Universidade Federal Da Bahia Comunidades Privadas Bittorrent

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Universidade Federal Da Bahia Comunidades Privadas Bittorrent UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO E CULTURA CONTEMPORÂNEAS LINEU VILANOVA MIRANDA DE OLIVEIRA COMUNIDADES PRIVADAS BITTORRENT: SEGUINDO OS RASTROS DA ALIANÇA CINÉFILA Salvador 2013 LINEU VILANOVA MIRANDA DE OLIVEIRA COMUNIDADES PRIVADAS BITTORRENT: SEGUINDO OS RASTROS DA ALIANÇA CINÉFILA Dissertação apresentada ao curso de Mestrado da Faculdade de Comunicação da Universidade Federal da Bahia, como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Comunicação. Orientadora: Profª Drª Maria Lucineide Andrade Fontes. Salvador 2013 LINEU VILANOVA MIRANDA DE OLIVEIRA COMUNIDADES PRIVADAS BITTORRENT: SEGUINDO OS RASTROS DA ALIANÇA CINÉFILA Dissertação apresentada ao curso de Mestrado da Faculdade de Comunicação da Universidade Federal da Bahia, como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Comunicação e aprovada pela seguinte banca examinadora: ___________________________________ Maria Lucineide Andrade Fontes - Orientadora Doutora em Comunicação e Cultura Contemporânea pela Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). ___________________________________ Mahomed Bamba Doutor em Ciências da Comunicação Comunicação pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ___________________________________ Messias Guimarães Bandeira Doutor em Comunicação e Cultura Contemporâneas pela Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Salvador, 20 de março de 2013. À minha família AGRADECIMENTOS Essa jornada começou como um sonho há mais de três anos atrás. Há dois anos, virou um projeto de pesquisa e, hoje, é uma dissertação. Durante essa longa caminhada, recebi o apoio de muita gente. Agradeço ao meu pai, Nelson, por sempre acreditar em meus projetos. Agradeço à minha mãe, Vera, a pessoa mais generosa que conheço, por todo amor e carinho que tenho recebido desde que saí do seu ventre. Agradeço aos meus irmãos Genaro e Catarina, amigos que respeito e admiro, por todas as experiências e trocas que me ajudaram a ser quem sou. Agradeço à minha amada Daniele, presente nos melhores e piores momentos dos últimos dez anos. Com você, tenho certeza que os próximos dez anos serão ainda mais felizes. Agradeço à professora e orientadora Malu Fontes, que acreditou neste projeto e na minha capacidade de realizá-lo. Agradeço a Diogo Carvalho, amigo de longas datas, cujas sugestões ajudaram a transformar um sonho em um projeto de pesquisa. 15 À CAPES, agradeço pelo apoio financeiro, sem o qual não poderia ter me dedicado integralmente à pesquisa. Agradeço a todos os integrantes do Grupo de Pesquisa em Interações, Tecnologias Digitais e Sociabilidade (GITS) e do Grupo de Pesquisa em Cibercidades (GPC), pelos inúmeros debates e reflexões. Agradeço especialmente aos seus respectivos coordenadores, José Carlos Ribeiro e André Lemos, por toda atenção e pelas importantes sugestões. Por fim, agradeço aos membros e administradores da Aliança Cinéfila pela colaboração ao longo da pesquisa. Agradeço especialmente à Lu, pela paciência em responder minhas inúmeras perguntas com toda a simpatia e bom humor do mundo. Não tenho palavras para expressar o quanto lhe sou grato. “O problema dos cientistas sociais é que eles, normalmente, alternam