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South Australian Counties Atlas 1876 Ref. AU5054 ISBN: 978 1 921315 07 7

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a

•. pPANCE,AUSTRALIA THE NEW COUNTIES,HUNDREDS, & DISTRICT

OF

AND NORTHERN TERRITORY , 18'76.

TOGETHER WITH ap of autk azia, inJixati1t 3 o , !:taiut, rt1a:ti&t pa ithnt of isuit i , C+, x+

SHowING-- All Boroughs, Post Towns, Villages, Hamlets, Road Boards, Roads, Railways, Rivers, Lakes, Creeks, Mountains, Stations, the Area of County and Station, (the Names, Occupiers, Grazing capabilities and Area of each), the Population of each Town in the Colony, Height of Mountains, Length, Rise, and Fall of Rivers, the quantity of Cereals and Green Crops, Hay, Wine, &c., produced in the different localities, and all the Geographical, Geological, and Physiological matter, obtained from the most authentic sources.

hmjtiJrl6 q . L hrn:riT+

THE MAPS ARE COMPILEDFROM THE VERY LATEST PLANS IN THE LANDS DEPARTMENT, BY THE KIND PERMISSIONOF G, W. GOYDER,ESQ., SURYEYORGENERAL, THE STATISTICALMATTER IS FURNISHEDBY THE GOVERNMENT STATIST, J. BOOTHBY,ESQ,

This Atlas is the first of the kind ever produced in the Colony,and will be thoroughly authentic to date of' publication; it will be found eminently useful to the Merchant and Squatter as a Work of Reference, and with the schoolmaster and Man of family as the best means extant of furnishing the rising generation of the Colony with a thorough geographical knowledgeo f and the Northern Territory.

i:i :IR :LflThwrzr tnftrinz +t1+L Governor and Commander-in-Chie f of the Province of South Australia, [(I< p [I I, Wlt1 Ii$ J xcellercy'$ peffiu1$$ior, PJ d 1 <1JT4

BY His EXCELLENCY'SMOST OBEDIENT SERVANTS, THE PROPRIETORS,

K E. HISCOCKS & Co.,

ADELAIDE PUBLISHED BY E. S. WIGG & SON. 1876. INDEX .

ADELAIDE ADVERTISEMENTS. PA'E. INTRODUCTION ......

LIST OF PASTORAL LEASES .., ...... 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

LIST OF COUNTIES AND HUNDREDS ...... 8.

ABSTRACT SHEWING EXTENT OF LAND UNDER CULTIVATION

REPORT OF WORKINGS OF LAND ACTS , 1869 -1876 ...... 9, 10. RETURN OF REPUTED MINES UP TO CLOSE OF 1875 ...

EPITOME OF THE ......

GAWLER & LIGHT ......

EYRE, DALY, & STANLEY ......

IIINDMARSH & STURT ......

RUSSELL, CARDWELL, BUCKINGHAM, MACDONNELL, & ROBE

GREY, VICTORIA, FROME, & DALHOUSIE...... BURRA, KIMBERLEY, YOUNG, HAMLEY, ALBERT, ALFRED, CARNARVON, & YORKE'S PENINSULA 19.

FLINDERS , FLINDERS DISTRIC T ...... 20. NORTH-EASTERN PASTORAL DISTRICT, NORTIIERN PASTORAL DISTRICT ... 21.

REPORT OF RAILWAY COMMISSION. LAKE EYRE DISTRICT...... 22.

CENTRAL SOUTH AUSTRALIA, BY A. J. GILES ...... , 23,

NORTHERN TERRITORY ... 24.

CITY OF ADELAIDE ...... 1. YOUNG, HAMLEY, ALBERT, & ALFRED YORKE'S PENINSULA ...... ADELAIDE COUNTY ...... 2.

GAWLER ...... 3. CARNARVON ( KANGAROO ISLAND) ...... ,,, 15.

LIGHT & EYRE ...... 4. FLINDERS & NORTH FLINDERS ...... 16. FLINDERS DISTRICT , WEST ...... 17. DALY & STANLEY ...... 5.

HINDMARSH ...... 6. NORTH ...... 18. NORTH-EASTERN PASTORAL DISTRICT ... STURT & RUSSELL ...... 7. ... 19. NORTHERN PASTORAL DISTRICT ...... 20. CARDWELL , BUCKINGHAM , & MACDONNELL 8. LAKE BYRE ...... ROBE & GREY ...... 9. NORTHERN TERRITORY, No. l ... VICTORIA ...... 10. No. 2 ... FROME & DALHOUSIE ...... 11. ,, ,, No. 3 ... BURRA & KIMBERLEY ...... 12. PORT DARWIN ADVERTISEMENTS.

ERRA TA. on Page 3, (Pastoral Leases ,) Outalpa Station , Lease No. 1540 , for Duffield , Harrold, & Hurd as Lessees, read William Hurd & Henry Foote, proprietors , area 1096 square miles, at present carrying 30,364 sheep. THE NEW COUNTIES,HUNDREDS, AND DISTRICTATLAS

OF

SOUTH USTRI3,LIA AND TOISTHERN TE1FITORY. l / J / 18"76.

TO THE PUBLIC OSOUTH AUSTRALIA.

IN submitting this work the compiler has availed himself of every description of data that would be esteemed useful, and from the courteous manner in which the heads of Departments cheerfully accorded all the information in their power, this ATLAS may be said to be the most perfect work of the kind ever published. The area and population of each county, and the mineral localities of the entire colony to date, will be found thoroughly authentic. The areas and the newly explored country rouna Lake Eyre will be found also accurate; while the Northern Territory divisions completes the whole colony, from the Gulf of St. Vincent to Port Darwin. F. S. CARROLL. March, 1876.

