NOAA TR NMFS SSRF-647

A UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technical Report NMFS SSRF-647 PUBLICATION NOAA

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 7 National Marine Fisheries Service

Revised Annotated List of Parasites from Sea Mammals Caught Off the West Coast of North America

L. MARGOLIS and M. D. DAILEY

-I Marine Biological Laboratory LIBRARY SEP r3 1972 Woods Hole, Mast.

SEATTLE, WA

March 1972 NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS

National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report-Fisheries Series

The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, develop- ment and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also as- sists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report—Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scien- tific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS, or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publication of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from NOAA Publications Section, Rockville, Md. 20852. Recent SSRF's are:

604. The flora and fauna of a basin in central Florida 612. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography Pilot Study. Bay. By J. Harold Hudson, Donald M. Allen, Part VIII: Sea-level meteorological properties and T. J. Costello. May 1970, iii + 14 pp., 2 figs., and heat exchange processes, July 1963 to June 1 table. 1965. By Gunter R. Seckel. June 1970, iv + 129 pp., 6 figs., 8 tables. 605. Contributions to the life histories of several penaeid shrimps (Penaeidae) along the south 613. Sea-bottom photographs and macrobenthos col- Atlantic Coast of the United States. By William lections from the Continental Shelf off Massa- W. Anderson. May 1970, iii + 24 pp., 15 figs., 12 chusetts. By Roland L. Wigley and Roger B. tables. Theroux. August 1970, iii + 12 pp., 8 figs., 2 tables. 606. Annotated references on the Pacific saury, Colol- abis saira. By Steven E. Hughes. June 1970, 614. A sled-mounted suction sampler for benthic or- ganisms. By Donald M. Allen and J. Harold iii + 12 pp. Hudson. August 1970, iii + 5 pp., 5 figs., 1 table. 607. Studies on continuous transmission frequency 615. Distribution of fishing effort and catches of skip- modulated sonar. Edited by Frank J. Hester. jack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, in Hawaiian June 1970, iii + 26 pp. 1st paper, Sonar target waters by quarters of the year, 1948-65. By classification experiments with a continuous- Richard N. Uchida. June 1970, iv 37 transmission Doppler sonar, by Frank J. Hester, + pp., 6 figs., 22 tables. pp. 1-20, 14 figs., 4 tables; 2d paper, Acoustic target strength of several species of fish, by H. W. 616. Effect of quality of the spawning bed on growth Volberg, pp. 21-26, 10 figs. and development of pink salmon embryos and alevins. By Ralph A. Wells and William J. Mc- 608. Preliminary designs of traveling screens to col- Neil. August 1970, iii + 6 pp., 4 tables. lect juvenile fish. July 1970, v + 15 pp. 1st paper, Traveling screens for collection of juvenile 617. investigations, 1968. By NMFS, Ma- salmon (models I and II), by Daniel W. Bates rine Mammal Biological Laboratory. December and John G. Vanderwalker, pp. 1-5, 6 figs., 1 1970, iii 69 68 tables. table; 2d paper, Design and operation of a canti- + pp., levered traveling fish screen (model V), by Dan- 618. Spawning areas and abundance of steelhead iel W. Bates, Ernest W. Murphey, and Earl F. coho, sockeye, and chum salmon in Prentice, 10 figs., 1 table. trout and the Columbia River Basin - past and present. By Leonard A. Fulton. December 1970, iii + 37 pp., 609. Annotated bibliography of zooplankton sampling 6 figs., 11 maps, 9 tables. devices. By Jack W. Jossi. July 1970, iii + 90 pp. 619. Macrozooplankton and small nekton in the coastal waters off Vancouver Island (Canada) 610. Limnological study of lower Columbia River, and Washington, spring and fall of 1963. By 1967-68. By Shirley M. Clark and George R. Donald S. Day, January 1971, iii + 94 pp., 19 Snyder. July 1970, iii + 14 pp., 15 figs., 11 tables. figs., 13 tables.

611. Laboratory tests of an electrical barrier for con- Oceanography Pilot Study. trolling predation by northern squawfish. By 620. The Trade Wind Zone

: field and wind stress Galen H. Maxfield,' Robert H. Lander, and Part IX The sea-level wind R. Charles D. Volz. July 1970, iii + 8 pp., 4 figs., values, July 1963 to June 1965. By Gunter 5 tables. Seckel. June 1970, iii + 66 pp., 5 figs.

Continued on inside back cover. ^OWMOSP U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Peter G. Peterson, Secretary

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

Robert M. White, Administrator

NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE C° *%NT O* Philip M. Roedel, Director

NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-647

Revised Annotated List of Parasites from Sea Mammals Caught Off the West Coast of North America

L MARGOLIS and M. D. DAILEY

Marine Biological Ubanbry LIBRA * C P 1 3 1972

WcKds H „o.

SEAnLE, WA

March 1972

For sale by the Superintendent ol Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 35 cents The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS

Page Introduction 1 Parasite-host list 2 Trematoda 2 Cestoda 4 Nematoda 6 Acanthocephala 11 Copepoda 12 12 Anoplura 14 Acarina 14 Host-parasite list 15 Cetacea 15 Pinnipedia 17 Carnivora 18 Acknowledgments 18 Literature cited 18

in

Revised Annotated List of Parasites from Sea Mammals Caught Off the West Coast of North America

By

L. MARGOLIS Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station Nanaimo, B.C., Canada and M. D. DAILEY Department of Biology California State College at Long Beach Long Beach, California 90801

ABSTRACT

Parasite-host and host-parasite lists, with supporting references, of the ecto- and endoparasites recorded from marine mammals of the North American west coast are provided. Excluding records in which the parasites have not been identified to the spe- cies level, there are known 15 trematodes, 3 cestodes, 10 nematodes, 7 acanthocephalans, 1 copepod, and 10 amphipods from 22 species of Cetacea; 8 trematodes, 10 cestodes, 12 nematodes, 8 acanthocephalans, 5 anoplurans, and 5 acarines from 8 species of Pinni- pedia; and 4 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 1 nematode, 3 acanthocephalans, and 1 acarine from a single species of Carnivora. Previously unpublished records which are included here are: Anisakis simplex from Phocoenoides dalli and Orcinus orca, British Columbia; Cyamus balaenopterae from Balaenoptera musculus, California; Cyamus erraticus from Balaena glacialis, Alaska; Cyamus scammoni from Eschrichtius gibbosus, Alaska; Antarctophthirus trichechi from Odobenus rosmarus, Alaska.

INTRODUCTION area as well as furnish a current list of par- asites to nonparasitologists working with ma- In 1954, Margolis (1954a) published a list rine mammals. of parasites reported from marine mammals The revised list is restricted to organisms caught in waters off western North America generally considered to be true parasites. Ex- (Bering Strait to Mexico). This list was com- cluded are the nematode Odontobius ceti piled from the literature up to July 15, 1953. Roussel de Vauzeme, 1834 and the copepod During the 17 years since the preparation of Balaenophilus unisetus Aurivillius, 1879, which the first list there has been a marked increase live on the baleen plates of whales and are best in the interest in marine mammals, both as described as commensals; the , which objects of research and for display purposes. have a phoretic relationship with whales; and The numbers of necropsied and par- the lamprey, which is often regarded as a pred- asites recovered has grown rapidly. It was ator rather than a temporary parasite. considered worthwhile to bring this list up to As in the original list, we have included par- date in order to facilitate future work in this asites reported from Steller and California sea .

lions which have died in zoological parks or PARASITE-HOST LIST marine aquaria in New York; Maryland; Wash- ington, D.C.; Louisiana; California; Switzer- land; and Germany; as evidence indicates that Trematoda in most cases the sea lions were definitely cap- tured in western North American waters and Braunina cordiformis Wolf, 1903 were infected prior to capture. Information ob- Host: Turstops truncatus - bottle-nosed tained since publication of the first list has led dolphin. us to exclude Anisakis tridentatus Kreis, 1938 Locality: California. from the present list. This species was de- Recorded by: Johnston and Ridgway (1969). scribed by Kreis (1938) from material col- lected from the stomach and lungs of a "Eume- topias jubata Schreb." that had died in 1935 in Campula oblonga Cobbold, 1858 the Zoological Gardens, Basel, Switzerland. Ac- Host: Phocoena phocoena - harbour porpoise. cording to Dr. Hans A. Kreis (personal comm- Location: Liver. nication to L. Margolis, January 17, 1955), the Locality: Washington. host was probably Zalophus californianus rath- Recorded by: Ching and Robinson (1959). er than E. jubatus and was born in the Basel Zoological Gardens, living there until its death; Cryptocotyle jejuna (Nicoll, 1907) Ransom, its parents were imported from California. 1920 Clearly, since infection of the definitive host Host: Callorhinus ursinus - . with anisakid nematodes is via ingestion of in- Location: Intestine. termediate hosts, the must have become Locality: Alaska. infected in the Basel Zoo through its food, Recorded by: Neiland ( 1961 ) ; Keyes ( 1965) rather than directly from its parents. There- fore, A. tridentatus cannot be considered as a parasite that occurs on the west coast of North Hadwenius nipponicus Yamaguti, 1951 America. Host: Phocoena, phocoena - harbour porpoise. Tadros (1966) reported the nematode Spiro- Location: Stomach (fourth chamber). cerca lupi (Rudolphi, 1809) from tumours in Locality: Washington. the aorta of a Z. californianus which had died Recorded by: Ching and Robinson (1959). in the Giza Zoo, Cairo, UAR. No information was provided on the history of this Hadwenius seymouri Price, 1932 which would allow any speculation regarding Syn.: Odhneriella seymouri (Price, 1932) the origin of the infection; consequently this Skrjabin and Schulz, 1935. record is not included in the list. Host: Delphinapterus leucas - white whale. The present list has been compiled from the Location: Intestine. 1970. of literature up to December 31, Records Locality: Alaska. parasites that have not been identified at least Recorded by: Price (1932). to the generic level are not included, except Remarks: Skrjabin (1944) considered Had- for microfilariae in the blood. Several errors wenius to be a synonym of Odhneriella, but in the 1954 list are corrected here. A few pre- Yamaguti (1951) retained it as a valid genus viously unpublished records from the files of and described a second species. the first author are also included. For nomenclature of hosts we have followed Lecithodesmus sp.

