan, N. 632, 633, 644 Chi, M.T.H. 494 information processing caregiver-infant interaction child abuse 146, 148–52 approach 175–6, 88–9, 95–101, 116–17, children’s testimony 505–8 471–509, 595–6 407 see also deprivation and moral reasoning 318–28 and language development neglect Piaget’s theory 431–2, 441–68 435–7 child care 109–10, 130–9 and play 250–1, 254 see also attachment child-centered learning 444, of premature children 90–2 caregivers other than mother 467–8 sex-role identification 222–3 109–10, 130–40 childhood as social construction sociocultural model 65–6, see also institutional care; 71–3 545–51 step-parents childminding 130–40 Vygotsky’s theory 544–53 Carlile of Berwick, Lord 24, Children Act (England and see also intelligence; language 330, 331 Wales) (1991) 22–3, 133 development; learning; Carlini-Marlatt, B. 138 children perception; social Carlo, G. 294, 295, 299 as researchers 18–19, 566–8 cognitive theory; theory Carlson, E.A. 118 rights of 22–5, 71 of mind Carlson, S.M. 251 Children’s Behavior cognitive immaturity hypothesis Carlsson-Paige, Nancy 243 Questionnaire 102 254 Caron, A.J. 393 Children’s Commission 23 cognitive interviews 505–6 Carpendale, J. 525, 527–8 children’s homes see cognitive neuroscience 39–41 Carraher, D.W. 572 institutional care Cohn, D.A. 191 Carraher, Nunes 569–72, Children’s Rights Alliance for cohort designs 9–10 599–600 England (CRAE) 23–4 cohort-sequential designs 10 Carroll, A. 354 Children’s Society 24 Coie, J.D. 172, 174, 175, 176, Carroll, J.B. 592 chimpanzees 47–54, 55, 512 177, 191 Carskadon, M.A. 677 Chisholm, J. 111 Colby, Anne 326, 327 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:58 Page 787

INDEX 787

cold 364 context see environmental creativity and play 250, 251 Cole, M. 112, 544, 548–9, 566, influences; sociocultural Creche studies 617–18 574, 578 context Creole languages 430–1 Cole, Michael 65–6, 67 context-bound words 415 Crick, N.R. 176, 344, 347 Coleman, J.C. 681 context dependent learning 193 criminal behavior Coleman, L. 642 contextual subtheory of age of moral responsibility Collaer, M.L. 219, 246 intelligence 595 329–30 collective argumentation, 563–6 contingent responsiveness 97–8 and bullying 366, 367 Collins, C. 149 control group 14 as environmental influence Collishaw, S. 151, 152, 691 control in research 12–15 350 color detection 385 controversial peer status 172, heritability 352 colostrum and denial of 90 177–8 and peer acceptance 188–9 Colwell, J. 276 Convention on the Rights of the and television/video violence common-sense beliefs 27 Child, UN 22, 24 273, 274 Communication Hypothesis 114 conventional morality 323, 324 see also delinquency communication systems in conversation see discourse skills criterion-referenced tests 605 mammals 48–9, 52–3 Conway, B.E. 594 critical periods see sensitive community effects 192 Cook, T.D. 14 periods community of inquiry 566–8 cookie sales by Girl Scouts Crittenden, P.M. 151, 152 compensation 457–8, 459, 462 67–70, 561–2 Croft, C.M. 116 compensatory education Coolican, H. 19 Cromer, R.F. 432 programs 10, 616, 634–43 Cooper, C. 592 Crook, C. 574 evaluation of 635–8, 643–4 Cooper, P. 634 cross-sectional designs 6, 10 componential subtheory of cooperation 169 crying in infants 96 intelligence 595 cooperative play 180–1, 221 Csibra, G. 55, 95 computational modeling 41 and ethnic prejudice 226 Cullingford, C. 271 computer-assisted learning see also prosocial behavior cultural learning 55 (CAL) 574–6 Cooperative Group Work cultural-ecological models of computer games 244, 275–6 (CGW) 226, 551, 573–4 development 64–7 conception 80 coordination of secondary culture and development conceptual change 555, 556–60 circular reactions 447, 64–7, 103 concrete operational 448 cultural differences 32 development 444, 445, Coppotelli, H. 172, 174, 175 adolescence 682–3 462–3, 464 ‘co-regulation’ of interactions 99 cognitive ability 545–51 concurrent validity 589–90 correlation analyses 13, 251–2 concepts of intelligence conditioning technique 383 correlational study 271–3 599–601 conflict Costabile, A. 236, 243 institutional care 617–21 in animals 58 Cote, J.E. 675 moral reasoning 327–8 in siblings 164–5 Cot^ e, S.M. 346, 347 pretend play 238–40 conflict resolution in schools Council of Europe 24 prosocial behavior 315–17 309, 311–14 counseling in schools 309–10 sex differences and gender Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia counting strategies 483–4, 485–6 identity 217, 684 (CAH) 218 Courage, M.L. 510 strange situation tests Connolly, J.A. 251 Cowan, F.M. 686 112–15 4 Cowan, N. 473, 510 language development 430–1, conservation accidents 459, Cowan, P. 166 438 460–2 Cowen, E.L. 188 risk behavior in adolescence conservation tasks 456–8, 459, Cowie, H. 18, 214, 226, 227, 669, 680–1, 686–9 460–2 299, 309, 310, 330, social constructionism 32, Consortium of Longitudinal 332, 366, 367, 573, 71–3 Studies 635, 636, 637–9 577, 628 Cummings, E.M. 142, 343 construction grammar 432–5 Coyle, T.R. 492 Cummings, H.M. 276 constructive 494–7 Craig, W. 308 Cunningham, C.E. 311, 314, 367 constructive play 234, 236, 243, Craig, W.M. 170, 358 Cunningham, L.J. 314 248, 250, 251 Crawford, K. 576 curriculum control 606 content validity 589 Crawley, A.M., 265 Curtiss, S. 614–15 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:58 Page 788

788 INDEX

Curtner-Smith, M.E. 364 deprivation and neglect 610–21 lack of, in Samoa 684–5 ‘cute’ facial stimuli 56 effects of institutional care parenting styles 141 cyberbullying 264 616–21 discourse skills 416–20 extreme 611–16 adult-child speech 435–8 Dalgleish, T. 503 resilience of children 618–21, pre-speech conversations Daly, M. 59, 89, 151 628, 629–30 435–6 Damon, W. 326 see also disadvantaged dishabituation technique, 382, Daniels, D. 36 children 389, 400 Daniels, H. 55 395–6 Dishion, T.J. 353, 354 Danker-Hopfe, H. 656 Derrington, C. 623 dismissive attachment type 120, Danner, F.W. 465, 466 Descartes, Rene 379 121, 122 Darling, N. 142 design studies 6–12 disorganized attachment type Darlington, R. 635, 636, 637–9 ‘desire for sameness’ in autism 37, 110, 111, 114, 115, Darwin, Charles 5, 56, 57, 532 117–18 168, 202 desire psychology 528–9 Dittmar, H. 269 D’Augelli, A.R. 671 development 6–7 divorce 139, 140, 143–5 Davey, A. 225 developmental neuroscience dizygotic twins 34 Davies, G. 149 39–41 Dmitrieva, J. 133 Davies, G.M. 503 developmental niche theory 67 DNA (deoxyribonucleic add) Davies, P.T. 142 : 32, 36–8 Davis, A. 467 deconstruction of 72–3 Dockett, S. 256 Davis, L.S. 48 deviant behavior deviant Dodge, K.A. 172, 174, 175, 176, Davis, S. 225 (delinquent) peer groups 344, 347, 364 Davis-Kean, P.E. 215 352, 353, 355–6, 667–8 Dogon people 112–15 Day, M.C. 465, 466 and street children 625–7 Doherty, M.J. 524, 525, 531 day care 108, 130–5 see also delinquency Doherty-Sneddon, G. 409 de Haan, M. 382, 389 DeVos, J. 450 Doise, W. 331, 332, 577 De Lisi, R. 275 Dex, S. 103 dominance 340–2 De Wolff, M.S. 111, 115, 116 diagnostic tests 605 in older children 341–2 Deater-Deckard, K. 188, 189 Diamond, A. 37, 41 in peer relations 178 DeCasper, A.J. 83, 397, 398 diary method 16, 202 in younger children 340–1 decentration 237 Dias, M.G. 255 dominance hierarchy 340, 341–2 deception Dibble, J.L. 275 Domino, G. 589 animal behavior 51–3, 512 Dietz, T.L. 268 Domino, M.L. 589 emotional deception 206–7 ‘difficult’ babies 101, 102 Donaldson, M. 452, 459, 460–2, and false-belief behavior 512, DiPietro, J.A. 102 463, 472, 544, 569 526, 535 disadvantaged children Dooley, J.J. 362 levels of 52–3, 206 compensatory education dopamine 37–8 see also false-belief behavior programs 10, 616, double video (DV) live-replay deconstruction of 634–43 paradigm 98 developmental explanatory models 627–31 Douglas, J.W.B. 668 psychology 72–3 deficit model 627–8 Downey, D.B. 168 decontextualization 237–8 difference model 627–8 Down’s syndrome 38–9, Dekovic, M. 141 extreme deprivation and 85, 533 del Rey, R. 369 neglect 610–16 Downs, A.C. 221 delinquency 36, 126, 136, 340, family interventions 632–4 Doyle, A.B. 225, 251 347, 353, 355–6 institutional care 616–21 Dozier, M. 116 in adolescent girls 667–8 nurture groups (NGs) 634 Drabman, R.S. 271 risk factors 355–6 protective factors 629–31 dramatic play see sociodramatic and street children 625–7 resilience of 618–21, 628, play see also risk behavior 629–30 DRD4 gene 37 Demo, D.H. 675 risk factors 629–31 Drew, L.M. 139 Dench, G. 137, 138, 139 social disadvantage 621–7 Dromi, E. 409 Denham, S.A. 208 discipline Drotner, K. 287 Dennis, W. 617–18, 621 harsh physical punishment drugs: prenatal risk 85 dependent variables 15 146–8 Drumm, P. 49 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:58 Page 789