The total area devoted to the cultivation of wheat was, up to the middle of 1875, 839,638 acres, while the increase upon the opening of the Northern agricultural areas has reached the number of 1,264,397 acres, being an increase of 424,759 acres-the whole yielding upwards of 15,000,000 bushels of wheat. The land under cultivation, as taken from the returns furnished in the middle of 1875, was upwards of 1,330,020 acres, the increase since that period being upwards of 630,000 acres- thus giving the total land under cultivation to date, 1,960,320 acres, the average yield per acre for South Australia was, in 1875, over 12.12 bushels, giving for the colony, 10,126,542 bushels. I'he MAPS showing the Northern Territory and the Overland Telegraph route were kindly furnished by CHARLES TODD, C.M.G., Postmaster-General, and Super- intendent of Telegraphs, and will be found perfectly authentic to date. In the far North large blocks have been taken up both sides of the line of telegraph, but, as they have not been surveyed, it was desirable that the approximate position should not even be shown. The MAPS being sufficiently large, the Subscribers can plot out any blocks selected from time to time, thus enhancing the value of the ATLAS as a work of reference. The number of acres alienated, for cash, to 31st December, 1876, 4,965,000 acres. Number of acres that remain unalienated estimated to be about 240,160,299, exclusive of the Northern Territory. From 1871 to 1875 the total amount of land selected in the agricultural areas was 676,737 acres. The POPULATION of the Colony of South Australia, estimated up to the 31st December, 1875, was as follows.-Males, 109,470; females, 104,313; the population in 1838 was 6,000 souls ; in 1848, 38,000; in 1858, 118,000; and in 1868, 176,298. The total population up to the 31st December, 1875, 213,783. The amount expended for Education in the Colony of South Australia from 1865 to 31st December, 1875, was upwards of £274,755,

LIST OF PASTORALLEASES

IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA,

Corrected uj5 to 7anuary , 1876, under the direction of G. W. Goyder.E sq., SurveyorGeneral

FIRST SCHEDULE to Act 17 of 1869-70, commencing 1st July, 1870.

Area o No. of No.ofl Name. in 8 Name of Run. Situation. Lease. Name. Name of Run. Situation Lease. Miles m H

16 Thompspn, M. A. ... 12 10 Cygnet River Kangaroo Island 160 Jones, H. and D. 0. 10 10 Conkar West of Binnum S.E.Dt. 21 161 Jones, H. and D. 0. 10 10 Cadnite North of Biunnm S.E.Dt. } All resumed 34 162 All resumed 37 Reid and Reid ...... 38 10 Beetaloo Crystal Brook 164 Davidson, Alexander 6 10 Messemurray Ditto 38 168 Robertson, William... 15 10 Moy Hall Ditto All resumed 10 48 I 171 Seymour, Eliza ...... 30 Killanoola Ditto 49 Tinline andMurray... 35 10 Wirrabarra West S.E. of Mount Remarkable 174 McArthur, Donald ... 17 10 McArthur's ScrubR. West of Hundrelvf Kil- 58 All resumed lanoola,.S.E. District 60 Dodd, T. and J, ...... 4 10 Dodd's Run Coorong 175 McArthur, Donald ... 4 10 Ditto Ditto 61 All resumed 183 Lindsay, S. J...... 23 10 Mount McIntyre West of Hundred of 63 Rogers ...... 33 10 Corney Point and Ditto 194 Grey, S.E District White Hut 195 All resumed 64 196 All resumed Ormerod, Mary, & 65 197 J l 19 10 Woolmit South-Eastern District 67 Callnan, Michael...... 6 10 Kangaroo Island l Stockdale. Robt. 71 All resumed 198 All resumed 107 All resumed 199 Brown, James ...... 50 10 Tilley's Swamp Ditto 108 Bowman, Messrs...... 126 10 Crystal Brook Ditto 200 Brown , James ...... 83 10 Avenue Range Ditto 115 201 McPherson, William 36 10 Callendale Ditto All resumed 129 I 202 Patterson , Hugh ...... 23 10 Mount Scott to 148 Riddoch, George...... 7 10 Wirrega Tatiara, South-Eastrn. District 203 Hensley, John ...... 80 10 Cairnbank tt9 149 Gordon, James...... 23 10 Cannawigara West Ditto 211 MacInnes , John ...... 61 10 Mount Muirhead Ditto 150 Gordon, James...... 1 10 Cannawigara East Ditto 212 Cameron , Ann ...... 25 10 Wattle Range vita 151, Riddoch, George ...... 21 10 Nalang West Ditto 213 Jeffrey, Stephen...... 292 10 Sheoak Range Ditto 152 Riddoch, George ...... 47 10 Nalang Fast Ditto 213A McPherson, Wm. ... 12 10 Ditto Ditto 153 Kelly, Patrick ...... 23 10 Swede's Flat South-Eastern District 214 All resumed 156 Lawson, Robert ...... 24 10 Padthaway North Ditto 215 G. Glenn & J. Todd 13 10 Lake Hawden Ditto 157 Lawson, Robert ...... 13 10 Padthaway South Ditto 215A Magarey, Thomas ... 37 10 - Ditto Dltlo 216 Crowe, Edmund ...... 39 10 Reedy Creek Ditto All resumed 159 { 217 Maccines, ti'. & M.... 88 10 Crower Di`ti o 159A Davidson, Alexr...... 14 10 Messemurray Ditto 218 Dunn, A ...... I 46 10 Avenue Flat Ditto

U (8•) SOUTH AUSTRALIAN OOUNTIES ATLAS, 1876. SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

LIST of COUNTIES and HUNDREDS, March, 1876, showing Areas in Square Miles.

Area Area Area of Name of Hundred. Name of County. Name of County. of County. of County. Name of Hundred. Hundred.

sq. miles. sq. miles. sq. miles. sq miles.