Rice and Scheffer (1968) . In listing synonyms Hosts: Balaenoptera borealis - sei whale; of parasites give only those used in we names Megaptera novaeangliae - . the literature dealing with the parasites of ma- Location: Bile ducts. rine mammals from the North American west Locality: California. coast. Recorded by: Rice (1963). Lecithodesmus goliath (van Beneden, 1858) Nasitrema lanceolata Neiland, Rice and Holden, Odhner, 1905 1970 Host: Balaenoptera physalus - fin whale. Host: Globicephala macrorhyncha - short- Location: Bile ducts. finned pilot whale. Locality: British Columbia. Location: Air sinuses. Recorded by: Margolis and Pike (1955). Locality: California. Recorded by: Neiland et al. (1970).

Lecithodesmus spinosus Margolis and Pike, 1955 Nasitrema stenosoma Neiland, Rice and Holden, Host: Balaenoptera borealis - sei whale. 1970 Location: Bile ducts. Host: Stenella dubia - spotted dolphin. Locality: British Columbia. Location: Air sinuses. Recorded by: Margolis and Pike (1955). Locality: Mexico. Recorded by: Neiland et al. (1970). Microphallus pirum (Afanas'ev, 1941) Rausch, 1953 Ogmogaster antarcticus Johnston, 1931 Syn.: Microphallus enhydrae Rausch and Hosts: Balaenoptera physalus - fin whale; Locker, 1951. Eschrichtius gibbosus - gray whale. Host: Enhydra lutris - sea otter. Locations: Intestine and rectum. Location: Intestine. Localities: British Columbia; California.

Locality: Alaska. Recorded by: Rausch and Fay (1966) ; Rausch Recorded by: Rausch and Locker (1951); and Rice (1970).

Rausch (1953) ; Schiller (1954,1959); Ken- Remarks: Rausch and Fay (1966) separated yon (1969). Ogmogaster plicatus of Margolis and Pike (1955), from the fin whale, into O. plicatus Nasitrema attenuata Neiland, Rice and Holden, and O. antarcticus. 1970 Host: Pseudorca crassidens - false killer Ogmogaster pentalineatus Rausch and Fay, whale. 1966 Location: Air sinuses. Host: Eschrichtius gibbosus - gray whale. Locality: Mexico. Locations: Intestine and rectum. Recorded by: Neiland et al. (1970). Localities: Alaska; California.

Recorded by: Rausch and Fay (1966) ; Rausch Nasitrema delphini Neiland, Rice and Holden, and Rice (1970). 1970 Host: Delphimis delphis - common dolphin. Ogmogaster plicatus (Creplin, 1829) Jager- Location: Air sinuses. skiold, 1891 Locality: California. Hosts: Balaenoptera borealis - sei whale; Recorded by: Neiland et al. (1970). Balaenoptera physalus - fin whale. Locations: Intestine and rectum. Localities: Columbia; Nasitrema globicephalae Neiland, Rice and British California. Recorded by: Margolis and Pike Holden, 1970 (1955); Rausch and Fay (1966); Rausch and Rice Hosts: Globicephala macrorhyncha - short- (1970). finned pilot whale; Lagenorhynchus obliqui- dens - Pacific white-sided dolphin; Lissodel- phis borealis - northern right-whale dolphin; Ogmogaster trilineatus Rausch and Rice, 1970 Pseudorca crassidens - false killer whale. Host: Balaenoptera physalus - fin whale. Location: Air sinuses. Location: Rectum. Locality: California. Locality: California. Recorded by: Neiland et al. (1970). Recorded by: Rausch and Rice (1970). Orthosplanchnus arcticus Odhner, 1905 Stictodora ubelakeri Dailey, 1969 Host: Erignathus barbatus - bearded seal. Host: Zalophus californianus - California sea Locations: Gall bladder, bile ducts, pancre- lion. atic ducts. Location: Intestine. Locality: Alaska. Locality: California.

Recorded by: Johnson et al. (1966). Recorded by: Dailey (1969) ; Dailey and Hill (1970).

Orthosplanchnus fraterculus Odhner, 1905 Zalophotrema hepaticum Stunkard and Alvey, Hosts: Enhydra lutris- sea otter; Erignathus 1929 barbatus - bearded seal. Host: Zalophus californianus - California sea Locations: Gall bladder, bile ducts, pancre- lion. atic ducts. Location: Liver. Locality: Alaska. Localities: California and Baja California Recorded by: Rausch and Locker (1951); (wild and captive animals); New York Rausch (1953); Kenyon (1969). Aquarium; Washington, D.C. (zoo); Balti- more Zoo. Phocitrema fusiforme Goto and Ozaki, 1930 Recorded by: Stunkard and Alvey (1929, Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur 1930); Price (1932); Schroeder and Wege- seal; Enhydra lutris - sea otter; Phoca vitu- forth (1935); Fleischman and Squire lina richardi - harbour seal. (1970). Location: Intestine. Remarks: Of several species of pinnipeds ex- Locality: Alaska. amined from Baja California and from the Recorded by: Rausch and Locker (1951); San Diego, Calif., Zoo, Schroeder and Wege- Rausch (1953); Neiland (1961); Keyes forth (1935) did not specify in which they (1965). found Zalophotrema hepaticum.

Pricetrema zalophi (Price, 1932) Ciurea, 1933 Cestoda Syn.: Apophallus zalophi Price, 1932. Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur Abothrium gadi van Beneden, 1871 seal; lutris - sea otter; Eumetopias Enhydra Host: Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion. jubatus - Steller sea lion; Zalophus californi- Location: Intestine. anus - California sea lion. Locality: British Columbia. Location: Intestine. Recorded by: Margolis (1956). California; Washington, Localities: Alaska; Remarks: This is a typical parasite of marine D.C. (zoo). fishes of the family Gadidae. It must be re- Recorded by: Price (1932); Rausch and garded as a pseudoparasite of the sea lion, Neiland Locker (1951); Rausch (1953); its presence in this mammal indicating re- (1961); Keyes (1965); Dailey and Hill cent ingestion of a gadid. (1970). Remarks: Ciurea (1933) created a new genus, Diphyllobothrium spp. Pricetrema, for Apophallus zalophi Price, Hosts: Balaenoptera borealis - sei whale; 1932, described from the California sea lion. Erignathus barbatus - bearded seal. Location: Intestine. Stephanoprora denticidata (Rudolphi, 1802) Localities: Alaska; California. Odhner, 1910 Recorded by: Kenyon (1962); Rice (1963). Host: Zalophus californianus - California sea lion. Diphyllobothrium alascense Rausch and Wil- Location: Intestine. liamson, 1958 Locality: Washington, D.C. (zoo). Host: Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal. Recorded by: Price (1932). Location: Intestine. Locality: Alaska. Diphyllobothrium glaciale (Cholod- Recorded by: Rausch and Hilliard (1970). kovsky, 1915) Markowski, 1952. Diphyllobothrium krotovi Delya- mure, 1955. Diphyllobothrium cordatum (Leuckart, 1863) Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur Gedoelst, 1911 seal; Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion; Host: Erignathus barbatus - bearded seal. Zalophus californianus - California sea lion. Location: Intestine. Location: Intestine. Locality: Alaska. Localities: Alaska; British Columbia; Cali- Recorded by: Hilliard (1960). fornia.

Recorded by: Stiles and Hassall (1899) ; Ny-

belin (1931) ; Wardle, McLeod, and Stewart Diphyllobothrium lanceolatum (Krabbe, 1865) (1947); Stunkard (1948); Markowski Cooper, 1921 (1952); Margolis (1956); Keyes (1965); Hosts: Erignathus barbatus - bearded seal; Dailey and Hill (1970). Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal. Remarks: For a review of the history and Location: Intestine. synonymy of this species see Margolis Locality: Alaska. (1954a, 1956) and Baer et al. (1967). Recorded by: Stunkard and Schoenborn (1936); Stunkard (1948); Hilliard (1960); Rausch and Hilliard (1970). Diphyllobothrium schistochilus (Germanos, Remarks: Wardle, McLeod, and Stewart 1895) Meggitt, 1924 (1947) regarded this species as identical Host: Erignathus barbatus - bearded seal. with D. phocarum (Fabricius, 1780) and Location: Intestine. placed it in their new genus Cordicephalus. Locality: Alaska. Stunkard (1948) considered Cordicephalus Recorded by: Johnson et al. (1966). to be a direct synonym of Pyramicocephalus. Markowski (1952) agreed with Stunkard Diplogonoporus sp. and Schoenborn (1936) in identifying this Host: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur seal. species from the bearded seal as D. lanceo- Location: Intestine. latum. He replaced phocarum, a species Locality: Alaska. quite distinct from lanceolatum, in the genus Recorded by: Keyes Pyramicocephalus. (1965).