INDEX 789

Dunedin Multidisciplinary Effective Provision of Pre- strategies 474, 475, Health and Development school Education (EPPE) 488–90, 491 Study 8, 103, 667 641 elaboration 489–90, 491 Dunham, Y. 226 Eggleston, J. 622 organization 489, 491 Dunlop, I.C. 668 egocentric empathy 299 rehearsal 488–9, 491 Dunn, Judy 13, 137, 146, 162, egocentrism Endresen, I.M. 315, 364 163, 164, 165, 216, 217, of adolescents 666, 685 enemies 190 244, 294, 305, 307, 308, in Piaget’s theory 248, 443–4, energetics theory of puberty 658 524, 555 452, 466, 552 Engel, S. 419 Dunne, E. 573 Ehly, S. 573 English and Romanian Dunphy, D.C. 170 Ehrhardt, A.A. 218 Adoptees (ERA) study Durkin, Kevin 264, 276, 294, Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Irenaus. 56, 161 618–21 689 Eifermann, R. 170 enmeshed attachment type 120, Durrant, J.E. 148 Eimas, P.D. 398 121, 122 DVDs, learning from 266–7 Eisen, M.L. 498 enrichment interventions 634–43 Dye, H.B. 616 Eisenberg, N. 295, 296, 297, 301, compensatory education dyslexia 424–6, 602 302, 310, 316 programs 10, 616, 634–43 Dyson-Hudson, N. 663 Eisenberg-Berg, N. 300 family role 632–4 elaboration memory strategy in institutional care 616 Eals, M. 63 489–90, 491 environment of evolutionary early bonding hypothesis Elbers, E. 566, 567, 568, 576 adaptedness 63 100–1 11-plus examination 591 environmental influences Earth: children’s conceptions, Elgar, F.J. 360, 364 34–6, 154 557–60 Elias, M.J. 214 on adolescent maturation ‘easy’ babies 101, 103 Elkind, David 666 rates 655, 666–9 echolalia 408–9, 532 Ellie the elephant Coke test on aggressive behavior ecological model of 207, 525 350, 365 development 10–12, Elliot, C.D. 585 on attachment 116–17 65–7, 611 Ellis, B.J. 655, 658, 659 contextual subtheory of ecological validity 15, 54, 255 Ellis, S. 217 intelligence 595 Eddy, T.J. 53 embarrassment study 204–5 ecology of development 10–12 Edelman, M. 340, 341 embryonic stage 81, 85 group socialization theory Edey, M.A. 56 Emerson, P.E. 109 193–4 Education Act (1944) 591 Emler, N. 354 interaction with genotype education Emmerich W. 216 35–6 attainment measures 591, emotional contagion 299 nature-nurture debate 41–55 604–6, 636 emotional development 201–4 on perception 390–2, 399–400 citizenship education embarrassment study 204–5 on perinatal and psychosocial 24, 332 emotional deception 206–8 development 90–2 compensatory education emotional literacy schemes on prenatal development 85 programs 10, 616, 333–5 on twins 33–4 634–43, 643–4 of gifted children 603–4 violence 625–7, 644 early, lasting effects of 637–9 recognition of emotions see also disadvantaged and ethnic minorities 202–4 children; institutional 622–3, 627 and self- 198, 204 care; sociocultural influence of intelligence simulation 531–2 context testing, 590–1 social referencing 203 epigenetic landscapes 44 moral education 331–3 talking about emotions 206–8 epistemology 442 and Piaget’s theories 467–8 understanding emotions of Ericsson, K.A. 599 sex education, 682 others 203–5, 531–2 Erikson, Erik 672, 673, support for prosocial see also prosocial behavior 674–5, 684 behavior 309–10, 333–5 emotional literacy 333–5 Eron, L.D. 273 see also learning; schools empathy 295, 297, 299, 300, Espelage, D. 362 Educational Priority Area 302, 305 Espin, O.M. 673 Project 639 egocentric 299 Estes, D. 520–1 Edwards, C.P. 65, 200, 217 empiricism 378, 379 ethical issues in research 20–1 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:58 Page 790

790 INDEX

ethnic awareness, 224–6 falsification in science 28 fighting see aggressive behavior; ethnic diversity 226–7 familiarity 200 rough-and-tumble play ethnic identity 224–5 families/family members filial imprinting 45 ethnic preference 224–6 attachment relationship 134–9 first words 409–13 ethnicity and disadvantage interventions counter firstborn children and new 622–4, 628 disadvantage 632–4 sibling 162–3 ethnography 72 lesbian and gay parents 140 Fisch, S. 267, 288 ethology 56 mixed-race families 623–4 Fishbein, H.D. 44 European Science Foundation size 168 Fisher, C. 414 24 types of family 139–40 Fisher, R.P. 505, 506 Evans Schmidt, M. 268 see also parents; siblings Fivush, R. 496, 507 Every Child Matters 640 family studies 35–6 Flavell, J.H. 488, 489, 492, 522 evolution 55–64, 86 fantasy and discourse skills Florsheim, P. 353 evolutionary developmental 417–19 Flouri, E. 135, 136 psychology 32, 56, 63–4 see also pretend play Floyd, F.J. 671 evolutionary psychology 32, 56, Fantz, R.L.385, 386, 387, 388 Fogel, A. 99, 408 63–4, 658 Farrell, C. 687 Foley, M.A. 490, 504 evolutionary theories 32, Farrington, D.P. 330, 347, 353, Fonagy, P. 123 57–9, 207 355, 368, 631 Fonzi, A. 181, 360, 361 criticism of 64 Farroni, T. 389 food products, unhealthy 280 pregnancy sickness as 85 Fast Track project 356–7 Foot, H. 296, 309, 573, 577 examinations 591, 604–5 fathers formal operational 444, exercise play 233–4, 235 absentee fathers 136–7 445, 463–6 exosystems 11 attachment relationships 116, foster care and attachment 116, experience 120, 123, 134–7 125–7, 129 and memory development in divorce situations 144 Fouts, H.N.59, 61, 62 493–4 infant recognition 397 Fox, C. 364 and perception 378–9, 390–2 involvement in childcare Fox, N. 109 experiential subtheory of 135–6 Fraley, R.C. 111, 116, 121 intelligence 594 presence at birth 86, 135 France, A. 18 experimental studies 6–12, Fawcett, A.J. 425, 426 Frankel, M.T. 489, 491 14–15 Fein, G.G. 237 Franks, N.R. 49 of play 254–6 Feinberg, M.E. 36, 165 Fraser, C. 428 of prosocial behavior 297–9 Feinman, S. 203 fraternal twins 34 experimenter effects 17, 45, 255 Feiring, C. 203 Frederickson, N. 214 exploration behavior 232–3, 343 female genital cutting (FGC) 25 Freedman, Derek 219, 220 exterogestation 86 feminism: attachment theory Freeman, D, 685 extremely low birthweight critique 124 Freeman, J. 603 (ELBW) 90, 91 feral children 611–12 Freud, Sigmund 248–9, 671, 672 eyewitness research 507–8 Ferguson, C.J. 276 Frey, K.S. 214 suggestibility 498–508 Ferguson, D. 354 Frick, P.J. 351, 352 Ferguson, N. 139 friendship 180–91, 308, 309, 353, Fabes, R.A. 295, 310 Fergusson, D.M. 189 354, 365, 680 facial stimuli 56 Fernald, A. 437 characteristics 180–1 infant response 96, 385–9 Ferreiro, E. 420 conceptions 182–3 Fagan, J.F. 385, 387 Ferri, E. 145 importance of 187–91 Fagan, R.M. 230 fetal behavior and origins 182 Fagot, B.I. 221, 223 temperament 102 quality 184 Falbo, T. 138, 167 fetal learning 82, 87, 397 stability in 185–7 false-belief behavior 166, 512, fetal stage 81 see also peer relations 513–20, 528 field research 14, 15 Friendship Qualities Scale 184 and autism 535–8, 539–40 Field, J. 400 Frijters, S. 564, 565 and deception 512, 526, 535 Field, T. 187 Frisch, R.E. 657, 658 first-order beliefs 526–7, 539 Field, T. M. 389 Frith, U. 40, 519, 533, 535 second-order beliefs Fifer, W.P. 83, 84, 397–8 Froebel, Friedrich 247, 248 527, 539 Fife-Schaw, C. 687 Frosh, F. 217, 310 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:58 Page 791