entre arrogância - cada um deles sonha em ser o Newton da ciência social assim como o Lênin da transformação social - e o desespero - eles desprezam a si mesmos porque produzem apenas relatos, estórias e estatísticas que ninguém irá ler. Mas a escolha entre o domínio absoluto e a total irrelevância é bastante superficial. [...] A relevância, como todo o resto, é uma conquista” (LATOUR, 2005, p. 138). Resumo O fenômeno do compartilhamento de arquivos vêm crescendo desde o início dos anos 2000. A partir de 2004, com a expansão do compartilhamento de filmes através de sistemas p2p, representantes dos grandes estúdios de Hollywood decidiram adotar uma estratégia semelhante àquela adotada pela indústria fonográfica, levando-os a processar centenas de usuários finais. Essa atitude agressiva acabou empurrando muitos dos usuários mais ativos de sistemas p2p para comunidades subterrâneas de compartilhamento como as comunidades privadas BitTorrent. Este trabalho apresenta um relato descritivo de uma comunidade privada BitTorrent dedicada ao compartihamento de filmes na internet. A construção do relato descritivo baseou-se em premissas da teoria ator-rede, mais especificamente em três princípios de incerteza discutidos por Bruno Latour em Reassembling The Social (2005). O relato descritivo pretendeu reunir o maior número possível de atores envolvidos na manutenção da Aliança Cinéfila. Palavras-Chave: Cinefilia, p2p, Comunidades Privadas BitTorrent, Compartilhamento de Arquivos, Teoria Ator-Rede Abstract The file sharing phenomenon has been growing since the beginning of 2000. After 2004, with the expansion of movie file sharing on p2p networks, the movie industry decided to adopt the same strategy that had been used by the recording industry and began suing hundreds of end users. This aggressive approach pushed many of the most active users to underground file sharing communities. This work presents a descriptive account of a private BitTorrent community that is dedicated to the file sharing of certain types of movies. The construction of the descriptive account was based in some of actor-network theory premises, more specifically, on the three sources of uncertainties discussed by Bruno Latour in Reassembling The Social (2005). The descriptive account was an attempt to assemble most of the actors involved in the maintenance of Aliança Cinéfila. Keywords: Cinephilia, p2p, Private BitTorrent Communities, File sharing, Actor- Network Theory SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO 11 2 CINEFILIA: ONTEM E HOJE 17 2.1 Cinefilia clássica 17 2.2 A domesticação do cinema e o cinéfilo colecionador 21 3 UMA RETROSPECTIVA PANORÂMICA DOS PROTOCOLOS DE COMPARTILHAMENTO P2P 25 3.1 Antes do Napster 25 3.2 História do Napster 26 3.3 Gnutella 31 3.4 FastTrack 32 3.5 Ed2k 33 3.6 BitTorrent 34 4 A OFENSIVA JUDICIAL CONTRA O COMPARTILHAMENTO DE ARQUIVOS NA INTERNET 38 4.1 A&M Records vs Napster 39 4.2 MGM Studios, Inc. vs Grokster, Ltd. 41 4.3 A estratégia de litigação massiva 43 4.4 A caça aos rastreadores e indexadores BitTorrent 46 4.5 O caso The Pirate Bay 48 5 COMPARTILHAMENTO DE FILMES E COMUNIDADES PRIVADAS BITTORRENT 54 5.1 The scene 56 5.2 Cooperação e reciprocidade em comunidades privadas BitTorrent 58 5.3 O problema da carona em comunidades privadas BitTorrent 61 5.4 Normas e regras de ratio em comunidades privadas