Diplogonoporus balaenopterae Lonnberg, 1892 Diphyllobothrium osmeri (von Linstow, 1878) Host: Megaptera novaeangliae - humpback Kuhlow, 1953 whale; unidentified whale. Host: Phoca vitulina. richardi - harbour seal. Location: Intestine. Location: Intestine. Localities: Washington; California. Locality: Alaska. Recorded by: Rice (1963); Rausch (1964). Recorded by: Neiland (1962).

Diplogonoporus fasciatus (Krabbe, 1865) Diphyllobothrium pacificum (Nybelin, 1931) Liihe, 1899 Margolis, 1956 Syn.: Diplogonoporus sp. Stunkard, 1948. Syns.: Bothriocephalus sp. Stiles and Has- Host: Eumetovias jubatus - Steller sea lion. sall, 1899. Location: Intestine. Adenocephalus septentrionalis Ny- Locality: Alaska. belin, 1931. Recorded by: Stunkard (1948). Cordicephalus arctocephalinus Remarks: Stunkard (1948) believed his Di- (Johnston, 1937) Wardle, Mc- plogonoporus sp. was possibly conspecific Leod, and Stewart, 1947, in part. with D. fasciatus (Krabbe, 1865), but dif- "Species No. 2" of Stunkard, 1948. ferent from the Diplogonoporus sp. from the Diplogonoporus fasciatus—Cont. Tetrabothrius sp. northern fur seal. Markowski (1952) con- Hosts: Balaenoptera borealis - sei whale; sidered Stunkavd's material as D. fasciatus. Eschrichtius gibbosus - gray whale. Location: Intestine. Locality: California. Diplogonoporus tetrapterus (von Seibold, Recorded by: Rice (1963). 1848) Ariola, 1896 Syn.: Diplogonoporus sp. Stunkard, 1948. Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur

- seal; Enhydra lutris sea otter ; Eumetopias Nematoda jubatus - Steller sea lion. Location: Intestine. Anisukis sp.

Localities: Alaska; British Columbia. Hosts: Balaenoptera borealis - sei whale; Recorded by: Stunkard (1948); Margolis Balaenoptera physalus - fin whale; Berardi- (1956); Rausch (1964); Kenyon (1969). us bairdi - North Pacific giant bottle-nose

Remarks: Diplogonoporus sp. of Stunkard whale; Megaptera novaeangliae - humpback (1948) was considered as D. tetrapterus by whale; Ore in us orcu - killer whale; Physeter Markowski (1952), with D. variabilis as a catodon - sperm whale; Ziphius cavirostris - synonym. goose-beaked whale. Location: Stomach. Phyllobothrium delphini (Bosc, 1802) Localities: Alaska; British Columbia; Wash- Hosts: Balaenoptera physalus - fin whale; ington; California.

Berardius bairdi - North Pacific giant bottle- Recorded by: Scheffer and Slipp (1948) ; Mar- nose whale; Delphinus delphis - common dol- golis and Pike (1955); Kenyon (1961); phin; Lagenorhynehus obliquidens - Pacific Rice (1963). white-sided dolphin; Physetcr catodon - sperm whale. Anisakis physeteris Baylis, 1923 Location: Blubber. Host: Physeter catodon - sperm whale. Localities: British Columbia; California. Locations: Stomach and intestine. Recorded by: Margolis and Pike (1955) ; Rice Localities: Alaska; British Columbia. (1963); Ridgway and Johnston (1965); Recorded by: Scheffer (1939); Margolis and Johnston and Ridgway (1969). Pike (1955). Remarks: A review of the literature on this cestode, which has an involved history, can be found in Delyamure (1955), Dollfus Anisakis similis (Baird, 1853) Baylis, 1920 (1964), and Williams (1968). Hosts: Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion; Mirounga angustirostris - northern elephant Pyramicocephalus }>hocarum (Fabricius, 1780) seal; Zalophus californianus - California sea Monticelli, 1890 lion. Hosts: Enhydra lutris - sea otter; Erignathus Location: Stomach.

barbatus - bearded seal; Phoca sp.; Pho- Localities: California (San Diego Zoo) ; Baja coena phocoena - harbour porpoise. California; Switzerland (Basel Zoo). Location: Intestine. Recorded by: Schroeder and Wegeforth Locality: Alaska. (1935); Caballero and Peregrina (1938); Recorded by: Rausch (1953); Hilliard Kreis (1940); Herman (1942). (1960); Kenyon (1962); Johnson et al. Remarks: Schroeder and Wegeforth (1935) (1966); Rausch and Hilliard (1970). reported stomach nematodes from the Cali- Remarks: Adult worms have been found only fornia sea lion, northern elephant seal, har- in the intestines of sea otter and the bearded bour seal, and "Galapagos fur seal" (Arcto- seal. Plerocercoids have been found free in cephalus australis galapagoensis) from Baja the stomach of Phoca sp. and the harbour California and the San Diego Zoo as Anisakis porpoise. similis and Contracaecum osculatum, but .

with one exception they did not indicate in Contracaecum sp. (larva) which pinniped (s) each of the nematode spe- Host: Pusa hispida - ringed seal. cies was found. Their Figure 2 bears the Location: Stomach. caption "Ulcer crater, California sea lion, Locality: Alaska. male, adult, imbedded with Anisikis [sic] Recorded by: Johnson et al. (1966). similis ad." Kreis' (1940) specimens of A. similis from the Basel Zoological Gardens Contracaecum oscukitum (Rudolphi, 1802) were obtained from "Otaria jubata Desm." Baylis, 1920 Syn.: Ascaris osculata Although it is not certain, we are considering Rudolphi, 1802. this host to be Eumetopias jubatus. Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur seal; Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion; Mirounga angustirostris - northern elephant Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) Baylis, 1920 seal; Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal; Hosts: Balaenoptera borealis - sei whale; Zalophus californianus - California sea lion. Berardius bairdi - North Pacific giant bottle- Location: Stomach and intestine, abnormally nose whale; Orcinus orca - killer whale; in brain. Phocoenoides dalli - Dall porpoise; Physeter Localities: Alaska; British Columbia; Cali- catodon - sperm whale. fornia; Baja California; Baltimore Zoo. Location: Stomach. Recorded by: Stiles and Hassall (1899); Locality: British Columbia. Schroeder and Wegeforth (1935) ; Caballero Recorded by: Mueller (1927a, b); Cornwall and Peregrina (1938); Herman (1942); (1928) ; Margolis and Pike (1955). Fisher (1952); Margolis (1956); Flores- Remarks: The records from Phocoenoides dalli Barroeta et al. (1961); Keyes (1965); John- and Orcinus orca are reported here for the son et al. (1966); Johnston and Ridgway first time. (1969); Dailey and Hill (1970) ; Fleischman and Squire (1970). Anisakis typica (Diesing, Baylis, 1920 1860) Remarks: See Anisakis similis for comments Syns.: Ascaris typica Diesing, 1860. on Schroeder and Wegeforth's (1935) rec- Ascaris simplex of Leidy, 1886. ords. Host: Unidentified dolphin (IDelphinus sp.) Location: Stomach. Crassicauda sp. Locality: Unspecified region of the Pacific. Hosts: Balaenoptera borealis - sei whale; Recorded by: Leidy (1886). Balaenoptera physalus - fin whale; Megap- Remarks: This record is included here with tera novaeangliae - humpback whale.

reservations because it is not known if the Location: Kidneys. host was captured in waters off North Amer- Locality: California. ica. Stiles and Hassall (1899) re-examined Recorded by: Rice (1963). Leidy's specimens and identified them as Crassicauda pacifica Margolis and Pike, 1955 Ascaris typica. Lyster (1940) and Margolis Host: Balaenoptera physalus - fin whale. and Pike (1955) regarded Anisakis typica Location: Kidneys. (Diesing, 1860) as a synonym of Anisakis Locality: British Columbia. simplex (Rudolphi, 1809), but recent studies Recorded by: Margolis and Pike (1955). (Kagei, Oshima, and Takemura, 1967; Ka- gei, 1969) support the view that they are Dipetalonema odendhali Perry, 1967 distinct species. Host: Zalophus californianus - California sea lion. Contracaecum sp. Locations: Muscle fascia, thoracic and ab- Host: Lagenorhynchus obliquidens - Pacific dominal cavities. white-sided dolphin. Locality: California (wild and captive sea Location: Brain. lions). Locality: California. Recorded by: Perry (1967); Dailey and Hill Recorded by: Martin et al. (1970). (1970). Dipetalonema odendhali—Cont. Dirofilaria spirocauda (sub judice) . Skrja- Remarks: Perry (1967) noted that Ander- bin and Shikhobalova (1948) named a new son's (1959) specimens from the testicular species, D. fausti, for Faust's material. sheath, subcutaneous tissue, and upper colon Faust's specimens are now accepted as D. of northern fur seals from Alaska, which the immitis, and Filaria spirocauda is regarded latter author doubtfully referred to Dipetalo- as a distinct species, Dipetalonema spiro- nema spirocauda, may belong- to D. odendhali. cauda (see Anderson, 1959). Perry (1967) expressed doubt that D. immitis occurs en- zootically in California sea lions and implied Dipetalonema spirocauda (Leidy, 1858) Ander- that the sea lion examined by Faust could son, 1959 have acquired its infection in New Orleans, - Hosts: ( ?) Callorhinus ursinus northern fur where D. immitis is enzootic. seal; Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal. Location: Heart. Dujardinia sp. Localities: (?) Alaska; California (captive Host: Zalophus californianus - California sea harbour seals). lion. Recorded by: Anderson (1959); Taylor et al. Location: Stomach. (1961); Keyes (1965). Locality: California (San Diego Zoo). Remarks: Like Anderson's (1959) specimens Recorded by: Herman (1942). from the northern fur seal from Alaska (see