INDEX 791

Fry, C.P. 315 genetics and genetic influences Goodman, G.S. 498, 505, 507 Fry, D.P. 315 32–9, 71 Goodnow, J.J. 304 Frydenberg, E. 628, 629 adolescent maturation rates Goossens, F.A. 364 functional magnetic resonance 656 Gordon, K. 671 imaging (fMRI) 40 aggression 350–1 Goren, C. 387 functional play 230, 234 attachment 116 Gorn, G. 270 Fundudis, T. 149 behavior see behavior genetics Gottman, J.M. 142 Fung, H. H.T. 240 child abuse 151 Gottman, John 182 Funk, J.B. 271, 275 group socialization theory 192 Gould, Stephen 20 Furman, W. 168, 189, 191 innate language hypothesis Graber, J. 668 Furnham, A. 210, 211, 214 427–30, 431, 432, 435, grandparents 137–9 Furrow, D. 437 438 Green, B. 250, 254 nature-nurture debate 41–55 Green, C.S. 275 Gabhainn, S.N. 19 premature babies 91–2 Green, J. 117 Gaines, C. 676 prenatal development 81 Greenberg, B.S. 269 Galambos, N.L. 675 sex differences 218 Greenberg, M.T. 214, 334, 335 Galen, B.R. 344 temperament 102, 351 Greenfield, P.M. 275, 556 Gallimore, R. 110 see also heritability Gregory, R.J. 584 Gallup, G.G. Jr. 51 ‘Genie’ 614–16 Greif, E.B. 325, 659, 660 Galton, Sir Francis 582, 591 genotype 32–3, 34, 36, 38, 41–2 Grieve, R. 504 Ganchrow, J.R. 201 genre 419 Griffin, P. 574 Garbarino, J. 625 Genta, M.L. 361 Grigorenko, E.L. 600 Garber, J. 659 Gentile, D.A. 275 Grodal, T. 275 Garcia, J. 47 Gergely, G. 55, 95 grooming 264 Garcia, J.F. 142 germinal stage 80–1 Groos, Karl 247–8 Gardner, B.T. 48–9 Gershoff, E.T. 147 Gross, M.U.M. 603, 604 Gardner, Dorothy 249 Gervai, J. 37 Grossen, M. 578 Gardner, H. 209, 592, Gest, S.D. 172 Grossman, C.D. 214 593, 599 379 Grossman, K.E. 112 Gardner, R.A. 48–9 gestation periods 86 Grotpeter, J.K. 344 Garvey, A. 408 Gibbs, J.C. 304 ‘group’ activity in school 169–70 Garvey, C. 243 Gibson, E.J. 395–6 group learning 572–4 Gaskins, S. 246 Gibson, K.R. 51 group socialization theory 36, Gatti, U. 356 gifted children 602–4 154, 192–4 gay identity 670–1 see also savants growth spurts 653 gay parents 140 Gil, D. 149 Gruber, H. 444 Ge, X. 668 Gill, K.L. 301 Gruendel, J.M. 495 Geary, D.C. 63 Gillborn, D. 623 Grusec, J.E. 294, 296, 297, 298, Geiselman, R.E. 505 Gilligan, Carol 326 300, 301, 304, 315, 317 Gelfand, D.M. 297 Gini, G. 365 Guerin, D. 350 gender constancy 216, 222 Ginsburg, H. 456 guided participation 67–70, gender identity Gipps, C. 623 561–3 infant recognition 200 Girl Scout cookie sales 67–70, Gunn, P.V. 39 sexual identity 215–18, 670–1, 561–2 Gunter, B.264, 268, 280, 281 673 Glaser, D. 111, 118, 149 Gure,€ A. 661, 662 see also sex differences Glaser, K. 137 Gustafson, K. 251, 253 gender identity disorder Gleitman, L.R. 413, 414, 437 (GID) 220 Golbeck, S.L. 130 Haas, L.134, 135 gender schemas 222–3 Goldberg, S. 100 habituation technique 382, gender stability 216 Goldsmith, D. 70 383, 393 gender stereotypes 216, 217, 222, Goldstein, J.H. 246 Haddon, L. 690 268–9 Goldwyn, R. 117 Hadow Report 591 in prosocial behavior 310 Goleman, E. 214, 333 Hadwin, J. 525–6 general intelligence 592 Golombok, S. 140, 215, 221 Hagan, I. 289 generative grammar 427–30 Golter, B.S. 191 Haight, W.L. 238, 240, 257 genes 32, 36–8 Goncu,€ A. 245 Hainline, L. 384, 385 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:58 Page 792

792 INDEX

Halford, J.C.G. 280 of temperament 34–5, 102, human ethology 56 Hall, G. Stanley 248 351 Human Genome Project 32, Halsey, A.H. 639 see also genetics and genetic 36–8 Halverson, C.F. Jr. 222, 223 influences human rights of children 22–5, Ham, M. 677 Hermann-Giddens, M. 656 71 Hamilton, W.D. 58 Hermelin, B. 598 humor in language play 242–3 Hanawalt, B.A. 652 Herold, E.S. 686 Humphrey, Nicholas 4, 206 Hand, M. 300 Herrmann, E. 55 Hunter, F.T. 680 Hank, K. 138 Hertz-Lazarowitz, R. 170, 309 hunter-gatherer environment 63 Hansen, D.J. 151 Hetherington, E.M. 36, 143, Hussey, J.M. 150 Hansen, K. 154 145, 347 Hust, S.J.T. 269 Happe, F. 533, 539, 541 Hewlett, B.S. 62, 135 Huston, A.C. 264, 265, 266 Harkness, S. 62, 70, 600 High Scope Project 562, 635 Hutt, Corinne 233, 251 Harlan, S. 130 high-density event-related Hwang, C.P. 135 Harlow, Harry F. 126 potentials (HD-ERPs) 40 Hwang, H.J. 137, 138 Harlow, Margaret 126 Hilden, K. 488 Hymel, S. 172, 178 Harnishfeger, K.K. 490 Hilgard, E.R. 45, 49 hypothalamus 654 Harris, H. 415 Hill, M. 71 hypotheses in science 27–8 Harris, J.R. 36 Hinde, R.A. 46 Harris, Judith 192, 193, 194 Hines, M. 215, 219, 221, 246 ICT 687–90 Harris, P. 255 Hinobayashi, T. 657 idealization of play 249 Harris, P.L. 255, 525, 531 Hird, M. 219 identical twins 33–4 Harris, Paul 204, 205, 206, Hirsch, D. 646 identity theft 264 211, 249 Hirschfeld, L.A. 225 identity Harris, T. 134, 154 Hirsh-Pasek, K. 414 crises in adolescence 673–5 Harrison, K. 269 historical influences 7–9 ethnic identity 224–5 Harrison, L. 130, 133 Hodges, E. 364 see also gender identity Harter Self-Perception Profile Hodges, J. 129 Idioma de Signos Nicaraguense for Children 215 Hogrefe, G. 521 (ISN) 431 Harter, S. 215, 683 Holahan, C.K. 602 idiots savants see savants Hartup, W.W. 180, 184, 187, Hollingworth, K. 135, 136 imaginary companion play 242 189 Hollos, M. 166 imitation Hasebrink, U. 690 Holocaust studies 123–4, 626 deferred imitation, 449, 451 Hastings, G. 280 hominid evolution 55–6, 63, 86 in infant behavior 98 Hauari, H. 135, 136 Hopmeyer, A. 178 in language development 429 Haviland, J.M. 202 hormones see sex hormones and television viewing 266 Hawaiian Creole 430–1 Horwood, L. 354 immigrant children: group Hawker, D.S.J. 365 hostile aggression 343 socialization theory 193 Hawley, P. 347, 349 hostile attribution bias 344 imprinting 45–6, 125 Hayden, C. 622, 628 Howard League for Penal in vitro fertilization 166 Hayes, A. 39 Reform 24 independent variables 15 Hayes, C. 51 Howard, S. 267 indirect aggression 311, 344, 345 Hayes, S. 269 Howe, C. 309, 315, 573 indirect socialization 221 Hayne, H. 266, 451 Howe, M.J.A. 596, 597–8, Infant Temperament Measure Health Behavior in School-age 599, 602 (ITM) 102 Children (HBSC) 25 Howe, N. 164, 165 infants Hearnshaw, L. 21, 590 Howes, C. 180, 181, 240, aggression in 342–3 Hedegaard, M. 550–1, 552 241, 250 attachment relationships Hefner, V. 269 Hubley, P. 99 108–29 helping others see prosocial Huesmann, L.R. 271, 274 caregiver-infant interaction behavior Huggins, M. 624 88–9, 95–101, 112, 407, Helwig, C.C. 322, 329 Hughes, C. 244 435–7 Hepper, P.G. 82, 83, 84, 397 Hughes, C.H. 539, 540 emotional development heritability 33–4, 36 Hughes, M. 504 201–4 of intelligence 21, 590–1 Hughes, P. 117 heart rate responses 383, 384, and perception 378–9 Hughes, R. 117 396, 397 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:59 Page 793

INDEX 793

perception 82–4, 95, 96, savants 596–9 Janson, S. 148 377–401 siblings and 168 Janssens, J.M.A.M. 141 study methods 379–84 in socio-cultural context Jaquette, D. 183 self-awareness 198–200, 210, 599–601 Jarrold, C. 250 214 see also cognitive Jastrow, J. 527 social behavior 95–101 development; mental jealousy of firstborn children infants, aggression 347 ability 162–3 information processing Intelligence Quotient (IQ) 584, Jenkins, E. 485–6 approach 471–509 602, 603 Jennifer, D. 18, 214, 332 eyewitness research 507–8 intelligence testing 582–91, 606 Jennifer, D. 309 intelligence testing 595–6 applications 601–4 Jensen, Arthur 635 limitations of children 474–6 early usage 590–1 Jersild, A.T. 343, 344 memory development 473–4, bias in 20 Jessel, J. 137 488–92 development of 582–9 Jiang, X. 172 metacognition 492–3 group testing 587–9 Jigsaw method 573–4 model of 472–4, 476 impact on education, 590–1 Jimerson, S.R. 358 and sociometric status 175–6 reliability and validity of Johanson, Donald 55, 56 stage-like performance in 589–90 Johnson, A.M. 686 476–88 intentionality in animal Johnson, C.I. 275 suggestibility 498–508 behavior 53, 54 Johnson, C.L.139 Ingram, D. 412 interactive specialization 41 Johnson, J.E. 251 Inhelder, B. 452, 453, 464, internal representations 447, Johnson, M.H. 40, 41, 387 475, 476 448–9 Johnson, M.K. 504 initiation ceremonies 663 internal working models 109, Johnson, S.P. 394, 395 innate language hypothesis 118–20, 123, 151 joint attention 544 427–30, 431, 432, 436 Internet Jones, A. 130 insecure attachment types advertisements 281– Jones, M.C. 667 109, 111 restrictive interventions 287–8 Jones, P.E. 616 instinct 43, 45, 49 stereotypes on 270 Joravsky, D. 545 see also canalization of intersexuality 219 Joshi, H. 103 behavior intersubjectivity of infants 99 Joshi, P. 287 institutional care interviews 16, 20 Joyner, M.H. 492 and attachment 125–6 cognitive interviews 505–6 Juang, L.P. 677 behavioral problems and Piaget’s clinical interview 443 Jusczyk, P.W. 398 128–9 see also eyewitness research enrichment programs 616 intuitive period 451, 455–8 Kagan, J. 102, 618 impact on development Ionnotta, J.G. 270 Kahane, T. 149 616–21 Ireland, J. 331 Kahr, B.E. 598 instrumental aggression 343–4 Irwin, D.E. 46 Kail, R. 321, 492, 496 intelligence 581–606 Isaacs, Susan 249 Kaluli people 438 attainment tests 602, Isle of Wight study 677–80 Kamei, N. 246 604–6, 636 ‘islets of ability’ 533 Kanner, L. 532 concepts and theories of Israeli kibbutzim 109, 120, 127 Kant, Immanuel 379 591–6 Kaplan, N. 118 of deprived children 611–16 Jacklin, C.N. 222 Karmiloff-Smith, A. 82, 84 of Down’s syndrome Jackson, B. 131 Katchadourian, H. 653, 654, 655 children 39 Jackson, J.P. 238 Katz, L. 142, 623 gifted children 602–4 Jackson, S. 131 Kauai study of disadvantaged heritability 21, 590–1 Jacobs, G.M. 366 children 629–30 and maturation rates of Jacobsen, T. 117 Kaye, K. 98, 99, 406, 408 adolescents 668–9 Jacobson, J.L. 200 Keefe, K. 354 measurement of 582–9 Jaffee, S.R. 136, 140 Keenan, E.O. 242 see also intelligence testing Jahoda, G. 463 Keeney, T.J. 491 in monkeys and apes 48–54 James, A. 71, 72 Kegl, J. 431 evolutionary advantage 207 James, William 378 Kellett, M. 19 and play 254 Janik, V. 48 Kellman, P.J. 384, 385, 394, 395 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:59 Page 794