Adelaide 108 C Kongorong 95 Barossa 104 Lake George 102 Kuitpo 122 MacDonnell 105 Munno Para 110 Mayurra 93 Noarluuga 120 Mingbool 98 Adelaide ...... 1,161 Onkaparinga 109 2,061 Monbulla 98 Parra Wirra 96 Mount Muirhead 100 86 Nangwarry 100 Talunga 95 I Penola 98 Willunga 98 Rivoli Bay 61 Yatala 113 l Young 100

Cadell No Hundreds yet pro- Albert ...... 2,144 I Paisley 2,194 claimed J No Hundreds yet pro- Alexandrina 89 Alfred ...... 1,492 f claimed Bremer 89 Encounter Bay 96 Tatiara 103 Goolwa 98 Buckingham ...... 1,711 Wirrega 101 Kondoparinga 79 1,034 { Macclesfield 72 Apoinga 91 Myponga 104 Bright 90 J Nangkita 100 83 Burra ...... 2,221 Hallet 100 Strathalbyn Kingston 88 Waitpinga 102 Kooringa 100 l Yankalilla 122

Glyde 108 Kimberley ...... 1,395 Terowie 120 Neville 33 Cardwell ...... 1,808 Santo 64 Belvidere 83 Gilbert 103 89 1,680 Dudley 144 Julia Creek Carnarvon ...... Kapunda 87 Light...... Black Rock Plain 96 839 Light 84 Coomooroo 105 Moorooroo 119 Mannanarie 92 Nuriootpa 103 Saddleworth 77 Dalhousie ...... 1,236 Pekina 101 Tarcowie 88 Waterloo 94 Walloway 107 Yongala 109 Binnum 152 Duffield 66 Barunga. 130 Glen Roy 106 Cameron 115 MacDonnell...... 1,887 Hynam 100 Clinton 138 Lacepede 98 100 Kadina 128 Lochabar Kulpara 109 Murrabinna 69 Mundoora 94 Ninnes 04 Bowaka 87 Daly ...... 1.673 96 Redhill 105 Comaum 93 Tickera 147 Jessie 98 Tiparra 269 Joanna 100 Wallaroo 127 Robe...... 1,962 Killanoola 94 Wiltnmga 113 Mount Benson 96 Wokurna 104 Naracoorte Robertson 86 156 Anna 108 Waterhouse Begot 100 Baker 132 Dutton 77 Eba 114 Bonney 160 Burdett 120 English 112 Eyre ...... 1,356 Fisher 89 Russell ...... 1,171 { Coolinong 96 Hay 125 Malcolm 162 Ne Jes 97 Seymour 166 Younghusband 109 North Rhine 125 Skurray 110 Andrews 102 Ayers 126 Cunningham 134 111 Blyth 108 Curramulka Boucaut 107 Dalrymple 97 Kilkerran 125 Clare 111 Everard 83 Koolywurtie 83 Goyder 100 Maitland 133 Hall 117 Fergusson ...... Melville 112 1.574 1,840 Hanson 122 Minlacowie 108 Hart 93 Moorowie 101 Koolunga 83 Muloowurtie 102 126 Milne 80 Para Wurlie Stanley 97 Ramsey 98 Stow 56 Wauraltee 111 Upper Wakefield 99 Yackamoorundie 90 Hutchison 110 Koppio 110 Angas 133 Lake Wangery 148 100 Brinkley 158 Lincoln Finniss 126 Louth 100 Flinders ...... Freeling 102 1,787 80 Sieaford Kanmantoo 94 128 1,218 Uley Mobilong 117 Wanilla 135 Monarto 106 Warrow 106 Ridley 163 110 Yaranyacka South Rhine 103 Tungkillo 1.16 Apilla 143 108 Booleroo Anne 19 Davenport 94 Belalie 16 Gregory 67 Booyoolie 57 1,513 68 Frome ...... Terowie Bundaleer 102 158 Wilochra Caltowie 89 115 Willowie Crystal Brook 103 Wongyarra 96 1,442 Napperby 133 Woolundunga 158 Narridy 70 Pixie 176 136 Alma Reynolds 103 Balakiava 110 Wandearah 107 108 Dalkey Whyte 150 117 Dublin Yangya 87 Gawler ...... 912 Grace 123 Stuart 102 Inkerman 87 Young ...... 2,076 Mudla Wirra 98 Port Gawler 133 Twenty-six Counties ; total area, 41,387 square miles. One hundred and Benara 112 Blanche 100 ninty-five Hundreds; total area, 20,827 square miles. Caro line 103 2,061 grey ...... Gambier 100 Grey 100 Hindmarsh 100 SOUTI AUSTRALIAN COUNTIES ATLAS, 1876. 11

COUNTYOF ADELAIDE. Epitome of the County of .Adelaide, describing all Boroughs , (Post Towns, .Mountains , (Ravers, Creeks, Hundreds, (Population , cc., &c. Taken from Official (Records.

