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NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-647 NOAA TR NMFS SSRF-647 A UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technical Report NMFS SSRF-647 PUBLICATION NOAA U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 7 National Marine Fisheries Service Revised Annotated List of Parasites from Sea Mammals Caught Off the West Coast of North America L. MARGOLIS and M. D. DAILEY -I Marine Biological Laboratory LIBRARY SEP r3 1972 Woods Hole, Mast. SEATTLE, WA March 1972 NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report-Fisheries Series The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, develop- ment and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also as- sists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report—Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scien- tific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS, or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publication of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from NOAA Publications Section, Rockville, Md. 20852. Recent SSRF's are: 604. The flora and fauna of a basin in central Florida 612. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography Pilot Study. Bay. By J. Harold Hudson, Donald M. Allen, Part VIII: Sea-level meteorological properties and T. J. Costello. May 1970, iii + 14 pp., 2 figs., and heat exchange processes, July 1963 to June 1 table. 1965. By Gunter R. Seckel. June 1970, iv + 129 pp., 6 figs., 8 tables. 605. Contributions to the life histories of several penaeid shrimps (Penaeidae) along the south 613. Sea-bottom photographs and macrobenthos col- Atlantic Coast of the United States. By William lections from the Continental Shelf off Massa- W. Anderson. May 1970, iii + 24 pp., 15 figs., 12 chusetts. By Roland L. Wigley and Roger B. tables. Theroux. August 1970, iii + 12 pp., 8 figs., 2 tables. 606. Annotated references on the Pacific saury, Colol- abis saira. By Steven E. Hughes. June 1970, 614. A sled-mounted suction sampler for benthic or- ganisms. By Donald M. Allen and J. Harold iii + 12 pp. Hudson. August 1970, iii + 5 pp., 5 figs., 1 table. 607. Studies on continuous transmission frequency 615. Distribution of fishing effort and catches of skip- modulated sonar. Edited by Frank J. Hester. jack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, in Hawaiian June 1970, iii + 26 pp. 1st paper, Sonar target waters by quarters of the year, 1948-65. By classification experiments with a continuous- Richard N. Uchida. June 1970, iv 37 transmission Doppler sonar, by Frank J. Hester, + pp., 6 figs., 22 tables. pp. 1-20, 14 figs., 4 tables; 2d paper, Acoustic target strength of several species of fish, by H. W. 616. Effect of quality of the spawning bed on growth Volberg, pp. 21-26, 10 figs. and development of pink salmon embryos and alevins. By Ralph A. Wells and William J. Mc- 608. Preliminary designs of traveling screens to col- Neil. August 1970, iii + 6 pp., 4 tables. lect juvenile fish. July 1970, v + 15 pp. 1st paper, Traveling screens for collection of juvenile 617. Fur seal investigations, 1968. By NMFS, Ma- salmon (models I and II), by Daniel W. Bates rine Mammal Biological Laboratory. December and John G. Vanderwalker, pp. 1-5, 6 figs., 1 1970, iii 69 68 tables. table; 2d paper, Design and operation of a canti- + pp., levered traveling fish screen (model V), by Dan- 618. Spawning areas and abundance of steelhead iel W. Bates, Ernest W. Murphey, and Earl F. coho, sockeye, and chum salmon in Prentice, 10 figs., 1 table. trout and the Columbia River Basin - past and present. By Leonard A. Fulton. December 1970, iii + 37 pp., 609. Annotated bibliography of zooplankton sampling 6 figs., 11 maps, 9 tables. devices. By Jack W. Jossi. July 1970, iii + 90 pp. 619. Macrozooplankton and small nekton in the coastal waters off Vancouver Island (Canada) 610. Limnological study of lower Columbia River, and Washington, spring and fall of 1963. By 1967-68. By Shirley M. Clark and George R. Donald S. Day, January 1971, iii + 94 pp., 19 Snyder. July 1970, iii + 14 pp., 15 figs., 11 tables. figs., 13 tables. 