Dipetalonema odendhali) , the specimens re- Halocercus invaginatus (Queckitt, 1841) ported by Keyes (1965) from subcutaneous Dougherty, 1943 tissues of the same host species from the Host: Phocoena phocoena - harbour porpoise. same locality may be D. odendhali. D. spi- Location: Lungs. rocauda and D. odendhali apparently differ Localities: Washington; California. in their sites of infection, the former being Recorded by: Dougherty (1943a, 1944); found in the heart and main arteries and Scheffer and Slipp (1948). the latter mainly in connective tissues (see Perry, 1967). For synonymy and a review Halocercus kirbyi Dougherty, 1944 of the of D. spirocauda, see An- Syn.: Halocercus sp. of Benson and Groody, derson (1959). 1942 and of Dougherty, 1943. Host: Phocoenoides dalli - Dall porpoise. Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) Ralliet and Location: Lungs. Henry, 1911 Locality: California. Syns.: Dirofilaria spirocauda (Leidy, 1858) Recorded by: Benson and Groody (1942); sub judice Faust, 1937. Dougherty (1943a, 1944). Dirofilaria fausti Skrjabin and Shi- khobalova, 1948. Parafilaroides sp. Dougherty and Herman, 1947 Host: Zalophus californianus - California sea Host: Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion. lion. Location: Lungs. Location: Heart. Localities: British Columbia; California (wild Locality: Zoological Garden, New Orleans, and captive animals). La. (animal captured at Sea Cliffs, Calif.). Recorded by: Dougherty and Herman (1947); Recorded by: Faust (1937). Margolis (1956); Dailey and Hill (1970). Remarks: Faust (1937) did not definitely de- cide on the specific identity of his specimens. Parafilaroides decorus Dougherty and Herman, He recognized that they were morphologi- 1947 cally indistinguishable from the type material Syns.: Filaroides sp. of Dougherty, 1943. of Dirofilaria immitis; however, he associ- Parafilaroides sp. of Dougherty, ated them provisionally with Filaria spiro- 1946. cauda Leidy, 1958 (the types of which were Host: Zalophus californianus - California sea not available for restudy) under the name lion. Location: Lungs. Recorded by: Babero and Thomas (1960). Locality: California (wild and captive ani- Remarks: Dougherty (1949) considered Oto- mals); Baltimore Zoo. phocaenurus Skrjabin, 1942 to be a synonym of Pharurus Leukart, and transferred Recorded by: Dougherty (1943b, 1946) ; 1848, Dougherty and Herman (1947); Johnston 0. oserskoi Skrjabin, 1942 to the latter genus. view and Ridgway (1969); Dailey (1970) ; Dailey This was upheld by Babero and Thomas but not by Soviet authors (see Skr- and Hill (1970) ; Fleischman and Squire (1960) (1970). jabin et al., 1952; Delyamure, 1955). The specific name was modified by Dougherty

Parafilaroides nanus Dougherty and Herman, ( 1949) from oserskoi to oserskaiaae and sub- 1947 sequently emended (Dougherty, 1951) to Syns.: Filaroides sp. of Dougherty, 1943. oserskaiae. Babero and Thomas (1960) Parafilaroides sp. of Dougherty, spelled the specific name oserkaiae. 1946. Host: Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion. Placentonema sp. Location: Lungs. Host: Phocoenoides dalli - Dall porpoise. Locality: California (San Diego Zoo). Location: Mammary glands. Recorded by: Dougherty (1943b, 1946); Locality: California.

Dougherty and Herman (1947). Recorded by: Ridgway (1966) ; Johnston and Ridgway (1969). Parafilaroides prolificus Dougherty and Her- man, 1947 Placentonema gigantissima Gubanov, 1951 Syns.: Filaroides sp. of Dougherty, 1943. Host: Physeter catodon - sperm whale. Parafilaroides sp. of Dougherty, Location: Placenta. 1946. Locality: California. Host: Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion. Recorded by: Rice (1963). Location: Lungs. Locality: California (San Diego Zoo). Porrocaecum sp. Recorded by: Dougherty (1943b, 1946); Host: Zalophus californianus - California sea Dougherty and Herman (1947). lion. Location: Stomach. Pharurus convolutus (Kiihn, 1829) Dougherty, Locality: California (San Diego Zoo). 1943 Recorded by: Herman (1942). Host: Phocoena phocoena - harbour porpoise. Remarks: This species is undoubtedly a Location: Lungs. Terranova, likely T. decipiens. Localities: Washington; California. Recorded by: Dougherty (1943a); Scheffer Stenurus minor (Kiihn, 1829) Baylis and and Slipp (1948). Daubney, 1925 Remarks: Soviet authors (see Skrjabin et al., Syns.: Stenurus phocoenae Dougherty, 1943. 1952; Delyamure, 1955) do not recognize Stenurus vagans (Eschricht, 1841) Pharurus Leuckart, 1848 as a valid genus. Dougherty, 1943. They use the designation Torynurus convo- Hosts: Phocoena phocoena - harbour porpoise; lutus (Kiihn, 1829) Baylis and Daubney, Phocoenoides dalli - Dall porpoise. 1925 for this species. Dougherty (1943a) Locations: Lungs and head sinuses. considered Torynurus Baylis and Daubney, Locality: California. 1925 as a synonym of Pharurus. Recorded by: Dougherty (1943a, c); John- ston and Ridgway (1969). Pharurus oserkaiae (Skrjabin, 1942) Dough- Remarks: Dougherty (1943a, c) argued that erty, 1949 the name minor was not available for this Host: Delphinapterus leucas - white whale. nematode and proposed for it first the new Location: Head sinuses. name phocoenae and later vagans. His views Locality: Alaska. seem not to have been generally accepted. Terranovadecipiens (Krabbe, 1878) Mozgovoy, Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) Railliet, 1895 1951 (larva) Host: Odobenus rosmarus - ; Phoca Syns.: Ascaris decipiens Krabbe, 1878. Porrocaecum decipiens (Krabbe, sp. Location: Muscle. 1878) Baylis, 1920. Locality: Alaska. Phocanema decipiens (Krabbe, Recorded by: Rausch et al. (1956); Fay 1878) Myers, 1959. (1960). ursinus - northern fur Hosts: Callorhinus Remarks: Rausch et al. (1956) also reported - Erignathus seal; Enhydra lutris sea otter; Trichinella spiralis larvae from Erignathus jubatus barbatus - bearded seal; Eumetopias barbatus and Delphinapterus leucas in Arctic richardi - - Steller sea lion; Phoca vitidina Alaska. harbour seal; Pusa hispida - ringed seal.

Location: Stomach. Uncinaria sp. Localities: Alaska; British Columbia; Wash- Host: Zalophus californianus - California sea ington. lion. Recorded by: Stiles and Hassall (1899); Location: Intestine. Locality: California. Scheffer and Slipp (1944) ; Scheffer (1945); Fisher (1952); Rausch (1953); Schiller Recorded by: Dailey and Hill (1970). Remarks: Dailey and Hill (1970) considered (1954); Margolis (1956); Neiland (1961); specimens to be identical with those Kenyon (1962,1969); Keyes (1965); John- their tentatively identified by Baylis (1933) from son et al. (1966). a sea lion from the San Francisco Bay area Remarks: The nomenclatural combination as Uncinaria hamiltoni (see below). Terranova decipiens apparently was first published by either Mozgovoy (1951) or Uncinaria hamiltoni Baylis, 1933 Skrjabin et al. (1951). According to in- Host: (?) Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea colleagues in the formation received from lion. USSR it is not known which of these two Location: Intestine. publications was issued first. The cor- Locality: California. rected proofs of Mozgovoy (1951) and Recorded by: Baylis (1933, 1947).

Skrjabin et al. (1951) were returned to Remarks: Baylis doubtfully assigned materi- the publisher on July 20, 1951, and June al obtained "from a sea lion at Palo Alto, San Francisco Bay, California" to Uncinaria 4, 1951 (the "podpisano k pechati" dates hamiltoni although the measurements did not shown on these publications), respectively, agree with the material collected from Otaria but it does not follow that the first to be byronia. Baylis assumed the sea lion was returned was necessarily the first to be Eumetopias jubatus inasmuch as it is the published. In view of this uncertainty it "commoner of the two species of sea lions just to consider Mozgovoy as the would seem occurring in the region of San Francisco author of the combination T. decipiens be- Bay." Accepting the validity of Dochmoides cause apparently he used this name in a Cameron, 1924 as a replacement for Unci- thesis written in 1949 and, as a co-author of naria Frolich, 1789, Wolfgang (1956) trans- Skrjabin et al. (1951), he was responsible ferred U. hamiltoni to Dochmoides. for the section on Ascaridata in that book. who have been erroneously re- Authors Uncinaria lucasi Stiles, 1901 garded as the originators of the combina- Syn.: Uncinaria sp. of Stiles and Hassall, tion T. decipiens are Baylis (1916), Johns- 1899. ton and Mawson (1945), and Mozgovoy Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur (1953) (see Mozgovoy, 1951, 1953; Skrjabin seal; Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion.

et al., 1951; Margolis, 1956; Myers, 1959). Location: Intestine.

10 .

Locality: Alaska. Corynosoma enhydri Morosov, 1940 Recorded by: Stiles and Hassall (1899); Syns.: Corynosoma macrosomum Neiland, Stiles (1901); Baylis (1947); Olsen (1958); 1962. Olsen and Lyons (1962, 1965); Keyes Corynosoma sp. of Van Cleave, (1965). 1953. Host: Erihydra lutris - sea otter.