794 INDEX

Kelly, D.J. 225 Krevans, J. 304 and theory of mind Kempe, C.H. 149 Kroonenberg, P.M. 112 development 524–5 Kemppinen, K. 116 Kruk, E. 139 and thinking 551–3, 576–7 Kendal, R.L. 48 Kuczaj II, S.A. 242 Vygotsky’s theory 551–3 Kendrick, Carol 13, 162, 163, Kuhl, P.K. 398, 399 see also speech 164, 307 Kuhn, B.R. 147 Lansford, J.E. 140, 145 Kennedy, C.A. 178 Kuhn, D. 124, 216, 218, 578 Lanthier, R. 168 Kennell, J.H. 100–1 Kuhn, Thomas 27, 28 Larson, R.W. 677, 687, 688 Kerns, K.A. 111, 118 Kumsta, R. 620 Larzelere, R.E. 147, 148 Ketcham, K. 503 Kunkel, D. 281 Laucht, M. 91 Ketron, J.L., 594 Kurtines, W. 325 Laursen, B. 677 kibbutzim: infant attachment Kurtz-Costes, B. 492 Lave, J. 556 109, 120, 127 Kusche, C.A. 335 Lavers, C.A. 137 Kiernan, K. 155 Kutnick, P. 181, 574 Lazar, I. 635, 636, 637–9 Kilburn, J. 276 leadership 170, 172–5, 178 Kim, Y.-S. 365 La Gaipa, J.J. 182, 183 leaf-clipping display in kin selection theory 58–9 Labov, W. 627 chimpanzees 50 kindergarten movement 247 Lacasa, P. 70 Leakey, Richard 55 King, R.A. 304 Ladd, G.W. 176, 184, 191, 365 Leaper, C. 221 Kingston, A. 181 Lahey, B.B. 347 learning disabilities: testing for Kinnaird, R. 130 Lakatos, K. 37, 118 602, 605 Kirby, P. 19 Laland, K.N. 48 learning theory 193, 232 Kirk, S.A. 617, 621 Lalonde, C.E. 399 learning Kirkorian, H.L. 267 Lamb, M.E. 62, 134, 135, 136, in animal behavior 43, 45–6 Kirwik, L. 274, 287 497, 498, 507 communication systems Kitzinger, C. 72, 219 Langlois, J.H. 177, 221 48–9, 50 Kitzmann, J. 167 language acquisition device child-centered learning 444, KiVa Koulu program 369 (LAD) 427–30 467–8 Klaus, M.H. 100–1 language development 64, definition 42 Kleimann, M. 279 404–39 as environmental influence 42 Klein, E. 242 areas of competence 404–5 fetal learning 82, 87, 397 Klinnert, M.D. 203 in autistic children 532 guided participation 68–70 Klinth, R. 135 categorization of sound 421–4 in human behavior 64 knowledge definition of language 404–5 in infants 96 epistemology 442 of disadvantaged children 627 skill 41 and memory 493–7 ‘Genie’ case 614–16 in social context 193, 543–79 and perception 520–1 discourse and narrative skills from television 266–7 Kobasigawa, A. 490 416–20 Lease, A.M. 178 Kochanska, G. 111, 304 of Down’s syndrome Lecanuet, J.-P. 397 Kochenderfer, B. 365 children 39 Lee, M. 283, 658 Koeppen-Schomerus, G. 91 dyslexia 424–6, 602 Leekam, S. 538 Kohlberg, L. 222, 294, 318, and infant interaction 95, Leevers, H.J. 255 322–5, 326, 327, 328, 435–7 Lefkowitz, M.M. 271, 272, 273, 329, 331 innateness hypothesis 427–30, 274 Kojima, Y. 165 431, 432, 436 Leichtman, M.D. 498–502 Kollock, P. 276 language play 230, 233, 240, Lelwica, M. 202 Koluchova twins 612–14 242–3 Lemerise, E.A. 176 Koluchova, J. 612–14, 616 in monkeys and apes 48–9 Lemish, D. 264, 266, 267, 268, Kostelny, K. 625 prenatal learning 397 269 Kovacic, W.E. 280 pre-reading and -writing skills Lempers, J.D. 521 Kpelle people 548–9 420–4 Lenguaje de Signos Krahenbuhl,€ S.J. 505 savant skills 598–9 Nicaraguense (LSN) 431 Kramer, R. 248 sequences in 405–16 Leontiev, A.N. 550 Krasnor, L.R. 231, 232 talking about emotions 206–8 lesbian and gay parents Krehbiel, G. 191 theories of 426–38, 452, 140, 220 Kreutzer, M.A. 490, 492 576–7 lesbian identity 670–1 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:59 Page 795

INDEX 795

Leslie, A.M. 53, 250, 530, 531, Lubach, G.R. 82 addition problems/strategies 536–7, 539, 540 Lucariello, J. 413 483–4, 485–6 Leutenegger, W. 86 Luepnitz, D.A. 144 practical situations 569–72 Leventhal, B. 365 Lunt, I. 109 Matheson, C. C. 240, 241 Lever, J. 170 Luria, A.R. 547–8 Matthews, J. 268 Levin, Diane 243 Lussier, G. 139 maturation 42 Levin, J.R. 490, 491 Luthar, S.S. 305 in adolescents 655–7, 666–9 Levin, S. 281 Lynne, S. 71, 668 and delinquency in girls Levine, C. 675 Lyytinen, H. 425, 426 667–8 Levy, V.M. 492 in animal behavior 43 Lewin, R. 56 Ma, L. 686 Maughan, B. 691 Lewis, C. 134, 135, 136, 166, MacCallum, F. 140 Maurer, D. 386, 387, 389 281, 282, 525 Maccoby, E.E. 141, 142, 170, Mavroveli S. 210 Lewis, M. 109, 111, 121, 160, 193, 215, 216, 218, 220, ‘Maxi’ false-belief task 513–19, 199, 200, 205, 666 221, 222, 223–4 527, 529 Liddell, C. 626 MacDonald, K. 246 May, J. 473 Liebermann, P. 49 Mackintosh, N.J. 582, 590 Mayall, B. 130 life-span development studies macrosystems 11 May-Chahel, C. 146, 149 7–10, 118 Magnusson, D. 667 Mayer, J.D. 210, 214, 333 Ligorio, M.B. 575 Mahady Wilton, M.M. 208 Mayer, R.E. 275 Lillard, A.S. 250, 531 Mahoney, J.L. 688 Mayeux, L. 172, 178 Limber, S.P. 368 Main, M. 110, 118, 119, 120, Mazzie, C. 437 Linares, L.O. 354 121, 122 McAleer, J. 264, 268 Linaza, Jose 320 Maines, B. 368 McAuliffe, K. 49 Linchevski, L. 563, 564 Majors, K. 242 McCall Smith, A. 331 Linebarger, D.L. 268 ‘make-believe’ see pretend play McCarthy, G. 151 linkage 37 Malik, N. 191 McCartney, K. 111, 118 Linting, M. 133 Malina, R.M. 657 McCauley, M.R. 506 literacy, text messaging and Malinosky-Rummell, R. 151 McGarrigle, J. 459, 460–2 284–7 Malone, T.W. 275 McGhee, P.E. 243 Little, M. 628, 643 Mandel, D.R. 398 McGilly, K. 488–9 Livingstone, S. 263, 266, 264, Mannarino, A.P. 187 McGrew, W.C. 50 287, 688, 689, 690 Marcia, James 673 McGuffin, P. 35 Lloyd, G. 623 Marcus, J. 98 McGuire, A. 295 Locke, John 378 Marin, B.V. 497, 498, 505 McLoyd, V.C. 245 Loeber, R. 631 Markey, F.V. 343, 344 McMahon, C.A. 116 Loftus, E. 503 Markus, G.B. 168 McNeal, J.U. 280 logical reasoning, Piaget’s Marshall, S.K. 686 McNeill, D. 427, 428, 429 theory 459–60, 464 Martin, C.L. 222, 223 Mead, Margaret 65, 660, 684–5 Logotheti, K. 295, 316 Martin, J.A. 141, 142 Meadows, S. 469 loneliness 179–80 Martin, P. 16 mean length of utterance lone-parent families 136–7, Martinez, C.D. 117 (MLU) 436, 437 139–40 Martinez, I. 142 media 261–89 longitudinal designs 6–7, 9 Martorano, S.C. 465 interventions 287–9 long-term memory: retrieval Martorelli, V. 314 school achievement 277–9 strategies 474, 486–7, 490 Marxism: cognitive effects use of 262–4 longitudinal study 273–4 545, 547 see also advertising; computer Lonsdorf, E.V. 47 Masangkay, Z.S. 521 games; television Lopatka, A. 22 Masten, A.S. 613 media literacy 288–9 Lorch, E.P. 265 Mastro, D.E. 269 mediation programs in schools Lorenz, Konrad 45 masturbation 686 309–11 Lovejoy, C.O. 86 Maternal Deprivation Meilman, P.W. 674 low birthweight babies 90–5 Hypothesis 73, 124–9 Meins, E. 116, 524 low self-esteem and Maternal Sensitivity Hypothesis Melhuish, E. 641, 642, 643 aggression 354 114, 115, 116, 117, 124–9 Melhuish, E.C. 130, 134 Lozano, P. 368 mathematics Meltzoff, A. 98, 389, 451 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:59 Page 796

