Plagiat Merupakan Tindakan Tidak Terpuji

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

According to Sigmund Freud, our behavior is constructed by three elements that take their own roles in our mind. They are id, ego, and superego. In their development, it is possible for an individual to have one element more dominant than the rest. Id is the primitive part of human being. It deals with basic necessities, impulses, and reactions. There is no logical thinking involved there. The id part is the first thing developed in human. “Id consists of all inherited (i.e. biological) components of personality present at birth, including sex (life) instinct Eros (which contains the libido), and the aggressive (death) instinct – Thanatos” (McLeod, 2016, para. 4).

In later development, ego will appear through the experiences of the individual in their life. In this stage, human encounters with reality, some circumstances in which ego is not able to fulfill id’s demands. “The ego operates according to the reality principles, working out realistic way of satisfying the id’s demands, often compromising or postponing satisfaction to avoid negative consequence of society”

(McLeod, 2016, para. 11). Superego is the last to develop in human’s personality.

Superego is the thing that helps an individual to understand a certain standard and

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forbiddances in society. “The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from one’s parents and others” (McLeod, 2016, para. 18).

The development of id, ego and superego can be different in each individual.

Some may have their ego dominant than id and superego or vice versa. Even though a research about dynamic relationship of id, ego and superego has been conducted, the different result may occur when it comes to different object of study. In relation to this, the writer is interested in conducting a research about dynamic relationship between id, ego and superego in characters in a certain object. The object of this research is Sherlock TV series season 1 episode 3 and season 2 episode 3.

Sherlock is a TV series aired by BBC (2010-2017). The series consists of 4 seasons and each season contains three episodes approximately 1 hour long telling about a private detective, Sherlock Holmes which was originally created by Sir

Arthur Conan Doyle and his activities in solving crime cases with his partner, Dr.

John Watson. The series became well-known not only because it adopted the famous detective story in English Literature, but also because it has been nominated and won several awards such as BAFTAs as the Best Drama Series in 2011. It received 9.2 out of 10 from IMDB.com. The series has adopted the original stories by Sir Arthur

Conan Doyle entitled Sherlock Holmes. This series brings Sherlock Holmes alive from 19th century into 21th century along with the life’s struggles the detective and the doctor have to face. They present different set and different details of story to the original works.

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Even though the series has adapted the stories into a whole new kind of story set in 21th century instead of Victorian era like the original story and slightly different details, they do not lost the touches of the original work of Sherlock Holmes. The series have adopted some original stories into their series such as ‘The Reichenbach

Fall’ (Season 2, Episode 3) based on ‘The Reichenbach Fall’ by Sir Arthur Conan

Doyle (1893). The details of the original works by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle are adopted and modified into a new story but still recognizable for the fans of original

Sherlock Holmes. For example, instead of falling from a waterfall, Sherlock and

Moriarty fall from the rooftop of St. Bartholomew Hospital. Yet, the important detail such as the death of James Moriarty is not omitted, instead it is modified to fit the set in 21th century.

Sherlock TV series in this study is seen to be the most fruitful object to study since in TV series, besides studying the script, it is also possible to analyze the facial expression of the characters when they say and/or do something. In literary works, the research is limited to the written text only so the interpretation is limited to the explanation given by the author as the narrator or observer. In TV series, since it has actors to play the roles, it adds more interesting facts to be observe such as facial expression, intonation and also body language. Between the two major characters of

Sherlock TV Series, there is a very dynamic relationship. There are several interactions between Sherlock and John in their close friendship as a separated individual, seem to represent the dominant elements of human personality (id, ego and superego). Thus it likely that they are completing each other.

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B. Problem Formulation

Based on the explanation above, the research problems of this study are formulated as follows.

1. How do Sherlock Holmes’ and John Watson’s characteristics reveal about their

id and superego?

2. How does John Watson contribute to Sherlock Holmes’ superego development

seen through their interaction?

C. Objectives of the Study

In accordance with the above research problems, this study is aimed at these research objectives.

The first objective is to find the three-part personality, especially id and superego out from the characteristics of Sherlock Holmes and John Watson using the theory of characterization and theory of three-part model of personality from Sigmund Freud.

The second objective is to explain the contributions from John Watson to Sherlock

Holmes’ superego development through their interactions using theory of three-part model of personality from Sigmund Freud and attribution theory from Fritz Heider.

D. Definition of Terms

To avoid misunderstanding, the writer provides some definition of terms that often appear in the study as follows.

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Based on the definition provided by APA (American Psychiatrist Association)

Dictionary of Psychology, id is “the component of the personality that contains the instinctual, biological drives that supply the psyche with its basic energy of libido”

(2015, p. 535). Ego is “the component of the personality that deals with the external world and its practical demands. More specifically the ego enables the individual to perceive, reason, solve problems, test reality and adjust the instinctual impulses of the id and the demands of superego” (2015, p. 370). The last, superego is “the moral component of the personality that represents parental and societal standards and determines personal standards of right and wrong, or conscience, as well as aims and aspirations” (2015, p. 1067).

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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW

This chapter presents reviews of related studies on similar topics of psychoanalysis done by other researchers, review of some related theories on characterization, film analysis and three-part model of personality that are applied in this thesis, then elaborate theoretical framework of the present thesis.

A. Review of Related Studies

There are four related studies to be reviewed in this research. First is a research conducted by Danisworo (2014) entitled “The Dynamic of Id, Ego and Superego of

Victor Frankenstein in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein”. The aim was to find out the characteristics of Victor Frankenstein and to analyze the dynamic of id, ego and superego within his characteristics, way of thinking and decision making. The data for this research was obtained from the novel by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein.

The righteous division of mind is when ego covers the demand offered by both id and superego. When id dominates the mind, our mind turns to unconscious and only want to do something that is related to pleasure and will not stop until that demands is accomplished (Danisworo, 2014, p. 51).

The research stated that the imbalance of id, ego and superego in Victor

Frankenstein was the cause of the destruction of his family because of his own ambition. Through this research too, the writer quoted the three different conditions of human’s mind from Jess Feist and Gregory Feist in their book Theories of

Personality (2009). The first one is id dominant which is relevant to Frankenstein’s

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condition. The second is superego dominant in which the individual tends to be guilt- ridden and inferior-feeling person. The last is the psychologically healthy person which is ego dominant.

The second is the research by Oktiani (2012) entitled “The Domination of Id as the Result of Aileen Wuornos’ Ego and Superego Malfunction seen in Patty Jenkin’s

Monster Script”. This research is about the dominance of id as the ego and superego’s malfunction in Aileen Wuornos. From the data obtained from the movie script, the author analyzed the characteristics of Aileen Wuornos. It was concluded that the domination of id within Aileen was the major cause of the malfunction of the ego and superego. Thus, Aileen tend to act in order to please id’s demands without considerations. The writer wrote the discussion under the malfunction of Aileen’s superego. It is because she has no proper education so that she does not understand the moral perceived in society. She has not any knowledge about social standard in the society where she belongs. “Her superego cannot consider the rule she needs to obey, it does not know how to behave in society, it does not provide any moral judgment” (Oktiani, 2012, p. 61).

These two researches are related to this research because they focus on the id, ego and superego’s development within one individual. The similarity among these two researches is that they focus on two major characters whose id is way more dominant than their ego and superego. Therefore, through the story, the two characters finally develop their ego and superego. The difference is that this research

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used different object of study which may result different conclusion based on the data obtained.

The third study is an essay written by Christopher Clausen entitled Sherlock

Holmes, Order, and the Late-Victorian Mind (1984). Through the essay, Clausen discusses about the comparison between Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes and the society where he belongs. Unlike the other detective stories that is written in the same era, Sherlock Holmes is different. Conan Doyle seems not to follow the certain order in the era but that is what makes Sherlock Holmes remain strong even until the 21st century.

This generalization applies most obviously to the detective fiction of the 1920’s and 1930’s, in which the detective is frequently an aristocrat and the whole effect is often deliberately snobbish and reactionary. Dorothy Sayers’ Lord Peter Wimsey, Margery Allingham's Albert Campion, and Ngaio Marsh’s Roderick Alleyn clearly fit this mold. The Holmes stories, whose protagonist frequently shows contempt for his aristocratic or royal clients, may seem to illustrate a different pattern (1984, p. 10).

Clausen also discusses about the order in Late-Victorian which not included in

Sherlock Holmes. Conan Doyle has successfully invented a new kind of detective that has broken the orders in Late-Victorian society. “(While) Doyle’s purpose, unlike

Dickens’, was not to encourage social change—quite the contrary—Doyle dealt with the potentially threatening implications of his stories in ways that are reminiscent of other Victorian writers who found themselves frightened by the undertones of their own realism” (p. 13). This is also the answer that the society in this era “can be protected only by a man who does not share its orthodoxies, who plines of respectability, who despite his patriotism has little reverence for popular

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superstitions, who stands outside the normal and punishments, who cares nothing for status self-a man, in short, who has more in common with many criminals he discovers than with many of his clients” (p. 12). Sherlock Holmes is the only fictional detective by the era who is different. His character does not follow the order in the society in Late-Victorian era while John Watson character does. Thus, this difference is the basic idea of Holmes-Watson relationship through Sherlock Holmes.

This research is similar to this essay because they share the same object of study which is Sherlock Holmes. The difference lays in the specified object in which the essay focuses on the Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes through the books and short stories while this research focuses on the recent adaptation of Sherlock Holmes,

BBC’s Sherlock.

The forth is an essay written by April Toadvine (2012) entitled The Watson

Effect: Civilizing the Sociopath. In this essay, April Toadvine made a comparison between the three characters of John Watson. The first is Conan Doyle’s John

Watson, the second is Jude Law’s John Watson in Sherlock Holmes movie (2009 and

2011) and the last is Martin Freeman’s John Watson in Sherlock TV series (2010-

2017). The writer started her essay by explaining the social standard in Victorian-era society, the setting of place from Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes and relating it to

Sherlock Holmes’ and John Watson’s behaviors.

In this study, Toadvine stated a lot of evidence in which John Watson acts as the moral compass for the detective through both the TV Series and the film. “More importantly though, he complains that Sherlock enjoys crime and crime scenes more

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than he should—the assumption being that Sherlock’s enjoyment is immoral because it seems to be at the expense of the victims” (2012, p. 56). Toadvine believes this is the evidence that John holds a stronger moral compass than Sherlock. In the essay, she also wrote that “John is frequently forced to smooth over social situations” (2012, p.57). That he does a small gesture of acknowledgement to the police when Sherlock examines the crime scenes because Sherlock seems to not notice the importance of doing so.

The discussion in this research related closely to the discussion conducted by the author of the essay which is to find out the influence of John Watson to Sherlock

Holmes regarding to the rules applied in society in which the detective fails to notice.

However, the object of the study in the research is focused only on Martin Freeman’s

John Watson in BBC series’ Sherlock.

B. Review of Related Theories

There are several theories used in this research including the theory of characterization, theory of three-part model personality from Sigmund Freud and theory of personality disorder from American Psychiatric Association.

1. Theory of Characterization

The act of giving some traits to the character by the author is the process of characterization. Based on the explanation from Roberts and Jacobs (1989, pp. 147-

148), there are four ways typically used to disclose the characters in fictions.

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a. What the characters themselves say (and think, if the author express their

thoughts).

A study of character can be done through what they are saying and/or what they are thinking (if the author expresses their thoughts). What they are saying usually represents their thoughts. “Sometimes, however, a speech may be made offhand, or it may reflect a momentary emotional or intellectual state” (Roberts and Jacobs, 1989, p. 147). However, some speeches may not be delivered based on the character’s actual thinking. They can say something cheerful while deep inside they are very sad.

Thus, it required a deep analysis toward the spoken messages from a character to actually draw the real meaning from it. b. What the characters do.

Besides speeches and thoughts, we can study a character based on their action.

What the characters do will define their traits. The strong will can be identified as bravery, the cry as weakness, and others. c. What other character say about them.