BitTorrent 63 6 UM MÉTODO DESCRITIVO APOIADO EM PREMISSAS DA TEORIA ATOR-REDE 65 6.1 Uma breve história da teoria ator-rede 65 6.2 Reagregando o social 68 6.3 Gabriel Tarde vs Émile Durkheim 72 6.4 Mapeando controvérsias e rastros digitais a partir três fontes de incertezas 75 6.4.1 A primeira fonte de incerteza - a natureza dos grupos 76 6.4.2 A segunda fonte de incerteza - a natureza das ações 79 6.4.3 A terceira fonte de incerteza - objetos também agem 81 6.5 Como escrever um relato descritivo de qualidade 83 6.6 Breve consideração dos aspectos éticos da pesquisa 86 7 SEGUINDO OS RASTROS DA ALIANÇA CINÉFILA 89 7.1 O software da Aliança 89 7.2 O site da Aliança 90 7.2.1 Menu principal 91 7.2.2 Menu secundário 91 7.2.3 Traduções em andamento 92 7.3 Regras da Aliança 93 7.4 Os grupos da Aliança 96 7.5 Seguindo os próprios rastros 98 7.6 Sete anos de Aliança: alguns depoimentos 102 7.7 Uma arqueologia da Aliança 105 7.8 Notas sobre três controvérias 110 7.8.1 A Qualidade das Legendas 110 7.8.1 Garganta Profunda e Explotation 114 7.8.2 Mudanças na condução do fórum 120 8 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 125 REFERÊNCIAS 128 11 1 INTRODUÇÃO Tenho recordações claras do contexto no qual fui apresentado à Aliança Cinéfila: foi numa sessão de “cinema” na casa de Pedro que, à epoca, dividia um apartamento com um casal de colegas de faculdade no Largo Dois de Julho, no centro da cidade de Salvador. Entre os amigos, todos tinham certo apreço pela sétima arte, mas Pedro era quem mais se encaixava no arquétipo do cinéfilo contemporâneo. Envolvido com a produção de cinema local, ele escrevia um blog sobre cinema e era um frequentador assíduo dos festivais locais, além de ser o único de nós a possuir um acervo particular razoável. Naquele dia, fui à casa de Pedro caminhando posto que morava próximo. Fiquei sabendo, ao chegar, que assistiríamos Chop Shop (2007), um filme dirigido por um jovem diretor americano de pais iranianos chamado Ramin Barani. Depois dos cumprimentos e de um breve bate-papo, acomodamo-nos todos na pequena sala de seu apartamento, uns no sofá outros no chão. Com as cortinas fechadas, a fim de diminuir o excesso de luz que entrava pela janela da sala, a sessão foi iniciada. O filme contava a história de Alejandro, um garoto órfão de origem latina que vivia e trabalhava em uma oficina de carros. Embora o cenário lembrasse muito a realidade das metrópoles latino-americanas, o roteiro desenrolava-se na periferia de Queens, em Nova York. Alejandro é um menino sagaz que teve que se tornar adulto precocemente a fim de providenciar uma vida melhor para ele e para sua irmã mais velha, Ismar. Além do seu trabalho regular na oficina onde trabalha e vive, Alejandro vende doces no metrô e faz “rolos” com filmes pirateados para engordar sua módica poupança, destinada à compra de uma van para que sua irmã possa vender empanadas. Ao término da sessão, surgiu-me uma forte curiosidade. Como não me recordava de ter visto qualquer divulgação sobre a obra, sequer na internet, perguntei a Pedro sobre a procedência daquela cópia. Para a minha surpresa, ele disse que havia baixado o filme pela internet, através de uma comunidade de compartilhamento de filmes. Na ocasião, seguiu dizendo tratava-se de um site onde era possível encontrar filmes antigos e raros, além de filmes fora do circuito 12 comercial brasileiro.
