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The Neuro Nobels
NEURO NOBELS Richard J. Barohn, MD Gertrude and Dewey Ziegler Professor of Neurology University Distinguished Professor Vice Chancellor for Research President Research Institute Research & Discovery Director, Frontiers: The University of Kansas Clinical and Translational Science Grand Rounds Institute February 14, 2018 1 Alfred Nobel 1833-1896 • Born Stockholm, Sweden • Father involved in machine tools and explosives • Family moved to St. Petersburg when Alfred was young • Father worked on armaments for Russians in the Crimean War… successful business/ naval mines (Also steam engines and eventually oil).. made and lost fortunes • Alfred and brothers educated by private teachers; never attended university or got a degree • Sent to Sweden, Germany, France and USA to study chemical engineering • In Paris met the inventor of nitroglycerin Ascanio Sobrero • 1863- Moved back to Stockholm and worked on nitro but too dangerous.. brother killed in an explosion • To make it safer to use he experimented with different additives and mixed nitro with kieselguhr, turning liquid into paste which could be shaped into rods that could be inserted into drilling holes • 1867- Patented this under name of DYNAMITE • Also invented the blasting cap detonator • These inventions and advances in drilling changed construction • 1875-Invented gelignite, more stable than dynamite and in 1887, ballistics, predecessor of cordite • Overall had over 350 patents 2 Alfred Nobel 1833-1896 The Merchant of Death • Traveled much of his business life, companies throughout Europe and America • Called " Europe's Richest Vagabond" • Solitary man / depressive / never married but had several love relationships • No children • This prompted him to rethink how he would be • Wrote poetry in English, was considered remembered scandalous/blasphemous. -
Bob Eisenberg (More Formally, Robert S
Bob Eisenberg (more formally, Robert S. Eisenberg) Curriculum Vitae September 11, 2021 Maintained with loving care by John Tang, all these years, with thanks from Bob! Address 7320 Lake Street Unit 5 River Forest IL 60305 USA or PO Box 5409 River Forest IL 60305 USA or Department of Physiology & Biophysics Rush University 1750 West Harrison, Room 1519a Jelke Chicago IL 60612 or Dept of Applied Mathematics Room 106D Pritzker Center, corner of State and 31st Street, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616 Phone numbers Voice: +1 (708) 932 2597; Rush Department: Voice +1 (312)-942-6454; Rush FAX: (312)-942-8711 FAX to email: (801)-504-8665 Skype name: beisenbe Email: [email protected] Other email:[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Scopus ID’s are 55552198800 and 7102490928. NIH COMMONS name is BEISENBE. ORCID identifier is 0000-0002-4860-5434 Web of Science ResearcherID is: G-8716-2018 and/or P-6070-2019 Publons Public Profile G-8716-2018 Robert S. Eisenberg https://publons.com/researcher/1941224/robert-s-eisenberg/ NIH maintained “My Bibliography: Bob Eisenberg” at http://goo.gl/Z7a2V7 or https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/browse/collection/47999805/?sort=date&direction=ascending Education Elementary School: New Rochelle, New York High School, 1956-59. Horace Mann School, Riverdale, New York City, graduated in three years with honors and awards in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Latin, English, and History. An interviewer of J.R. Pappenheimer, Professor of Physiology, Harvard Medical School, on American Heart Sponsored television program, ~1957. p. 1 RS Eisenberg September 11, 2021 Undergraduate, 1959-62. -
David H. Hubel 1926–2013
David H. Hubel 1926–2013 A Biographical Memoir by Robert H. Wurtz ©2014 National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. DAVID HUNTER HUBEL February 27, 1926–September 22, 2013 Elected to the NAS, 1971 David Hunter Hubel was one of the great neuroscientists of the 20th century. His experiments revolutionized our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying vision. His 25-year collaboration with Torsten N. Wiesel revealed the beautifully ordered activity of single neurons in the visual cortex, how innate and learned factors shape its development, and how these neurons might be assem- bled to ultimately produce vision. Their work ushered in the current era of analyses of neurons at multiple levels of the cerebral cortex that seek to parse out the functional brain circuits underlying behavior. For these achieve- ments, David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel, along with Roger W. Sperry, shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1981. By Robert H. Wurtz Early life: growing up in Canada David Hubel was born on February 27 1926 in Windsor Ontario. Both of his parents were American citizens, born and raised in Detroit, but because he was born in Canada, he also held Canadian citizenship. His father was a chemical engineer, and his parents moved to Windsor because his father had a job with the Windsor Salt company. His mother, Elsie Hubel, was independent minded, with an interest in electricity and a regret that she had not attended college to study it. -
Eric Kandel's Personal Collection.)