“In stories and plays, as in real life, people often talk about other people”

(Roberts and Jacobs, 1989, p. 148). This is one of the sign that we may analyze character through what is other characters say about the character. Sherlock Holmes may say he himself is a high-functional sociopath but people often call him a psychopath. Thus, we can consider his characteristics by collecting the opinions from other characters.

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d. What the author say about them, speaking as storyteller or observer.

Author is the creator of a character, from them all the characteristics go. They determine the action, the speech, the other characters’ reactions and the events happen to a character in a way that the readers can interpret the characteristics through it. What are the author says about a character is usually to be accepted as truth. Naturally, authors must be accepted on matters of fact.

However, for this study, only three out of four ways suggested by Roberts and

Jacobs are used to see how Sherlock Holmes’ and John Watson’s characteristics disclosed in the TV series. They are what the characters themselves say, what the characters do and what other characters say about them.

2. The Three-part Model of Personality

Psychoanalysis is “a theory and a method for the investigation of the unconscious and its ways of working” (Bocock, 2002, p. 92). Freud, in his study, finds out that there is ‘place’ in individual’s mind which becomes the reason of some actions.

Concerning in natural science, “it took him (Freud) some years to realize that human beings could and did attach meanings to their actions, not in the same sense as Weber had meant in his sociology, but meanings which the person themselves did not find easy to put into words” (p. 93). Bocock explains more that people tend to do some things that they find do not make sense. These kind of phenomenon is not important before Freud was working on it.

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Thus, by 1923 Freud introduced the three-part model of personality which consists of id, ego and superego. Id is the unconscious part of human’s mind, ego is the part which in contact with reality and superego is the censor for all actions done by ego to fulfill id’s demand.

a. The Id (The ‘It’)

Id, based on Freud is the primary stage in system of personality. Id makes no contact with reality so that id works with pleasure principles in which id tries to please our basic necessities such as happiness, anger, hunger, and sex. “The infant seeks gratification of needs without regard of what is possible (that is, demand for ego) or what is proper (that is, restraint of superego)” (Feist, 2008, p. 27). Id is the part in human’s personality that has no relation to moral (amoral). Therefore, it is possible for a girl to love and to care of her mother and at the same time unconsciously wishing for her mother’s fall. “The id demands immediate satisfaction and when this happens we experience pleasure, when it is denied we experience

‘unpleasure’ or tension” (McLeod, 2016, para. 7). “(Id) manifesting itself in an impulsive, irrational, and narcissistic (exaggeratedly self-loving) manner, regardless of the consequences of its action for others or its own self-preservation” (Hjelle,

1981, p. 34). Thus, the person who is dominated by their id is typically a pleasure seeker type of personality. Their ego works to satisfy the demands of their id without really considering the reality surrounding.

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b. The Ego (The ‘I’)

In contrast with id which works based on pleasure principles, ego works based on reality principles as the only part of personality that has a contact with reality. Ego basically strives to fulfill id’s demands. It is also where the process of decision making happens. Based on Freud, “ego becomes distinctive to id when the newborn baby starts to learn how to differ himself from the outside world” (Feist and Feist,

2008, p. 27). There are times when ego is defeated by id’s demands and vice versa.

To understand the relation between ego and id, Freud’s famous analogy is the id as the horse and the ego as the rider.

The ego develops in order to mediate between the unrealistic id and the external world. It is the decision making component of personality. Ideally the ego works by reason, whereas the id is chaotic and totally unreasonable (McLeod, 2016, para. 10).

If the id seeks for something to satisfy its desire, ego is the one that works it out.

“While the id remains unchanged, the ego continues to develop strategies for handling the id’s unrealistic and unreleting demands for pleasure” (Feist, 2008, p.

29). The ego works based on reality principles which works to substitute the needs of id by checking the reality whether it is possible. According to Feist, a psychologically healthy person is someone who is dominated by their ego.

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The figure (Feist, 2008, p. 30) suggests three different kinds of personality based on their id, ego and superego development. A person whose id is dominant tends to be a pleasure seeking person. They act based on the pleasure principle without a notify to the real world. In the other hand, a person whose superego is dominant tends to be a guilt-ridden or inferior feeling person for their superego is able to punish their ego when the ego violates the rules in the society. Whereas the person whose ego is dominant is said to be the psychologically healthy person.

c. The Superego (The ‘Above-I’)

Superego is the last element in personality that is developed in human. It works based on moralistic and idealistic principles in which in contrast with pleasure principles of id and reality principles of ego. “Superego is different with ego in one important side—it does not have a contact with reality so that it is not realistic with the demands about perfections” (Freud as cited in Feist, 2008, p. 30). Based on Freud, superego has two sub-systems that are 1) conscience and 2) ego ideal. “Freud did not clearly distinguish between these two functions, but, in general, the conscience results

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from the experiences with punishment for improper behavior and tells us what we should not do, whereas ego-ideal develops from experiences with rewards for proper behavior and tell us what we should do” (Feist and Feist, 2008, p. 30). Thus, superego can punish ego for striving to fulfill id’s demands in a way that is not acceptable in superego standard with regret or guilt.

Superego is a “collective conscience” (Hjelle, 1981, p. 36) because in the development of the superego within an individual, they collect the norms and laws applied in the society and try to follow the same rules and laws as to be accepted.

However, superego is unrealistic about the demands of perfection and “it does not take into consideration the difficulties or impossibilities faced by the ego in carrying out its order” (Feist, 2008, pp. 30-31). The people who are dominated by superego are people who easily feeling inferior. Superego is said to be well-developed when it

“acts to control sexual and aggresive impulses through the process of repression”

(Feist, 2008, p. 30). However, superego cannot produce repression by itself but it can order ego to do so.

This theory is taken to be used in analyzing the dynamic relation between

Sherlock Holmes and John Watson. Several actions done by a person is analyzed through the glasses of psychodynamic personality to see their id, ego and superego.

In the further study, to indicate the dominant part of the three elements in human’s personality in the two major characters mentioned. Thus, for the writer the

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psychodynamic theory from Sigmund Freud is the most proper theory to answer the questions.

3. Social Psychology

Gordon Allport defines social psychology as a discipline to “understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings” (Cherry, 2018, para. 2).

This discipline uses scientific methods to understand how people can influence the behavior and the choices of other people.

“Allport’s work (1924) underpins current thinking to a greater degree, as he acknowledged that social behavior results from interactions between people. He also took a methodological approach, discussing actual research and emphasizing that the field was one of a “science … which studies the behavior of the individual in so far as his behavior stimulates other individuals, or is itself a reaction to this behavior” (1942: p. 12)” (McLeod, 2007, para. 10) The essence of this field of study is that how other people react over one’s stimulus. That is from where a great leader is coming from. A leader is able to give stimulus that is responded by a group of people. Thus, it is possible for a person to influence others both in their social behavior and choices. These influences shape a person and construct their social behavior or the way they react socially within a group. There are ten topics that are examined in this field including: 1) the self- concept, 2) social cognition, 3) attribution theory, 4) social influence, 5) group processes, 6) prejudice and discrimination, 7) interpersonal processes, 8) aggression,

9) attitudes and, 10) stereotypes.

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However, for this study, there is only one theory used which is attribution theory.

Attribution is a way we use to attach a meaning to one’s behavior or our behavior.

Heider in 1958 puts two main ideas about this theory that becomes influential. They are:

1) Internal Attribution: the process of assigning the cause of behavior to some

internal characterisric, rather than to outside forces. When we explain the

behavior of others we look for enduring internal attributions, such as personality

traits. For example, we attribute the behavior of a person to their personality,

motives or beliefs.

2) External Attribution: the process of assigning the cause of behavior to some

situation or event outside a person’s control rather than to some internal

characteristics. When we try to explain our own behavior we tend to make

external attributions such as situational or enviroment features (McLeod, 2012,

para. 6-7).

This theory is seen as an appropriate theory to support the analysis in the influence of John Watson to Sherlock Holmes. Attribution theory is used as the fondation in understanding Sherlock Holmes’ motives of behavior both as internal and external influence, in this case the external is done by John Watson.

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4. Theory of Film Analysis a. Mise-en-Scène

The word is derived from French which literally means “put into the scene”

(Villarejo, 2007, p. 28). Villarejo stated that “it is (also) in mise-en-scène that we often find a palpable manifestation of what we might call in the vernacular the “world of the film,” its feel, its attitude toward detail, its sense of its own reality against which we can measure its representation” (2007, p. 28). Thus, in the book the author also classified the elements of mise-en-scène into six namely: setting (set and prop), lighting, costume, hair, make-up, and figure behavior.

However in this study, the part of mise-en-scène that is used to support the data analysis is the figure behavior. It focuses on the way the actor delivering the script into the camera. The facial expression, intonation and the body movement thought as the best to deliver the script to the audiences. “Figure behavior means to describe the movement, expression, or actions of the actors or other figures (animals, monsters, animated things, droids) within a given shot” (2007, p. 35). There are two kinds of figure behavior suggested by Gail Lathrop and David O. Sutton. They are 1) figure expression refers to the facial expressions and the posture of an actor and, 2) figure movement refers to all other actions of the actor, including gestures (2013, p. 3).

Figure behavior helps audiences to understand several cases and to deliver the script through movement, expression and intonation. It is taken since this study only concerns on the script of the TV series but needs the supporting data from the

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delivery of the script from the actors. Thus, other elements in mise-en-scène, such as setting (set and prop), lighting, costume, hair and make-up is not being used to analyze the object of this study.

Figure behavior is used to give more data to support the data taken from the script. The figure behavior from Sherlock Holmes and John Watson are used to analyze the way they deliver the script and to see the exact expression of certain sentences. Their delivery of certain sentences and their facial expressions to react to a certain situation suggest their way of thinking toward a situation. Thus, the data are treated as additional data in how the actor deliver the script in vocal and body language.

C. Theoretical Framework

The study is focusing on the development of id, ego and superego within the major character in Sherlock TV series who are Sherlock Holmes and John Watson.

The theories mentioned above are used to support the analysis.

The theories of characterization are used to understand the characteristics of

Sherlock Holmes and John Watson seen in the TV series. Then, the theory of three- part model of personality is used to analyze the development of their id and superego to see the domination within their characters. Later, the contributions from John

Watson are studied through the interactions between the said two characters with the attribution theory also supported by film analysis theory.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents a discussion of the research procedures and the way the analysis of the study is conducted. The discussion includes the object of the study, the approach of the study, and the method of the study.

A. Object of the Study

Sherlock TV series created by Mark Gatiss and Steven Moffat and written by

Steve Thompson is the recent adaptation of Sherlock Holmes, fictional detective created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. There are four seasons aired in UK from 2010 and the recent one in 2017. Each season contains of three approximately one hour long episodes telling about Sherlock Holmes and John Watson’s adventures in solving cases around London. However for this study, the writer could not find the original screenplay written by Mark Gatiss and Steve Thompson. Thus, the writer used the scripts transcribed by Callie Sullivan retrieved from http://arianedevere.livejournal.com.

This series has won several awards in UK such as British Academy Television

Awards (BAFTA) for Best Drama Series in 2011, Television Critics Association

Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Movies, Miniseries and Specials in 2011,

Edinburg International Television Festival for Arqiva awards for The Best Terrestial

Show (Sherlock Season 1 and 2) and for Network and Ones to Watch Programme

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Choice (Sherlock) in 2011 and 2012, Critics’ Choice Television Awards for Best

Movie or Miniseries in 2012, BAFTA Cymru or BAFTA in Wales for Best Television

Drama in 2012, South Bank Sky Arts Awards for The Best TV Drama in 2012, and

68th Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Television Movie (The Abominable

Bride) in 2016.