The County of Adelaide is the metropolitan county of Smithfield 18* N.E. Munno Para being by railway and the Port road, the latter very much the colony, and lies on the E. shore of the Gulf of St. Sturt Sub. 8 „ S. Noarlunga out of repair. Alberton has a post- office and two hotels, Vincent, being bounded on the N. by the Counties Gawler Thebarton 141 „ W. Adelaide the British Standard and the Shipwrights' Arms. The and Light, from which it is separated by the Rivers Crawler hilly Sub. 2 „ Adelaide surrounding country is flat and swampy, with clay and and South Para respectively; on the S. by the County Underdale 21 „ W. Adelaide sandy drift; much of the available ground being taken up. 18 „ N. Port Adelaide Hindmarsh; on the E. by the County Sturt, from which it Virginia Aldgate is a small agricultural. settlement , and the name Walkerville 21 N.E. Yatala is separated by the main range; and on the W. by the of a wayside hotel on the main road from Adelaide to Mount Williamstown 38 „ N. Barossa waters of the gulf before mentioned. It is divided into the Barker, and near the township of Crafers. following Hundreds , viz.: N. Hundreds, Port Adelaide, Willunga 30 „ S, Willunga Munno Pam, and Para Wirra; central Hundreds, Yatala, Woodside 231 „ E. Onkaparinga Aldinga is a postal township in the electoral district of Talunga, Adelaide, Onkaparinga, and Noarlunga ; and S. Woodville 21 „ W. Yatala Noarlunga,Hundredof Willunga,and under the control of the Hundreds, Willunga and Kuitpo. The County of Adelaide Aldinga District Council-A. Hack (chairman), T. Pengilly, has an area of 1161 square miles or 743,040 acres, 165,350 Adelaide, 340 57' S. lat., 138° 20 E. long ., is a large sen., J. Valentine, K. McRae, W. Pengilly, jun.; clerk, A.W. of which are under cultivation: wheat, 82,008 acres; barley, and wealthy city, situate on the , 6 miles E. Parker. It lies on the Aldinga Creek, on the main S. 1716 acres; oats , 816 acres ; peas , 1965 acres ; hay, 44,661 from the E. shore of the Gulf of St. Vincent, and 7 miles road from Adelaide to Yankalilla, and is an agricultural acres; the balance being grain crops, fruit, &c. This from the port of landing, and is the metropolis of the wheat growing district. The ne crest places are SW. and country consists for the most part of a fertile plain, lying colony, and the seat of government . Its site was fixed S.E. Wellington, and Port Willunga, 11 miles W. The back from the shores of the gulf to the W. foot of the main upon by Colonel William Light, the Surveyor-General, and communication with Willunga, as with Adelaid3, is by Hill range , from which spurs run out into the plain in an E. commander of the "Rapid," a ship chartered by the S.A. and Co.'s daily coach. commissioners. Colonel Light, who arrived at Kangaroo direction, having fine valleys between them, many of which Aldinga Big Lagoon is a swampy lagoon lying in the are highly cultivated, and have hanging gardens and exten- Island, in August, 1836, proceeded to lay out the city after satisfying himself that it was the best site, and called it Aldinga Plains , at a distance of 11 miles N.W. by W. of sive vineyards on their slopes. From the summits of these Sellick's Hill. spurs, particularly from Mount Lofty, the highest point of Adelaide, in honor of Adelaide, the queen of William IV. the range, are magnificent views of the plain below, and of The stream being called Torrens River, after Col. Torrens, Anderson's Creek is a small creek flowing through the the rolling , and numerous small tribu- the chairman of the eorhmissioners for South Australia. township of Morphett Vale, and so called from its running tary creeks . The N. part of the W. or coast side of the The city is delightfully situated on a large plain hemmed through the grounds of a gentleman named Anderson. The county consists of a tract of swampy flat, overgrown' with in on the E. by the Flinders Range, which appears to almost soil on the banks is of excellent quality, and several fine reeds , but affording capital fattening food for cattle, and in overhang the town, and whose beauty and magnificence gardens and vineyards (the latter producing good wine) are its more elevated parts producing good crops of hay. A fine must be seen to be appreciated; they fie at a distance of in cultivation on both sides of it. Limestone and sandstone. nearly 5 miles from the city, and are of every description, view from the hills which bound it, as well as the waters of Anstey Creek is a small tributary of the Torrens River. the gulf beyond, is to be obtained, and tourists in search of consisting of beautiful bald hills, of rugged and precipitaous the picturesque would do well to visit them. The greater ranges covered with the sombre Eucalyptus, of gentle slopes , 34° 57' S. tat., 138° 55' E. long., is a postal part of the county is purchased land, and a very large where the purple grapes ripen under the summer sun, and town in the electoral district and , portion of this is under cultivation, and supports a body of of deep and fearful gorges, down which thunder the fierce and under the control of the District Council of Onkaparinga, industrious farmers, gardeners, and vignerons. The city of mountain torrents in winter. Adelaide presents a beautiful on the River Onkaparinga. The Balhannah Creek running Adelaide, the capital of the colony of South Australia, lies view, from the fact of its streets being laid out at right from E. to N., and falling into the river on the N.W. side. in the centre of the plain, on the S. bank of the Torrens angles, and the city being almost environed with large The district is an agricultural one, principally wheat growing. River, a stream which, rising in the hills to the N.E., reserves, 500 yards in depth, called the Park lands, which The nearest places are Oakband Village, 1 mile N.E. ; meanders over the flat land, emptying itself into a reedy doubtless accounts for its perfect salubrity. There is no Little Hampton Village, 5 miles E.; and Grunthal Village, flat about 7 miles distant from the city. The chief towns city in the Australian Colonies with such advantages. 21 miles S.W. The main line of road runs between of the county beside Adelaide are Port Adelaide, the ship- Adelaide is divided into two electoral districts, E. and W.; Oakband, Balhannah, and Grunthal, and there is a direct ping port of the metropolis; , a residential the former contains 1647 acres, the latter 1962 acres, each road from Balhannah to Little Hampton; the communication sa}burb; Salisbury, on the N. line of railway; Gumeracha, district sending two members to the Assembly. The public being along the main road by Hill and Co.'s coaches, and Blumberg, Hahndorf, Balhannah, Woodside, Noarlunga, buildings will bear a favorable comparison with any city in with Adelaide, 181 miles W., by those coaches along the Glenelg, Brighton, Clarendon, and Willunga. The principal the Australian Colonies, and the principal street (King main E. line of road. rivers are Torrens, Start, Onkaparinga, South Para, North William street) presents a splendid aspect from the N. end. Business of every description has received a considerable Barossa East is a district council in the electoral district Para, and Little Para; creeks, Cox's, Dry, and Sandy. of Barossa-S. P. Langholm (chairman), J. G. Mattner, Post towns in County Adelaide:- impetus, and the establishment of boot and clothing fac- tories gives constant and remunerative employment to A. Hermann, F. Haese, A. Hoffman; clerk, W. McIntyre. . T5. DISTANCE. HUNDRED. large numbers. Mayor, Caleb Peacock; councillors, J. M. Belair is a postal township in the , Alberton 61 miles W. Yatala Stacy, W. M. Letchford, F. Hagedorn, R. Peel, M. H. Madge, electoral district of Sturt, and under the control of the Athelstone 8 „ N.E. Adelaide C. Banbury, W. Holland, D. McNamara, J. Baseby, G. Downs Mitcham District Council. It lies in a flat about 1 square Augh Vale Munno Para A. McKenzie, and J. F. Conigrave; town clerk, T. Worsnop; mile in extent. Bowden 1 w. Adelaide auditors, T. E. Bury and M. H. Davis. The population, Bellinga is a small agricultural settlement in the neigh- Baker's Gully Kuitpo corrected to the year ending Dec. 31, 1875, was 30,333. Balhannah Onkaparinga borhood of Willunga, taken up by a few industrious farmers, Belair 7 „ S.E. Adelaide Adelaide is a Central Hundred of the county, lying who cultivate wheat and other produce. Blumberg 21 „ N.E. Talunga round the , and watered by the River Beverly is an agricultural village lying on the main road, Brighton 10 „ S. Noarlunga Torrens. It is nearly all purchased land, and for the most about 21 miles N.E. of Findon. Burnside 