796 INDEX

Memon, A. 506 Mintz, J. 240 Morford, J.P. 431 memory skills Miranda, S.B. 385, 388 Morgan, O. 610 constructive memory 494–7 mirror image stimulation (MIS) Morison, V. 393 and dyslexia 425 studies 51, 199 Morton, J. 387 eyewitness research 507–8 Mischel, W. 220 Moses, L.J. 204 in information processing Mishna, F. 365 Moston, S. 505 approach 471–509 Mitchell, R.W. 52 mothers and knowledge 493–7 mixed-race families 623–4 attachment relationship metacognition 492–3 Miyake, K. 112 108–20 in pre-operational stage 460 modification of behavior 44 frightened/frightening ability 474–6, 488–91 see also adaptive behavior behavior 114, 115 source monitoring 504 Moely, B.E. 489 infant face recognition 387–9 strategies: development Moessle, T. 262, 263, 264, 265, infant response to voice of 491–2 277–9 82–4 encoding strategies 473–4, Moffitt, T. 668 Maternal Deprivation 475, 488–90, 491 Moignard, B. 624 Hypothesis 73, 124–9 retrieval strategies 474, 475. Møller, Herbert 657 Maternal Sensitivity 476, 484, 488, 490–1 Monaghan, R. 331 Hypothesis 114, 115, 116, suggestibility 498–508 Monahan, K.C. 681 117, 124–9 see also long-term memory; Money, J. 218 mother-infant interaction working memory Monk, C.S. 664 88–9, 95–101, 116–17, menarche 652, 656–7, 660 monkeys and apes 406–7 Menesini, E. 361 communication systems and language development Mensah, F. 155 48–9, 50 435–8 mental ability see cognitive mental ability 50–3 working mothers 73, 130–1 development; intelligence ‘mindreading’ abilities see also families Mental Health Foundation 331 53–4 Mount, K. 628, 643 mental health problems 188, reciprocal altruism 58 ‘mountains’ experiment 452–5 629–31 separation experiment 126 Mueller, E. 161 adolescent 691–2 vs humans 56 Mugny, G. 577 mental representations and Monks, C. 358, 359, 360 Muir, D. 400 autism 535–8, 539–41 monologues 552–3, 577 multiplets 166 see also internal monotropism 125, 127 multi-route linguistic model 415 representations monozygotic twins 33–4 Mumme, D.L. 203 mentoring 309 Montagu, A. 86 Munholland, K.A. 118 Merritt, K.A. 507 Montessori, Maria 248 Munn, P. 179 mesosystems 11 Montgomery, R. 181 Murray, C. 18 Messer, D. 408, 430, 436, 437 mood disruption in adolescence Murray, L. 98 metacognition 492–3 677–80 Mussen, P. 316 meta-representation 53–4, 207, Moon, C. 83, 84, 397–8 Mussen, P.H. 667 250, 529–30 Moore, E.S. 283 Myers, B.J. 100 Meyer, R. 95 Moore, M. 98, 389, 451 microgenetic approach 485 moral development 293–335 Nadel, J. 98, 161 microsystems 11 age of moral responsibility Nadel-Brulfert, J. 161 Miles, T.R. 425 329–31 narrative skills 416–20 milk composition 89–90 domain approach 328–9 narrow socialization 685–6 Miller, J.G. 600 Kohlberg’s theory 318, 322–8 Nathanson, A.I. 288 Miller, N. 309 Piaget’s theory 318–22, 680 Nathanson, R. 508 Miller, P.H. 443, 488, 503 and play in Taiwan 240 National Child Development Miller, P.J. 238 teaching of moral values Study (NCDS) 145 Millichamp, J. 147, 148 331–3 National Curriculum 606 Milligan, K. 524 emotional literacy333 National Evaluation of Sure ‘min’ strategy 485–7 PATHS intervention 333–5 Start (NESS) 640, 641 mind see theory of mind moral reasoning, development National Institute of Child ‘mind-mindedness’ 116 of 318–35 Health and Development ‘mindreading’ 53–4, 207 Mora-Merchan, J.A. 369 (NICHD) 132–4 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:59 Page 797

INDEX 797

National Society for the Oates, C. 280, 281 Otgaar, H. 503 Prevention of Cruelty to object concept 432 Oumar, F. 115 Children (NSPCC) 149 object permanence 198, 200, ‘overlapping waves’ metaphor nativism 379 432, 448–9, 450 484, 486 naturalistic observation object play 230, 232–3, 236–7, Overton, W.F. 238 12–13, 15 250, 252–4 Owen, M.J. 35 nature-nurture debate 41–55 object separation 390–2, 394–5 Owens, L. 20 ‘Naughty Teddy’ test 459, objectivity in research 20 460–2 OBPP 369 Packer, C. 50, 58 Naus, M.J. 489, 491 observational studies 5–6, Pagani, L. 355–6 near infra-red spectroscopy 12–13, 15–16 Pan, B. 416 (NIRS) 40 prosocial behavior 299–301 Papousek, H. 98 Needham, A. 390–2, 395 observer effects 17 Papousek, M. 98, 436 neglected children see Ochs, E. 436, 438 paradigms in science 28 deprivation and neglect O’Connell, A. N. 675 ‘parallel’ activity 169, 170 neglected peer status 172–5, 179, O’Connor, N. 598 parent-offspring conflict 190, 191 O’Connor, T.G. 116, 145, 191, in animals 58 neighborhood and antisocial 618, 619 during adolescence 663–4, behavior 354–5 Oden, M.H. 602, 603 673, 675–7 Neisser, U. 598 Oden, S. 191 parents Nelson, C.A. 382, 389 Ofcom 280 aggression, origins of 352–3 Nelson, K. 409, 410, 412, 413, Office for Public attachment relationship 495, 496 Management 19 108–24 Nelson, M.R. 282 Ogg, J. 137, 138, 139 child abuse 148–9 neuroimaging 40 O’Kane, C. 71 conflict with adolescents Newcomb, A.F. 175, 177, 179, Olguin, R. 433 663–4, 673, 675–7 180, 181, 189 Olweus questionnaire 358 conflict between 142 Newcombe, N. 452 Olweus, Dan 357, 358, 364, 368, cultural practices 64–5 Newsom Report 621–2, 627 369–72 group socialization theory Newson, Elizabeth 135 Omark, D. 315, 340, 341 192–4 Newson, J. 135 O’Neill, B. 289 harsh physical punishment Nicholson, J.M. 146 Ong, K.K. 658 146–8 Nicolson, R.I. 425, 426 Onishi, K.H. 523 lesbian and gay 140 Nisbett, R.E. 20 ‘onlooker’ preschool category models of parenting 152–4 Nishida, T. 50 169 and play 244 Nobes, G. 146, 147, 148 only children 166–8 social learning theory role Noelting, G. 476–7, 478 ontogenesis 32, 52 220–1, 222 non-normative life events 9 Opie, I. 243 step-parents 145–6, 151, 152 non-participant observation 16 Opie, P. 243 styles of parenting 141–2, non-shared environment 35–6, Oppenheim, D. 14, 111, 417 352–3, 677 116, 193 Opper, S. 456 see also divorce; families; non-verbal intelligence testing orange juice problem 476–7, 478 fathers; mothers 584–5 organization memory strategy Parke, R.D. 137, 347 Noret, N. 362 489, 491 Parker, J.G. 188–9 normative age-graded Organization of Economic Parker, S.T. 51 influences 7 Cooperation and Parkhurst, J. 178 normative history-graded Development (OECD) 25 Parten, Mildred 169, 342 influences 7–9 organization of schemas participant characteristics 17 Novak, M.A. 126 444–6 participant observation 16, 70 novel toy experiment 203, 204 Ornstein, P.A. 489, 491 participants see research nursery care 130–1, 247, 250 orphanages see institutional care participants institutional rearing 128–9 Ortega, R. 369 Pascalis, O. 380, 381, 382, 389, nursery school: peer relations Oser, F.K. 328, 332–3 399 169–70 Osler, A. 622 paternity certainty 58 nurture see nature-nurture Osterman, K. 316 PATHS curriculum 333–5, 356 debate Ostersehlt, D. 656 Patrick, J. 16 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:59 Page 798

798 INDEX

pattern perception 385–8 intermodal perception 400–1 educational impact 444, and facial stimuli 387–9 and knowledge 520–1 467–8, 568 Patterson, C. J. 140, 191, 219 and language development methodology shortcomings Patterson, F.G. 48 420–4 466 Patterson, G.R. 352, 353, 355 study methods 379–84 ‘probability judgment task Pavlov, Ivan 545 384–96 475 Pearson, G. 22 perceptual constancy 392–4 reinterpretations 450–1, Pecora, N. 262 perinatal risk factors 90–5 459–62, 463, 464–6 pedagogy 55 Perlman, M. 164 and speech 552, 553 peekaboo games 98 permissive parenting 141, 142 stages of development 444, peer relations Perner, J. 165, 453, 513, 514–18, 445, 446–66 of adolescents 170, 680–3 523, 525–6, 527, 529, 530, structure and organization bullying 357–72, 227 531, 533, 536, 538 444–6 deviant (delinquent) peer person permanence 198–9, 200 and Vygotsky’s theory groups 355–6, 666–7, personal distress 299, 301 576–8 682–3 personality types 168 egocentrism 248, 443–4, dominance 178 perspective taking tests 451–5, 452–5, 552 early peer relations 160–1 521 moral reasoning theory ethnic preference 225 Peskin, J. 526 318–22, 325, 328, 331 friendship 181–91, 308, 309, Pestalozzi 247 object concept 432 353–4 Petrides, K.V. 210, 211, on pretend play 237 group socialization theory 214, 333 pidgin languages 430–1 192–4 Petrie, P. 130 Pickles, A. 127 importance of 187–91 Pettit, G.S. 355, 364 Pikas, A. 368 in learning situation 572–4 Pfeiffer, C. 279 Pike, A. 35 origins of aggression 353–4 Pfungst, Oskar 17 Pinker, Steven 49, 430–1 peer support systems 309–10, Phelps, J.L. 123 Pisani, L. 115 366–7 phenotypes 37 pituitary gland 654 preschool and school relations Phillips, A. 257 pivot grammar 434 169–80 Phoenix, A. 4, 20, 124 play 229–58 prosocial behavior 309–10 phonological awareness benefits of 257–8 sibling relationships 161–6 421, 424 characteristics of 230–3 sociometric status 170–5, phonological deficit hypothesis cultural differences 238–40 189–90 425, 426 deprivation effects 254–5 see also play; prosocial phonology 404, 412, development of 233–47 behavior 421, 424–6 difficulties of defining 230 Pellegrini, A.D. 63, 177, 235, phylogenesis 32 enrichment effects 254 236, 250, 252, 254, 342 physical activity play 233, 235, ethos 246–7 Peller, L.E. 248, 249 250, 254 factors affecting 245–6 Pempek, T.A. 266, 283–4 physical aggression 311, 312, ‘idealization’ of 249 Peng, Y. 252 313, 344, 345 pretend see pretend play Pepler, D.J. 170, 231, 232, 248, bullying 227, 357–72 sex differences 63, 245–6 308, 346, 347, 358 physical attractiveness and siblings and 163–4 Perceived Group Status Scale popularity 177 theorists on 247–9 (PGSS) 225 physical punishment types 233–44 perception 377–401 child abuse 148 see also peer relations; toys auditory perception 397–400 harsh discipline 146–8 play criteria model 231–2 definition 378–9 lack of, in Samoa 684–5 play therapy 248, 256–7 development of 82–4, 95, 96 Piaget, Jean 4, 5, 9, 17, 28, 234, play tutoring 245, 256 of Down’s syndrome 236, 237, 245, 248, 250, Plester, B. 284–7 children 39 294, 431, 432, 441–68, Plomin, R. 33, 34, 35, 36, 192 effect of experience 378–9, 476, 486, 544, 545, Plowden Report 639 390–2 546, 569 Pluess, M. 133 environmental influences background 442–3 Polit, D.F.167 390–2, 399–400 cognitive theory 431–2, Poole, D.A. 498, 505 of fetus 82–4, 397 441–68, 472, 547 Popper, Karl 27–8 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:59 Page 799