Through each season, there are different cases to solve but the episodes, especially in season 1 and 2 are linked with one important detail which is the appearance of James Moriarty, Sherlock’s only rival. However, for this study the writer only chose two season which is season 1 and season 2. From total 6 episodes in the two seasons, two episodes were taken in order to be analyzed. They are season 1 episode 3 entitled The Great Game and season 2 episode 3 entitled The Reichenbach

Fall. The very episodes are chosen because in this episodes are the appearance of

James Moriarty. The writer decided to use these episodes because James Moriarty’s presence and plans to destroy Sherlock Holmes have caused some fluctuations inside

Sherlock’s mind that resulted a lot of more interesting data than in other episodes.

The Great Game is the third episode in the first season. This episode is the first episode for the appearance of James Moriarty. He sends Sherlock some riddles to solve to test the Great Detective’s ability in solving cases. He threatens Sherlock that he will kill him because Sherlock claims himself to stop Moriarty and his business as a consulting criminal. However, before he can decide whether to kill Sherlock, it is interrupted by Irene Adler in season 2 episode 1.

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Irene Adler is a woman whose job is to provide a sexual pleasure in BDSM

(bondage, discipline, dominance and submission, sadomasochism) for those who like it. She involves with James Moriarty and one of the Royal Family’s members. In this episode, Sherlock encounters with a woman who he is attracted to. She manages to persuade Moriarty not to kill Sherlock, but then Moriarty decides to attract Sherlock’s attention again in episode 3, The Reichenbach Fall.

Attached to the original work by Conan Doyle, The Reichenbach Fall is the episode of Sherlock’s and Moriarty’s death. It is Moriarty’s plan to destroy

Sherlock’s fame so that Sherlock will not stick his nose into Moriarty’s business. He creates a fake identity as Richard Brook and tells everyone that Sherlock has created all the cases he has solved and also James Moriarty himself to gain popularity.

Sherlock understands that Moriarty needs him to die to complete the story about his fake cases. In the end, Sherlock decides to do so because Moriarty threatens him that there are professional assassins aiming their rifles to all Sherlock’s best friend.

Sherlock’s death completes Moriarty’s plan to destroy him.

Based on the problem formulation, this research is aimed to analyze the characteristics of both Sherlock Holmes and John Watson then to understand which part of human’s personality is dominant in their character through the character analysis. After that, their relation is studied to find the influence to each other’s dominant part of human’s personality.

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B. Approach of the Study

The approach used in the study is psychoanalytic criticism. Based on Peter Barry, psychoanalytic criticism is “a form of literary criticism which uses some of the techniques of psychoanalysis in the interpretation of literature” (2002, p. 92).

Psychoanalysis itself is a form of therapy that concerns much on the interaction between conscious and unconscious.

Psychoanalysis lets the patient talks freely so that all their repressed fears that causing the problem in the unconscious appears to the conscious. “The practice is based upon specific theories of how the mind, the instincts and sexuality works”

(Barry, 2002, p. 92). The writer uses this approach because it focuses on the interaction between conscious and unconscious part in human being. It is important because the conflict between conscious and unconscious part in character’s mind is the cause of conflicts. Thus, it is seen to be the most appropriate approach used to answer all the problem formulations.

C. Method of the Study

The method of the study for collecting the data is library research. All the supportive data to analyze the episodes are obtained from printed books, journals, and previous theses from Sanata Dharma University’s library and credible website for research journals and e-books.

For this study, there are two type of sources to support the analysis. The primary source is the transcript of Sherlock TV series season 1 episode 3 and season 2 episode

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3 transcribed by Callie Sullivan. The secondary source is the approach used to analyze the data. They are The Id and the Ego by Sigmund Freud, Beginning Theory by Peter Barry, Theories of Personality: 7th Edition by Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist and Personality Theories by Larry A. Hjelle and Danie J. Ziegler.

In doing the research, the writer did several steps. The first step, the writer watched the series closely trying to relate the script and the film in accordance with the topic of the research. Secondly, all the data obtained related to the interaction between Sherlock Holmes and John Watson which represent their characteristics then being analyzed using the theory from Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Third, after obtaining the characteristics of the two main characters in the TV series, the data were analyzed further to see the dominant id and superego in Sherlock Holmes and

John Watson’s characteristics using theory from Sigmund Freud which focuses on the interaction between id, ego and superego within human personality.

Then, to see the contribution of John Watson to Sherlock Holmes’ superego development through their interactions, the attribution theory from Fritz Heider was used along with film analysis. Lastly, the writer drew a conclusion by relating all the results of the analysis.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This part presents the discussion related to the problem formulation in Chapter 1 using the theories presented in Chapter 2. The discussion includes the characteristics of two major characters in Sherlock TV Series along with their dynamic personality seen through Sigmund Freud’s model of personality. Thus, the results of the two discussions are elaborated to find out the answer for the final question, the contributions of John Watson to Sherlock Holmes’ superego development.

A. The Characteristics of Sherlock Holmes and John Watson

The first part of the discussions covers the characteristics from Sherlock Holmes and John Watson using the theory of characterization from Edgar V. Roberts and

Henry E. Jacobs. Then, the characteristics found analyzes with theory of three-part model of personality from Sigmund Freud to find which part is dominant within both

Sherlock Holmes and John Watson.

1. Sherlock Holmes

Sherlock Holmes is the main character in the TV series. As the main character, he receives a lot of attention. Through the series, there are some characteristics disclosed by Sherlock Holmes. Those characteristics are revealed through what he does and says along with the comments from other characters.

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a. Sherlock Holmes does not care about irrelevant things for him.

Sherlock Holmes barely has friends. If he does, those people are whom he can take any benefits from. Greg Lestrade, the Detective Inspector of Scotland Yard who provides Sherlock with several cases to pump up Sherlock’s mood. Molly Hopper, a lab worker in St. Bartholomew Hospital who grants him an unlimited access to the lab for his own importance. Mrs. Hudson, the landlady in whose house he lives. Other than that, he does not really put any attention. People’s lives and people’s feelings for him are not important.

In the opening of episode 3 in season 1, Sherlock is sitting face-to-face with a prisoner in a room. In the scene, the prisoner asks Sherlock to help him to defend him in the trial. He was sentenced for killing his own wife, but instead of listening

Sherlock keeps on correcting his grammar.

BERWICK: She was always gettin’ at me, sayin’ I weren’t a real man. SHERLOCK: Wasn’t a real man. BERWICK: What? SHERLOCK: It’s not “weren’t”; it’s “wasn’t.” BERWICK: Oh. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 1)

He does not give attention to the story because for him the case is “open and shut domestic murder. Not worth my time” (p. 3). Here because he knows he cannot defend a man who is found guilty. Even when the prisoner begs him and says that he does not have any other choice because Sherlock is the best, he does not care. He is correcting Berwick’s grammar instead. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Based on the quoted script, we can study the ignorance of Sherlock towards other people’s problem which is not attracting his attention. Sherlock does not care about things he finds irrelevant for himself. In a glance into the case, Sherlock decides whether the case worth to solve and if it is not, he asks the clients to go instantly. In several occasions later, he shows his ignorance towards people’s feeling or opinion about his action.

JOHN: It’s a head. (He turns and calls out.) JOHN: A severed head! SHERLOCK: Just tea for me, thanks. JOHN (walking back into the living room): No, there’s a head in the fridge. SHERLOCK (calmly): Yes. JOHN: A bloody head! SHERLOCK (stroppily): Well, where else was I supposed to put it? (He looks round at John.) You don’t mind, do you? (John holds out his hands despairingly and looks back towards the fridge.) SHERLOCK: I got it from Bart’s morgue. (John buries his head in one hand.) SHERLOCK: I’m measuring the coagulation of saliva after death. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 4)

In the scene above, John has just returned to home and when he opens the refrigerator, he finds a corpse’s head in the refrigerator. It is basically just one of

Sherlock’s mad ideas and researches about human being. He does not really care whether it is bothering John as his flat mate or Mrs. Hudson as his landlady. He does anything he likes in his own way, other people’s opinion does not matter.

John tries to make him understand that a head is not something common to be found in a refrigerator in which usually food are stored. Sherlock does not say sorry for keeping a head on their refrigerator, he just assumes that John will be okay with PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

that. The way he asks John is “you don’t mind about that, don’t you?” instead of “do you mind?”. By saying “you don’t mind”, Sherlock insists John to agree with him and not to give any objection to the presence of the head in the refrigerator.

SHERLOCK (lowering the magazine and glaring at him): Flattered? (He raises his index fingers and narrates a section of the blog.) “Sherlock sees through everything and everyone in seconds. What’s incredible, though, is how spectacularly ignorant he is about some things.” (The Great Game, 2017, p. 4)

In this scene, John asks him about the things he has written in his blog about

Sherlock’s first case to solve with John. John thinks Sherlock will be flattered with the way John explains about him to the readers. However, it happens that John writes

Sherlock as an ignorant person about several facts. Sherlock does not know astronomy facts even the most common one.

SHERLOCK (interrupting): Oh, you meant “spectacularly ignorant” in a nice way. Look, it doesn’t matter to me who’s Prime Minister ... JOHN (quietly): I know ... SHERLOCK: ... or who’s sleeping with who ... JOHN (softly): Whether the Earth goes round the Sun ... SHERLOCK: Not that again. It’s not important. JOHN: Not impor... (He shifts his position in the chair to face Sherlock.) JOHN: It’s primary school stuff. How can you not know that? (The Great Game, 2017, p. 4)

Therefore, through the quoted script above, we can find two ways in disclosing a character suggested by Roberts and Jacobs in their book. First, Sherlock states it himself he does not care about the current Prime Minister in UK and who has an affair with whom, even whether the earth goes around the sun. In other words, he does not care about several things other people will put much attention on. Sherlock PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

defends himself by stating that even if he happens to know that little astronomy fact, he has deleted it because it is not important.

SHERLOCK (swinging his legs around to the floor and sitting up to face John): Listen. (He points to his head with one finger.) This is my hard drive, and it only makes sense to put things in there that are useful ... really useful. (He grimaces.) SHERLOCK: Ordinary people fill their heads with all kinds of rubbish, and that makes it hard to get at the stuff that matters. Do you see? (The Great Game, 2017, p. 4)

Second, John Watson is the person who does not know Sherlock for a quite long time like Lestrade and he gives his opinion about the detective’s ignorance. He writes, ‘“Sherlock sees through everything and everyone in seconds. What’s incredible, though, is how spectacularly ignorant he is about some things”’ and by this, John implies that even when the detective knows some stuffs about people that he manages to tell a lot about a person by a glance, he does not know some stuffs— ordinary stuffs. Even when he knows, he prefers to ignore it because they are irrelevant to solve a case.

He also hardly thinks about the victims from the games he plays with Moriarty.

The highlight point in The Great Game is a series of dangerous games offerred by

Moriarty for Sherlock to solve. He sends one clue and holds a hostage for one case.

Sherlock manages to solve them all without any noticable regard to the hostages. In one case, there is an old woman helds as the hostage. According to Sherlock, “this one was quite simple, actually, and like I said, the bomber repeated himself. That was a mistake” (2017, p. 35). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

JOHN: No, but Sherl... The hostage... the old woman. She’s been there all this time. SHERLOCK (leaning closer and looking at him intensely): I knew I could save her. I also knew that the bomber had given us twelve hours. I solved the case quickly; that gave me time to get on with other things. Don’t you see? We’re one up on him! (2017, p. 36)

John tries to remind him about the poor woman but Sherlock ignores it saying that he knows he can save the lady while solving the case. In every case given,

Sherlock hardly puts attention to the hostage. He spends all his energy in solving the case instead of finding a way to save the hostage. b. Sherlock Holmes takes in every detail with his observant eyes.

It is famous that Sherlock Holmes is a detective with a great brain drive, the most important essence of himself. He is working based on his brain without any overwhelmed emotion involved so that he can solve the case cleanly. He often mentions about his brain that is his hard drive, the most important part of his whole body. In some occasion, he even performs an activity he claims as ‘visiting his mind palace’. That Sherlock believes there are nothing people can forget, they have to recall it by tracking the memories through their head.