3 „ Adelaide part consists of pasture land, and of gardens, orchards, and Blackiston is a small agricultural settlement in the Campbelltown 5 „ Adelaide' vineyards, although some small crops of grain are grown in Chain of Ponds - Para Wirra it. There are numerous small suburban townships in this wheat growing district of Mount Barker. It is inhabited Charleston 26 „ E. Onkaparinga Hundred, the principal ones being North Adelaide, Unley, by a few small settlers , who are rapidly increasing in num- Cherry Gardens 14 „ S.E. Noarlunga Hindmarsh, Norwood, and Kensington. ber and wealth. Population, 102. Concordia 301 „ N. Barossa Blumberg is a postal township in the electoral district is the name given to the extensive flat Coromandel Valley 91 „ S.E. Noarlunga of Gumeracha, and under the control of the Talunga Dis- Cox'sCreekor Bridge- lying between the Gulf of St. Vincent on the W., and the trict Council. It is situated on the upper part of the River water 14 „ S.E. Noarlunga main or Adelaide Range on the E. The city of Adelaide Torrens, in agricultural district where wheat is extensively Crafers - Noarlunga and its surrounding suburbs lie on this plain, which consists grown. There is a steam flour mill in the township. The Dashwood's Gully 241 „ S.E. Kuitpo of level fertile country, with deep alluvial soil resting upon nearest places are Mount Torrens, 4 miles S.; Mount Dry Creek 61 „ Yatala tertiary deposits of gravel, sand, clay, and sandstone, with Pleasant, 7 miles N.E.; and Gumeracha, 5 miles W.: the Echunga 21 „ S.E. Kuitpo tertiary limestone, which frequently penetrates 5 or 6 feet communication with the two latter places being Hill & Co.'s Edwardstown 4 „ S. Adelaide into the joints and fissures of the rocks, completely covering mail coaches daily, and with Mount Torrens also. Enfield 41 „ N. Yatala them with a thin crust of white earthy carbonate of lime. Findon 6 „ N. Yatala Large crops of wheat and hay are grown upon it, and Bold Mount is a lofty peak of the main range, lying on Forreston 26 „ N.E. Talunga productive gardens and vineyards are numerous. the bank of the Onkaparinga River, and about 2 miles N. Fulham 51 „ W. Adelaide of Mount Saddle-bags. It is a survey station. Adelaide Port is a postal and corporate town, the prin- Gilbert Town 1 „ Yatala Bowden is a small suburban township and railway Glenelg 61 „ S. Noarlunga cipal shipping port of the colony, and the port of the metropolis, in the electoral district and Hundred of Port station on the Port line, and 21 miles distant N.W. from Glen Osmond 4 „ S.E. Adelaide Adelaide. It is inhabited chiefly by laborers and brick Golden Grove 14 „ N.E. Yatala Adelaide. It is situated on a mangrove swamp, on a salt- water creek or estuary, known as the Port Adelaide channel, makers. The townships of Hindmarsh and Brompton Grand Junction 6 „ Yatala lie adj scent. There are several brickkilns in the township, Griinthall 16 „ E. Onkaparinga about 91 miles from the mouth in the Gulf of St. Vincent, which is entered from the gulf between two extensive and the South Australian Gas Company's works lie in the Gumeracha 2 „ N.E. Talunga adjoining township of Brompton. Hindmarsh 2 „ W. Yatala sand-shoals, through a narrow creek, and constitutes the Hope Valley 101 „ N.E. Yatala outer bar. There is another bar inside the heads, known Bower's Valley is an agricultural settlement lying in a Houghton 14 „ N.E. Yatala as the inner bar ; but, by means of dredging, the outer bar fertile valley in the neighborhood of Willunga. Much of the Inglewood 151 „ N.E. Yatala has been cleared so as to give a depth of 15 feet at low land is taken up by a body of industrious small farmers Jupiter Creek 25 „ S.E. Kuitpo water spring tides, or about 23 feet at high water, and a engaged in the cultivation of wheat and hay. Kangarilla 22 „ S.E. Kuitpo channel has been cut through the inner bar, giving a depth Bowethore is the name given to a small agricultural of 18 feet at high water neap tides. Both bars have a hard Kersbrook 22 „ N.E. Para Wirra settlement lying on a fertile flat in the neighborhood of limestone crust , and have been difficult and expensive to Lefevre's Peninsula 9 „ Port Adelaide Willunga, and inhabited by a few small settlers engaged deal with ; and although little inconvenience or delay need in 271 „ W. Onkaparinga the cultivation of farm produce, chiefly wheat. Lower Mitcham 31 „ S. Adelaide be experienced by ships up to 800 tons register, still,vessels Lyndoch 36 „ N. Barossa of 1000 to 1200 must lighten considerably outside before Bridgwater (postal name, Cox's Creek) is a postal town- Magill 41 „ E. Adelaide they can venture to cross the bars. The question, therefore, ship in the electoral district of Onkaparinga, Hundred of McLaren Vale -- Willunga of the enlargement of the port, which has been for some Noarlunga, and under the control of the Echunga District Meadows 29 „ S.E. Kuitpo time before the public, is one of immediate consequence, if Council. pace is to be kept with the great wealth-producing powers Millbrook 17 „ N.E. Para Wirra Brighton is a corporate and postal seaside town in the of the colony. Port Adelaide lies on the E. side of the Mitcham 41 „ Adelaide electoral district of Sturt, and Hundred of Adelaide. It Modbury 9 „ N.E. Yatala creek, in a low situation, and surrounded by swamp; it is not, however, unhealthy, as the water is salt. Some of the lies in an agricultural district, producing wheat, barley, Morphett Vale - Noarlunga oats, and hay, and having about 50 acres under vines. The Mount Crawford 43 „ N. Barossa lower streets are, however, liable to inundation, and a vast amount of property was destroyed some time back by a nearest townships are Glenelg, 21 miles N.; and Sturt 21 Mount Pleasant 85 „ N.E. Talunga miles E. District Council-J. Crozier, M.L.C. (chairman), Mount Torrens 30 „ N.E. Talunga catastrophe of this nature. The channel or entrance to Port Adelaide runs between sandy banks ; and is bounded R. Smith, LP., R. Kelly, H. Hamilton, J. Budd; clerk, Nailsworth - Yatala J. Haywood. Norton's Summit 81 „ E . Adelaide on the W. by a sandy piece of land known as Lefevre's Norwood 2 „ N.E. Adelaide Peninsula, and on the E. by the mainland. Brownhill Creek is a small creek rising in the Mount Oakbank 201 „ Lofty Ranges, and flowing in a W. direction, past Unley E. Onkaparinga Adelaide Port is a Hundred lying in the N.W. corner of One Tree Hill 241 „ Park and Goodwood Park. It crosses the Adelaide and N. Yatala the country, on the coast of the Gulf of St. Vincent, and O'Halloran' s Hill 11 „ Glenelg road under a good wooden bridge, and runs through S. Noarlunga consisting of flat, swampy land, much of which is purchased Parkside, suburb of swampy land into the sea to the N. of Glenelg. Small and used for the purpose of fattening cattle, or for the Adelaide - Adelaide quantities of gold have been found in this creek, but no Payneham 31 „ N.E. Adelaide growth of hay. The runs through the workings have ever been carried on. Alluvial soil over Hundred, and the shipping port of the metropolis, Port Penfield 181 „ N. Munno Para limestone. Adelaide, lies on a wide estuary in the South part of the Plympton Sub. 31 „ Adelaide Hundred. Buckland is a small agricultural settlement lying in the Portland Estate 81 „ N.W. Port Adelaide neighborhood of Gawler, and inhabited by a few small Port Adelaide 71 „ W. Port Adelaide Alberton is a postal township and railway station lying settlers, who cultivate wheat and other farm produce. Reynella 131 „ S. Noarlunga suburban to Port Adelaide. It is in the electoral district of Rowland's Flat 381 „ N. Barossa Port Adelaide, , and forms part of the Burnside is a small postal township, suburban to Adelaide Salisbury 121 „ N.E. Munno Para District Council of Alberton and Queenstown. It lies on in the Hundred of Adelaide, and electoral district of East Sandy Creek 30 „ N. Barossa the main road from Port Adelaide to the city of Adelaide, Torrens. It is situated on a small watercourse called the Sellick's Hill 32 „ S. Willunga adjoining the former place on the S.E. side, and being 7 Second Creek, and is an agricultural district, where wheat Semaphore 10 „ W. Port Adelaide miles N.W. of the latter place. The nearest places are is cultivated to a small extent and hay is principally grown. Steventon 12d „ N.E. Yatala Queenstown (adjoining Woodville,1 miles S.), Hindmarsh, District Council-F. W. Wright (chairman), W. Pound, W. Stirling East 111 „ S.E. Noarlunga Bowden, and Brompton (41 miles S.E.); the communication Murray, J. Lockwood, R. Crane; clerk, T. Barnes. SOUTH AUSTRALIAN COUNTIES ATLAS, 1876. REPORTOF RAILWAYCOMMISSION, SCHEDULE.