IN SEARCH OF MEMORY The Emergence of a New Science of Mind ERIC R. KANDEL Copyright © 2006 ISBN 0-393-05863-8 POUR DENISE CONTENTS Preface xi ONE 1. Personal Memory and the Biology of Memory Storage 3 2. A Childhood in Vienna 12 3. An American Education 33 TWO 4. One Cell at a Time 53 5. The Nerve Cell Speaks 74 6. Conversation Between Nerve Cells 90 7. Simple and Complex Neuronal Systems 103 8. Different Memories, Different Brain Regions 116 9. Searching for an Ideal System to Study Memory 135 10. Neural Analogs of Learning 150 THREE 11. Strengthening Synaptic Connections 165 12. A Center for Neurobiology and Behavior 180 13. Even a Simple Behavior Can Be Modified by Learning 187 14. Synapses Change with Experience 198 15. The Biological Basis of Individuality 208 16. Molecules and Short-Term Memory 221 17. Long-Term Memory 240 18. Memory Genes 247 19. A Dialogue Between Genes and Synapses 201 FOUR 20. A Return to Complex Memory 279 21. Synapses Also Hold Our Fondest Memories 286 22. The Brain's Picture of the External World 295 23. Attention Must Be Paid! 307 FIVE 24. A Little Red Pill 319 25. Mice, Men, and Mental Illness 335 26. A New Way to Treat Mental Illness 352 27. Biology and the Renaissance of Psychoanalytic Thought 363 28. Consciousness 376 SIX 29. Rediscovering Vienna via Stockholm 393 30. Learning from Memory: Prospects 416 Glossary 431 Notes and Sources 453 Acknowledgments 485 Index 489 PREFACE Understanding the human mind in biological terms has emerged as the central challenge for science in the twenty-first century. -
Sir Bernard Katz (1911-2003): an Icon of Neurophysiology
Curr Neurobiol 2018; 9(3): 101-105 ISSN 0975-9042 Sir Bernard Katz (1911-2003): An Icon of Neurophysiology Ronald P Rubin, PhD Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York Abstract This article highlights the life and career of Sir Bernard Katz, a member of a generation of eminent physiologists who was a refugee from the Third Reich. Despite setbacks incurred by anti- Semitism early in life, Katz had the tenacity to achieve fulfillment in his extraordinary career. With the support of the eminent A.V. Hill, who had a pivotal influence on his life and career, Katz conducted research at University College London mainly in the 1950’s and 60’s. His work included the study of miniature end-plate potentials, quantal secretion of neurotransmitters, the role of calcium in transmitter release, and the postsynaptic action of acetylcholine. In addition, his department was a center for pre- and postdoctoral students from all over the world and his influence on the training of a large number of the world’s most prominent neurophysiologist was monumental. Because Bernard Katz’s work remains the basis of our understanding of the release and actions of neurotransmitters, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1970. Keywords: Bernard Katz, Neuromuscular Junction, Quantal release, End-Plate potential. Early Years After the Russian revolution of 1917, the members of the Katz family- along with other Russian expatriates- lost their Sir Bernard Katz was one of the generation of distinguished nationality and became stateless. -
Bernard Katz