INDEX 799

popular peer status 172–4, 177–8 emotional development 206–7 Prout, A. 18, 71, 72 and aggression 177–8, 353–4 and friendship 180, 181 proximal processes 12 Porter, M.L. 257 sex differences 245 Pryor, J. 146 positron emission tomography sociodramatic play 233, psychiatric disorders 188, (PET) 40 237–42 629–31, 691–2 Poskiparta, Elisa 369 and theory of mind psychoanalysis 248, 671–2, 684 postconventional morality 323, development 250, 254, psychological problems 627–31 324–5 255, 524, 530–1 psychological research 4–29 Potter, D. 533 war toys and war play debate psychology, scientific status of Poulin, F. 184, 187 243–4, 253 27–9 poverty and disadvantage 622, pre-writing skills 420–4 psychometric testing see 632, 633 Price, T. 46 intelligence testing Povinelli, D.J. 53, 200 primary circular reactions 447–8 psychosocial acceleration theory Powdermaker, H. 660 primary intersubjectivity 99 of puberty 658–9 Powell, B. 168 primates psychosocial risk factors 90 Power, T. 233 gestation periods 86 psychotherapy 305 Pozzoli, T. 365 humans as 55 puberty 652–66 practice play 234, 236 milk composition 89 maturation rates 655–7, 666–9 pragmatics of language see also monkeys and apes psychological effects 659–66 development 405, Principles and Parameters ritual at 660 419, 427 Theory (PPT) 429–30 secular trend 656–7 pre-conceptual period 451–5 Prior, V. 111, 118 timing, theories concerning pre-operational development Prison Reform Trust 330–1 658–9 444, 445, 451–62 proactive aggression 344 Punamaki, R-J. 689, 690 intuitive period 451, 455–8 ‘probability judgment’ task 475 punishment 146–8, 343, 367, 368 pre-conceptual period 451–5 problem-solving ability pre-reading skills 92–5, 420–4 and friendship 176, 181 Quadrello, T. 137 pre-sleep monologues 413, mathematics 483–4, 485–6, qualitative research methods 20 414, 421 569–72 Qualter, P. 179 preconventional morality Piaget’s theory 444, 445, 457 quantitative research methods, 323, 325 see also information 20 predictive validity 589 processing approach Quas, J.A. 507 preference technique 379–82 product placement 281–4 quasi-experiments 14, 15 pregnancy sickness 85 professional examinations 605 Querleu, D. 83 Premack, D. 48 Profet, M. 85 questionnaires 16 premarital sex: adolescent Programme for International Quinn, P.C. 389 attitudes 686 Student Assessment Quintana, S. 225 premature babies 90–5 (PISA) 25 prenatal development 80–6 Project Head Start program 22, racial background fetal learning 82–4, 397 634, 635, 643 and social disadvantage 622–4 perception 82–4, 397 proportional reasoning 563 see also ethnic identity risk factors 85, 90–1 prosocial behavior racial prejudice 225–6, 622–4 stages of 80–1 cross-cultural differences Radford, J. 602 Prescott, P.A. 397 315–17 Radin, N. 138 Pressley, M. 488, 490, 491, 497 development of 294–301 Radke-Yarrow, M. 296, 299, pretence experimental studies 297–9 300, 304 in animal behavior 51–3 in family 301–8 Raine, A. 350 in emotional development observational studies 299–301 Ramey, C.T. 97 206–7 in peer group 308–9 randomly controlled treatment distinguishing reality peer support systems in design (RCT) 14 206–7, 265–6 schools 309–10 Rauh, H. 39 see also deception; pretend sex differences in 310–15 Raven, J.C. 588, 589 play prosocial tendencies, Raven’s Progressive Matrices pretend play 230, 231, 234 classification of 294–5 588–9 cross-cultural study 238–40 measure of 299 reactive aggression 344 and discourse skills 417–19 prosodic speech patterns 436–7 Read, R. S. 498 bindex 08/10/2011 13:50:59 Page 800

800 INDEX

reading skills ethical issues 19 rod and box experiment 394–5 dyslexia 424–6 guided participation 68–70, Rodgers, B. 146 pre-reading skills 90–5, 420–4 561–3 Rodgers, J.L. 168 and sound categorization residential care see institutional Rodkin, P. 177, 178 421–4 care Rodrigues, C.D. 624 reasoning see logical reasoning resistant/ambivalent attachment Rogers, Carl 257, 305 recall ability 474–6, 488–91 type 110, 111, 121, 179 Rogers, M.J. 309 recapitulation theory of play 248 resource control theory 348 Rogoff, Barbara 66–70, 435, recast sentences 410–12 restorative justice 367 544, 547, 561–2, 566, 574 reciprocal altruism 58 retributive justice 367 Roisman, G.I. 116 record of attainment 605 retrieval strategies 474, 475. 476, Rojas-Drummond, S. 562 recursiveness 208 484, 488, 490–1 Rollins, H.A. 489, 491 Redergard, Silje Marie 330 reversibility 458, 462 Romanian adoptees 618–21 Reed, R.S. 498, 505 Rhee, S. 350 Romano, E. 355 Rees, J. 129 rhyming skills 413, 414, 420–4, Romer, D. 664 referential words 415 425 Root, B. 419 reflex activity: Piaget’s theory Ribak, R. 264 Rose, S.R. 64 447, 449 Rice, M.L. 267 Rosenblith, J.F. 91 reflexive behavior of infants 96 Richards, M.P.M. 143 Rosenblum, G.D. 666 refugee children and Richardson, T. 49 Ross, H. 165 disadvantage 632–3 Rideout, V.J. 262, 263, 266, 283 Ross, J.M. 668 Rehbein, F. 279 Rifkin, B. 595, 596 Rossi, A.H. 677 rehearsal 488–9, 491 Rigby, K. 358, 362 Rossi, P.H. 677 Reich, S.M. 191, 193 rights of children 22–5, 71 Rothbart, M.K. 101, 102 Reick, M. 626 Rimpau, J.B. 49 Rothbaum, F. 112 reinforcement Ringel, B.A. 493 rough-and-tumble play 230, 231, in language development 437 Ringrose, J. 72–3 233, 234, 235–6, 250, of prosocial behavior 297, 301 risk 251, 252 of sex roles 220–1 delinquency risk factors 355–6 sex differences 245–6 rejected peer status 172–5, disadvantage risk factors Roy, P. 127 176–7, 190 628–31 Rubin, K.H. 179, 248 fighting 236 perinatal risk factors 90–5 Ruble, D.N. 222, 659 lack of social skills 177 prenatal risk factors 85, 90–2 Rudinger, G. 39 subtypes 176–7 psychosocial risk factors Ruffman, T. 165, 524 relational aggression 344–5 90, 629 rule-governed play 234, 245 Relational Psychotherapy risk behavior in adolescence Piaget’s theory of moral Mothers’ Group 680–3 reasoning 318–22 (RPMG) 305–6 cultural bases 682–3 Rumbaugh, D.M. 48 relative fatness theory of sexual behavior 669, 686–8 Rushton, J.P. 20 puberty 658 see also delinquency Russell, A. 351 reliability ritual and puberty 660 Russell, J. 513, 539, 540 of intelligence tests 589 Risser, S. 172 Rutter, M. 124, 126, 127, 193, of study methods 16–17 Rivara, F.P. 368 628, 644, 677, 678, 679, Remafedi, G. 670 Rivers, I. 140, 220, 362, 671 680 Renfrew, C. 56 Robarchek, C.A. 316 Isle of Wight adolescence Renold, E. 72–3 Robarchek, C.J. 316 study 677–80 Renshaw, P. 566 Robb, M.B. 266 Romanian adoptees study reputation enhancement Roberts, A. D. 597 618–21 theory 355 Roberts, K. 504 Rymer, R. 615 research methods see study Roberts, S. 267 methods Robertson, J. and J. 125 Sagi-Schwartz, A. 123 research participants Robinson, G. 368 Salapatek, P. 384 characteristics 17 Robinson, M. 483–4, 485 Saljo, R. 576 children as researchers 18–19, Robinson, T.N. 288 ‘Sally-Anne’ false-belief task 566–8 Robson, C. 20 518, 519, 520, 533, 539–40 data recording 16 Roche, A.F. 656 Salmivalli, Christina 358, 369 bindex 08/10/2011 13:51:0 Page 801