Recommended publications
  • Uila Supported Apps
    Uila Supported Applications and Protocols updated Oct 2020 Application/Protocol Name Full Description 01net.com 01net website, a French high-tech news site. 050 plus is a Japanese embedded smartphone application dedicated to 050 plus audio-conferencing. 0zz0.com 0zz0 is an online solution to store, send and share files 10050.net China Railcom group web portal. This protocol plug-in classifies the http traffic to the host 10086.cn. It also 10086.cn classifies the ssl traffic to the Common Name 10086.cn. 104.com Web site dedicated to job research. 1111.com.tw Website dedicated to job research in Taiwan. 114la.com Chinese web portal operated by YLMF Computer Technology Co. Chinese cloud storing system of the 115 website. It is operated by YLMF 115.com Computer Technology Co. 118114.cn Chinese booking and reservation portal. 11st.co.kr Korean shopping website 11st. It is operated by SK Planet Co. 1337x.org Bittorrent tracker search engine 139mail 139mail is a chinese webmail powered by China Mobile. 15min.lt Lithuanian news portal Chinese web portal 163. It is operated by NetEase, a company which 163.com pioneered the development of Internet in China. 17173.com Website distributing Chinese games. 17u.com Chinese online travel booking website. 20 minutes is a free, daily newspaper available in France, Spain and 20minutes Switzerland. This plugin classifies websites. 24h.com.vn Vietnamese news portal 24ora.com Aruban news portal 24sata.hr Croatian news portal 24SevenOffice 24SevenOffice is a web-based Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. 24ur.com Slovenian news portal 2ch.net Japanese adult videos web site 2Shared 2shared is an online space for sharing and storage.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Fountain Erasure-Recovery in Bittorrent
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI BERGAMO Facoltà di Ingegneria Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Ingegneria Informatica Classe n. 35/S – Sistemi Informatici Digital Fountain Erasure Recovery in BitTorrent: integration and security issues Relatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Stefano Paraboschi Correlatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Andrea Lorenzo Vitali Tesi di Laurea Specialistica Michele BOLOGNA Matricola n. 56108 ANNO ACCADEMICO 2007 / 2008 This thesis has been written, typeset and prepared using LATEX 2". Printed on December 5, 2008. Alla mia famiglia “Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?” “That depends a good deal on where you want to get to,” said the Cat. “I don’t much care where —” said Alice. “Then it doesn’t matter which way you go,” said the Cat. “— so long as I get somewhere,” Alice added as an explanation. “Oh, you’re sure to do that,” said the Cat, “if you only walk enough.” Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland Acknowledgments (in Italian) Ci sono molte persone che mi hanno aiutato durante lo svolgimento di questo lavoro. Il primo ringraziamento va ai proff. Stefano Paraboschi e Andrea Vitali per la disponibilità, la competenza, i consigli, la pazienza e l’aiuto tecnico che mi hanno saputo dare. Grazie di avermi dato la maggior parte delle idee che sono poi confluite nella mia tesi. Un sentito ringraziamento anche a Andrea Rota e Ruben Villa per l’aiuto e i chiarimenti che mi hanno gentilmente fornito. Vorrei ringraziare STMicroelectronics, ed in particolare il gruppo Advanced System Technology, per avermi offerto le infrastrutture, gli spa- zi e tutto il necessario per svolgere al meglio il mio periodo di tirocinio.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hidden Locality in Swarms
    13-th IEEE International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing The hidden locality in swarms John S. Otto and Fabian´ E. Bustamante Northwestern University {jotto,fabianb}@eecs.northwestern.edu Abstract—People use P2P systems such as BitTorrent to share We overcome the challenges of local peer discovery by an unprecedented variety and amount of content with others leveraging diurnal patterns and applying client-side techniques around the world. The random connection pattern used by to improve overall peer discovery. BitTorrent has been shown to result in reduced performance for users and costly cross-ISP traffic. Although several client-side Through an analysis of swarm population dynamics, we systems have been proposed to improve the locality of BitTorrent show that locality is present in swarms – if one looks at the traffic, their effectiveness is limited by the availability of local right time. For popular content swarms, 50% of ISPs seen in peers. the swarm have at least five local peers online during the ISP’s We show that sufficient locality is present in swarms – if peak hour. During an ISP’s peak hour, the relative fraction of one looks at the right time. We find that 50% of ISPs have at least five local peers online during the ISP’s peak hour, local peers – and therefore the local peer discovery rate – is typically in the evening, compared to only 20% of ISPs during typically 50% higher than the daily average. the median hour. To better discover these local peers, we show We evaluate client-side techniques that boost the peer how to increase the overall peer discovery rate by over two orders discovery rate by two orders of magnitude, enabling peers of magnitude using client-side techniques: leveraging additional to quickly discover online local peers.