In A Hound of Baskerville (Season 2, Episode 2) John explains it as:

JOHN: Oh, his mind palace. It’s a memory technique – a sort of mental map. You plot a map with a location – it doesn’t have to be a real place – and then you deposit memories there that ... Theoretically, you can never forget anything; all you have to do is find your way back to it. (A Hound of Baskerville, 2016, p. 45)

Sherlock believes in his own power and his brain, he acts logically. It is very common for a detective to do so. He has developed a way to keep all information he PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

has obtained so that he cannot forget anything he has saved. In the place he called as

‘mind place’, he will find all stored information he may need to solve a case. He can also regularly delete some information he thinks unnecessary.

SHERLOCK: So we go round the Sun! If we went round the Moon, or round and round the garden like a teddy bear ... (he flails his hands around beside his head while narrating the line from the children’s poem) ... it wouldn’t make any difference. All that matters to me is the work. Without that, my brain rots. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 5)

That is the answer given by Sherlock when John mentions about his ignorance about irrelevant things for him. He mentions about “all that matters to me is the work, without that my brain rots”, he himself states that his brain is the most important thing for him and he will not care of stuffs that do not have any relation to his works.

Sherlock’s amazing ability in analyzing people by one glance is the proof for his brilliantly working brain. However, his deduction about people around him is very clear that it often causes several problems because Sherlock, in telling the result of his deduction rarely thinks about the impact when he is telling the truth about people. His tendency to tell people about the bare truth has caused some problems with Sherlock especially in building relationship.

SHERLOCK (looking across to her): And domestic bliss must suit you, Molly. You’ve put on three pounds since I last saw you. MOLLY: Two and a half. SHERLOCK: Nuh, three. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 15)

In this scene, Molly comes to the lab while Sherlock is doing a research to find the kidnapper of UK Ambassador. Molly introduces Sherlock to Jim, her boyfriend who happens to be James Moriarty. After Jim leaves the lab, Sherlock gives PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

something he thinks as a compliment to Molly. Sherlock’s way to give compliments is much different with other people. It is considered as impolite to tell woman exactly how much she has gained especially related to weight, but Sherlock seems to ignore the rules and tell Molly how much it exactly is. Furthermore, when Sherlock shakes hand with Molly’s boyfriend, he murmurs the word ‘gay’ but it is still audible for

Molly and John. To change the topic about her weight, Molly confirms it to Sherlock.

MOLLY (angrily): He’s not gay. Why d’you have to spoil ...? He’s not. SHERLOCK (snorting): With that level of personal grooming? JOHN: Because he puts a bit of product in his hair? I put product in my hair. SHERLOCK: You wash your hair. There’s a difference. No-no – tinted eyelashes; clear signs of taurine cream around the frown lines; those tired clubber’s eyes. Then there’s his underwear. MOLLY: His underwear? SHERLOCK: Visible above the waistline – very visible; very particular brand. (He reaches for the metal dish.) SHERLOCK: That, plus the extremely suggestive fact that he just left his number under this dish here ... (he shows her the card that Jim left under the dish) ... and I’d say you’d better break it off now and save yourself the pain. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 16)

Some people prefer to keep that information for themselves and tell it personally instead of using a very bold expression. However, Sherlock does it boldly. He tells the fact he knows without even considering the effect of it to Molly. Besides showing how rude he is about the impact of the truth to Molly, he has excellently done something amazing by analyzing Jim by only a quick glance. Jim has only been present in the room for five or ten minutes, by that short time Sherlock is able to read so many information from his appearance. He mentions: “No-no – tinted eyelashes; clear signs of taurine cream around the frown lines; those tired clubber’s eyes”, those information he collects from Jim only by a short glance. It proves the excellent PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

working brain and a pair of sharp observant eyes. However, even when his brain works excellently, he cannot sense human’s emotions. He cannot sense the current situation and to sense whether it is acceptable to say such things to people.

Later, when Molly leaves the room holding back her tears. Sherlock is confused and he turns his head to John, confused.

JOHN: Charming. Well done. SHERLOCK: Just saving her time. Isn’t that kinder? JOHN: “Kinder”? No, no, Sherlock. That wasn’t kind. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 16)

The quotation above shows how Sherlock is unaware of people’s feeling. He does not know how to treat human the way it should be. He does not know a thing about human because he spends his time to be alone in his flat, thinking. He isolates himself from outside world and minimizes the potency in making any relationship with people so that he fails to understand human. Even though Sherlock Holmes is very great in doing a quick scanning over people and is able to tell them their most shameful secret by a glance, he tends to rub people in a wrong way. With his ability, he is often found insulting people unconsciously. c. Sherlock Holmes likes to fish admiration from people.

Sherlock Holmes is an excellent person. He can think fast, his brain works very effective and he can solve any difficult case with a single evidence for he is able to notice small things other people fail to. In The Great Game, Sherlock manages to find out the place where the kidnapped kids are hid only with a foot print of the kidnapper.

He manages to find out several clues that lead the investigation to an old chocolate PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

factory somewhere in Addlestone. His amazing ability in solving cases somehow develops the tendency to commit a self-admiration. He often praises himself after solving a case.

SHERLOCK: Nineteen eighty-nine, a young kid – champion swimmer – came up from Brighton for a school sports tournament; drowned in the pool. Tragic accident. (He shows John the front page of a newspaper on his phone.) SHERLOCK: You wouldn’t remember it. Why should you? JOHN: But you remember. SHERLOCK: Yes. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 18)

The scene happens when Sherlock is asked by Moriarty to solve the first case after being given only one hint which is an old running shoes. Sherlock instantly knows where to go. He murmurs the word ‘Carl Powers’ and John does not understand what he means by the name. Later, in the taxi on the way to the place where the swimmer found dead, Sherlock explains it. He mentions that the accident happened in 1989 and shows John the news about it. He later says: “you wouldn’t remember it, why would you?’ but when John says: ‘but, you remember” emphasizing the word ‘you’ and Sherlock answers it confidently. In this conversation, Sherlock implies a praise for himself for remembering the case that happened in 1989, when he was a little kid. He implies a praise for his excellent brain for remembering a small case no one remembers.

JOHN: Something fishy about it? SHERLOCK: Nobody thought so – nobody except me. I was only a kid myself. I read about it in the papers. JOHN: Started young, didn’t you? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

(The Great Game, 2017, p. 18)

By stating “Nobody thought so – nobody except me. I was only a kid myself”,

Sherlock implies how excellent he is even when he was very little. John who starts getting used with the self-praising, replies with a sarcasm but Sherlock does not respond the sarcasm. He is proud of himself for finding something other people did not, even the police. He shows off his intelligent to fish some admirations from others but also indirectly praising himself in doing so.

In another scene, Sherlock manages to find out the key in proving the fake painting while no one else can. In the interrogation with the curator of the museum, she says that the artist who made the painting is an excellent painter that can fool anyone.

MISS WENCESLAS: I found a little old man in Argentina. Genius. I mean, really: brushwork immaculate, could fool anyone. SHERLOCK (sarcastically): Hm! MISS WENCESLAS (looking at him briefly): Well, nearly anyone. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 51)

Besides doing a self-praising, Sherlock also fishes some praise from other people. In solving cases, Sherlock is sometimes exaggerating his explanation so that people will ask for the further explanation and he has the chance to show off his intelligent in thinking and processing information way much faster than average people. He likes it when people are aware of his intellegence.

In the trial with Jim Moriarty, Sherlock is asked to come as a witness because his name is written on the glass before Moriarty breaks it. In the trial, he keeps on PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

analyzing people even when he is not asked to do so. Irritated, the judge warns

Sherlock about his manner in the trial.

JUDGE (angrily): Mr Holmes. You’ve been called here to answer Miss Sorrel’s questions, not to give us a display of your intellectual prowess. (Sherlock takes a breath but can’t help looking up towards John and smiling a little at the acknowledgement of his ‘intellectual prowess.’ John stares at him sternly.) JUDGE: Keep your answers brief and to the point. Anything else will be treated as contempt. (Sherlock raises his eyes in a ‘We’re surrounded by idiots’ type way. Jim smiles slightly as if agreeing.) JUDGE: Do you think you could survive for just a few minutes without showing off? (Sherlock pauses while he gives the question some thought, then opens his mouth and draws in a breath.) (The Reichenbach Fall, 2015, p. 14)

However, Sherlock ends up being thrown to the prison. We can conclude that

Sherlock cannot survive for five minutes without showing off. He offends the judge by telling him everything about the jury. He tells the judge who is married, who drinks the tea, and even who is having an affair with each other. That information do not have any relation to the question given to him. It is Sherlock’s character to show off his ability in reading people in a glance.

Even when he has been warned about this, he cannot help but being proud of the acknowledgement of his intellectual prowess as it is stated in the script: ‘Sherlock takes a breath but can’t help looking up towards John and smiling a little at the acknowledgement of his ‘intellectual prowess’. Sherlock is happy because he is able to make people notice his intellectual prowess without considering the effect towards the current situation when he stands. He does not have control over his showing offs. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

d. Sherlock Holmes’ Id

Based on the characteristics disclosed by Sherlock Holmes, there are signs of his three-part model of personality. Sherlock’s characteristics are 1) does not care to irrelevant things for him, 2) takes in every detail with his observant eyes and, 3) likes to fish admirations from people. These three traits of Sherlock relate closely to the development of id, ego and superego within himself.

Seen through the basic function of the id, ego and superego, Sherlock’s superego is seen to be not well-developed because of his lack of sympathy. Superego is the part within an indivual which is responsible for the moral and ideal aspects of a personality. Sherlock’s tendency to ignore people’s feeling towards whatever he says and to ignore the rules apply in society show the inability of his superego to supervise the way ego fullfil the demands of id. Sherlock’s id demands for immediate satisfaction which are complicated cases. Thus, his ego works to find out the cases without being supervised by his superego. Its result is the ignorance from Sherlock towards people’s feeling and society’s rules.

In their book, Feist explains that a person with their id dominant tends to be a pleasure-seeking person. “Besides being unrealistic and pleasure seeking, the id is illogical and can simultaneously entertain incompatible ideas. For example, a woman may show conscious love for her mother while unconsciously wishing to destroy her”

(Feist, 2008, p. 34). Whereas, Sherlock does it differently. He consciously wishes PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

someone to die while unconsciously loves them. Sometimes it seems that Sherlock does not really care about his landlady, Mrs Hudson. He often takes the landlady for granted such as providing him meals and tea. Yet he does not even notice the effort done by the landlady. However, whenever the landlady is in a dangerous situation,

Sherlock immediatelly tries to save the landlady all cost. Therefore, even though the detective seems cold and distant, he actually cares about people. Feist explains further, “these opposing desires are possible because the id has no morality; that is, id cannot make value judgments or distinguish between good and evil. However, the id is not immoral, merely amoral. “All of the id’s energy is spent for one purpose—to seek pleasure without regard for what is proper or just” (Freud as cited in Feist, 2008, p. 34). Sherlock’s pleasure are complicated cases and he uses all of his id’s energy to seek cases without any regard to anything even when it comes to the expose of the victims. As it is mentioned previously, in the series of cases from Moriarty, Sherlock hardly gives attention to the hostages in the cases. He lets the old blind lady, the one

John argues about many times, waits to be saved for complete 11 hours to give

Sherlock time for solving another case.

Superego is a “collective conscience” (Hjelle, 1981, p. 36) which means it is developed through social relationship. An individual collects norms, rules and laws in the society by involving inside. In relation to this, Sherlock often claims himself as “a high functioning sociopath” can be treated as a sign that his superego fails to develop.

Sociopath is someone with antisocial personality disorder. American Psychiatric PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Association (APA) in their Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder 5th

Edition (DSM-5) explains that “the essential feature of antisocial personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood” (2013, p. 659). He fails to conform social norm and he is having difficulties in developing a social relationship with other people. Thus, he cannot “collect” the information he needs in order to be functioning socially. Superego is dealing with morality to supervise the work of ego in striving for id’s demands. Whereas Sherlock refuses to get along with the society and with people. In The Reichenbach Fall, he says “alone is what I have.

