Circular Economy Leading City: Hamburg (DE)
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Knowledge Dossier Circular economy Leading city: Hamburg (DE) Disclaimer The information and views contained in the present document do not reflect the official opinion of the European Commission nor that of the Partners. The Commission and the Partners do not guarantee the accuracy of the information contained therein. Neither the Commission, the Partners, nor any person acting on the Commission’s or on the Partners’ behalf may be held responsible for the content and the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Knowledge for Circular Economy approaches in cities Cities have been widely recognised as one of the leading actors of the transition from linear to circular economies . This knowledge dossier reviews some of the most relevant policy and research documents that highlight the role of cities in that transition. To this end, the document showcases results and outcomes of both policy and research analysis carried out by the European Commission and other partners. Similarly, the last section presents a review of European projects that address circular economy in cities in partnership with research institutions and other stakeholders. This document highlights for example, the Circular Economy Action Plan of the European Commission, as part of the New EU Green Deal, which devotes a specific action to the circularity of regions and cities. In addition, the Urban Agenda for the EU counts with a specific action plan on circular economy. International knowledge on the field come from the OECD, which has launched a specific programme on the circularity of regions of cities , Circle Economy and the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Many research projects address the circular transition in cities, with the participation of many cities , metropolis and municipalities across Europe. Waste management, food systems and urban materials flows are the mos t common research topics addressed. Special attention is also paid to innovation and citizen engagement when promoting this circular transition. The aim of this knowledge dossier is to keep track of progress on circular economy challenges at urban level, by mutualising knowledge coming from several sources and partners, including scientists1. This document should be understood as an on-going activity able to integrate new sources, results and evidences. We welcome contributions2. 1 Second update (20/05/2020) 2 Edited by Javier GOMEZ, PhD and David Garcia, PhD, Joint Research Centre 1 EU Framework Circular Economy Action Plan (DG ENV) Action Plan Year: 2020 Link web: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/index_en.htm Action “Making circularity work for people, regions and cities”: Circularity for cities will be fostered through the European Urban Initiative, the Intelligent Cities Challenge Initiative and the Circular Cities and Regions Initiative. It will be also a priority area of the Green City Accord. Circular Economy Package (DG ENV) Report: achievements in three years of action plan (2016-2019) Link web: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/first_circular_economy_action_plan.html Highlights: Existing research on the circular economy is lacking a territorial focus. In addition, data at regional level on waste generated and processed and waste flows are lacking. Importance of bringing circular economy closer to citizens through replication of National Frameworks at local level (cities). Urban Agenda for the EU (DG REGIO) Action Plan, Bratislava Partnership, Circular Economy Year: 2018 Link web: https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/system/files/ged/ua_ce_action_plan_30.11.2018_final.pdf 7 policy actions in the axis: "Better Knowledge": 1. Prepare a blueprint for a Circular City Portal; 2. Urban Resource Centres for waste prevention, re-use and recycling, 3. Circular Resource Management Roadmap for cities, 4. Develop a Collaborative Economy Package Pack for cities, 5. Re-use of buildings and spaces, 6. City Indicators for Circular Economy, and 7. Pay-as-you-throw toolkit. Handbook (2020) on Sustainable & circular re-use of spaces and buildings that proposes a framework, models and tools for an urban circular re-use. It provides examples of multi-level governance elements of circular strategies and a review of best practises in European cities. Highlights: The application of Nature-Based Solutions can inspirit and facilitate the transition to circular economy. Practices of sustainable and circular re-use of abandoned or underused properties usually consist of the following elements/phases: inventory of properties; incentives to promote citizen participation; decision-making and financing; monitoring and evaluation. Urban Agency for Re-use (UAR) as an innovative management model. Reusability Index (RI) as a good tool to assess the suitability of a building to be re-used. Need to promote partnerships. Need to encorauge participatory processes and make citizens and organizations take part of the decision-making process. Need of administrative flexibility. Need of public funding. Sustainable & circular re-use of spaces and buildings handbook 2 Circular economy strategies and roadmaps in Europe: Identifying synergies and the potential for cooperation and alliance building (European Economic and Social Committee) Report Year: 2019 Link web: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/index_en.htm Highlights: The number of circular economy strategies at all levels is growing and the pace at which they are adopted is increasing. A relative low number of strategies at the local and regional levels compared to the ones available at the national level. Strategies are more effective when they address the circular economy comprehensively and include broad partnerships. Three types of strategies according to their approach: integrated strategies, strategies with a restricted sector focus, all-encompassing strategies with a clear setting of priorities. The most common economic sectors addressed in the strategies are manufacturing, construction, waste processing and food and feed. Civil society involvement is currently higher during strategy implementation than during strategy development. The most inclusive strategies are those considering balanced partnerships, involving all types of partners in different roles across the different stages of strategy development, and using different instruments for coordinating partner engagement. The report outlines an adaptable model strategy illustrating the key elements and needs of circular economy strategies. Policy makers are invited to reflect on six elements of documents: rationale of the strategy; experience and links to other policies and strategies; strategy objectives; implementation measures; governance; and a monitoring and evaluation plan. Joint Research Centre Future of Cities Report (JRC) Chapter: Environmental footprint Year: 2019 Link web: https://urban.jrc.ec.europa.eu/thefutureofcities/ Results/Achievements: Trends and figures from the angle of: water-energy-food nexus (e.g. water consumption, urban agriculture) and examples showcasing how cities are tackling to the environmental footprint. European Handbook for SDG Voluntary Local Reviews (JRC, Unit B3: Territorial Development) Year: 2020 Link web: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/eur-scientific-and-technical-research-reports/european- handbook-sdg-voluntary-local-reviews Available urban indicators for SDG local monitoring: Shares of load generated in big cities or big discharge areas (agglomerations) receiving particular types of wastewater treatment. Volume, expressed in cubic meter, of recycled water used for irrigation of green areas, sport zones and for cleaning other open areas. Blue City Index, which summarises how well a city manages its urban water resources. Share of residential houses that have been built after 1980. Share of the Recycled Waste (in tonnes) over the total waste. Waste collected per capita in one year expressed in kg. Annual variation of the total amount in pollutants released by industrial facilities in the area of interest, by pollutant. 3 Knowledge from other organisations (EU focus) Resilient cities, thriving cities: The evolution of urban resilience (ICLEI) Report chapter: “Circular development for resilient cities” Year: 2019 Link web: https://www.iclei.org/en/publication/resilient-cities-thriving-cities-the-evolution-of-urban- resilience Highlights: Tools available for local governments to promote circularity at the local level: Urban Metabolism Analysis (UMA); City-business collaboration for innovation; Community engagement; Circular public procurement; Lifecycle planning. Programme on the Circular Economy in Cities and Regions (OECD) Link web: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/circular-economy-cities.htm Objectives: to develop an indicator framework for decision-making; to evaluate circular economy strategies; to favour knowledge exchange and dialogue between cities and regions. Chapter focusing on cities and circular economy in the report “Systemic Thinking f or Policy Making. The Potential of Systems Analysis for Addressing Global Policy Challenges in the 21st Century”. Highlights: Cities are laboratories that may act as innovation and experimentation hubs. There is a need to re-engineer and re-operate city infrastructures to make them more sustainable. Need to revert some of the conventional policy analysis precepts, adopting a systems approach instead. For the successful implementation of circular economy initiatives at local and regional levels coordination across people, policies and places is