34 PN OBITUARIES lecture, given in 1952 when he Bernard Katz was born and brought Bernard Katz became professor of Biophysics at up in Leipzig, so his native language 1911–2003 UCL, Katz expressed his gratitude to was German, though he was never a A. V. Hill ‘for all I have learnt, not German citizen. Bert Sakmann only as a pupil of a great master of relates that when BK first spoke to experimental research, but by having him in German (after his arrival in served my apprenticeship with a man Biophysics in 1970), BK ‘warned me who never, under any circumstances, that his German had a strong Anglo- allows the deceptive counsels of Saxon accent’. This was a pun on the human vanity to enter into your fact that BK spoke German with a argument –with a man whose one Saxon accent that ‘was indeed strong, inflexible purpose has always been and in Germany the Sächsische the pursuit and acknowledgement of Akzent of people from Leipzig or truth’. It is very clear that BK learnt Dresden is the source of many jokes’. well from his own hero, because these The time when I recall BK laughing words could serve as well to describe the most was when a young German, © Argent, Godfrey for the 1952 Royal Society, his own values as they described Florian Dreyer, was working in my Hill’s. That, as well as his science, lab. We visited BK in November was why he was an iconic figure for a 1977, to discuss results with 1911 Born, 26 March, Leipzig, Germany 1920 School – König Albert Gymnasium, Leipzig whole generation of post-war tubocurarine. -
David H. Hubel 294
EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Albert J. Aguayo Bernice Grafstein Theodore Melnechuk Dale Purves Gordon M. Shepherd Larry W. Swanson (Chairperson) The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography VOLUME 1 Edited by Larry R. Squire SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE 1996 Washington, D.C. Society for Neuroscience 1121 14th Street, NW., Suite 1010 Washington, D.C. 20005 © 1996 by the Society for Neuroscience. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 96-70950 ISBN 0-916110-51-6 Contents Denise Albe-Fessard 2 Julius Axelrod 50 Peter O. Bishop 80 Theodore H. Bullock 110 Irving T. Diamond 158 Robert Galambos 178 Viktor Hamburger 222 Sir Alan L. Hodgkin 252 David H. Hubel 294 Herbert H. Jasper 318 Sir Bernard Katz 348 Seymour S. Kety 382 Benjamin Libet 414 Louis Sokoloff 454 James M. Sprague 498 Curt von Euler 528 John Z. Young 554 David H. Hubel BORN: Windsor, Ontario February 27, 1926 EDUCATION: McGill University, B.Sc., 1947 McGill University, M.D., 1951 APPOINTMENTS: Montreal General Hospital (1951) Montreal Neurological Institute (1952) Johns Hopkins Hospital (1954) Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (1955) Johns Hopkins University (1958) Harvard Medical School (1959) John Franklin Enders University Professor of Neurobiology, Harvard University (1982) HONORS AND AWARDS (SELECTED): American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1965) National Academy of Sciences USA (1971) Karl Spencer Lashley Award, American Philosophical Society (1977) Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (1981) Foreign Member, Royal Society of London (1982) American Philosophical Society (1982) Royal Society of Medicine (1991) Ralph W. Gerard Prize, Society for Neuroscience (1993) David Hubel carried out fundamental studies of the physiology and anatomy of mammalian visual cortex. -
Bernard Katz
34 PN OBITUARIES lecture, given in 1952 when he Bernard Katz was born and brought Bernard Katz became professor of Biophysics at up in Leipzig, so his native language 1911–2003 UCL, Katz expressed his gratitude to was German, though he was never a A. V. Hill ‘for all I have learnt, not German citizen. Bert Sakmann only as a pupil of a great master of relates that when BK first spoke to experimental research, but by having him in German (after his arrival in served my apprenticeship with a man Biophysics in 1970), BK ‘warned me who never, under any circumstances, that his German had a strong Anglo- allows the deceptive counsels of Saxon accent’. This was a pun on the human vanity to enter into your fact that BK