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County Clare T3 a 9 o u bo .a i t^ u o -c: n) n a) PQ .Q E o H rt iM) a> (U t-j a u I VH o % O SURVEY OF THE MEGALITHIC TOMBS OF IRELAND VOLUME I COUNTY CLARE Ruaidhri de Valera and Sean O Nuallain DUBLIN PUBLISHED BY THE STATIONERY OFFICE 1961 To be purchased from the GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS SALE OFFICE, G.P.O. ARCADE, DUBLIN 1 or through any Bookseller. PRINTED BY DUNDALGAN PRESS (W. TEMPEST) LTD., DUNDALK FOREWORD The wealth of the Irish countryside in field antiquities is by any standard remarkable. These demand the attention of the cartographer and since its inception the Ordnance Survey has been concerned to take notice of them. Indeed in the initial years of the Survey the brilliant team headed by O'Donovan, O'Curry and Petrie could justly claim to have laid the foundations of the development of scientific archaeology in Ireland. During the century since their passing, though its resources were never adequate for the task, the Ordnance Survey has, as it must, maintained its interest. In our own time the effort to revive archaeological work has been intensified and this at last led to the establishment of an archaeological section at this Office. The means needed to carry out a comprehensive general survey of field antiquities were not avail­ able and a special survey of one important class of monuments was therefore proposed. The choice fell on megalithic tombs. Not only is Ireland particularly rich in these but, as work in many lands has shown, such surveys are especially instructive and are vital for the understanding of the great neolithic and early bronze age movements which established farming and introduced so many of the basic skills and crafts of civilization. Moreover, the complex nature of the tombs themselves requires from those who would properly record them not only a specialist knowledge but also a wide experience of the sites in the field and for this the Ordnance Survey could provide opportunities not easily otherwise available. The results of the preliminary studies made have in large measure appeared in print and the present volume begins a series designed to cover in detail the megalithic tombs of Ireland. The need for an adequate account of such sites is all the more clear in these days when modern improvements in agriculture threaten so many of the monuments of those early farmers who in their day exploited the soil of Ireland. The Megalithic Survey was begun under the direction of Dr. de Valera when he was Staff Archaeologist here. Since his appointment to the Chair of Archaeology in University College, Dublin, this work at the Ordnance Survey has been continued by Mr. 0 Nuallain and has taken on the nature of a co-operative undertaking. In it the Ordnance Survey, through its archaeological section, is joined by the College depart­ ment in a happy partnership to further the common aim of examining and recording the monuments of Ireland's past. NIALL MACNEILL, Colonel (R.O.) Assistant Director of Ordnance Survey Ordnance Survey Office, Dublin. May, i960 iii CONTENTS ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO DESCRIPTIONS, PLANS AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF TOMBS ........... vi NUMERICAL LIST OF TOMBS ......... viii ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO SITES IN APPENDIX ...... ix INTRODUCTION ........... xi Classification of Irish Megalithic Tombs ...... xii Previous Accounts of Co. Clare Tombs ...... xiv Scope and Plan of Present Volume ....... xv Conventions Used in Plans ........ xvi County Abbreviations ......... xvii PART I. DESCRIPTIONS Descriptions of the Megalithic Tombs of Co. Clare arranged by Baronies i Appendix: (a) Destroyed Tombs ........ 91 (b) Sites marked " Cromlech," etc., on O.S. Maps which are not accepted as Megalithic Tombs .... 92 PART 2. DISCUSSION 1. MORPHOLOGY .......... IOI Wedge-shaped Gallery Graves: Main Chamber ........ IOI Outer-walling ......... 105 Portico .......... 105 East End-chamber ........ 105 Cairn .......... 106 Orientation ......... 106 Portal Dolmens ......... 106 Court Cairns ......... 106 2. DISTRIBUTION .......... 107 Regions: Region 1—North-west Upper Limestone .... 107 Region 2—Shales and Flagstones of West Clare . 109 Region 3— Turlough zone of Central Clare .... 109 Region 4—Lower Limestone zone fringing Region 5 no Region 5—Old Red Sandstone and Silurian hills of East Clare no Pattern of Distribution of Wedge-shaped Gallery Graves in relation to Settlement ....... in Portal Dolmens and Court Cairns . ..... 