The Railways in Schedule Nos. r, 2, and 3 are Shewn on General Ma by Red Lines.

Approximate Approximate Gauge. Gauge, Length in Miles Length in Miles.

MOONTA To ARDROSSAN, via Maitland,...... 42 ADELAIDE To Mus tAY BRIDGE, via Mount Barker and MOONTA TO PORT HUGHES ...... 2 Callington ...... 76 15 GREEN'S PLAINS TO BARUNDA GAP, via Ninnis Plains 22 STRATHALBYN TO CALLINGTON...... RIVOLI BAY TO MOUNT GAMBIER, via Mount Hope, Calcolat GAWLERTOWN TO TANUNDA, via Sandy Creek and Rowland's Creek and Millicent ...... 52 20 Flat ...... MILLICENT TO EASTERN BOUNDARY OF PROVINCE ON ROAD KAPUNDA TO EUDUNDA, via Point Pass on Eastern Side of FROM PENOLA TO CASTERTON, via Mount Muirhead, 20 Murray Range via Handsborough ...... Mount Graham, Monbulla Flats, and Penola ... 42 35 K00RINGA TO GOTTLIEB's WELLS ...... KINGSTON AND NARRACOORTE RAILWAY, BAKER'S RANGE TO 22 HAMLEY BRIDGE TO NEAR HALBURY . CocKAToo LAKE, in the Direction of Tatiara 16 38 ASEFORD EXTENSION TO GLADSTONE LINE near Sheaoak Flat MURaAY BRIDGE TO BORDER TowN AND BOUNDARY, in the 19 GLADSTONE TO JAMES TOWN ...... direction of ...... 135 20 GLADSTONE TO NORTH OF WIRRABARA . WILLOCHRA TO NEAR YUDAMUTANA ...... 205 PORT AUGUSTA TO NORTH OF WILLOCHEA, via Piebi Richi Gap ...... 40 REPORTON THE LAKE EYRE EXPEDITION 1874-5.