    [Show full text]
  • JULIAN ASSANGE: When Google Met Wikileaks
    JULIAN ASSANGE JULIAN +OR Books Email Images Behind Google’s image as the over-friendly giant of global tech when.google.met.wikileaks.org Nobody wants to acknowledge that Google has grown big and bad. But it has. Schmidt’s tenure as CEO saw Google integrate with the shadiest of US power structures as it expanded into a geographically invasive megacorporation... Google is watching you when.google.met.wikileaks.org As Google enlarges its industrial surveillance cone to cover the majority of the world’s / WikiLeaks population... Google was accepting NSA money to the tune of... WHEN GOOGLE MET WIKILEAKS GOOGLE WHEN When Google Met WikiLeaks Google spends more on Washington lobbying than leading military contractors when.google.met.wikileaks.org WikiLeaks Search I’m Feeling Evil Google entered the lobbying rankings above military aerospace giant Lockheed Martin, with a total of $18.2 million spent in 2012. Boeing and Northrop Grumman also came below the tech… Transcript of secret meeting between Julian Assange and Google’s Eric Schmidt... wikileaks.org/Transcript-Meeting-Assange-Schmidt.html Assange: We wouldn’t mind a leak from Google, which would be, I think, probably all the Patriot Act requests... Schmidt: Which would be [whispers] illegal... Assange: Tell your general counsel to argue... Eric Schmidt and the State Department-Google nexus when.google.met.wikileaks.org It was at this point that I realized that Eric Schmidt might not have been an emissary of Google alone... the delegation was one part Google, three parts US foreign-policy establishment... We called the State Department front desk and told them that Julian Assange wanted to have a conversation with Hillary Clinton...
    [Show full text]
  • Operation D-Elite Results in Jail Time for Bittorrent Admin by Jessie B
    Operation D-Elite Results in Jail Time for BitTorrent Admin By Jessie B. Sweetland Daniel Dove, an administrator of EliteTorrent.org, a peer-to-peer (P2P) BitTorrent site was convicted on July 28, 2008 of one count each of conspiracy and copyright infringement for his involvement with the site. On September 9, 2008 Dove was sentenced to a term of 18 months of incarceration and a $20,000 fine. The FBI and the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) shut the site down on May 25, 2005 as part of Operation D-Elite. Agents of the FBI and ICE targeted EliteTorrent primarily for its illegal distribution of copyrighted movies. The Department of Justice reported that the site had a copy of Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith available for download six hours before it was shown in theatres. Users downloaded the movie 10,000 times within the following 24 hours. At its peak the site had over 125,000 users that downloaded approximately 700 movie titles over 1.1 million times. Several other BitTorrent sites have shut down in recent years, including LokiTorrent and SuprNova.org due to threats of legal action or a legal shut down. Shutting down BitTorrent sites does little to deter users of P2P networks. As quickly as one site shuts down users move to other sites, many of which are hosted outside of the United State and therefore are harder for the United States government to control. Dove’s conviction follows the convictions of several other administrators’ for the P2P network, including Grant Stanley and Scott McCausland who each received five months incarceration, followed by five months home confinement and a $3,000 fine.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The
    A Framework for Application Specific Knowledge Engines Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Lai, Guanpi Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 03:58:57 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204290 A FRAMEWORK FOR APPLICATION SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE ENGINES by Guanpi Lai _____________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF SYSTEMS AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2010 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Guanpi Lai entitled A Framework for Application Specific Knowledge Engines and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 4/28/2010 Fei-Yue Wang _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 4/28/2010 Ferenc Szidarovszky _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 4/28/2010 Jian Liu Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent
    [Show full text]
  • Gnutella Etc
    Uni Innsbruck Informatik - 1 Peer-to-Peer Systems Unstructured P2P File Sharing Systems Michael Welzl [email protected] DPS NSG Team http://dps.uibk.ac.at/nsg Institute of Computer Science University of Innsbruck, Austria Uni Innsbruck Informatik - 2 Unstructured vs. Structured P2P systems • Terms refer to information management: where are objects placed, how are they found? – Distributed “randomly“ across the network, with several replicas – Content source stays where it is – Structured P2P systems: rules bind content to (typically hash) keys, which are used as addresses (“document routing model“) • Systems like Napster, Gnutella etc. are unstructured • Three common models: – Centralized (also: “central server model“); e.g. Napster, BitTorrent –Pure; e.g. Gnutella 0.4, Freenet “flooded request model“ –Hybrid; e.g. Gnutella 0.6, Kazaa, JXTA Uni Innsbruck Informatik - 3 Development of P2P Applications 100% Freenet Direct Connect++ Shoutcast Carracho 90% Blubster Neo-M odus 80% FastTrack WinM X FastTrack Shoutcast 70% Audiogalaxy eDonkey2000 Hotline 60% Gnutella BitTorrent 50% 40% 30% datavolumes in per week % 20% edonkey BitTorrent Gnutella 10% 0% 18.02.2002 18.05.2002 18.08.2002 18.11.2002 18.02.2003 18.05.2003 18.08.2003 18.11.2003 18.02.2004 18.05.2004 18.08.2004 Data source: http://netflow.internet2.edu/weekly/ Traffic portions of the different P2P applications and protocols from the traffic measured per week in the Abilene backbone from 18.02.2002 until 18.010.2004 Uni Innsbruck Informatik - 4 Development of P2P applications
    [Show full text]
  • Online Music Communities: Challenging Sexism, Capitalism, and Authority in Popular Music
    ONLINE MUSIC COMMUNITIES ONLINE MUSIC COMMUNITIES: CHALLENGING SEXISM, CAPITALISM, AND AUTHORITY IN POPULAR MUSIC By PAUL ALEXANDER AITKEN, B.FA. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Paul Alexander Aitken, September 2007 MASTER OF ARTS (2007) McMaster University (Music Criticism) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Online Music Communities: Challenging Sexism, Capitalism, and Authority in Popular Music AUTHOR: Paul Alexander Aitken, B.FA. (York University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Christina Baade NUMBER OF PAGES: vii, 167 ii ABSTRACT With its almost exclusive focus on the economics of the music industry, the early-21 st century debate over digital music piracy has obscured other vital areas of study in the relationship between popular music and the Intemet. This thesis addresses some of these neglected areas, specifically issues of agency, representation, discipline, and authority; it examines each of these in relationship to the formation and maintenance different online music communities. I argue that contemporary online trends related to music promotion, consumption, and criticism are, in fact, part of a much larger socio-cultural re-envisioning of the relationships between artists and audiences, artists and the music industry, and among audience members themselves. The relationship between music and the Intemet is not only subversive on the level of economics. I examine these issues in three key areas. Independent women's music cOlmnunities challenge patriarchal authority in the music industry as they use online discussion forums and web sites to advance their own careers. The tension that exists between the traditional for-profit music industry and the developing ethic of sharing in the filesharing community creates the conditions whereby we can imagine aItemative ways that music can circulate in culture.