112 iv CONTENTS V THE PLACE OF THE CLARE TOMBS IN THE IRISH SERIES Wedge-shaped Gallery Graves: Distributional Factors 112 Date and Culture Context 113 Origin and Foreign Relationships ii5 Court Cairns and Portal Dolmens ii5 Economy of the Tomb Builders 116 PLANS AND SECTIONS Figs. i-59 PHOTOGRAPHS Plates 1-22 ORIENTATION DIAGRAM At end of volume DISTRIBUTION MAPS At end of volume Map i: Index Map Map 2: Physical Features Map 3: Main Geological Formations Map 4: Bog, Alluvium and Drift ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO DESCRIPTIONS, PLANS AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF TOMBS Descrip­ Photo­ Descrip­ Photo­ Townland Number tion Plan graph^) Townland Number tion Plan graph (s) Page Fig. Plate(s) Page Fig. Plate(s) Ardataggle (CI. 118) 89 56 20 Cloongaheen Ardskeagh (CI. no) 83 54 19 West (CI. 109) 82 54 19 Cloonyconry More (CI. 113) 85 Ballinphunta (CI. 90) 57 19 69 59 Cloonyconry Ballycasheen (CI. II 63) 52 34 More (CI. 114) 86 56 19 Ballycroum (CI. 93) 71 47 16 Commons Ballycroum (CI. 94) 72 47 16 North (CI. 56) 48 30 10 Ballycroum (CI. 95) 72 48 16 Commons Ballyganner North (CI. 65) 54 36 13 North (CI. 29 22 6 34) Cooleabeg (CI. 7) 6 3 2 Ballyganner Cooleamore (CI. 13) 10 7 3 North (CI. 35) 31 16 7 Cookiatullagh (CI. 19) 15 10 4 Ballyganner Corbehagh (CI. 91) 69 46 16 North (CI. 36) 32 15 7 Ballyganner Cragbally- conoal (CI. 8 4 South (CI. 37) 32 20 7 17) 14 Ballyganner Cragbally- conoal (CI. 18) 4 South (CI. 38) 33 21 7 14 9 Creevagh (CI. 38 24 8 and 22 Ballyhickey (CI. 87) 67 44 15 43) Ballykelly (CI. 112) 84 55 *9 Deerpark (CI. 22 7 and 22 Ballymaconna (CI. 81) 64 42 !4 39) 34 Derrynavahagh (CI. 1 1 1 Ballymihil (CI. 16) 13 8 3 I) Drumanure (U. 72) 58 12 Ballymurphy (CI. 3i) 25 18 6 39 Drummin (CI. 108) 82 54 18 Ballynahown (CI. 44) 39 25 8 Ballynahown (CI. 45) 40 25 9 Eantybeg Ballynahown (CI. 46) 40 26 9 South (CI. 29) 24 16 6 Ballynahown (CI. 26 9 and 21 47) 4i Eanty More (CI. 40) 35 17 8 Ballyogan (CI. 82) 64 43 14 Elmhill (CI. 105) 80 53 18 Ballyslattery or Newgrove (CI. 100) 76 51 17 and 21 x Fahy (CI. 92) 70 46 16 Baur North (CI. 25) 20 4 5 Fanygalvan (CI. 6 and 22 Baur South (CI. 26) 21 *3 5 and 21 33) 27 19 Bealkelly Faunarooska (CI. 3) 3 2 1 (Purdon) (CI. 106) 80 53 18 Faunarooska (CI. 4) 3 2 1 Bemeens (CI. 8) 7 4 2 Faunarooska (CI. 5) 4 2 1 Berneens (CI. 9) 8 4 2 Formoyle More (CI. 115) 86 58 20 Bohateh North (CI. 119) 90 45 20 Gleninsheen (CI. 10) 8 5 2 Caheraphuca (CI. 80) 63 42 14 Gleninsheen (CI. n) 9 5 3 Caherblonick Gleninsheen (CI. 15) 12 7 3 North (CI. 64) 53 34 II Glenmore (CI. 53) 45 28 10 Caherbullog (CI. 2) 2 1 I Gortlecka (CI. 58) 49 3i n Caherminnaun Gortlecka (CI. 70) 57 37 — West (CI. 48) 26 — 4i Gragan East (CI. 6) 5 3 2 Calluragh South (CI. 50) 43 27 9 Illaun Cappaghabaun (CI. 5i) 44 28 9 Iskancullin (CI. 26 6 Mountain (CI. 96) 73 48 16 32) 14 Cappagh- kennedy (CI. 42) 37 23 8 Kilcurrish (CI. 74) 59 39 14 Camcreagh (CI. 52) 44 28 10 Kilcurrish (CI. 75) 60 40 14 Clogher (CI. 103) 78 50 18 Killokennedy (CI. in) 84 55 19 Cloghooha (CI. 117) 88 57 20 Kilvoydan (CI. 83) 65 43 15 Clooneen (CI. 49) 42 27 9 Knockalassa (CI. 76) 60 40 12 vi Descrip- Photo- Descrip- Photo- Townland Number tion Plan graph (s) Tbwnland Number tion Plan graph(s) Page Fig. Plate{s) Page Fig. Plate(s) Knockmael Parknabinnia (CI. 67) 55 35 11 East (CI. 78) 62 41 12 Parknabinnia (CI. 69) 56 37 14 Knockmael Poulaphuca (CI. 20) 15 10 4 and East (CI. 12 79) 63 41 Poulbaun (CI. 12) 9 6 3 Knocknalappa (CI. 89) 68 45 15 Poulnabrone (CI. 28) 23 15 5 Knockshanvo (CI. 116) 88 20 and 22 58 Poulnabrucky (CI. 14) 11 6 3 Knopoge (CI. 88) 68 44 15 Rannagh East (CI. 21) 16 11 4 Leana (CI. 57) 48 29 10 Rannagh East (CI. 41) 36 20 8 Leana (CI. 68) 55 36 11 Rosslara (CI. 99) 76 17 Leckaun (CI. 61 40 12 49 77) Rylane (CI. 84) 66 Lismeehan or 43 15 Rylane (CI. 66 42 — Maryfort (CI. 102) 78 52 17 85) LissyUsheen (CI. 24) 19 12 5 Slievenaglasha (CI. 55) 10 LissyHsheen (CI. 27) 22 13 5 47 3° Milltown (CI. 101) 77 52 17 Termon (CI. 22) 17 12 4 Moheramoylan (CI. 30) 24 17 6 Termon (CI. 23) 18 11 5 Moymore (CI. 104) 79 5i 18 Toonagh (CI. 86) 67 44 15 Moyree Toormore (CI. 12 O 73) 59 33 C O O H 11 Commons (CI. 7i) 58 C TuUycommon (CI. 54) 46 29 10 Tyredagh Parknabinnia (CI. 59) 49 O 13 Lower (CI. 98) 75 50 17 Parknabinnia (CI. 60) 50 32 13 Tyredagh Parknabinnia (CI. 61) 5i 32 13 Upper (CI. 97) 74 49 17 Parknabinnia (CI.
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