Alone protects me” (2015, p. 51). Sherlock has some friends. However, several people are not enough for his superego to develop well. He does not understand the standards in society, the rules and the customs. He does his stuffs without considering the impact to the society he is in. It is also a sign that his superego fails to supervise ego’s way to strive for id’s demands. “The superego watches closely over the ego, judging its actions and intentions” (Feist, 2008, p. 30). For Sherlock Holmes hardly feels sorry for anything he has done to anyone in his life. He hardly appreciates people’s helps and emotions and often takes people’s help for granted.

In a quick glance, Sherlock is seen as the representation of a person with id dominant. He seeks pleasure and he enjoys solving crimes more than he should even in the expose of victims. He fails to show attention in the hostages in every case because he thinks that is not important. He is a dispassionate detective, he works PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

efficiently without the influence of emotions so that he is able to solve the case quickly. He also fails to function socially, meaning that in a social group he cannot get along very well.

2. John Watson

John Watson is the supporting character in Sherlock Holmes. Even so, his role in

Sherlock’s life is as important as Mycroft Holmes or even more. John Watson is a retired soldier with difficulties in adjusting with civilian life. During his struggle, he meets Sherlock and they decide to share a flat together. This time is when John

Watson is welcomed into a new world which is full of adrenalin just like his previous life in war field.

Through the series, John is Sherlock’s best friend. Since they are living together, the interaction between John and Sherlock is the most observable relationship among the rests. Through the interaction, his actions and other’s comments about him too, his characteristics are drawn. These characteristics of John Watson are the opposite of

Sherlock Holmes’. The qualities are acquired through years of living with other people in the war field. a. John Watson manages to sense the situations.

Differently from Sherlock, John has already developed some of manner. Due to the job as a soldier which requires him to meet a lot of people, builds relationship and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

acknowledges some of people’s higher rank, John is able to detect the time when he has to be polite to other people.

The scene when Sherlock first knows Jim in the lab, the poor boy is saying goodbye to Sherlock but the detective is too busy to even reply to his polite saying and John stands up for it.

JIM (to Sherlock): It was nice to meet you. (Sherlock doesn’t respond, continuing to look into his microscope while Jim gazes wistfully at him. John breaks the embarrassing silence.) JOHN: You too. (Jim blinks at him, looking awkward, then turns and leaves the room.) (The Great Game, 2017, p. 15)

There are some scenes in which John acts in the behalf of Sherlock, to respond people’s politeness which the detective does not respond to. John has the sense of manner in his personality which makes him different with Sherlock in a way or other.

John tends to live along with people, building relationship.

When he has an argument with Sherlock whose manner is not usually acceptable,

John decides to stay over in Sarah’s flat instead of arguing with Sherlock. The doctor has offered him to sleep with a lilo, a type of inflatable mattress but John chooses the sofa even when he knows by the morning, it hurts his neck.

SARAH: Morning! JOHN: Oh, mor... (He turns to look at her but grimaces again and grabs at his neck in pain.) Morning. SARAH: See? Told you you should’ve gone with the lilo. JOHN (still rubbing his neck): No, no, no, it’s fine. I-I slept fine. It’s very kind of you. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 6)

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Through the scene, it is observable that despite of the size of helping, John is able to appreciate the help from Sarah to let him sleeping in her flat even though later after sleeping on the sofa, he feels his neck hurt. It does not have any relation with how much they can help but their intention to help. In previous scene, Sherlock has refused Mycroft’s request to help in investigating the mysterious death of Andrew

West, the one who owns one copy of Bruce Partington missile plan in his flash drive.

Mycroft gives the details to John and expects him to persuade Sherlock to investigate the case. John understands Sherlock does not want to do anything he does not desire to so he decides to take the case. In the middle of investigation, Mycroft texts him to ask him about the development of the investigation.

Some times later John, wearing a jacket and tie, is sitting in a chair opposite a desk in a large, rather intimidating office. He looks anxiously at his watch as if he has been waiting there for some time. The door opens and Mycroft walks in, reading a report. MYCROFT: John. How nice. I was hoping you wouldn’t be long. (John politely stands up as Mycroft walks towards the desk, still looking at the report.) (The Great Game, 2017, p. 19)

In fact that John wears suit and tie to meet Mycroft to discuss the case is showing his attitude toward the case. Mycroft keeps mentioning about the missile plan which is a national importance. If Sherlock seems do not care about it, John does. In visiting

Mycroft, he decides to be neat and polite because he considers Mycroft as an important person to the country. As a retired soldier, John still has his patriotism toward the country. As long as he can help, he will help. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

In the same scene later, Mycroft asks about Sherlock even though he knows his brother does not care about any of national’s importances for it is not interesting for him. To be polite, John tries to convince the oldest Holmes.

JOHN: Thank you. (He sits.) Um, well, I was wanting to ... um, your brother sent me to collect more facts about the stolen plans, the missile plans. (Mycroft looks over his shoulder and smiles at him.) MYCROFT: Did he? JOHN: Yes. (He smiles back a little nervously as Mycroft turns towards him and leans back against the desk.) JOHN: He’s investigating now. (Mycroft put his hand to the right side of his mouth as if he is in pain.) JOHN: He’s, er, investigating away. (Lowering his hand again, Mycroft smiles as if he doesn’t believe a word of it.) (The Great Game, 2017, p. 19)

Seeing Mycroft acts like he is in pain because his brother does not put any attention to the case he offers, John tries to lie to comfort him. He tries to keep people from hurt even though Mycroft actually knows that his brother will not do it if he does not want to. John’s effort to convince him is seen as politeness that he prefers not telling the truth which may cause any pain to the hearer.

During investigation, John always asks for permission to collect whatever he may need. He tries not to offend people’s personal space in taking information. In investigating the dead man found by the Thames, he is led to the flat to find some additional information. Here, he is allowed to go to his bedroom.

A woman leads John into Alex’s tiny attic bedroom. It’s messy with clothes scattered everywhere. The window in the canted ceiling looks up into the sky, and standing below it is a large object covered with a sheet. JULIE: We’d been sharing about a year. Just sharing. JOHN: Mmm. (Julie stops and gestures around the room. John walks in and looks around, not PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

touching anything. He looks at the sheet-covered object and points to it.) JOHN: May I? JULIE: Yeah. (John tries to lift just the top of the sheet but it slips from his fingers and falls to the floor.) JOHN: Sorry. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 43)

In conducting an investigation, John still concerns about politeness. He asks permission from Julie, Alex’s flat-mate to investigate through the room. He asks:

“may I?” that indicates that he wants to open the sheet covered the object. In this scene, he is being careful with someone’s things. He even says sorry after dropping the cover when all he wants only to peek into it. Unlike Sherlock who will do anything he likes just because he is summoned to help so he owns the full rights to touch anything without permission.

He also in a way is telling the detective about the manner he should follow in the society. In The Reichenbach Fall, there are some scenes in which John stands with his politeness to cover the manner of Sherlock Holmes.

DIRECTOR: A small token of our gratitude. (Sherlock takes the box and looks at it.) SHERLOCK: Diamond cufflinks. All my cuffs have buttons. JOHN (to the Director): He means thank you. SHERLOCK: Do I? JOHN: Just say it. SHERLOCK (insincerely to the Director): Thank you. (He starts to walk away but John holds him back.) JOHN: Hey. (Sherlock unwillingly stops and the press start taking photographs. (The Reichenbach Fall, 2015, p. 2)

When Sherlock states truthfully that he does not need the present, John immediately stands up to tell the director that Sherlock means to thank him even PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

though John understands clearly that Sherlock has never been thanking anyone sincerely in his life regardless of the efforts they put in helping him in making his life easier. John also asks the detective to say it himself even though the Sherlock does not want to. John’s sense of politeness is very strong.

In another occasion, still in the same scene, John again shows his politeness in companying the detective.

FATHER: Back together with my family after my terrifying ordeal; and we have one person to thank for my deliverance – Sherlock Holmes. (As the public applaud, the boy smiles and offers a small gift-wrapped box to Sherlock. He takes it and rattles it briefly.) SHERLOCK (to John): Tie pin. I don’t wear ties. JOHN: Shh. (The Reichenbach Fall, 2015, pp. 2-3)

Even when Sherlock whispers only to John, the doctor asks him to be silent because he is afraid that one of the family members overhear the saying. John here shows the effort he takes to keep people happy. The gift may be useless to Sherlock but John believes that Sherlock can act more polite by receiving the gift regardless of its function for Sherlock. That is the manner perceived in society.

Through the data, John is polite because he has been building relationship with people. John is practically an extrovert person. When the detective seems do not care about relationship with other, John cares the most about it. Through the experiences with other people, he gains more how to treat people with the right manner. He also has the knowledge how to be ‘human’, his personality reflects the idea of manner which is perceived by the society where he belongs. b. John Watson shows fondness towards people. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Besides polite, John also cares about other people. He often nearly sacrifices himself in order to save people. In solving crime, Sherlock does it in a way that it seems like he does not really care about other people. In the other hand, the doctor cares the most about the hostage instead of the case. The two men have a different thing to be prioritized in solving crimes. As a doctor, John has the instinct to keep everyone save that is why when there is a hostage in the case, he puts more attention to them.

NEWSREADER (on the TV): This one is anticipated to do even better. Back now to our main story. There’s been a massive explosion in central London. (John looks at the TV screen and his face fills with shock as the picture changes to show live footage of a road where brickwork is scattered all over the pavement, and police cordons have been set up to keep people out. The headline at the bottom of the screen reads, “House destroyed on Baker St.”) NEWSREADER (on the TV): As yet, there are no reports of any casualties, and the police are unable to say if there is any suspicion of terrorist involvement. (John is already on his feet and he hurries around the sofa to grab his jacket before turning towards the door and calling out.) JOHN: Sarah! (He stops and looks at the TV screen briefly.) NEWSREADER (on the TV): Police have issued an emergency number for friends and relatives ... JOHN: Sarah! (He heads towards the front door, not even waiting for Sarah to reply to him.) JOHN: Sorry – I’ve got to run. (The Great Game, 2017, pp. 5-6)

In the scene, John has just woken up by the sofa in Sarah’s living room after nearly having an argument with Sherlock. Then when he sees the news about an explosion near their flat, he immediately concerns about Sherlock’s safety even though he was very angry at him the day before. It shows that even when he is very angry at his friend, he cannot deny his instinct to care about Sherlock. He runs from PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Sarah’s flat to Baker Street and when he enters the room, his first question is whether

Sherlock is okay.

JOHN: Sherlock. Sherlock! (As he hurries into the living room, his eye is drawn to the boarded-up windows, then to his armchair, but his gaze quickly turns to Sherlock’s chair where Sherlock is apparently uninjured and is intermittently plucking the strings of the violin he is holding on his chest while he glares petulantly towards John’s chair.) SHERLOCK (looking up at his flatmate): John. (The reason for Sherlock’s annoyance – his brother Mycroft, who is sitting in John’s chair – glances round at John.) JOHN (to Sherlock): I saw it on the telly. Are you okay? (The Great Game, 2017, p. 7)

The way he observes the room determine his priority. His attention first is drawn by the windows but he quickly jumps into Sherlock’s chair to make sure whether

Sherlock is sitting there or not and when he finds out that Sherlock is there uninjured,

John starts breathing again. He cares of Sherlock the most even after being together in a very short time.

Besides care of Sherlock, John as he is dealing more with relationship and society, tends to be more careful with other people’s opinion about him. Mycroft mentions that “Sherlock’s business seems to be booming since you and he became pals” (The Great Game, 2017, p. 8). The impact of the gained popularity, people are turning their noses to Sherlock and John. There are many speculations about their relationship because they both are hardly seen dating.

In one occasion, Sherlock is reading a news about him and does not really like the tabloid name given to him.