Unidentified microfilariae Location : Intestine.

- Hosts : Zalophus californianus California sea Locality: Alaska. lion; Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea Recorded by: Van Cleave (1953b); Neiland lion. (1962); Kenyon (1969). Location: Blood. Remarks: In a mimeographed report by Jel- Locality: California (animals in captivity, lison and Neiland (1965), Corynosoma mac- originally caught off California coast) rosomum is recognized as a synonym of C. Recorded by: Taylor et al. (1961); Perry enhydri. (1967). Corynosoma falcatum Van Cleave, 1953 Host: Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour Acanthocephala seal. Location: Intestine. Bolbosoma sp. Locality: Alaska. borealis - sei whale; Hosts: Balaenoptera Recorded by: Van Cleave (1953a, b). - Balaenoptera musculus blue whale ; Megap- Remarks: Van Cleave gave the host as Hal- tera novaeangliae - whale. humpback ichoerus grypus, the gray seal. Kruidenier Location: Intestine. (1954) pointed out that this species of seal Locality: California. does not occur in the Pacific and that the Recorded by: Rice (1963). host was almost certainly Phoca vitulina richardi. Bolbosoma balaenae (Gmelin, 1790) Meyer, 1932 Corynosoma obtuscens Lincicome, 1943 Host: Unidentified whale. Host: Zalophus californianus - California sea Location: Intestine. lion. Locality: Washington. Location: Intestine. Recorded by: Van Cleave (1953b). Locality: California (wild and captive ani- mals). Bolbosoma turbineUa (Diesing, 1851) Porta, Recorded by: Lincicome (1943); Van Cleave 1908 (1953a, b); Dailey and Hill (1970). Host: Balaenoptera borealis - sei whale. Location: Intestine. Corynosoma semerme (Forssell, 1904) Liihe, Locality: British Columbia. 1911 Recorded by: Margolis and Pike (1955). Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur seal; Delphinapterus leucas - white whale; Corynosoma sp. Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal; un- Host: Pusa hispida - ringed seal. identified seals. Location: Intestine. Location: Intestine. Locality: Alaska. Locality: Alaska. Recorded by: Johnson et al. (1966). Recorded by: Van Cleave (1953b) ; Neiland (1962). Corynosoma alaskensis Golvan, 1959 Remarks: Fisher's (1952) report of this spe- Host: Phocoena phocoena - harbour porpoise. cies from the harbour seal in British Colum- Location: Intestine. bia proved to be erroneous; his specimens Locality: Alaska. were redetermined as Corynosoma strumo- Recorded by: Golvan (1959). sum (see Margolis, 1956).

11 ;

Corynosoma similis Neiland, 1962 Localities: Alaska; British Columbia. Hosts: CaUorhirms ursinus - northern fur Recorded by: Rausch and Locker (1951); seal; Delphinapterus leucas - white whale. Rausch (1953); Van Cleave (1953a, b) Location: Intestine. Schiller (1954); Margolis (1956); Golvan Locality: Alaska. (1959). Recorded by: Neiland (1962). Corynosoma wegeneri Heinze, 1934 Corynosoma strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802) Syn.: Corynosoma hadweni Van Cleave, Liihe, 1904 1953. Syn.: Corynosoma osmeri Fujita, 1921. Hosts: Delphinapterus leucas - white whale; Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal; Phoca seal; Delphinapterus leucas - white whale; sp.; Pusa hispida - ringed seal; unidentified Enhydra lutris - sea otter; Eumetopias ju- seals. batus - Steller sea lion; Phoca vitulina Location: Intestine. richardi - harbour seal; Phoca sp.; Zalophus Locality: Alaska. californiamis - California sea lion; unidenti- Recorded by: Van Cleave (1953a, b); Neil- fied seals. and (1962). Location: Intestine. Remarks: Margolis (1955b) considered Cor-

Localities: Alaska; British Columbia ; Wash- ynosoma hadweni to be a synonym of C. weg- ington; California. eneri. Halichoerus grypus was erroneously Recorded by: Ball (1930); Lincicome (1943); included by Van Cleave (1953a, b) as a host Scheffer and Slipp (1944); Van Cleave of C. hadweni in Alaska; according to Krui- (1953a, b); Rausch (1953); Margolis denier (1954) this host was almost certainly (1956); Neiland (1961, 1962); Keyes Phoca vitulina richardi. (1965); Kenyon (1969); Dailey and Hill (1970). Remarks: Van Cleave (1953a, b) considered Copepoda Corynosoma osmeri Fujita, 1921, recorded by Lincicome (1943) from the California sea Pennella balaenopterae Koren and Danielssen, lion, as a synonym of C. strumosum. Hal- 1877 ichoerus grypus was erroneously included by Hosts: Balaenoptera borealis - sei whale; Van Cleave (1953b) as a host of C. strtimo- Balaenoptera physalus - fin whale. sum in Alaska; according to Kruidenier Location: Head embedded in blubber, trunk (1954) this host was almost certainly Phoca external. vitulina richardi. Localities: British Columbia; California. Recorded by: Cornwall (1927, 1928, 1955); Corynosoma validum Van Cleave, 1953 Rice (1963). Hosts: Erignathus barbatus - bearded seal; Odobenus rosmarus - walrus; Phoca sp.; un- Amphipoda identified seal. Location: Intestine. Cyamus sp. Locality: Alaska. Host: Berardius bairdi - North Pacific giant Recorded by: Van Cleave (1953a, b); Ken- bottle-nose whale. yon (1962). Location: Skin. Localities: British Columbia; California. Corynosoma villosum Van Cleave, 1953

Recorded by: Rice (1963) ; Leung (1965). Syn.: Corynosoma sp. of Rausch and Lock- er, 1951 and Rausch, 1953. Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur Cyamus balaenopterae Barnard, 1932

seal ; Enhydra lutris - sea otter; Eumetopias Hosts: Balaenoptera acutorostrata - minke jubatus - Steller sea lion; unidentified seal. whale; Balaenoptera musculus - blue whale; Location: Intestine. Balaenoptera physalus - fin whale.

12 Location: Skin. Seattle, and has not been published previ- Localities: Alaska; British Columbia; Cali- ously. fornia. Recorded by: Margolis (1959); Leung Cyamus gracilis R. de Vauzeme, 1834 (1965). Syn.: Cyamus gracilis Dall, 1874. Remarks: The record from the blue whale Host: Balaena glacialis - black right whale. (California) was previously unpublished and Location: Skin. is based on a collection obtained for identi- Locality: Alaska. fication from D. W. Rice, National Marine Recorded by: Dall (1874); Leung (1965). Fisheries Service, Seattle. Remarks: Liitken (1887) re-examined Dall's specimens and found them to be identical Cyamus boopis Liitken, 1870 with Cyamus gracilis R. de Vauzeme, 1834. Syns.: Cyamus stiffusus Dall, 1872. Paracyamus boopis (Liitken, 1870) Cyamus kessleri Brandt, 1872 Sars, 1895. Host: Eschrichtius gibbosus - gray whale. Host: Megaptera novaeangliae - humpback Location: Skin. whale. Locality: California. Location: Skin. Recorded by: Leung (1965). Localities: Alaska; British Columbia; Cali- Remarks: This whale-louse has been reported fornia. from Arctic Alaska (Hurley and Mohr, 1957; Recorded by: Dall (1872a, b); Scammon Leung, 1965).

(1874); Cornwall (1928) ; Scheffer (1939); Margolis (1954b, 1955a); Rice (1963); Cyamus ovalis R. de Vauzeme, 1834 Leung (1965). Syn.: Cyamus tentator Dall, 1874. Remarks: For review of synonymy and tax- Host: Balaena glacialis - black right whale. onomy see Margolis (1954a, b; 1955a). Location: Skin. Locality: Alaska. Cyamus catodontis Margolis, 1954 Recorded by: Dall (1874). Host: Physeter catodon - sperm whale. Remarks: Liitken (1887) re-examined some Location: Skin. of Dall's specimens of C. tentator and found Locality: British Columbia. them to be identical with C. ovalis. Recorded by: Margolis (1954b, 1955a); Leung (1965). Cyamus scammoni Dall, 1872 Host: Eschrichtius gibbosus - gray whale. Cyamus ceti (Linnaeus, 1758) Lamarck, 1801 Location: Skin. Syn.: Cyamus mysticeti Liitken, 1870; Localities: Alaska; British Columbia; Cali- Dall, 1872. fornia. Hosts: Balaena mysticetus - bowhead whale; Recorded by: Dall (1872a); Scammon Eschrichtius gibbosus - gray whale. (1874); Liitken (1887); Margolis (1954b, Location: Skin. 1955a); Rice (1963); Leung (1965). Localities: Alaska; California. Remarks: The Alaskan record was previously Recorded by: Dall (1872b); Scammon unpublished and is based on material col- (1874); Rice (1963); Leung (1965). lected at St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea by Dr. F. H. Fay, Arctic Health Research Cyamus erraticus R. de Vauzeme, 1834 Laboratory, College, Alaska. Hurley and Host: - Balaena glacialis black right whale. Mohr (1957) and Leung (1965) reported Location: Skin. this species from the Arctic coast of Alaska. Localities: Alaska; British Columbia. Recorded by: Margolis (1955a). Neocyamus physeteris (Pouchet, 1888) Mar- Remarks: The Alaskan record is based on golis, 1955 specimens received for identification from D. Host: Physeter catodon - sperm whale.