611. Laboratory tests of an electrical barrier for con- Oceanography Pilot Study. trolling predation by northern squawfish. By 620. The Trade Wind Zone : field and wind stress Galen H. Maxfield,' Robert H. Lander, and Part IX The sea-level wind R. Charles D. Volz. July 1970, iii + 8 pp., 4 figs., values, July 1963 to June 1965. By Gunter 5 tables. Seckel. June 1970, iii + 66 pp., 5 figs. Continued on inside back cover. ^OWMOSP U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Peter G. Peterson, Secretary NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Robert M. White, Administrator NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE C° *%NT O* Philip M. Roedel, Director NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-647 Revised Annotated List of Parasites from Sea Mammals Caught Off the West Coast of North America L MARGOLIS and M. D. DAILEY Marine Biological Ubanbry LIBRA * C P 1 3 1972 WcKds H „o. SEAnLE, WA March 1972 For sale by the Superintendent ol Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 35 cents The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Parasite-host list 2 Trematoda 2 Cestoda 4 Nematoda 6 Acanthocephala 11 Copepoda 12 Amphipoda 12 Anoplura 14 Acarina 14 Host-parasite list 15 Cetacea 15 Pinnipedia 17 Carnivora 18 Acknowledgments 18 Literature cited 18 in Revised Annotated List of Parasites from Sea Mammals Caught Off the West Coast of North America By L. MARGOLIS Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station Nanaimo, B.C., Canada and M. D. DAILEY Department of Biology California State College at Long Beach Long Beach, California 90801 ABSTRACT Parasite-host and host-parasite lists, with supporting references, of the ecto- and endoparasites recorded from marine mammals of the North American west coast are provided. Excluding records in which the parasites have not been identified to the spe- cies level, there are known 15 trematodes, 3 cestodes, 10 nematodes, 7 acanthocephalans, 1 copepod, and 10 amphipods from 22 species of Cetacea; 8 trematodes, 10 cestodes, 12 nematodes, 8 acanthocephalans, 5 anoplurans, and 5 acarines from 8 species of Pinni- pedia; and 4 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 1 nematode, 3 acanthocephalans, and 1 acarine from a single species of Carnivora. Previously unpublished records which are included here are: Anisakis simplex from Phocoenoides dalli and Orcinus orca, British Columbia; Cyamus balaenopterae from Balaenoptera musculus, California; Cyamus erraticus from Balaena glacialis, Alaska; Cyamus scammoni from Eschrichtius gibbosus, Alaska; Antarctophthirus trichechi from Odobenus rosmarus, Alaska. INTRODUCTION area as well as furnish a current list of par- asites to nonparasitologists working with ma- In 1954, Margolis (1954a) published a list rine mammals. of parasites reported from marine mammals The revised list is restricted to organisms caught in waters off western North America generally considered to be true parasites. Ex- (Bering Strait to Mexico). This list was com- cluded are the nematode Odontobius ceti piled from the literature up to July 15, 1953. Roussel de Vauzeme, 1834 and the copepod During the 17 years since the preparation of Balaenophilus unisetus Aurivillius, 1879, which the first list there has been a marked increase live on the baleen plates of whales and are best in the interest in marine mammals, both as described as commensals; the barnacles, which objects of research and for display purposes. have a phoretic relationship with whales; and The numbers of animals necropsied and par- the lamprey, which is often regarded as a pred- asites recovered has grown rapidly. It was ator rather than a temporary parasite. considered worthwhile to bring this list up to As in the original list, we have included par- date in order to facilitate future work in this asites reported from Steller and California sea . lions which have died in zoological parks or PARASITE-HOST LIST marine aquaria in New York; Maryland; Wash- ington, D.C.; Louisiana; California; Switzer- land; and Germany; as evidence indicates that Trematoda in most cases the sea lions were definitely cap- tured in western North American waters and Braunina cordiformis Wolf, 1903 were infected prior to capture. Information ob- Host: Turstops truncatus - bottle-nosed tained since publication of the first list has led dolphin. us to exclude Anisakis tridentatus Kreis, 1938 Locality: California.
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