SHERLOCK (indignantly): “Boffin.” “Boffin Sherlock Holmes.” JOHN: Everybody gets one. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

SHERLOCK: One what? JOHN: Tabloid nickname: ‘SuBo’; ‘Nasty Nick.’ Shouldn’t worry – I’ll probably get one soon. SHERLOCK: Page five, column six, first sentence. (John turns to the relevant page. Sherlock goes over to the fireplace, picks up the deerstalker, holds it up and punches it angrily.) SHERLOCK: Why is it always the hat photograph? JOHN (looking at the newspaper article): “Bachelor John Watson”? (The Reichenbach Fall, 2015, pp. 3-4)

When John realizes that he has already been given a tabloid nickname and he does not like it, he starts questioning the name. He says the nickname frequently while reading the news. This shows how much John care about people opinion regarding his position and himself as a person. As a final, he says: “Okay, this is too much. We need to be careful” and it steals Sherlock’s attention eventually.

SHERLOCK: It really bothers you. JOHN: What? SHERLOCK: What people say. JOHN: Yes. SHERLOCK: About me? I don’t understand – why would it upset you? (John holds his gaze for a moment, then looks away.) JOHN: Just try to keep a low profile. Find yourself a little case this week. Stay out of the news. (The Reichenbach Fall, 2015, p. 4)

There is a rumor that John Watson and Sherlock Holmes have a special relationship. People are questioning their real relationship. In the series later, when a journalist corners Sherlock in the bathroom, she asks: “You and John—just platonic?” (p. 12). It shows that there is a rumor that they may be a couple. John does not like that rumor so he tries to break it that is why he concerns much about people’s opinion regarding their relationship. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

As it is mentioned earlier, John cares the most about the hostage in a case.

Differently with Sherlock, John worries about how to save the hostage instead of solving the case. In The Great Game, there are cases created by Jim Moriarty for

Sherlock. In each case, Moriarty holds a hostage to call Sherlock and to give him instructions along with clues how to solve the case. The concerns are split: Sherlock puts all his attention to the case but the hostage, John is worrying about the hostage.

JOHN: So, who d’you suppose it was? (A phone trills a text alert.) SHERLOCK (absently, not reacting to the alert): Hmm? JOHN: The woman on the phone – the crying woman. SHERLOCK: Oh, she doesn’t matter. She’s just a hostage. No lead there. JOHN (exasperated): For God’s sake, I wasn’t thinking about leads. SHERLOCK: You’re not going to be much use to her. (He glances across to the scanner as it continues throwing up “NO MATCH” results, then looks back into the microscope.) JOHN: Are-are they trying to trace it, trace the call? SHERLOCK: The bomber’s too smart for that. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 13)

Here, John tries to make sure that someone is putting an effort in finding the woman instead of just waiting for Sherlock to solve the case. John thinks that it may be much more useful to find the hostage first. When he says his thought about the woman, Sherlock replies with “she doesn’t matter. She’s just a hostage. No lead there

(to the bomber)” and John exclaims that he does not think about any clues about the bomber. He just cares about the poor woman who does not understand a thing but has to join the madness.

It is mentioned before that John is a retired soldier so that his patriotism toward the country is still strong. Mycroft often uses the line ‘national importance’ to attract PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Sherlock’s attention to the case but it fails. It works very well with John Watson instead. Thus, when Mycroft asks Sherlock to investigate a missing missile plan for the national importance, he gets John instead. The doctor tries to persuade Sherlock but the detective does not care.

JOHN: Look, he did say ‘national importance.’ (Sherlock snorts, not looking up from his research.) SHERLOCK: How quaint. JOHN: What is? SHERLOCK: You are. Queen and country. JOHN (sternly): You can’t just ignore it. SHERLOCK: I’m not ignoring it. Putting my best man onto it right now. JOHN: Right. Good. (He folds his arms and nods in satisfaction, then looks at Sherlock in puzzlement.) JOHN: Who’s that? (The Great Game, 2017, p. 19)

John cares about national importance while Sherlock does not. He puts his best effort trying to help. Sherlock thinks John is the best man because John does really care about every case labeled by national importance by Mycroft. Thus, John comes visiting Mycroft to help the investigation about the death of Andrew West. c. John Watson maintains social relationship.

Differently with Sherlock who does not like to socialize much, John tends to build a social life with people around them. He has the two characteristics which are required to create a great social life which are polite and affectionate. Through the series, he has shown some qualities of making friends and relations. The doctor also cares so much about people’s opinion especially when it is related to himself and

Sherlock, he cares about what are people talking about. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

In the scene where John tells Sherlock about the press’ turn into Sherlock because the headlines recently full of Sherlock and it is bothering Sherlock as a private detective. The last thing Sherlock wants is attention from the press. Sherlock mentions to John how much he cares about what people say. John tells him to keep a low profile to avoid further news. This scene shows the reaction of John towards the news about them spreading widely through the newspaper. He clearly says he does not like the way newspaper addressing them as a ‘couple’. Whereas the detective does not care about what people may say about them. It shows the concerns John put on the society. Once again, in another scene when they have to run away from the police to save their lives, John shows his worry about people’s opinion:

SHERLOCK: Take my hand. JOHN (grabbing his hand as they race onwards): Now people will definitely talk. (The Reichenbach Fall, 2015, p. 42)

The talk he means is when people see them running away holding hand. While

Sherlock does not have any interest in building relationship with the opposite sex,

John is there to build relationship. He puts a lot of effort trying to build relationships with people. He expands his relationship with people. He in a way or others, knows how to handle people because the experiences he has gained in the military service. In the series, besides accompanying Sherlock in solving cases, he works as a doctor in a small clinic. There he meets a lot of new people, totally different with Sherlock who tends to alienate himself from outside world. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

As it is mentioned before, he has a relationship with a doctor in his work place,

Sarah. In fact that he tries to build relationship is a way to tell his sociable personality. He makes friend with Sherlock’s friend. Regardless of the manner of

Sherlock, John manages to keep those friends close to them. When the detective seems to ignore all people’s effort to make friend with him, John does the opposite.

This proves John’s natural behavior to make friend with people, to make connection and to make friend.

In The Great Game, when Sherlock is in the middle of solving riddles from

Moriarty, he is sent a picture of a celebrity. Yet Sherlock who has never watched television fails to recognize the face, while John does.

(The pink phone beeps a message alert. Sherlock switches it on and it sounds two short Greenwich pips followed by the longer tone, and a photograph of a smiling middle-aged woman appears on the screen.) SHERLOCK: That could be anybody. JOHN: Well, it could be, yeah. Lucky for you, I’ve been more than a little unemployed. SHERLOCK: How d’you mean? JOHN: Lucky for you, Mrs Hudson and I watch far too much telly. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 28)

The thing implies there is that while Sherlock is busy with his life as a detective,

John is making some time for Mrs. Hudson to keep a good relationship with the landlady. John Watson has some tolerances for people while Sherlock definitely refuses to have relationships with people. The detective keeps the number of his friends as lower as it is possible while John Watson does not mind to have more. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Besides putting much attention to the society and what they may talk about them,

John also shows his willingness to be friend, he knows how to appreciate the friends around them.

(Sherlock walks closer to the body and squats down to examine the man’s face closely with his magnifier. He then looks at the ripped pocket on the shirt before working his way downwards until he reaches the man’s feet. He pulls off one of the socks and examines the sole of the foot with his magnifier. Standing up and closing the magnifier, he looks across to John and jerks his head down towards the body in a mute order to examine it. John looks enquiringly at Lestrade for permission; the inspector holds his hand out in a ‘be my guest’ gesture. John squats down beside the body and reaches out to take hold of the man’s wrist while Sherlock walks a few paces away and gets out his phone.) (The Great Game, 2017, p. 39)

The scene where John “looks enquiringly at Lestrade for permission” proves

John’s ability to appreciate Greg’s position as the Detective Police while Sherlock does it without even ask any permission to Greg since he is summoned to help. As it is mentioned above, the two qualities of John as a man make him able to socialize better than Sherlock. John’s spare time accompanying Mrs. Hudson to drink a cup of tea and watch television, his effort in making relationship with Sarah and his ability in respecting also appreciating people’s helps make him a man with social network somehow wider than Sherlock. John knows how to make friend without taking any benefit from them. d. John Watson’s Superego

John Watson’s characteristics are 1) he manages to sense the situations, 2) he shows fondness towards people and, 3) he maintains social relationship. Through these traits of John Watson, they are related closely to his tendency to care about not PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

only people, but also society around them. Unlike the detective whose social relationship limited only with people he cares such as Greg Lestrade, Molly Hopper,

Mrs Hudson, John Watson and the Holmes, John has a very broad field of friendship.

He has a lot of friends. Thus, he manages to collect more example about what is proper and not. He is a war veteran and a doctor, two jobs that requires the meeting with new people almost everyday. The fact that John is employed in a small clinic for living allows him to meet a lot of new people as his patients.

John also manages to control his emotion. In the scene when Sherlock states how ignorant he is toward small facts about solar system, he tells John what is really matter for him is the work, the case and he asks the doctor to write it down on the blog “or better still, stop inflicting your opinions on the world” (The Great Game,

2017, p. 5). It makes him angry, but instead of confronting Sherlock, he decides to go out and sleep over his girlfriend’s place. He tries to find alternative activity to control his anger, the alternative of course different with the detective who seems to be unable to control his emotion. While superego, according to Feist, is said to be well- developed when it “acts to control sexual and aggresive impulses through the process of repression” (2008, p. 30). Thus, we can conclude that John’s ability to control his emotions is the proof of his well-developed superego.

His ability to sense people’s emotion helps him to be nice to other people. He has been with other people almost his whole life, so it is easy for him to sense the situation and the emotion. It makes him a nice person in compare to Sherlock who is unable to do so. He knows how to handle people while Sherlock knows how to PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

handle facts to solve the crime. This is later related to the definition of superego suggested by Hjelle mentioned before that as a “collective conscience”, superego needs social relationships in order to develop. With his broad friendship, John

Watson is able to develop manner to be socially functioning. Thus, John Watson is able to sense that Sherlock Holmes needs help to sense human emotion so that he can be socially functioning just as John Watson does. John then is seen as the voice of superego, the voice of manner and morality in society that helps Sherlock to understand what is needed to be accepted in the society and to develop his social behavior within society.

B. John Watson’s Contributions to Sherlock Holmes’ Superego Development

This part discusses the contributions from John Watson to Sherlock Holmes’ superego development. Through the characteristics and interactions of Sherlock

Holmes and John Watson discussed previously, the dominant part within them has already stated. Thus, the contributions are discussed in this part. The part is divided into several interactions in which their interaction shows much of the id, ego and superego values within their behavior.

John Watson has a very strict control about his emotion. As it is mentioned before, John is the opposite of Sherlock. If the detective has the difficulties in containing his emotions and mood-swings, John is able to control and to repress his emotions. However, in some occasions, the two major characters have arguments and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

John is hardly able to contain his emotion seeing Sherlock’s lack of sympathy about the victims from the dangerous game he plays with Moriarty. “John’s frequent outburst at Sherlock usually come when he believes Sherlock does not exhibit moral behavior—a failure to care sufficiently about the victims” (Toadvine, 2012, p. 56).

Toadvine sees that John is the moral compass for the detective, the doctor is able to sense human’s emotion and the situation which the detective seems to fail to notice.

Here, with his ability, John Watson is doing something called by Toadvine as

‘civilizing the sociopath’ (2012). John constantly helps the detective to sense the rules, the emotions and the current situations. “He (John) contrasts the more intellectual and socially inept Sherlock in that he is able to recognize and use social cues in a way that Sherlock does not” (Toadvine, 2012, p. 56). Thus, they often come into a disagreement about stuffs. These arguments are the data to be discussed in this part to see their interaction and to analyze the contributions done by John Watson for

Sherlock Holmes.