    [Show full text]
  • P2P and Bittorrent
    inf5040 - Presentation by group 1 nghial, baardehe, chricar 30.10.08 Goals of today After this lecture you should have a general understanding of what P2P and bittorrent is be able to recognize the main differences of bitTorrent and other P2P networks A way of organizing resource sharing in computer networks What is P2P? Server/client model Peer-to-peer model Characteristics of P2P networks Peers act as equals Peers function as both client and server No central server managing the network No central router Examples of ”pure” P2P networks Gnutella, Freenet (filesharing) In short Decentralization and multirole BUT! Most networks and applications described as P2P actually contain or rely on some non-peer elements History 1970 – SMTP, NNTP (Usenet) One process both server and client IBM, 1984 ”Advanced Peer to Peer Networking” Software for filesharing in a LAN 1990 – IRC (DCC), MBONE One client can both send and receive 1997 – Napster Created a lot of controversy Convicted because of the centralized file indexing Advantages of P2P networks Better performance and reliability compared to server/client scheme Popular resources will be available at several locations Principle of locality -> less delay and faster transmission Overlay routing Application layer routing (middleware) Two ways of searching for files Flooding DHT (Distributed Hash Table) Area of application Mostly used in ad hoc networks Often categorized by what it’s used for Filesharing Media streaming Telephony (skype) Discussion forums Used to distribute
    [Show full text]
  • Praktische Untersuchung Und Vergleich Von Gnutella, Kazaa, Edonkey Und Soulseek
    Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Praktische Untersuchung und Vergleich von Gnutella, KaZaA, eDonkey und SoulSeek Studienarbeit am Institut für Telematik Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Martina Zitterbart Fakultät für Informatik Universität Karlsruhe (TH) von cand. inform. Christian Wagner Betreuer: Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Martina Zitterbart Dr.rer.nat Thomas Fuhrmann Dipl.-Ing. Kendy Kutzner Tag der Anmeldung: 21. Juli 2003 Tag der Abgabe: 1. Dezember 2003 Institut für Telematik Ich erkläre hiermit, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbstständig verfasst und keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel verwendet habe. Karlsruhe, den 1. Dezember 2003 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ..................... 1.1 Gliederung der Arbeit....................................................................................... 1 " #to-Peer Netze ............................................................................. & 2.1 Geschichte ........................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Definition.......................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Modelle von P2P-Netzen.................................................................................. 5 2.3.1 P2P-Systeme mit einem zentralen Server................................................. 5 2.3.2 Dezentrale P2P-Systeme........................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Hybride P2P-Systeme..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Le Peer to Peer Un Autre M Odele Econom Ique Pour La M Usique
    LE PEER TO PEER UN AUTRE M ODELE ECONOM IQUE POUR LA M USIQUE Etude remise à l’Adami par TARIQ KRIM 16 juin 2004 2 Tariq Krim « Le Peer to Peer – Un autre modèle économique pour la musique », Etude Adami $ AVANT PROPOS...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 $ INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 PREMIERE PARTIE : UNE MISE EN PERSPECTIVE HISTORIQUE .................................................. 1 1 ETUDE DE CAS HISTORIQUES............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Cas n°1 : la musique enregistrée et le piano mécanique................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Aux Etats-Unis................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.2 En France......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Cas n°2 : La radio...................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • File Magic-I1180FB0.MAG
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Thursday, May 12, 2005 MPAA TAKES NEW ACTION AGAINST TV SHOW THIEVES Notes Decrease in BitTorrent Activity Since Recent Campaign Began Los Angeles -- In its ongoing effort to crack down on Internet thieves who steal the copyrighted creative works of its member studios, the Motion Picture Association of America, Inc. (MPAA) today announced that it is filing lawsuits against six highly trafficked BitTorrent websites responsible for the illegal swapping of millions of dollars of motion picture and television programming. This is the first time that the MPAA has targeted TV-oriented sites for illegally swapping TV shows which has become a serious and growing problem. An Internet-monitoring company called Envisional reported recently that TV show piracy increased by 150 percent just in the past year. “Internet thievery of all creative materials is unacceptable and these thieves need to realize they are not anonymous,” said MPAA President and CEO Dan Glickman. “There are thousands of people in the entertainment industry who are working to develop, produce, and promote television shows. Those shows and those jobs are worth protecting. Every television series depends on other markets-syndication, international sales – to earn back the enormous investment required to produce the comedies and dramas we all enjoy and those markets are substantially hurt when that content is stolen. On these sites, anyone in the world can download entire television seasons in a single click.” MPAA officials said they have been making progress in shutting down many of the BitTorrent sites that are dedicated to illegally swapping movies. Over 90 percent of the sites that have been sued have been shut down entirely.
    [Show full text]