W. Rice, National Marine Fisheries Service, Location : Skin.

13 Neocyamus physeteris—Cont. Margolis (1956); Thorsteinson and Lensink Locality: British Columbia. (1962); Dailey and Hill (1970). Recorded by: Margolis (1959); Leung Remarks: The only report of this louse from (1965). the harbour seal was from captive animals in the San Diego Zoo where Doetschman Platycyamus sp. (1944b) found it on all three hosts listed Host: Berardius bairdi - North Pacific giant above. bottle-nose whale. Location: Skin. Antarctophthirus trichechi (Bohemann, 1865) Locality: British Columbia. Enderlein, 1909 Recorded by: Leung (1965). Host: Odobenus rosmarus - walrus. Location: Skin. Syncyamus sp. Locality: Alaska. Tursiops truncatus - bottle-nosed dol- Host: Remarks: This record is based on informa- phin. tion received from the late Prof. G. J. Spen- Skin. Location: cer, University of British Columbia, who Mexico. Locality: identified a collection of lice from walrus by: Leung (1967). Recorded taken at St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea (personal communication to L. Margolis, Syncyamus sp. February 25, 1955). Weber (1950) previ- Host: Stenella longirostris - long-beaked dol- ously reported this species from the walrus phin. in Arctic Alaska (Point Barrow). Location: Skin. Locality: Mexico. Echinophthirius horridus (Olfers, 1816) Fahr- Recorded by: Leung (1970). enholz, 1919 Hosts: Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal; Anoplura Pusa hispida - ringed seal. Location: Skin. Antarctophthirus callorhini (Osborn, 1899) Localities: Alaska; British Columbia; Cali- McAtee, 1923 fornia (wild and captive animals). Syns.: Haematopinus callorhini Osborn, Recorded by: Ferris (1934, 1951); Margolis 1899. (1956); Brown et al. (1960); Taylor et al. Antarctophthirus monachus Kellogg (1961). and Ferris, 1915. Host: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur seal. Proechinophthirus fluctus (Ferris, 1916) Location: Skin. Ewing, 1923 Locality: Alaska. Syn.: Echinophthirius fluctus Ferris, 1916. Kellogg and Recorded by: Osborn (1899) ; Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur Ferris McAtee (1923); Ferris (1915); seal ; Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion. (1934, 1951); Jellison (1952); Keyes Location: Skin. (1965). Localities: Alaska; California (Stanford Mu- seum specimen). Antarctophthirus microchir (Trouessart and Recorded by: Ferris (1916, 1934, 1951); Neumann, 1888) Enderlein, 1906 Ewing (1923); McAtee (1923); Keyes Hosts: Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion; (1965). Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal; Za- lophus californianus - California sea lion. Location: Skin. Acarina Localities: Alaska; British Columbia; Cali- fornia (wild and captive animals). Halarachne sp. - lion; Recorded by: Ferris (1916, 1934, 1951) ; Hosts: Eumetopias jubatus Steller sea Doetschman (1944b); Jellison (1952); Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal.

14 Location: Naso-pharynx. Location: Bronchioles and trachea. Localities: British Columbia; California. Localities: Alaska; British Columbia; Cali- Recorded by: Ferris (1942); Fisher (1952); fornia. Margolis (1956). Recorded by: Doetschman (1944a); Newell

(1947) ; Margolis (1956); Thorsteinson and Halarachne halichoeri Allman, 1847 Lensink (1962); Keyes (1965); Dailey Syn.: Halarachne otariae of Ferris, 1925, (1970); Dailey and Hill (1970). in part. Remarks: Thorsteinson and Lensink (1962) Host: Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal. referred to their specimens from Eumetopias Location: Naso-pharynx. jubatus as "nose ." It seems likely, Localities: Washington; California. therefore, that they had either Orthohalar- Recorded by: Ferris (1925, 1942); Scheffer achne attenuata or O. zalophi, which occur in and Slipp (1944). the nasal passages, rather than O. diminuata, Remarks: Ferris (1925) identified specimens which occurs deeper in the respiratory sys- from Pacific Grove, Calif., as Halarachne tem. otariae Steding, 1923. In 1942 he redeter- mined these specimens as H. halichoeri. Orthohalarachne zalophi (Oudemans, 1916) Newell (1947) doubted the existence of this Newell, 1947 species on the Pacific coast of North Amer- Syns.: Halarachne zalophi Oudemans, ica and referred the above records of it to 1916. H. miroungae. Halarachne otariae Steding, 1923. Hosts: Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion; Halarachne miroungae Ferris, 1925 Zalophus califoi-nianus - California sea lion. Hosts: Enhydra lutris - sea otter; Mirounga Location: Naso-pharynx. angustirostris - northern elephant seal; Localities: California (wild and captive ani- Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal. mals); Germany (Gottingen Zoo). Location: Naso-pharynx. Recorded by: Oudemans (1916, 1926); Ste- Localities: Alaska; California (San Diego ding (1923); Doetschman (1941); Ferris

Zoo) ; Baja California. (1942); Newell (1947). Recorded by: Ferris (1925, 1942); Doetsch- Remarks: Oudemans (1916) and Steding man (1941); Newell (1947); Kenyon et al. (1923) described Halarachne zalophi and H. (1965); Kenyon (1969). otariae, respectively, from the same Cali- fornia sea lion in Gottingen. Ferris (1942) Orthohalarachne attenuata (Banks, 1910) and Newell (1947) considered H. otariae Newell, 1947 identical with H. zalophi, the latter author Syn.: Halarachne attenuata Banks, 1910. transferring the species to Orthohalarachne. Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur seal; Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion; Zalophus californianus - California sea lion. HOST-PARASITE LIST Location: Naso-pharynx. Localities: Alaska; Oregon; California. Recorded by: Banks (1910); Oudemans Cetacea (1926); Newell (1947); Keyes (1965); Dailey and Hill (1970). Balaena glacialis - black right whale. Amphipoda: Cyamus erraticus, C. gracilis, C. Orthohalarachne diminuata (Doetschman, ovalis. 1944) Newell, 1947 Syn.: Halarachne diminuata Doetschman, Balaena mysticetus - northern bowhead whale. 1944. Amphipoda: Cyamus ceti. Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur seal; Eumetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion; Balaenoptera acutorostrata - minke whale. Zalophus californianus - California sea lion. Amphipoda: Cyamus balaenopterae.

15 Balaenoptera borealis - sei whale. Lagenorhynchus obliquidens - Pacific white- Trematoda: Lecithodesmus sp., L. spinosus, sided dolphin. Ogmogaster plicatus. Trematoda: Nasitrema globicephalae. Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium spp., Tetraboth- Cestoda: PhyUobothrium delphini. rius sp. Nematoda: Contracaecum sp. Nematoda: Anisakis sp., A. simplex, Crassi- cauda sp. Lissodelphis borealis - northern right-whale Acanthocephala: Bolbosoma sp., B. turbinella. dolphin. Copepoda: Pennella balaenopterae. Trematoda: Nasitrema globicephalae.

Balaenoptera musculus - blue whale. Megaptera novaeangliae - humpback whale. Acanthocephala: Bolbosoma, sp. Trematoda: Lecithodesmus sp. Amphipoda: Cyamus balaenopterae. Cestoda: Diplogonoporus balaenopterae. Nematoda: Anisakis sp., Crassicauda sp. Balaenoptera physalus - fin whale. Acanthocephala: Bolbosoma sp. Trematoda: Lecithodesmus goliath, Ogmo- Amphipoda: Cyamus boopis. gaster antarcticus, 0. plicatus, 0. trilinea- tus. Orcinus orca - killer whale. Cestoda: PhyUobothrium delphini. Nematoda: Anisakis sp., A. simplex. Nematoda: Anisakis sp., Crassicauda sp., C. pacifica. Copepoda: Pennella balaenopterae. Phocoena phocoena - harbour porpoise. Amphipoda: Cyamus balaenopterae. Trematoda: Campula oblonga, Hadivenius nipponicus. Cestoda: Berardius bairdi - North Pacific giant bottle- Pyramicocephahis phocarum plero- nose whale. cercoids. Cestoda: PhyUobothrium delphini. Nematoda: Halocercus invaginatus, Pharur- convolutus, Stenurus Nematoda: Anisakis sp., A. simplex. us minor. Acanthocephala: alaskensis. Amphipoda: Cyamus sp., Platycyamus sp. Corynosoma

Delphinapterus leucas - white whale. Phocoenoides dalli - Dall porpoise. Trematoda: Hadivenius seymouri. Nematoda: Anisakis simplex, Halocercus kir- Nematoda: Pharurus oserskaiae. byi, Placentonema sp., Stenurus minor. Acanthocephala: Corynosoma semerme, C.

similis, C. strumosum, C. wegeneri. Physeter catodon - sperm whale. Cestoda: PhyUobothrium delphini. delphis - Delphinus common dolphin. Nematoda: Anisakis sp., A. physeteris, A. Trematoda: Nasitrema delphini. simplex, Placentonema gigantissima. Cestoda: PhyUobothrium delphini. Amphipoda: Cyamus catodontis, Neocyamus physeteris. Eschrichtius gibbosus - gray whale. Trematoda: Ogmogaster antarcticus, 0. pen- Pseudorca crassidens - false killer whale. talineatus. Trematoda: Nasitrema attenuata, N. globi- Cestoda: Tetrabothrius sp. cephalae. Amphipoda: Cyamus ceti, C. kessleri, C. scammoni. Stenella dubia - spotted dolphin.

Globicephala macrorhyncha - short-finned pilot Trematoda: Nasitrema stenosoma. whale.

Trematoda: Nasitrema globicephalae, N. lan- Stenella longirostris - long-beaked dolphin. ceolata. Amphipoda: Syncyamus sp.