spoke German with a argument –with a man whose one Saxon accent that ‘was indeed strong, inflexible purpose has always been and in Germany the Sächsische the pursuit and acknowledgement of Akzent of people from Leipzig or truth’. It is very clear that BK learnt Dresden is the source of many jokes’. well from his own hero, because these The time when I recall BK laughing words could serve as well to describe the most was when a young German, © Argent, Godfrey for the 1952 Royal Society, his own values as they described Florian Dreyer, was working in my Hill’s. That, as well as his science, lab. We visited BK in November was why he was an iconic figure for a 1977, to discuss results with 1911 Born, 26 March, Leipzig, Germany 1920 School – König Albert Gymnasium, Leipzig whole generation of post-war tubocurarine. -
Floyd Bloom Discusses the Messengers of the Mind
Commentary | History, Teaching, and Public Awareness Floyd Bloom Discusses the Messengers of the Mind Floyd Bloom Discusses the Messengers of the Mind Teresa Esch Science Writer, The Society for Neuroscience DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0076-14.2014 Received: 24 December 2014 Accepted: 24 December 2014 Published: 31 December 2014 Correspondence should be addressed to Teresa Esch, 2307 Rosedown Drive, Reston, Virginia, 20191, United States. E-mail: [email protected]). Cite as: eNeuro 2014; 10.1523/ENEURO.0076-14.2014 Alerts: Sign up at eNeuro.SfN.org to receive customized email alerts when the fully formatted version of this article is published. Accepted manuscripts are peer-reviewed but have not been through the copyediting, formatting, or proofreading process. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Copyright © 2014 Society for Neuroscience eNeuro http://eneuro.msubmit.net eN-ICOM-0076-14 Floyd Bloom Discusses the Messengers of the Mind This is a confidential document and must not be discussed with others, forwarded in any form, or posted on websites without the express written consent of eNeuro. 1 Title: Floyd Bloom Discusses the Messengers of the Mind 2 Teresa Esch, Science Writer, The Society for Neuroscience 3 [email protected] 4 Significance Statement: 5 Some of the basic principles of nervous system function that we now take for 6 granted were once topics of great controversy that required decades of research 7 to resolve. -
April 2016 Issue
Issue 128 April Fool’s, Y’all! A NEWSLETTER OF THE ROCKIN’ FELLA UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY “MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!” Surprise U.S. Presidential Candidate to Speak Don’t miss an unnamed U.S. Presidential can- didate in a meet-and- greet next Monday, April 4, in the Phi- losopher’s Garden at 6:00pm. Fresh from the spirited and oratorical- ly-illuminating run-ups to the primaries, the candidate will speak to the issues of the na- tion and the world. If elected, this candidate has graciously offered to donate his or her life-sized statue to the University. CONTINUED TO P.52 SELECTIONS NATIONAL / Hot Tub Haven Deportee) (Future As an answer to turbu- lent times, the roomy PANG NAN rectangular hole near the 66th Street entrance will be re-purposed as a Discovery in the Sky hot tub, available to the AMNESTY ON RU community only, for the relief of stress over the University? (available for private DEROGATORIANISM parties, when reserved.) Late one evening, a sleep- rounds, patiently revived Just in! - In honor of April 1, ALL Democrat and Republican can- CONTINUED TO P.64 deprived Research Fel- the Fellow. Further inves- low saw a luminescent tigation revealed that the didates have agreed to a mora- specter in the sky, per- apparition was merely a torium on spiteful, revengeful, YOU CAN MAKE haps a new planet or star, leftover decoration from insipid, nasty, lurid, questionable shimmering through the the Holiday Party that remarks for a twenty-four-hour AMERICA GREAT branches of the cam- the bucket-lift on campus period. -