Sir-I have the honor to inform you that I left Beltana stick or a small piece of earth would sink in the mud there (excepting small patches) it is equal so any in South Aus- on Thursday, October 22nd, 1874, with party all well; but being no water visible; consequently I bad to follow up the tralia for grazing purposes. my camel outfit, although complete, was considerably out Macumba and a branch of Kallakoopah to Tommy's Well From Wadlarkaninna we proceeded in a south-easterly of repair, which caused great delay in starting, in fitting (previously described) before I could cross. I then followed direction to Lake Kopperamanna, crossing sandhills running saddles to the camel's back. We proceeded along the Tele- down the south side of the Macumba to where it joins the north and south nearly all the way. Generally speaking, graph line to the Mussel Waterhole, north end of the base Warburton, then down it to Lake Eyre, over country which good grazing country if watered, line, lat. 28° 27', long. 136° 20', where we arrived November is quite worthless, being all high sandhills producing nothing From Lake Kopperamanna I followed the Barcoo down 14th, 1874. but pig's-face plants (mesemliryanthemum) and a little cane to Lake Eyre, finding no water except in two wells. I was delayed several days repairing camel saddles and bush. In some of the low-lying valleys, which were not of Thence along the shore of the lake to the mouth of the ascertaining if water was procurable lower down Umbum so saline a nature, I observed a species of native lupin. eastern branch of the Warburton, returning by a more Creek, or in Sunny Creek; we, however, finally started for This was all the camels had to eat. Returning to the depot northerly course to Lake Kopperamanna. Sunny Creek on November 20th, to a good waterhole in it, by way of Tommy's Well we followed down the creek again After this, from Lake Kopperamanna we proceeded to from which place I examined Umbum Creek down to its to where a portion of it breaks off and goes southward. examine the country westward to Lake Eyre, south, along mouth in Lake Eyre. The country on the creek, as far as We crossed, and proceeded in a south-west direction over the shore to the mouth of the Clayton, then east to Gerty's I saw, consists of red silicious stones covering large patches very high sand hills, to the eastern side of the mouth of the Hill and Lake Boocaltaninna, the whole of which, westward of ground, other parts being fairly grassed, and with salt Warburton. Here levels were taken and holes sunk, for a of the Isa, consists of sandhills, in many places splendidly and cotten bushes scattered in patches, and varying in distance of seven miles out on the lake, details of which are grassed, but without water. Eastward of the Isa is stony extent. shown on plan. I also followed the shore of the lake to the country, forming in many places table-topped hills, the whole From Sunny Creek waterhole we proceeded northwards mouth of the eastern branch, which I followed up, crossing well grassed, and growing abundance of cotton and salt to the Neales, examined it down to Lake Eyre; finding at the same place to the depot. bushes; but I am of opinion that, excepting Lake Koppera- nothing but salt water in the river, and indifferent and poor We then continued our journey up the creek for a con- manna (which at times goes salt), none of the waters are sandhill country on both sides. siderable distance, finding no country worthy of notice, but permanent. Starting from the Neales Depot on a westerly course, numerous small springs in the banks, until we reached lat. From Boocaltaninnawe struck northwards to the Barcoo, over very good sandhill country, we struck and followed up 27° 57' 8". Here the natives showed us a very fine water- and followed it up to Lake Hope, thence up to Innamincka Brown's Creek to Brown's Waterholes; striking north again bole, and we found decided improvement in the country, (Burk's grave). It is useless attempting a detailed des- we crossed the watershed between Brown's Creek and the sandhills getting lower and receding further from the cription of the country on the Barcoo, as it is nearly all Koorakarrinna Creek, which we followed down for some creek. alike, being sandhills varying in height, but very little in distance to waterhole marked on plan. The country here From this place (native name Wadlarkaninna) up to the quality, except in a direct line between Lake Hope and and eastward to Lake Eyre is remarkably well grassed; small lake named Goyder's Lagoon, lat. 26° 53' 11", the Boocaltaninna, where the hills are higher. Between Lake patches of outcropping limestone were observed for the country is very good, suitable for cattle or sheep. It con- Hope and Innamincka the whole country consists of well- first time over a considerable extent of country. Several silts of salt and cotton bush flats, low, well-grassed grassed sandhills, with flooded flats (in places) between. small creeks were crossed en route, on the banks of which a sandhills, and stony plains; the plains round Mount Hogarth Of Lake M'Kinlay and the neighbouring lakes I shall not large species of myall (commonly known as giga) grow being particularly well grassed and interspersed with salt attempt any description, as they have been ably described most luxuriently. and cotton bushes. many years ago, by the late John McKinlay. Esq. From the lower waterhole on Koorakarrinna, we pro- A fPw miles south, and westward of Goyder's Lagoon On my return from Innamincka to Lake Hope, I sent ceeded northwards to Macumba, crossing good country, the creek fails to form any channel. Near this place, across to Mount Hogarth, with a view of finding a more dry watercourses, and sandhills. We were fortunate in through very heavy rains and one of the camels going blind, practicable stock and dry route to the salt creek than finding a good waterhole in the Macumba, from which I I was obliged to leave the main camp, with instructions to the one from Kooperamanna; this unfortunately proved a followed it up to the junction of the Alberga and Steven- return down the creek, as soon as practicable, to the fish failure, as the sandhills were in many places higher and son Rivers. The country on the south side is the same kind hole; I, with three companions, passing Goyder's Lagoon covered with spinifex, and the distance is greater. of redstone plains previously mentioned, but exceedingly and proceeding northwards, crossed a very large barren With regard to the collection of natural history, which sterile in places; the north side, as far as I saw (excepting saltbush plain, on which the Everard spreads, then turning has already been forwarded and examined by you, I have to Mount Samuel and thereabouts) and what I learnt from the a little westerly we found a good waterhole situated in low, report that on account of the dryness of the season during natives, consists entirely of sandhills and inferior country. well-grassed, sandhill country. Proceedingnorthward again the early part of the trip, making a botanical collection was From the depot up to junction of the Alberga and Steven- over some good country, till the sandhills began to rise, we an impossibility, there being no flora to collect. Finding