16 ,

Tursiops truncatus - bottle-nose dolphin. Anoplura: Antarctophthirus microchir, Pro- Trematoda: Braunina cordiformis. echinophthirus fluctus. Amphipoda: Syncyamus sp. Acarina: Hakirachne sp., Orthohalarachne attenuata, 0. diminuata, 0. zalophi.

Ziphius cavirostris - goose-beaked whale. Nematoda: Anisakis sp. Mirounga angustirostris - northern elephant seal. Unidentified dolphin. Nematoda: Anisakis similis, Contracaecum Nematoda: Anisakis typica. osculatum. Acarina: Halarachne miroungae. Unidentified whales. Cestoda: Diplogonoporus balaenopterae. Odobenus rosmarus - walrus. Acanthocephala: Bolbosoma balanae. Nematoda: Trichinella spiralis (larva). Acanthocephala: Corynosoma validum. Anoplura: Antarctophthirus trichechi. Pinnipedia

Phoca vitulina richardi - harbour seal. Callorhinus ursinus - northern fur seal. Trematoda: Phocitrema fusiforme. Trematoda: Cryptocotyle jejuna, Phocitrema Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium alascense, D. lan- fusiforme, Pricetrema zalophi. ceolatum, D. osmeri. Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium pacificum, Diplo- Nematoda: Contracaecum osculatum, Dipet- gonoporus sp., D. tetrapterus. alonema spirocauda, Terranova decipi- Nematoda: Contracaecum osculatum, Dipeta- ens. lonema (?) spirocauda, Terranova decipiens, Acanthocephala: Corynosoma falcatum, C. Uncinaria lucasi. semerme, C. strumosum, C. wegeneri. Acanthocephala: Corynosoma semerme, C. si- Anoplura: Antarctophthirus microchir, Echi- milis, C. strumosum, C. villosum. nophthirius horridus. Anoplura: Antarctophthirus callorhini, Proe- Acarina: Halarachne sp., H. halichoeriC.) chinophthirus fluctus. H. miroungae. Acarina: Orthohalarachne attenuata, 0. di- minuata. Pusa hispida - ringed seal. Nematoda: Contracaecum sp., Terranova de- Erignathiis barbatus - bearded seal. cipiens. Trematoda: Orthosplanchnus arcticus, 0. fra- Acanthocephala: Corynosoma sp., C. wegeiv- terculus. eri. Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium cordatum, D. lan- Anoplura: Echinophthirius horridus.

ceolatum, D. schistochilus , Pyramicocepha-

lus phocarum. Zalophus califomianus - California sea lion. Nematoda: Terranova decipiens. Trematoda: Pricetrema zalophi, Stictodora Acanthocephala: Corynosoma validum. ubelakeri, Stephanoprora denticulata, Zal- ophotrema hepaticum. Eiimetopias jubatus - Steller sea lion. Cestoda: Diphyllobothrium pacificum. Trematoda: Pricetrema zalophi. Nematoda: Anisakis similis, Contracaecum Cestoda: Abothrium gadi, Diphyllobothrium osculatum, Dipetalonema odendhali, Dirofi- pacificum, Diplogonoporus fasciatus, D. te- laria immitis, Dujardinia sp., Parafilaroides trapterus. decorus, Porrocaecum sp., Uncinaria sp., Nematoda: Anisakis similis, Contracaectim microfilariae. osculatum, Parafilaroides sp., P. nanus, P. Acanthocephala: Corynosoma obtuscens, C. prolifictis, Terranova decipiens, Uncinaria strumosum. hamiltoni, U. lucasi, microfilariae. Anoplura: Antarctophthirus microchir. Acanthocephala: Corynosoma strumosum, C. Acarina: Orthohalarachne attenuata, O. di- villosum. minuata, 0. zalophi.

17 .

Unidentified seals. Banks, N. Cestoda: Pyramicocephalus phocarum plero- 1910. New American mites [Arachnoidea, Aca- rina]. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 12: 2-12. cercoids. Baylis, H. A. Acanthocephala: Corynosoma semerme, C. 1916. Some ascarids in the British Museum (Na- strumosum, C. validum, C. villosum, C. ive- tural History). Parasitology 8: 360-378. generi. 1933. A new species of the nematode genus Unci- naria from a sea-lion, with some Nematoda: Trichinella spiralis (larva). observations on related species. Parasitology 25: 308-316. 1947. A redescription of Uncinaria hicasi Stiles, a hookworm of seals. Parasitology 38: 160- Carnivora 162. Benson, S. B., and T. C. Groody. 1942. Notes on the Dall porpoise (Phocoenoides 41-51. Enhydra lutris - sea otter. dalli). J. Mammal. 23: Brown, D. H., R. W. Mclntyre, C. A. Delliquadri, Trematoda: Orthosplanchnus fratereulus, and R. J. Schroeder. Microphallus pirum, Phoeitrema fusiforme, 1960. Health problems of captive dolphins and Pricetrema zalophi. seals. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 137: 534-538. Cestoda: Diplogonoporus tetrapterus, Pyra- Caballero y C, E., and D. I. Peregrina. micocephalus phocarum. 1938. Nematodos de los mamiferos de Mexico. An. Inst. Biol, Mexico 9: 289-306. Nematoda: Terranova decipiens. Ching, H. L., and E. S. Robinson. Acanthocephala: Corynosoma enhydri, C. 1959. Two campulid trematodes from a new host, strumosum, C. villosum. the harbor porpoise. J. Parasitol. 45: 181.

Acarina: Halarachne miroungae. Ciurea, I. 1933. Les vers parasites de l'homme, des mam- miferes, et des oiseaux provenant des poissons du Danube et de la Mer Noire. Premier ACKNOWLEDGMENTS memoire. Trematodes, famille Heterophyidae Odhner, avec un essai de classification des trematodes de la superfamille Heterophyoidea Faust. Arch. Roum. Pathol. Exp. Microbiol. The assistance of Dr. R. L. Rausch, Arctic 6: 5-134. Health Research Laboratory, Alaska, and S. Cornwall, I. E. Prudhoe, British Museum (Natural History), 1927. Some North Pacific whale barnacles. Con- London, with certain questions of nomenclature trib. Can. Biol. Fish., New. Ser. 3: 501-517. Cachalot station. is gratefully acknowledged. 1928. Collecting at whaling Can. Field - Nat. 42: 9-12. 1955. The barnacles of British Columbia. B.C. Prov. Mus., Dep. Educ, Handb. No. 7, 69 p. Dailey, M. D. LITERATURE CITED 1969. Stictodora ubelakeri a new species of heter- ophyid trematode from the California sea lion

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teriol., Abt. 1, Orig. 141: 279-304. Margolis, L., and G. C. Pike. 1940. Beitrage zur Kenntnis parasitischer Nema- 1955. Some helminth parasites of Canadian Pa- toden. IX. Parasitische Nematoden aus dem cific whales. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 12: 97- Naturhistorischen Museum Basel. Zentralb. 120. Bakteriol., Abt. 1, Orig. 145: 163-208. Markowski, S. Kruidenier, F. J. 1952. The cestodes of pinnipeds in the Arctic and 1954. A seal host of the acanthocephalan Coryno- other regions. J. Helminthol. 26: 171-214. soma: correction. J. Parasitol. 40: 363-364. Martin, W. E., C. K. Haun, H. S. Barrows, and Leidy, J. H. Cravioto. 1886. Notices of nematoid worms. Proc. Acad. 1970. Nematode damage to brain of striped Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 3, 38: SOS- dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens. Trans. SIS. Am. Microsc. Soc. 89: 200-205.

20 McAtee, W. L. The fur seals and fur-seal islands of the North 1923. Anoplura. In A biological survey of the Pacific Ocean, Part 3, p. 553-554. Pribilof Islands, Alaska. North Am. Fauna, Oudemans, A. C. No. 46, 142. 1916. Acarologische aanteekeningen, LX. En- Mozgovoy, A. A. tomol. Ber., Amsterdam, (91), 4: 308-316. 1951. Ascaridaty mlekopitayushchikh SSSR (An- 1926. //a/«rac/(?ie-Studien. Arch. Naturgesch., isakoidea). [The Ascaridata of mammals in Abt. A, 91: 48-108. the USSR (Anisakoidea).] Tr. Gel'mintol. Perry, M. L. Lab. Akad. Nauk SSSR 5: 14-22. 1967. A new species of Dipetalonema from the 1953. Ascaridaty zhivotnykh i cheloveka i vyzy- California sea lion and a report of microfilar- vaemye imi zabolevaniya. [Ascaridata of iae from a Steller sea lion (Nematoda: Filar- animals and man and the diseases caused by ioidea). J. Parasitol. 53: 1076-1081. them.] Osn. Nematodologii, Vol. 2, Part 2. Price, E. W. Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 616 p. 1932. The trematode parasites of marine mam- Mueller, J. F. mals. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 81: 1-68. 1927a. The excretory system of Anisakis simplex. Rausch, R.