PART I Basic Neuropharmacology
PART I Basic Neuropharmacology 1 SOUP OR SPARKS: THE HISTORY OF DRUGS AND SYNAPSES WILLIAM VAN DER KLOOT State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 1.1 Action of Curare 4 1.2 Bernard’s Career 5 1.3 Scientists, Patrons, and Money 7 1.4 A Changing World 7 1.5 German-Speaking Universities 9 1.6 Michael Forster 9 1.7 Gaskell and Langley 11 1.8 The Synapse 13 1.9 Dale and Loewi 14 1.10 Henry Wellcome 15 1.11 Ergot and Adrenaline 15 1.12 Histamine 16 1.13 Acetylcholine 17 1.14 National Institute for Medical Research 17 1.15 Loewi’s Experiment 18 1.16 Feldberg 20 1.17 Nobel Prize of 1936 21 1.18 Electric Organ 22 1.19 Eccles, Kuffler, and Katz 22 1.20 Nachmansohn 23 1.21 Postwar Science 24 1.22 Bovet 25 1.23 Ion Channels 25 1.24 Soup, not Sparks 25 1.25 Actions of þ TC 27 1.26 Synaptic Vesicles 27 1.27 Cloning The nAChR 27 1.28 How Can Chemical Transmission Be So Fast? 28 1.29 Eccles and Central Synapses 28 1.30 Adrenergic Transmitters in CNS 29 1.31 Carlsson 30 Handbook of Contemporary Neuropharmacology, Edited by David R. Sibley, Israel Hanin, Michael Kuhar, and Phil Skolnick. Copyright r 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3 4 SOUP OR SPARKS: THE HISTORY OF DRUGS AND SYNAPSES 1.32 Second Messengers 31 1.33 Amino Acid Transmitters 32 1.34 Kuffler 32 1.35 End of the Era 33 1.36 Conclusions 34 Acknowledgments 34 References 35 1.1 ACTION OF CURARE Claude Bernard (1813–1878; Fig. -
Sir John Eccles - Biography HOME SITE HELP ABOUT SEARCH
Sir John Eccles - Biography HOME SITE HELP ABOUT SEARCH NOBEL PHYSICS CHEMISTRY MEDICINE LITERATURE PEACE ECONOMICS LAUREATES ARTICLES EDUCATIONAL Sir John Eccles – Biography The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine John Carew Eccles was born in 1963 Melbourne, Australia, on January Presentation Speech 27th, 1903. He owes much to his Sir John Eccles early training by his father, William Biography James Eccles, who was a teacher as Nobel Lecture also was his mother, née Mary Banquet Speech Carew. He graduated from Swedish Nobel Stamps Other Resources Melbourne University in Medicine with first class honours in 1925, Alan L. Hodgkin and as Victorian Rhodes Scholar for Biography 1925 entered Magdalen College, Nobel Lecture Oxford, as an undergraduate in Banquet Speech Swedish Nobel Stamps order to study under Sir Charles Sherrington. Andrew F. Huxley Biography In 1927, with first class honours in Natural Sciences, the Nobel Lecture Christopher Welch Scholarship and a Junior Research Fellowship Interview Swedish Nobel Stamps at Exeter College, Oxford, he commenced research on reflexes Other Resources with Sherrington's colleagues. Later from 1928 to 1931 he was research assistant to Sherrington, there being eight papers published conjointly; and he also collaborated with Ragnar Granit on two research projects. He was awarded an Oxford D. Phil. degree in 1929 for a thesis on Excitation and Inhibition. 1962 1964 Later Oxford appointments were to a Staines Medical Fellowship The 1963 Prize in: at Exeter College in 1932, a tutorial fellowship of Magdalen Physics College, and a University Demonstratorship in 1934. Chemistry Physiology or Medicine During this Oxford period research was largely on synaptic Literature transmission both in the central nervous system and Peace peripherally in sympathetic ganglia, smooth and cardiac muscle.