INDEX 801

Salmivalli Participant Role second-order representation 53 in school and play activities Scale 358 secondary altriciality 86 170 Salovey, P. 210, 214 secondary circular reactions sexual identity 215–18, 670–1, ‘Sam Stone’ test 498–502 447, 448 673 Samoan people 684–5 secondary emotions 204–5 social awareness 215–18 sample size 17 secondary intersubjectivity 99 see also gender identity Sandler, H.M. 215 secure attachment type 111–12, sex education 682 Sandstrom, M.J. 16, 177 115, 116, 117, 118 sex hormones 218–19, 654, Sangareau, Y. 214 Segal, N. 34, 166 663–4 Sanson, A. 101, 102 Seier, W.L. 488, 503 sex-role identification 216–18, Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S. 48 Seiffge-Krenke, I. 670 218–24, 670–1, 673 savants 596–9 self-awareness 198–200, 210, 214 in adolescence 670–1, 673 Savin-Williams, R.C. self-categorization theories biological factors 218–19 341–2, 675 (SCT) 225 cognitive-developmental Sayil, M. 663 self-concept 215 theory 222–3 Saylor, C.F. 256 self-consciousness in social cognitive theory 223 Saywitz, K.J. 506, 507, 508 adolescence 666 social constructionist ‘scaffolding’ 99, 554–6, 561, 566, self-esteem 214, 354 approaches 219–20 568–9, 573 self-recognition social learning theory 220–1, Scarlett, G. 417, 418, 419 in apes 51, 53 222 Scarr, S. 131, 154, 192, 194 in infants 198–200 sex segregation in peer-group Schaal, B. 82 self-socialization 222 activity 170 Schafer, M. 236 Selman, R.L. 183 sex stereotypes 216, 217, 222 Schaffer, H.R. 109, 384 Semai people, Malaysia 316 on television 268–9 Schank, R.C. 413, 495 semantics 404–5, 425–6 sexual abuse 148–9 Scharf, M. 127 sensation 378 sexual behavior of adolescents schemas 495, 496 sensitive periods 45–6 669–71, 686–8 gender schemas 222–3 for attachment formation 153 risk behavior 669, 682–3 Schick, B. 524 early bonding in humans 99 in Samoa 684–5 Schieffelin, B. 423, 438 for language development sexual imprinting 46 Schlegel, A. 652, 668, 669, 670, 431, 615, 616 sexual reproduction 32–3 684 sensori-motor development Seyfarth, R.M. 48, 50 Schliemann, A.D,. 572 and attachment 109 Shahidullah, S. 82, 83, 84, 397 Schmitt, D.P. 59 Piaget’s theory 444, 445, Shamir, A. 573 Schneider, W. 494, 497 446–51 shape constancy 393–4 Schofield, M. 687 sensory register 473 Shapiro, G.L. 48 schools separation anxiety test 119–20 Shapiro, M.A. 276 bullying in 357–72 separation protest 108, 109, 125 ‘shared attention mechanism’ evaluation of 606 separation 540–1 and girls’ delinquency 667–8 and behavioral problems shared concern, method of 368 see also education 125–6 shared family environment Schwartz, A. 395 Maternal Deprivation 35–6, 91, 154, 192 Schwartz, B.L. 51 Hypothesis 73, 124–9 Sharp, S. 357, 368 Schwartz, D. 364, 365 see also attachment Shatz, M. 520 Schwarz, B.B. 563, 564 Serbin, L.A. 216, 221 Shayer, M. 464, 465 science: status of psychology seriation ability 456 Shefatya, L. 249 27–9 serotonin 37 Shepher, J. 59 scientific observation 5–6 Serpell, R. 600 Sherry, J.L. 275 Scott, D. 84 Sesame Street 267 Sherwood, V. 98 Scott, S. 644, 645 sex differences 63, 64 Shiffrin, R.M. 473 screening/diagnostic tests 605 in aggression 344 short-term memory see working Scribner, S. 65–6, 548 biological factors 218–19 memory script-based knowledge 495–6 peer group and 223 shyness and peer acceptance in play, 240, 241 in pretend play 245 172–4, 176, 179 Seaman, P. 644 in prosocial behavior sibling barricade effect 165 Sears, R.R. 602 310–15 sibling comparison process 165 bindex 08/10/2011 13:51:0 Page 802

802 INDEX

sibling differentiation Smith, C. 353 social interaction processes 36 Smith, D.J. 628 after birth 88–9 siblings Smith, J. 596–8 and autism 532 conflict and social Smith, L. 577 caregiver-infant interaction comparison 164–5 Smith, M.A. 276 95–101, 109, 406–7 conflict in animals 58 Smith, N. 598 cultural influences 64–5 in home environment 162–3 Smith, P.K. 54, 139, 169, 200, and language development influences 161–6 226–7, 231, 234, 235, 236, 438 play and teaching 163–4 244, 246–7, 250, 252, 255, in Piaget’s theory 467–8 prosocial behavior 306–7 341, 357, 358, 359, 360, see also attachment; helping theory of mind 165–6 362, 363, 368 others; peer relations; see also twin studies Smith, R.S. 90, 305, 629 play Siegal, M. 460 Smith, S.L. 271 social learning theory 220–1, Siegler, R.S. 478–84, 485–6, Snarey, J.R. 327, 328 222, 223 488–9 Snow, C. 416, 436 social networking 689 sign language Snowling, M. 424, 425 social referencing 203 in monkeys and apes 48–9 sociability and peer status social skills pidgin form 431 172, 179 in intelligence testing 591, 592 Signorielli, N. 268 social aggression 344 parenting skills 153–4 Silverman, I. 63 social awareness 197–227 training in 190–1, 354 Simon, T. 252, 255, 582–4, emotional development social status see sociometric 599, 602 201–4, 531–2 status Simon, Theodore 442 ethnic awareness 224–6 social stereotypes on television Simpson, J. 112 recognition of others 198, 200 268–70 Sims, V.K. 275 self-awareness 198–200, 210, social withdrawal 179 simulation 531–2 214 socialization: self-socialization Singer, D.G. 242, 244 self-concept and self-esteem 222 Singer, Dorothy 249 214, 215 society: impact of psychological Singer, E. 72, 73, 124 sex differences 215–18 research 21–7 Singer, J.L. 242, 244 sex-role identification 216–18, socio-cultural context 545–51 single-parent families 136–7, 218–24, 670–1, 673 Girl Scout cookie sale study 139–40 see also social interaction 68–70, 561–2 ‘Six Cultures Study’ 65, 217 social class and play 245 and intelligence 599–601 Sixsmith, J. 19 social cognitive theory 223 see also environmental size constancy 392–4 social competence, of only influences Skeels, H. 616, 617, 621 children 167 sociobiology 32, 56, 59–62 skills learning 411 social constructionism 32, 71–3, sociodramatic play 233, 237–42, Skinner, B.F. 46, 192 219–20 248, 249, 250, 251–2 Skodak, M. 617, 621 social context of learning 193, and narrative skills 417 Skuse, D. 615 543–79 sex differences 245 Slater A. 384, 389, 400 social convention 328–9 sociometric status 172–5, Slater, A.M. 393, 394 social cultural theory 42 189–90, 191 Slater, P.J.B. 43 social disadvantage 621–7 Sodian, B. 491, 535 Slavin, R.E. 572–3, 577 explanatory models 627–31 Sokol, B.W. 527 Slee, P.T. 358 political violence and 625–7 ‘solitary’ activity 169 Slobin, D.I. 429 racial prejudice and 622–4 Sommerville, J. 22 Sloboda, J. 200 street children 624–5 songbird behavior 43 Slough, N.M. 357 in UK 621–2 Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S. 137 Sluckin, A. 341 social dominance Sorce, J.F. 203 smacking 146–8 in younger children 340–1 sound ‘Smarties’ false-belief task in older children 341–2 fetal response to 82–4, 397 518–20, 533, 537 Social Identity Theory (SIT) 225 infant categorization 421–4 Smetana, J. 676 Social Information Processing infant response to 82–4, 95 Smetana, J.G. 322 (SIP) model 364 see also auditory perception Smilansky, Sara 234, 245, 249 Social Information Processing source monitoring 504 smiling in infants 96 model 175–6, 191 Southgate, V. 523 bindex 08/10/2011 13:51:0 Page 803

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Spaccerelli, S. 151 Sternglanz, S.H. 56 support group approach, Spangler, G. 118 Stevenson, J. 152 bullying and 368 Spearman, C. 591–2 Stevenson-Hinde, J. 46 Sure Start 639–43 speech Stewart, R.B. 162 surplus energy theory of adult-child speech 435–8 Stewart, S.M. 142 play 247 of Down’s syndrome children stillbirth and attachment type Sutton, C. 356 39 117 Sutton, H.E. 33 early development 405–10 ‘still-face’ paradigm 98 Sutton, J. 364 infant recognition 397–8 ‘storm and stress’’ hypothesis Sutton-Smith, Brian 243, 248, monologues 552–3, 577 652, 671–5, 677–80 249, 257 problems of dyslexic children story-telling 417–19 Svetina, M. 486 424, 425–6 strange situation method 110, Swamy, G.K. 90 response to voice 82–4, 96, 117, 122–4 Swearer, S. 362 397–8 cross-cultural interpretations Sweeting, H. 691 talking about emotions 202–4 112–15 Sylva, K. 109, 250, 251, telegraphic speech structure strange toy experiment 203, 204 254, 641 428–9 Strayer, F.F. 340 symbolic communication 48, see also language Strayer, J. 340 50, 53 development Streefland, L. 566, 567, Symons, D. 59, 230 Spelke, E.R. 394, 395 568, 576 sympathy 297, 302 spelling skills 421–4, 425 street children 624–5 synaptic pruning 40 Spence, M.J. 398 Strength of Identification Scale synaptogenesis 40 Spencer, Herbert 247 (SoIS) 225 syntactic bootstrapping Spera, C. 141 stress and recall ability 507–8 hypothesis 413–15 spermarche 652 stress-suppression theory of syntax development 405, 434–5 Spieker, S.J. 111 puberty 658 Spitz, R.A. 616 Stright, A.D. 102 ‘tabula rasa’ 378 Springer, C.J. 493 study methods 4–29 tactical deception 51–3 Sroufe, L.A. 200 data analysis and recording Tajfel, H. 225 St James-Roberts, I. 102, 137, 15–16, 19–21 Takahashi, K. 112 138 experimental studies 6–12, Takhvar, M. 234 Standard Issue Scoring 326 14–15 Takriti, R.A. 226 standardized tests 605 fraudulent evidence 20 Tanner, J.M. 655, 657 Stanford-Binet Intelligence observation 5–6, 12–13 Tantleff-Dunn, S. 269 Scale 582–5, 589 participants see research Taumoepeau, M. 524 Stanger, C., 205 participants Taylor, A. 151 Stanley-Hagan, M. 143 for perception in infants Taylor, H.G. 91 statistical tests 13, 20 379–84 Taylor, J. 36 Stead, J. 623 psychology as science 27–9 Taylor, M. 242, 254 Steelman, L.C. 168 quantitative and qualitative teasing 360 Steinberg, L. 131, 141, 142, 663, methods 19–21 telegraphic speech structure 664, 668, 681 reliability and validity 16–17 428–9 step-parents 145–6, 151, 152 research strategies 6–12 television stereotyping societal impact 21–7 adolescents 271–2 racial stereotypes 269–70 subject attrition 6–7 aggression and violence 270–1 sex stereotypes 216, 217, 222, Subrahmanyam, K. 264 children and 264–6 268–9 subsistence societies 65 correlational study 271–3 social stereotypes 139–40 Suchman, N. 305 influences: stereotypical suggestibility of eyewitness Suddendorf, T. 53, 54 268–70 recall 499–502 suggestibility 498–508 learning from 266–7 television, influences of Sullivan, K. 527 longitudinal study 273–4 268–70 Sullivan, M.W. 205 relation to other activities Stern, D.N. 202, 406–7, Sulloway, Frank J. 168 267–8 408, 436 Sundet, J.M. 687 restrictive interventions 287–8 Sternberg, R.J. 582, 589, 592–6, Suomi, S.J. 126 Sesame Street 267 599, 600, 601 Super, C.N. 62, 70, 600 Teller, D.Y. 385 bindex 08/10/2011 13:51:0 Page 804