J. Parasitol. 13 : 222. 1953. Studies on the helminth fauna of Alaska. 1927b. The excretory system of Anisakis simplex. XIII. Disease in the sea otter, with special Z. Wiss. Biol., Abt. B, Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. reference to helminth parasites. Ecology 34: Anat. 5: 495-504. 584-604. Myers, B. J. Rausch, R., B. B. Babero, R. V. Rausch, and E. L. 1959. Phocanema, a new genus for the anisakid Schiller. nematode of seals. Can. J. Zool. 37: 459- 1956. Studies on the helminth fauna of Alaska. 465. XXVII. The occurrence of larvae of Trichi- Neiland, K. A. nella spiralis in Alaskan mammals. J. Par- 1961. Suspected role of parasites in non-rookery asitol. 42: 259-271. mortality of fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Rausch, R., and B. Locker. J. Parasitol. 47: 732. 1951. Studies on the helminth fauna of Alaska. 1962. Alaskan species of acanthocephalan genus II. On some helminths parasitic in the sea Corynosoma Luehe, 1904. J. Parasitol. 48: otter, Enhydra lutris (L.). Proc. Helminthol. 69-75. Soc. Wash. 18: 77-81. Neiland, K. A., D. W. Rice, and B. L. Holden. Rausch, R. L. 1970. Helminths of marine mammals, I. The ge- 1964. Studies on the helminth fauna of Alaska. nus Nasitrema, air sinus flukes of delphinid XLI. Observations on cestodes of the genus Cetacea. J. Parasitol. 56: 305-316. Diplogonoporus Lonnberg, 1892 (Diphyllo-

Newell, I. M. bothriidae). Can. J. Zool. 42: 1049-1069. 1947. Studies on the morphology and systematics Rausch, R. L., and F. H. Fay. of the family Halarachnidae Oudemans 1906 1966. Studies on the helminth fauna of Alaska. (, Parasitoidea). Bull. Bingham Ocean- XLIV. Revision of Ogmogaster Jagerskiold, ogr. Collect. 10: 235-266. 1891, with a description of O. pentalineatus sp. Nybelin, O. n. (Trematoda: Notocotylidae). J. Parasitol. 1931. Saugetier- und Vogelcestoden von Juan 52: 26-38. Fernandez. Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez and Rausch, R. L., and D. K. Hilliard. Easter Island 3: 493-523. 1970. Studies on the helminth fauna of Alaska. Olsen, O. W. XLIX. The occurrence of Diphyllobothrium 1958. Hookworms, Uncinaria lucasi Stiles, 1901, latum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cestoda: Diphyllo- in fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus (Linn.), on bothriidae) in Alaska, with notes on other the Pribilof Islands. Trans. Twenty-third species. Can. J. Zool. 48: 1201-1219. North Am. Wildl. Conf., p. 152-175. Rausch, R. L., and D. W. Rice. Olsen, O. W., and E. T. Lyons. 1970. Ogmogaster trilineatus sp. n. (Trematoda: 1962. Life cycle of the hookworm, Uncinaria lu- Notocotylidae) from the fin whale, Balaenop- casi Stiles, of northern fur seals, Callorhinus tera physalus L. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. ursinus, on the Pribilof Islands in the Bering 37: 196-200.

Sea. J. Parasitol. 48(2, Sect. 2) : 42-43. Rice, D. W. 1965. Life cycle of Uncinaria lucasi Stiles, 1901 1963. Progress report on biological studies of the (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) of fur seals, larger Cetacea in the waters off California. Callorhinus ursinus Linn., on the Pribilof Nor. Hvalfangst-Tid. No. 7, p. 181-

Islands, Alaska. J. Parasitol. 51 : 689- 187. 700. Rice, D. W., and V. B. Scheffer. Osborn, H. 1968. A list of marine mammals of the world. 1899. List of insects hitherto known from the U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. Pribilof Islands IX. Acarina. In D. S. Jordan. 579, 16 p.

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: 442- Ridgway, S. H., and D. G. Johnston. ne otariae n. sp. Z. Wiss. Zool. 121 1965. Two interesting disease cases in wild ce- 493. taceans. Am. J. Vet. Res. 26: 771-775. Stiles, C. W. Scammon, C. M. 1901. Uncinariosis (anchylostomiasis) in man 1874. The marine mammals of the north-western and animals in the United States. Texas Med. coast of North America, described and illus- News 10: 523-532. trated: together with an account of the Stiles, C. W., and A. Hassall. American whale-fishery. John H. Carmany 1899. Internal parasites of the fur seal. In and Company, San Francisco, Calif., 319 p. D. S. Jordan. The fur seals and fur-seal [Facsimile edition, 1969, Manessier Publish- islands of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 3, ing Co., Riverside, Calif.] p. 99-177. Scheffer, V. B. Stunkard, H. W. 1939. Organisms collected from whales in the 1948. Pseudophyllidean cestodes from Alaskan Aleutian Islands. Murrelet 20: 67-69. pinnipeds. J. Parasitol. 34: 211-228. 1945. Growth and behavior of young sea lions. J. Stunkard, H. W., and C. H. Alvey. Mammal. 26: 390-392. 1929. A new liver fluke, Zalophotrema hepaticum, cali- Scheffer, V. B., and J. W. Slipp. from the California sea lion, Zalophus 106-107. 1944. The harbour seal in Washington State. fornianus. J. Parasitol. 16: Am. Midland Nat. 32: 373-416. 1930. The morphology of Zalophotrema hepati- 1948. The whales and dolphins of Washington cum, with a review of the trematode family State with a key to the cetaceans of the west Fasciolidae. Parasitology 22: 326-333. coast of North America. Am. Midland Nat. Stunkard, H. W., and H. W. Schoenborn. 39: 257-337. 1936. Notes on the structure, distribution and of Diphyllobothrmm lanceolatum. Schiller, E. L. synonymy 1954. Studies on the helminth fauna of Alaska. Am. Mus. Novit., No. 880, 1-9. XVII. Notes on the intermediate stages of Tadros, G. some helminth parasites of the sea otter. Biol. 1966. A collection of helminths from mammals, reptiles. Sci. 3: 101- Bull. 106: 107-121. birds and J. Vet. U.A.R., 1959. Observations on the morphology and life 110. cycle of Microphallus pirum (Afanas'ev, Taylor, A. E. R., D. H. Brown, D. Heyneman, and 1941). Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 78: 65-76. R. W. Mclntyre. 1961. of filarioid nematode Dipetalonema Schroeder, C. R., and H. M. Wegeforth Biology the heart of 1935. The occurrence of gastric ulcers in sea spirocauda (Leidy, 1858) from mammals of the California coast, their etiol- captive harbor seals and sea lions, together Parasitol. 47 ogy and pathology. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc, with pathology of the hosts. J. 971-976. 87, N.S., 40: 333-342. Thorsteinson, F. V., and C. J. Lensink. Skrjabin, K. I. observations of Steller sea lions 1944. On trematodes of the genus Odhneriella 1962. Biological experimental harvest. J. Skrjabin, 1915, parasitic of sea mammals. taken during an Comptes Rend. (Doklady) Acad. Sci. URSS Wildl. Manage. 26: 353-359. 44: 302-303. Van Cleave, H. J. 1953a. A preliminary analysis of the acantho- Skrjabin, K. I., and N. P. Shikhobalova. [Filar- cephalan genus Corynosoma in mammals of 1948. Filyarii zhivotnykh i cheloveka. North America. J. Parasitol. 39: 1-13. iae of animals and man.] Sel'khozgiz, 1953b. Acanthocephala of North American mam- 608 p. mals. Illinois Biol. Monogr. 23: 1-179. Skrjabin, K. I., N. P. Shikhobalova, and A. A. J. A. McLeod, and I. E. Stewart. Mozgovoy. Wardle, R. A., 1947. Luhe's "Diphyllobothrmm" (Cestoda). J. 1951. Oksiuraty i Askaridaty. [Oxyurata and Parasitol. 33: 319-330 . Ascaridata.] Opredelitel' Paraziticheskikh A. Nematod, Vol. 2. Izdat. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Weber, N. 1950. survey of the insects and related arthro- Moscow, 631 p. A pods of Arctic Alaska. Part I. Trans. Am. Skrjabin, K. I., N. P. Shikhobalova, R. S. Shult's, Entomol. Soc. 76: 147-206. T. I. Popova, S. N. Boev, and S. L. Delyamure. 1952. Strongilyaty. Opredelitel' Parazitiches- Williams, H. H. taxonomy, ecology and host-specificity kikh Nematod, Vol. 3. Izdat. Akad. Nauk 1968. The of some Phyllobothriidae (Cestoda: Tetra- SSSR, Moscow, 890 p. (English transl. by A. phyllidea), a critical revision of Phyllobothri- Birron and Z. S. Cole. 1961. Strongylata. Beneden, 1849 and comments on some al- Key to Parasitic Nematodes, Vol. 3. Israel um

22 lied genera. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, Biol. Sci. 253: 231-307. Wolfgang, R. W. 1956. Dochmoides yukonensis sp. nov. from the brown bear (Ursus americanus) in the Yukon. Can. J. Zool. 34: 21-27. Yamaguti, S. 1951. Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 45. Trematodes of marine mammals. Arb. Med. Fak. Okayama 7: 283-294.

23 GPO 999-621 MBL WHOI Library Serials

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622. Number and lengths, by season, of fishes caught 635. A bibliography of the blackfin tuna, Thunnus with an otter trawl near Woods Hole, Massa- atlanticus (Lesson). By Grant L. Beardsley and chusetts, September 1961 to December 1962. David C. Simmons. August 1971, 10 pp." For By F. E. Lux and F. E. Nichy. February 1971, sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. iii + 15 pp., 3 figs., 19 tables. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - 25 cents. 62-'',. Apparent abundance, distribution, and migra- tions of albacore, Thunnus alalunga, on the North 636. Oil pollution on Wake Island from the tanker J. Rothschild Pacific longline grounds. By Brian h'. C. Slum r. By Reginald M. Gooding. May Yong. September 1970, v and Marian Y. Y. + 1971, iii + 12 pp., 8 figs., 2 tables. For sale by 37 pp., 19 figs., 5 tables. the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - 624. Influence of mechanical processing on the quality Price 25 cents. and yield of bay scallop meats. Bv N. B. Webb

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