1. Interaction 1: The Great Game

Sherlock is addicted to adrenaline and he finds it hard to live without any constant booster. In the opening scene of The Great Game, Sherlock is shooting the wall absentmindedly because he is bored and John who catches him red handed is having a difficulty in trying to understand the detective’s motive. The coping mechanism choosen by the detective from boredom is unusual. In this episode too,

Sherlock encounters with Moriarty who gives him a series of cases to solve through a PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

phone call and MMS. During the adventure solving cases, Sherlock shows the lack of sympathy towards the hostages held by Moriarty, he makes a clear priority to solve the case then to save the hostages. It is also clear that the doctor does not think the same. They cross the first argument because of their clashed priority.

JOHN: So why’s he doing this, then – playing this game with you? D’you think he wants to be caught? (Sherlock presses his fingertips together in front of his mouth and smiles slightly.) SHERLOCK: I think he wants to be distracted. (John laughs humourlessly, gets out of his chair and heads towards the kitchen.) JOHN: I hope you’ll be very happy together. SHERLOCK: Sorry, what? (John turns back, furious, and leans his hands on the back of his chair.) JOHN: There are lives at stake, Sherlock – actual human lives... Just – just so I know, do you care about that at all? SHERLOCK (irritably): Will caring about them help save them? JOHN: Nope. SHERLOCK: Then I’ll continue not to make that mistake. JOHN: And you find that easy, do you? SHERLOCK: Yes, very. Is that news to you? JOHN: No. (He smiles bitterly.) No. (They lock eyes for a moment.) SHERLOCK: I’ve disappointed you. JOHN (still smiling angrily as he points at him sarcastically): That’s good – that’s a good deduction, yeah. SHERLOCK: Don’t make people into heroes, John. Heroes don’t exist, and if they did, I wouldn’t be one of them. (The Great Game, 2017, p. 37)

John is angry because Sherlock seems to not notice there are hostages there within the dangerous game he plays with Moriarty and John expects the detective to care more about the hostages instead of following his impulses to play the game no matter how fun it is for both Sherlock and Moriarty. John’s morality cannot take the way they game the innocent people’s life just because they are bored. Sherlock says PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

that he has disappointed John because he does not put much attention to the hostages and he states he does not like to be made into heroes who saves people’s lives. For

Sherlock, saving people’s lives are the bonuses of his ability in solving a crime. The adrenaline he gets from solving cases is the only thing he cares. He grows into a dispassionate detective because he understands getting emotion involved within case solving.

They stare at each other before the phone from which Moriarty sends the riddle beeping and Sherlock is fully distracted as if the argument never occurred. He exclaims “excellent!” as he opens the message to show his excitement about the case and then orders John to help him to find more information. John firstly tries to show how much he hates the way Sherlock manages the case but then he realizes Sherlock works based on his way, there is nothing he can do to change Sherlock’s way of thinking, so he decides to help yet still bitterly. Sherlock asks him to find news on the paper related to the Thames river, the MMS sent by Moriarty, when he realizes John does not move, he says: “oh, you’re angry with me, so you won’t help” and “not much cop, this caring lack” then he continues to work by himself totally focuses on his work and oblivious to the emotional trauma which his flat mate is going through.

JOHN (reading from a newspaper): Archway suicide. SHERLOCK (snapping irritably): Ten a penny. (John throws him a look as Sherlock goes back to the Local News option and selects Battersea. The page shows “No new reports.” He tries “Thames Police Reports” and starts scrolling through the duty log.) JOHN: Two kids stabbed in Stoke Newington. (He puts that paper aside and looks at another one.) JOHN: Ah. Man found on the train line – Andrew West. (p. 38) PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

John keeps mentioning the dead people because he wants to catch Sherlock attention. There are people that are possibly die during the dangerous game he plays with Moriarty but Sherlock snaps it by saying “ten a penny” for an archway suicide and completely ignores the rest of the news mentioned. “Ten a penny” is a British idiom which means ‘be plentiful and easily be obtained and consequently a little value’. It is the same situation in the opening of The Great Game when Sherlock says

“open and shut domestic murder. Not worth my time” and John replies it sarcastically

“ah shame!”. Sherlock makes a different priority than the common people, he knows if he is busy trying to save the hostages he loses the chance to solve the case. Yet, if he solves the case, he has the chance to solve the case as well as save the hostages.

The point of view not all the people understand.

In another scene, when Moriarty takes an old blind woman as a hostage, Sherlock solves the case rather quickly but because Moriarty gives him 12 hours, he postpones the announcement of the death cause of the victim to work on other case. John thinks it as immoral since Sherlock seems like he does not care about the old woman at all. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

John’s expression when he realizes Sherlock has solved the case easily but stay quiet (TGG, 00.46.58)

Figure behavior of Martin Freeman as John Watson delivers the expression of disbelief and disapproval because the detective knows who is the culprit long enough but he decides to stay silent to spend precisely 11 hours before saving the old woman.

This delivery helps to understand the mental argument he has within his head seeing

Sherlock and his lack of sympathy. From the expression of John Watson, the audiences are able to sense the emotion he feels within himself when he realizes what

Sherlock has been doing. The expression of disapproval and disbelief support the fact that John as the voice of superego related to morality does not agree with anything

Sherlock has done in relation to the case they are into.

They cross into an argument, John reminds Sherlock about the existence of the old woman and he exasperates because Sherlock has 12 hours to solve the case but waiting until it is 1 hour left to announce it, leaving the old woman there frightened.

John wants Sherlock to save the woman as soong as he knows the answer but PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Sherlock uses the remaining time to solve another case. Unfortunately, when they try to save the old woman, she starts to describe Moriarty to Sherlock and it is the reason later she died. Even though the lady is dead, Sherlock’s point is not the death.

SHERLOCK: Well, obviously I lost that round – although technically I did solve the case. (p. 36)

Because the lady starts describing Moriarty too, the whole floor where she lives exploded and it kills 12 people in total. Yet, the thing that makes Sherlock worries that he may lose the round with Moriarty because the lady is killed. He reminds John that it is the lady who brings herself to death because she describes Moriarty to

Sherlock when he asks only the address where they can save her. John stares at his friend in disbelief but before he manages to utter a word, Sherlock changes the subject. John cannot quite understand how can Sherlock still worries about whether he win the game when there are 12 people died because of the dangerous game he and Moriarty play.

2. Interaction 2: The Reichenbach Fall

In this episode, again Jim Moriarty appears to ask Sherlock to play a game with him. The opening of the episode is Moriarty makes three break-ins to attract

Sherlock’s attention. Moriarty is caught in the act and sentenced to a trial. Sherlock is invited to be a witness in the trial and John is worried because Sherlock has never been in a trial before. John understands that any action that violate the questions from prosecuting barrister will be seen as dishonor to the judge. John also understands that PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

it is impossible for Sherlock to stay quiet and to answer only when he is asked.

Because Sherlock tends to act smart to show off everywhere and every time without even realizing the situation he is in.

JOHN: Remember ... SHERLOCK (instantly): Yes. JOHN (insistently): Remember ... SHERLOCK (even more quickly): Yes. (John looks away in frustration, then goes for broke and speaks quickly.) JOHN: Remember what they told you: don’t try to be clever ... SHERLOCK (talking over him): No. JOHN: ... and please, just keep it simple and brief. SHERLOCK: God forbid the star witness at the trial should come across as intelligent. JOHN: ‘Intelligent,’ fine; let’s give ‘smart-arse’ a wide berth. (There’s a slight pause.) SHERLOCK: I’ll just be myself. JOHN (irritated): Are you listening to me?! (The Reichenbach Fall, 2015, p. 10)

Sherlock refuses to be “simple and brief” in the trial because it is not his typical way in talking. Sherlock, as we know, likes to make something complicated so that he can show off his ability in solving something. A simple and brief case will not be his priority since he addresses it as “ten a penny”. That is why Sherlock likes it very much when Moriarty comes around because the criminal mind gives him a case worth to solve in the eye of the great detective, a case that makes him think. John tries to lead him to follow the rules John understands very well, to avoid the future problems that may be present because of Sherlock’s tendency to be clever.

During the trial, Sherlock keeps on correcting the duty of prosecuting barrister.

He is doing like what he says as “being himself”. It makes the judge feels exasperated since it makes the trial even longer than the usual one. The judge claims “we are good PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

without your help” to Sherlock while he keeps on correcting the question asked to him. Then when the judge says it is up to the jury to decide, Sherlock does not like the idea of having the decision about him on other people’s hands.

JUDGE: Miss Sorrel, are you seriously claiming this man is an expert, after knowing the accused for just five minutes? SHERLOCK: Two minutes would have made me an expert. Five was ample. JUDGE: Mr Holmes, that’s a matter for the jury. SHERLOCK: Oh, really? (His eyes turn towards the jury box. John raises his hand to his head in an all- too-recognisable “oh, shit, NO!” gesture. Sherlock turns the full force of his gaze onto the twelve people sitting in the jury box and has deduced all of them within a couple of seconds.) (p. 13)

John is watching the trial closely and every time Sherlock makes his intelligent movement, John looks frustrated because he knows the more Sherlock acts that way, the bigger his chance to be put in prison for violating the rules. John is trying to save

Sherlock from problem, but the great detective seems to not wanting to be saved.

John’s expression when Sherlock offends the judge (TRF, 00.16.55) PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Martin Freeman’s expression when John knows exactly Sherlock has brought himself into a trouble. This expression is the one being transcribed as “oh, shit, NO!” gesture by Sullivan. When eventually Sherlock is imprisoned because he violates the trial, John says to him: “What did I say? I said, ‘Don’t get clever.’” And Sherlock replies by “I can’t just turn it on and off like a tap.”. Here, Sherlock refuses to do as

John asks because it does not match his desire. He uses to confront John back whenever the doctor says something to be obeyed. Sherlock then changes the subject while they walk back to their flat and in their flat and he finally understands why

Moriarty commits the crimes.

(He stops and turns to John. John takes a breath.) JOHN: Don’t do that. SHERLOCK: Do what? JOHN: The look. SHERLOCK: Look? JOHN: You’re doing the look again. SHERLOCK: Well, I can’t see it, can I? (John points to the mirror above the fireplace as if Sherlock’s an idiot for not realising it’s there. Sherlock turns his head and looks at his reflection.) SHERLOCK: It’s my face. JOHN: Yes, and it’s doing a thing. You’re doing a “we both know what’s really going on here” face. SHERLOCK: Well, we do. JOHN: No. I don’t, which is why I find The Face so annoying. (p. 14-15)

John leads Sherlock to understand that John does not know a thing and Sherlock has to remember that common people cannot think that fast and that complicated.

When Sherlock claims “we do” with an absolute tone, John snaps back that he does not and Sherlock has to explain to him. It is typical for Sherlock in solving a crime that he needs to be asked to explain the stuff, to bring the people around him through PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

his fast-moving mind. Sometime he does it to fish admiration and to have the chance to show off.

After that, Moriarty sends him a game again by kidnapping the children of the

Ambassador for USA. The ambassador himself asks Sherlock to find his children and in doing the investigation, Sherlock always does it his way. Lestrade has already told him to be gentle to the house mistress since she is in the shock. Yet, Sherlock snaps the blanket wrapped around the poor lady and shouts at her to speak quickly. After the lady speaks all she knows, Sherlock’s manner changes totally. He even calls for paramedic that the mistress needs to breathe into a bag. Yet, the point in this scene besides Sherlock’s rude treatment the shock mistress is John’s expression when he sees Sherlock does that. It is immoral to force someone who is in shock to talk in that manner while common people usually talk softly and not demand for an instant answer like Sherlock. John’s face is full of disapproval towards Sherlock’s action.

John’s expression when Sherlock forces the shock mistress to talk (TRF, 00.32.40) PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

In this delivery of the figure behavior, the camera stays steady for several seconds with the background sound of the mistress’ cry. Martin Freeman’s face frowns slowly as he realize what Sherlock has done to get the information. It seems like John Watson is trying to understand the motive behind Sherlock’s action to the shocked lady but he fails to find a reasonable motive because the act is seen as immoral.