804 INDEX

temperament 133, 350–1 Thurstone, L.L. 592 Ucanok, Z. 663 of Down’s syndrome time sampling 16 Ulman, K.J. 659, 660 children 39 Tinsley, B.J. 137 UN Convention on the Rights genetic influences 34–5, 102 Tisak, M. 309 of the Child 22, 24 of infants 101–3 Tizard, B. 4, 128, 129 Underwood, M. 175 and parental response 154 Tomasello, Michael 54, 55, 237, Underwood, M.K. 344 and perinatal risk factors 90 404, 412, 429, 433–5 Ungerer, J. 130, 133 and resilience to disadvantage Tomlinson-Keasey, C. 463 ‘unoccupied’ preschool 630, 631 Toner, I.J. 626 category 169 see also aggression; emotional tool use and tool-making in apes unresolved attachment type development 51, 53, 55–6 117–18, 120, 121, 123–4 temporal relationships: infant Topping, K. 573 Updegraff, K.A. 165 recognition 96 Townsend, F. 168 Utting, D. 330, 364 teratogen 85 Townsend, P. 610 Terman, L.M. 584, 602, 603 toys validity Terrace, H.S. 49 strange toy experiment ecological validity 15, 54, 255 tertiary circular reactions 447, 203, 204 of intelligence tests 589–90 448 war toys and war play debate of study methods 16–17 Tessier, R. 91 243–4 Valsiner, J. 332 tests 16 Trabasso, T. 460 van Cantfort, T.E. 49 Teti, D.M. 237 Tran, A. 314 van den Boom, D. 153 Teti, L.O. 153 transactional models of van der Mark, I.L. 304 text messaging 284–7 development 102–3 Van der Meijdent, H. 575 Thaiss, L. 536–7, 539, 540 transcranial magnetic van Evra, J. 265 thalidomide 85 stimulation (TMS) 40 van Hooff, J.A.R.A.M. 231 theories in science 27–8 transformational grammar van IJzendoorn, M.H. 36, theory of mind 53–4, 206, 427–30 111, 112, 115, 116, 512–41 transitive inferences 460 117, 118, 120, 122, 133, achievement of 523–5 transsexuality 219–20 153, 352 and autism 532–9, 539–41 Tremblay, Richard 342, 345 van Lawick-Goodall, J. 47 of bullies 364 Tremblay-Leveau, H. 161 van Rosmalen, P. 575 development theories 528–32 Treseder, P. 18 van Schoiack Edstrom, L. 214, early knowledge of mind Trevarthen, C. 98, 99, 295, 316 215 520–3 Trevathan, W. 86, 88 Vandell, D.L. 191, 193 later knowledge of mind triarchic theory of intelligence Vandewater, E.A. 276 525–8 593–4, 596 Varma-Joshi, M. 622 and pretend play 250, 254, Trisomy 21 38–9 Vaughn, B.E. 121, 177, 347 255, 524, 530–1 Triumph and Success Project 18 verb island hypothesis sibling influences 165–6 Trivers, R.L. 58, 60, 62 434, 435 see also false-belief behavior Tronick, E. 98 verbal aggression 311, 343–4, thinking Troop, W. 191 345, 360 and language 551–4, 576–7 True, M.M. 115, 116 verbal intelligence testing 584, in monkeys and apes 50–1, Trute, B. 137 587 53–4 Tsimpli, I.M. 598 verbal labels 199 see also cognitive Ttofi, M.M. 368 verbal stimulation hypothesis development; intelligence Tulviste, P. 547, 550, 551 255 Thomas, A. 101, 102 Tunstill, J. 641 Verbeek, P. 295 Thomas, M.H. 271 Turiel, E. 294, 321, 322, 328–9 Verma, S. 687 Thomas, N. 71 Turner, J. 225 very low birthweight (VLBW) Thompson, D.N. 666 Tuvblad, C. 350 90, 91 Thompson, F. 368 twin studies very preterm infants (VPIs) 90, Thompson, S.K. 216 on attachment 116 91–5 Thompson, W. 131 behavior genetics 33–4, 36, 350 victimization, consequences of Thornton, A. 49 discredited evidence 21 365–6 Thorpe, W.H. 43 on premature babies 94 video games 244 threatened egotism 354 sibling 166 Viding, E. 352 ‘three mountains’ experiment Twins Early Development Study Viki (chimpanzee) 51 452–5 94 violence bindex 08/10/2011 13:51:0 Page 805

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growing up with 354–5, Waterman, A.S. 504, 505, 675 Wolford, J.L. 275 625–7, 644 Waterman, C K. 675 Wolfson, A.R. 677 on television 270–1 Waters, E. 121 Wolke, D. 91, 93, 95, 102 war-toys and war play debate Watson, J.B. 46, 192 women: social construction 72–3 243–4, 254 Watson, J.S. 97 Wood, C. 287 see also aggression Watson, M.W. 254 Wood, D.J. 550, 554, 568, 574 visual acuity of infants 384, 385 Webster-Stratton, C. 629 Wood, H. 574 visual cliff experiment 203, Wechsler intelligence scales Woodsmall, L. 267 395–6 585–7, 596 Woodward, L.J. 189 visual perception 95–6, 384–96 Wechsler, D. 585, 599 Woolfe, T. 524 color detection 385 Weikart, D. 635, 636 Woollett, A. 124 depth perception 395–6 Weinraub, M. 109, 222 word acquisition 409–13 Down’s syndrome children 39 Weir, R. 242, 414, 421 working memory 473–4 environmental influences Weisner, T.S. 110 encoding strategies 473–4, 399–400 well-being of children 25–7 475, 488–90, 491 face perception 385–9 Wellings, K. 686, 687 limitations in children 474–6, intermodal perception 400–1 Wellman, H.M. 520–1, 522, 523, 492–3 and knowledge 521 528–9, 531 ‘overlapping waves’ metaphor appearance-reality Welsh, B.C. 631 484, 486 distinction 522, 529 Wentzel, K.R. 177, 179 retrieval strategies 474, 475, object separation 394–5, Werker, J.F. 399 476, 484, 488, 490–1 390–2 Werner, Emmy E. 90, 305, working mothers pattern perception 385–8, 389 629–30, 644 effects of day care 130–4 perceptual constancy 392–4 Wertsch, J.V. 547, 550, 551 Maternal Deprivation Vittrup, B. 288 West, P. 691 Hypothesis criticized, 73 voice response in infants 82–4, Westcott, H. 149 World Federation of Neurology 95, 96, 397–8 Westinghouse Learning 424 see also speech Corporation 635 World Health Organization 25 Vollstedt, R. 231 Westin-Lindgren, G. 668 Wright, C. 622, 623 Voneche, J.J. 444 wet-nursing 89 Wright, J. 119 Vorderer, P. 275 Wheeler, V.A. 179 Wright, J.C. 264, 265, 267 Vorria, P. 117 Whitbread, N. 247 writing Vosniadou, S. 555, 556–60 White, L.T. 505 dyslexia 424–6 Vurpillot, E. 487–8 White, S.F. 351 prewriting skills 420–4 Vygotsky, Lev 65, 249, 486, Whitebread, D. 634 Wylam, H. 464, 465 544–78, 594 Whiten, A. 51, 52, 53, 54, 512 on individual mental Whiting, B.B. 65, 217, 315 Yau, J. 676 functioning 546–8 Whiting, J.W.M. 217, 315, 663 Yoshikawa, H. 330 and Piaget’s theory 576–8 Whyte, W. 16 Young, F.W. 663 zone of proximal development Willatts, P. 450 Young, J. 314 65, 486, 547, 549–50, 554 Williams J.M. 668 Youniss, J. 680 Williams, D. 276 Yussen, S.R. 492 Waddington, C.H. 44, 45 Williams, K. 240 Wainryb, C. 317, 322 Willoughby, B.L.B. 671 Zacharias, R. 314 Waldman, I. 350 Wilson, B. 270, 287 Zack, E. 271 Walk, R.D. 395–6 Wilson, E.O. 59 Zahn-Waxler, C. 296, 299, Walker, C. 250 Wilson, M.I. 59, 89, 151 300, 304 Walker, D. 268 Wimmer, H. 453, 513, Zajonc, R.B. 168 Walker, E.F. 664 514–18, 527 Zarbatany, L. 298 Wallace, P. 309, 310, 367 Wing, L. 533 zone of proximal development Wallerstein, J.S. 143, 144 Winner, E. 603, 604 (ZPD) 65, 486, 549–50, Walton, G.E. 387, 388 Wissler, C. 582 554 Wang, X.L. 240 withdrawal see social Zuckerman, D. 269 Waorani people, Amazon 316 withdrawal zygote 32, 33 war-toys and war play 243–4, witnesses see eyewitness research 254 Wober, M. 600 Warren, A.R. 503 Wolf, D. 417, 418 Washoe (chimpanzee) 48–9, 54 Wolff, S. 331 bindex 08/10/2011 13:51:0 Page 806