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Plagiat Merupakan Tindakan Tidak Terpuji PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study According to Sigmund Freud, our behavior is constructed by three elements that take their own roles in our mind. They are id, ego, and superego. In their development, it is possible for an individual to have one element more dominant than the rest. Id is the primitive part of human being. It deals with basic necessities, impulses, and reactions. There is no logical thinking involved there. The id part is the first thing developed in human. “Id consists of all inherited (i.e. biological) components of personality present at birth, including sex (life) instinct Eros (which contains the libido), and the aggressive (death) instinct – Thanatos” (McLeod, 2016, para. 4). In later development, ego will appear through the experiences of the individual in their life. In this stage, human encounters with reality, some circumstances in which ego is not able to fulfill id’s demands. “The ego operates according to the reality principles, working out realistic way of satisfying the id’s demands, often compromising or postponing satisfaction to avoid negative consequence of society” (McLeod, 2016, para. 11). Superego is the last to develop in human’s personality. Superego is the thing that helps an individual to understand a certain standard and 1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 2 forbiddances in society. “The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from one’s parents and others” (McLeod, 2016, para. 18). The development of id, ego and superego can be different in each individual. Some may have their ego dominant than id and superego or vice versa. Even though a research about dynamic relationship of id, ego and superego has been conducted, the different result may occur when it comes to different object of study. In relation to this, the writer is interested in conducting a research about dynamic relationship between id, ego and superego in characters in a certain object. The object of this research is Sherlock TV series season 1 episode 3 and season 2 episode 3. Sherlock is a TV series aired by BBC (2010-2017). The series consists of 4 seasons and each season contains three episodes approximately 1 hour long telling about a private detective, Sherlock Holmes which was originally created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and his activities in solving crime cases with his partner, Dr. John Watson. The series became well-known not only because it adopted the famous detective story in English Literature, but also because it has been nominated and won several awards such as BAFTAs as the Best Drama Series in 2011. It received 9.2 out of 10 from IMDB.com. The series has adopted the original stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle entitled Sherlock Holmes. This series brings Sherlock Holmes alive from 19th century into 21th century along with the life’s struggles the detective and the doctor have to face. They present different set and different details of story to the original works. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 3 Even though the series has adapted the stories into a whole new kind of story set in 21th century instead of Victorian era like the original story and slightly different details, they do not lost the touches of the original work of Sherlock Holmes. The series have adopted some original stories into their series such as ‘The Reichenbach Fall’ (Season 2, Episode 3) based on ‘The Reichenbach Fall’ by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1893). The details of the original works by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle are adopted and modified into a new story but still recognizable for the fans of original Sherlock Holmes. For example, instead of falling from a waterfall, Sherlock and Moriarty fall from the rooftop of St. Bartholomew Hospital. Yet, the important detail such as the death of James Moriarty is not omitted, instead it is modified to fit the set in 21th century. Sherlock TV series in this study is seen to be the most fruitful object to study since in TV series, besides studying the script, it is also possible to analyze the facial expression of the characters when they say and/or do something. In literary works, the research is limited to the written text only so the interpretation is limited to the explanation given by the author as the narrator or observer. In TV series, since it has actors to play the roles, it adds more interesting facts to be observe such as facial expression, intonation and also body language. Between the two major characters of Sherlock TV Series, there is a very dynamic relationship. There are several interactions between Sherlock and John in their close friendship as a separated individual, seem to represent the dominant elements of human personality (id, ego and superego). Thus it likely that they are completing each other. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 4 B. Problem Formulation Based on the explanation above, the research problems of this study are formulated as follows. 1. How do Sherlock Holmes’ and John Watson’s characteristics reveal about their id and superego? 2. How does John Watson contribute to Sherlock Holmes’ superego development seen through their interaction? C. Objectives of the Study In accordance with the above research problems, this study is aimed at these research objectives. The first objective is to find the three-part personality, especially id and superego out from the characteristics of Sherlock Holmes and John Watson using the theory of characterization and theory of three-part model of personality from Sigmund Freud. The second objective is to explain the contributions from John Watson to Sherlock Holmes’ superego development through their interactions using theory of three-part model of personality from Sigmund Freud and attribution theory from Fritz Heider. D. Definition of Terms To avoid misunderstanding, the writer provides some definition of terms that often appear in the study as follows. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 5 Based on the definition provided by APA (American Psychiatrist Association) Dictionary of Psychology, id is “the component of the personality that contains the instinctual, biological drives that supply the psyche with its basic energy of libido” (2015, p. 535). Ego is “the component of the personality that deals with the external world and its practical demands. More specifically the ego enables the individual to perceive, reason, solve problems, test reality and adjust the instinctual impulses of the id and the demands of superego” (2015, p. 370). The last, superego is “the moral component of the personality that represents parental and societal standards and determines personal standards of right and wrong, or conscience, as well as aims and aspirations” (2015, p. 1067). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW This chapter presents reviews of related studies on similar topics of psychoanalysis done by other researchers, review of some related theories on characterization, film analysis and three-part model of personality that are applied in this thesis, then elaborate theoretical framework of the present thesis. A. Review of Related Studies There are four related studies to be reviewed in this research. First is a research conducted by Danisworo (2014) entitled “The Dynamic of Id, Ego and Superego of Victor Frankenstein in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein”. The aim was to find out the characteristics of Victor Frankenstein and to analyze the dynamic of id, ego and superego within his characteristics, way of thinking and decision making. The data for this research was obtained from the novel by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein. The righteous division of mind is when ego covers the demand offered by both id and superego. When id dominates the mind, our mind turns to unconscious and only want to do something that is related to pleasure and will not stop until that demands is accomplished (Danisworo, 2014, p. 51). The research stated that the imbalance of id, ego and superego in Victor Frankenstein was the cause of the destruction of his family because of his own ambition. Through this research too, the writer quoted the three different conditions of human’s mind from Jess Feist and Gregory Feist in their book Theories of Personality (2009). The first one is id dominant which is relevant to Frankenstein’s 6 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 7 condition. The second is superego dominant in which the individual tends to be guilt- ridden and inferior-feeling person. The last is the psychologically healthy person which is ego dominant. The second is the research by Oktiani (2012) entitled “The Domination of Id as the Result of Aileen Wuornos’ Ego and Superego Malfunction seen in Patty Jenkin’s Monster Script”. This research is about the dominance of id as the ego and superego’s malfunction in Aileen Wuornos. From the data obtained from the movie script, the author analyzed the characteristics of Aileen Wuornos. It was concluded that the domination of id within Aileen was the major cause of the malfunction of the ego and superego. Thus, Aileen tend to act in order to please id’s demands without considerations. The writer wrote the discussion under the malfunction of Aileen’s superego. It is because she has no proper education so that she does not understand the moral perceived in society. She has not any knowledge about social standard in the society where she belongs.
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