When Sherlock finally enters the crime scene and finds a lot to discover, he begins to enjoy himself. The time he enters the room of the ambassador’s son, he finds out that the kid reads a lot of spy stories and manages to leave clues for

Sherlock to begin the investigation. The kid writes a message on the wall with linseed oil and Anderson helps Sherlock to read it and tracks the footsteps of the kidnapper.

The foot prints are sticky with linseed oil so Sherlock manages to have a really great clue to find the missing kids.

(Putting the light onto the window sill, he kneels down and takes his wallet of tools and a small lidded plastic Petri dish from his inside pocket. While the police go back towards the bedroom, he puts the dish on the floor, opens the wallet and chuckles contentedly. John squats down beside him.) JOHN: Having fun? SHERLOCK: Starting to. JOHN: Maybe don’t do the smiling. (Sherlock lifts his head.) JOHN: Kidnapped children? (p. 26)

John understands that Sherlock loves that kind of case that makes him think a lot, requires a lot of effort and gives him riddles. Yet, he is also there to remind Sherlock that despite of how fun it is for Sherlock, he has to manage his emotion. John asks the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

“kidnapped children?” in a “really?” tone but Sherlock seems to not sense the urge

John is trying to tell him because he continues to focus on his work. John also awares that Sherlock does not aware about the victims. What John is trying to do is to minimize the chance of misunderstanding between the people to Sherlock. Sherlock is chuckling because he enjoys the case, but people may see it as Sherlock is being happy on the expense of the victims that it makes Sherlock is suspicious.

Through the mentioned interactions above, we can study that the tendency of

Sherlock being a pleasure-seeker person, in which his pleasure here is a complicated case. He does not really care about the number of victims that may occur when he plays the dangerous game with Moriarty while John does care very much about the victims. John even feels rather guilty after seeing the old woman in The Great Game along with other 11 victims died because of Sherlock and Moriarty. Whereas the detective thinks it is the fault of the old lady because she starts describing the phoner,

Moriarty, instead of telling them where to save her even when Sherlock already tells her to stop. It is something that John thinks as an irrelevant reason to kill someone and gets 11 others along with her. John is a guilt-ridden person, he easily feels guilty about someone’s misfortune further it is caused by Sherlock. In The Reichenbach

Fall when Sherlock is being a suspect for the kidnapping of the ambassador’s children because he can find the kids easily only by a footprint, Sherlock says he does not care about what people think. John snaps angrily that “you’d care if they thought you were stupid, or wrong.” because that is all Sherlock is care about. Yet the detective replies that if people believe he is wrong and stupid, it is just to make them PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

wrong and stupid for not believing Sherlock. Feist stated that “guilt is the result when the ego acts—or even intends to act—contrary to the moral standard of superego”

(2008, p. 30). John’s guilty raises because he sees Sherlock does something in contrary to the moral standard in the society.

Sherlock seeks for pleasure, his id demands for immediate satisfaction so that the ego has to work hard to fulfill it. As it is stated by Freud as cited in Feist, “all of id’s energy is spent for one purpose—to seek pleasure without regard for what is proper”

(2008, p. 28). Sometimes too, his ego does not manage to cope with the demand from id as we see in the opening of The Great Game when Sherlock shoots the wall because he is bored and there are no cases to solve so someone has to take it, the wall is chosen. While John is there trying to bring Sherlock back to the right track, he reminds Sherlock about people that may die during the games and Sherlock has to think about them too instead of being so selfish in fulfilling his desires.

Their interactions in which John tries to remind Sherlock about human during his high stage solving the crimes show the domination of id in Sherlock and superego in

John. He tries to help Sherlock who claims himself to divorce from feelings (The

Hound of Baskerville) to sense human’s emotion in a level that is acceptable, to help

Sherlock to be a better man from a cold, distant person. John’s constant disapproval to Sherlock’s act in which he seems to ignore the existence of the victims is also seen as a contributions to the development of his superego development. Sherlock, as it is stated in the previous discussion, is living isolately from outside world, he convinces himself that the rules does not apply to him (The Hound of Baskerville). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Sherlock’s constant claim as ‘a high functioning sociopath’ and the fact that he isolates himself from the outside world make him difficult to form a friendship and also to develop the collective conscience as superego. “Although there is the lack of empathy and the inability to form a meaningful relationships, the sociopath is not currently seen as morally insane as much as developmentally damaged by an early inability to form relationships that could reach empathy” (Toadvine, 2012, p. 51).

Thus, John as the moral compass in 221B Baker Street is constantly trying to

“civilizing the sociopath” (Toadvine, 2012, p. 48). John’s well-developed superego plays an important role in trying to civilizing the sociopath who does not understand any manner. John’s acts in reminding the detective to thank people who help him and to apologize to people who he hurts are the contributions to the development of

Sherlock’s superego. By telling the detective these things, John has been actively giving the information for Sherlock to develop his superego throughout his life so that he can sense human’s emotions.

Sherlock’s lack of sympathy towards the victims of the cases are related to the internal attribution of his behavior. It is the impact of the events occured in his childhood and also the cause of his antisocial personality disorder. There is time when he was so emotional that it destroys his effort in saving someone’s life. Thus, he decides to divorce himself from emotion so that he can solve the case and also save the lives threaten in the case. He believes that emotional flood in solving crimes will result nothing but a mess so he is trying hard so that he manages to control the emotion in this case his sympathy towards the victims. This is different with the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

repression done by John Watson because in several scenes, Sherlock performs emotional actions to express himself. Even his landlady, Mrs Hudson claims in

Season 4, Episode 2: “He’s not about thinking. Not Sherlock. He’s more emotional, isn’t he? Unsolved case, shot the wall! Boom, boom! Unmade breakfast, karate the fridge. Unanswered question, stabs it!” This scene shows how much Sherlock likes to express himself emotionally which is differently with John whose emotion is repressed carefully. Sherlock does not mind to express his emotion freely regardless of the response from other people. His lack of sympathy is seen by outsiders as his ignorant personality when it is deep down is something more advance. His ignorant behavior is a result of the past event between Sherlock and his sister Eurus Holmes revealed in Season 4 Episode 3, The Final Problem. Eurus killed his best friend because of jealousy that Sherlock did not want to play with her. Thus, it makes

Sherlock hard to build relationship with others for he is scared that his best friend may leave him again.

The doctor as the voice of superego understands that Sherlock is not like what other people see him as. The doctor sees the potential and sees the detective as an ordinary human who is different only because he has a limited access to relationship and clueless about life. John’s contributions by helping Sherlock to notice the situations and the timings to show his excitement for the case is seen as the external attribution to Sherlock’s behavior. In the case of kidnapped children, Sherlock fails to notice even though he is very excited about the case that there are two scared children PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

being locked somewhere and it is Sherlock’s job to find them. John tries to remember him that even though he is happy about the case, people may see it differently and

Sherlock has to control his emotion about the case. The doctor is helping Sherlock to sense the proper situation to express the proper emotions too. In this case, since superego is the part of personality which is dealing with moral and ability to sense situation, John is helping Sherlock to develop the superego which previously fails to work because of Sherlock’s antisocial personality disorder destroys his chance to have social relationships.

His changed behavior as the impact of John’s helps is more visible in the later episode in the series. Especially in John’s wedding episode, The Sign of Three

(season 3, episode 2), he shows a lot of fondness towards John and Mary and is even willing to make a vow to protect them both. In their wedding, Sherlock is even able to appreciate John’s helps in his behavior. In his best man’s speech, he claims himself as a man John has saved:

SHERLOCK: ... so know this: today you sit between the woman you have made your wife and the man you have saved – in short, the two people who love you most in all this world. And I know I speak for Mary as well when I say we will never let you down, and we have a lifetime ahead to prove that. (The Sign of Three, 2015, p. 21)

Then, when people are crying because they are touched by his speech he seems clueless and immediately runs to John asking for explanation as if he is afraid that he makes a mistake: “What’s wrong? What happened? Why are you all doing that? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

John?” and then asked “Did I do it wrong?” (p. 21) in an urgent, raised voice as if he is in panic. This scene shows how much John has contributed to Sherlock in helping him to know what is proper and what is not. The fact that when he is asking John when he is confused suggests an idea that John has continually reminding and telling

Sherlock when he is doing it wrong that it becomes the detective’s nature to ask for explanation every time he feels he has made a mistake.

In this episode of John’s wedding also there is scene before the wedding when they go out to solve a case to get out from wedding’s stuffs Sherlock asks John about his previous commander, Major Sholto and when John asks Sherlock why suddenly he is interested in another human being when usually he does not put any interest in human in general, he says he tries to do chatting. The idea of Sherlock tries to do a small talk makes John confused. This is also a sign that Sherlock is slowly changed from a distant, cold-hearted man into someone who is warmer than before because he cares about John. Thus, the developing superego can be seen in the ability of

Sherlock Holmes to sense the situation and to express his emotion regarding cases in appropriate manner, to act in more human way. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

Through the analysis conducted in previous chapter, this thesis draws a conclusion as follows.

Sherlock Holmes is a detective whose characteristics are 1) he does not care about irrelevant things for him, 2) he takes in every detail with his observant eyes and, 3) he likes to fish admiration from people. Sherlock Holmes is great at solving cases because his ability in noticing small details people fail to see and to collect a very broad and rich facts about the case from his mind palace. He sorts his memories and claims to delete the stuffs that are not important from his memory so it will not affect the important stuffs. In doing the analysis of a case, he likes to show off to fish some admiration from other people. He likes to make people notice how smart he is in solving a riddle and how rich his knowledge about the current issue is.

John Watson is a war veteran and also a skill full doctor who is struggling to resettle in his civilian life. His characteristics found through the series are 1) he manages to sense the situation, 2) he shows fondness to other people and, 3) he maintains social relationship. Unlike the detective, John Watson is very fond about other people. He tries to please people and he is a well-mannered person. During a case solving, even though he is not as smart as Sherlock, he has the ability to make the client feels comfortable so that they can talk about their case. Sherlock does not

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

mind about emotion, so he usually snaps to the client to jump into the case. Yet, John is there to listen to every emotional flood the client may utter before coming into the case. John’s characteristics balances Sherlock’s characteristics.

Through their interactions and arguments in the two episodes said, the writer found a lot of interaction between Sherlock as the representation of id and John as the voice of superego. Sherlock with his pleasure-seeking behavior represents id’s demands for immediate satisfaction and ignorance towards rules applied within society. Whereas John with his calm and repressed emotion represents a well- developed superego which works to supervise the decision of ego in satisfying the demands from id. Thus, John is constantly correcting and leading Sherlock’s impulses into the right path perceived in society. His contributions to Sherlock is to civilize the high detective. He keeps the detective on the earth when Sherlock is high for adrenaline he receives from solving the case. Keeping the detective on earth here means the constant reminders about the expense of the victims, the lack of sympathy to other people and the inability of Sherlock Holmes in containing his excitement about solving cases. John Watson’s disapproval is not only seen through the script, but also his silent facial expression through the figure behavior of Martin Freeman everytime Sherlock Holmes does something he sees as immoral.

This analysis is supported by the later episodes in Sherlock TV series which in

Season 3 and 4. In The Sign of Three (Season 3, Episode 2), in John Watson’s wedding, as the best man Sherlock has to make a speech about John and there he

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

states that it takes Sherlock Holmes to solve the case but it requires John Watson to save people’s lives in the case. Thus, they both are the people they need to solve the case without victims. He is also thanking the doctor for saving himself by helping him in sensing the proper situation. Then, in The Final Problem (Season 4, Episode

3), Sherlock’s secret sister, Eurus Holmes makes an appearance and there also a complete explanation about Sherlock’s childhood and the cause of his sociopathy personality which is his great failure in forming a relationship because the death of his closet childhood’s friend. In later episodes, Sherlock slowly is able to sense human’s emotion and slowly learns how to appreciate people’s help to make his life easier by thanking and apologizing.

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