son, all the water I could find was one small hole in a branch then turned eastward. Striking the Gerty, we followed it flowering plants so scarce, the Collector said he could only creek, and a native well fully twelve feet deep in the main up to where it rises in large nardoo fiats. The country on make a collection of grasses, which, as the country we were channel. this creek is, generally speaking, very good. travelling on was new, I considered would be interesting, On my return I mapped the shore of Lake Eyre from the From the head of the Gerty we continued our course and of value as information to future occupants. As to the Neales, as far as possible, crossing over some good country, eastward till we struck the Eleanor. This was afterwards animals and birds, they were of course particularly scarce entirely destitute of water. found to be a branch from the Everard. Following up the on account of the previous drought; however, I can safely We then followed down the Macumba to the junction of Eleanor a short distance we continued our eastward course, say that all that came within reach were obtained, and I Kallakoopah Creek, through country quite unsuited to and struck the Everard in lat. 26° 1P 28". It, unfortunately, trust they will give satisfaction to the scientific community European occupation; the river, with few exceptions, con- was running bank high, thus preventing us crossing or and also benefit the Collector. tained only brackish water, and in other respects being only judging as to its permanency; but, from the great width In conclusion, I wish to offer a few remarks as to the a salt boggy channel, with high barren sandhills close in and depth of the water, and the large gum trees growing number and nature of the natives on the Salt Creek. Pre- on both sides. Crossing Kallakoopah near the junction, we on the banks, I am of opinion that, if not permanent, the vious to leaving Adelaide I heard numerous accounts of followed up the left bank, to where our guide said there holes contain water for a long time, such trees only growing their ferocity, treachery, and general hostile feeling towards was a good well of water, which, however, on trial proved negr, permanent water. As we could not cross, we followed whites; and also read of a black corpse having been seen a failure, being merely a slight drainage in a dry watercourse up the west bank to Camp No. 44, lat. 25° 50 40". Here we roasting before a large fire for a repast for his companions. on blue sandy clay; but by going through this about one were most effectually stopped by boggy ground and water In consequence of which I furnished myself and party foot we came to fine clean sand (very fine, and after repeated overflowing the banks of the creek and covering the plains largely with firearms and ammunition; but, contrary to my trials to sink through the sand-timber notbeing procurable) for three and four miles out. We tried in several places to expectations (founded purely on reports and my previous we obtained, what I have no hesitation in calling, a per- get to the creek, without success, as the water was in many reading), I found the natives very harmless in every respect manent well of fresh water; but this is all that can be said places four and five feet deep. However, at last we managed and could we have understood them they appearedto be of the place, it being impossible to convey an idea to those to get about seven miles northward, still could not get near most desirous of giving all information they could, being who have not traversed the country-the barren, sterile, the creek; and as the water kept rising, I was reluctently kind in their ways, parting with their possessions freely, and desolate appearance it presents, the sandhills being very obliged to abandon my former intention of ascending farther either by gift or barter. When we first arrived on the high, and in many places washed in preclpitious cliffs and up. Warburton, previous to the rain, they were very numerous, gullies; no sign of any vegetable life, except in places where From Camp 44 we returned by a more westerly route thus showing that when all other waters in the district withered plants of solarium grow in small patches. (crossing some good country, excepting near Camp 45, failed, they could make it their home, finding sufficient food From the well (at which all hands labored during the where the country consists of high sandhills, with barren and water. This is also the first place I ever saw natives day, the thermometer standing at 140°) I followed the ereek gravelly fiats between) to the place we first struck the creek, return and live in the same wurlies, which are very large up for about twelve miles, but the country being so un- and followed down the west hank to Camp 48, wherethe creek and well built; their camps may be considered more as promising, I did not deem it necessary to waste any time spreads on the plain before mentioned. We then crossed villages than anything else; their principal food is fish (we over it. the plain (which is in many places very good, others full of saw large quantities in their possession) and I am certain From the well (Tommy's) we went south-east to the cracks and polygonum watercourses) to Goyder's Lagoon, they are as healthy and well grown a tribe as any in the Warburton River, and followed it up a short distance to thence down the west bank of the Warburton, over some Colonies. where, by digging under the right bank, we obtained a magnificent saltbush country, to the fish hole. From here A daily journal is in course of preparation, and will be good supply of water. I was here necessitated to establish the camp returned to the first waterhole found; I, with one forwarded as soon as possible. a depot, and taking the black boy, followed down the creek companion, followed down a branch which breaks out at the All places in this report may be readily found by refer- to the junction of the Macumba. I endeavoured to get fish hole, joining the others at Camp 31. From here I ex- ring to the published map. across to ascertain the exact place the salt creek empties amined the country north and westward along a salt lake, I have , &c., fina lly joining the party at Camp 29 (W adl ar k an inna). into Lake Eyre, but my attempts were unavailing, as the J. W. LEWIS. channels of both creeks and numerous small marshes, over To sum up the whole of the country from Wadlarkaninna which it was also necessary to cross, were so boggy that a to my highest point on the creek, I am quite satisfied that TheHon. the Commissioner of Crown Lands & Immigration. á . 2

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P al¢'t Fi+r E E ra$Ps yfX'8'. ; [ A K Y E ) I a z %r>t :aa, 'nna 1 '- RECENTLY EXPLORED BY-' Re o I A ... r ---_--______thTaRam \ c- . V EWIL S I urizyYoirct o CoWer,Bi'll f Q: YY r1rzrz;:ti. . ' ° SCALE OF STATUTE MILES I QQ a za v FEere zeegill o _ fur the - -T = ' T ---- I SOUTH AUSTRALIAN COUNTIES ATLAS (876. - ' - BeresFords iii ll # Yarxz ' W. N 1 V >w CC,nr, (. j'N j , I Reaetonegill -,. ,Ilrr•Usuu',tUrr , a Iuntr' _ , - Srinlrr, f BACCARAT.

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I /37° Getting around this CD

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