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The Public Land Survey System for the Cadastral Mapper
THE PUBLIC LAND SURVEY SYSTEM FOR THE CADASTRAL MAPPER FLORIDA ASSOCIATION OF CADASTRAL MAPPERS In conjunction with THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE Proudly Presents COURSE 2 THE PUBLIC LAND SURVEY SYSTEM FOR THE CADASTRAL MAPPER Objective: Upon completion of this course the student will: Have an historical understanding of the events leading up to the PLSS. Understand the basic concepts of Section, Township, and Range. Know how to read and locate a legal description from the PLSS. Have an understanding of how boundaries can change due to nature. Be presented with a basic knowledge of GPS, Datums, and Map Projections. Encounter further subdividing of land thru the condominium and platting process. Also, they will: Perform a Case Study where the practical applications of trigonometry and coordinate calculations are utilized to mathematically locate the center of the section. *No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any matter whatsoever without written permission from FACM www.FACM.org Table Of Contents Course Outline DAY ONE MONDAY MORNING - WHAT IS THE PLSS? A. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW TO THE PLSS……………………………..…………1-2 B. SURVEYING IN COLONIAL AMERICA PRIOR TO THE PLSS………………...……..1-3 C. HISTORY OF THE PUBLIC LAND SURVEY SYSTEM…………………………….….…..1-9 1. EDMUND GUNTER……………………………………………………….………..…..…..……1-10 2. THE LAND ORDINANCE OF 1785…………………………………………..………….……..1-11 3. MAP OF THE SEVEN RANGES…………………………………….……………………………1-15 D. HOW THE PUBLIC LAND SURVEY SYSTEM WORKS………..………………………1-18 1. PLSS DATUM………..…………………………………………………….………………1-18 2. THE TOWNSHIP………..………………………………………………….………………1-18 DAY 1 MORNING REVIEW QUESTIONS……………………………………………..1-20 i Table Of Contents MONDAY AFTERNOON – SECTION TOWNSHIP RANGE A. -
Principal Meridian the Initial Point Of
The Initial Point of the Principal Meridian ovember 10, 2015 is an important date to nearly every American who owns land in the states of Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, North Dakota and in parts of Minnesota and South Dakota. Every surveyor in those states should stop for a moment, and with head bowed, remember every GLO Deputy Surveyor who surveyed on the U.S. Public Land Survey System (USPLSS). Why November 10, 2015? Because that will be 200 years to the day—the Bicentennial—of the establishment of the Initial Point for the 5th Principal Meridian. That initial point is “zero, zero,” the point to which practically all titles to the lands listed in the states above are referenced. More land in the United States is referenced to this point, in a swamp in eastern Arkansas, than any other Initial Point. From that point the township and range numbering systems begins for those states. It ends at the northwest corner of North Dakota, in Township 164 North, Range 103 West. See Figure 1. 1785–1815 The genesis of our USPLSS can be traced back to the Land Ordinance of May 20, 1785. The system’s first experiment was in the Seven Ranges of southeastern Ohio, then spread westerly being modified and improved into the Northwest Territories and beyond. Under the system, each large segment of land requires a North-South Principal Meridian and an East-West Base Line, the intersection of these lines being the Initial Point. These Initial Points are the “zero, zero” for the USPLSS, from which township and range numbering begins. -
PLSS) – Part 1 Lorraine Manz
The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) – Part 1 Lorraine Manz Introduction How the PLSS works The orderly network of roads and fences that divides the North Simply put, the PLSS (also referred to as the system of rectangular Dakota landscape into its familiar checkerboard of squares and surveys or rectangular survey system) divides land into 6- by rectangles (fi g. 1) is the result of a land survey system that has 6-mile square parcels called townships. Townships are subdivided been in use for more than two hundred years. into 36 sections, each a mile square and containing 640 acres or as close to that amount as possible. Figure 1. The method of survey that divides North Dakota into an orderly array of rectangular parcels like these near Northwood (bottom left) in Grand Forks County predates the U.S. Constitution. What we refer to today as the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) began with the Land Ordinance of 1785. The Revolutionary War had left the fl edgling United States deeply in debt, and with no power to levy taxes, the only feasible way for Congress to raise the millions of dollars needed to pay its creditors and put money in the treasury was through the sale of public lands. The areal extent of the public domain at that time was considerable and its disposal Figure 2. The Fifth Principal Meridian governs the surveys of all or part into private ownership would require the survey and division of of six states (shown in green). a region of more than 260,000 square miles of largely unmapped wilderness. -
Using the Township/Public Lands Survey System to Re-District
Subject: Using the township/public lands survey system to re-district--- reference info from Wikipedia Date: Monday, May 9, 2011 1:49 PM From: Tom Dorich To: <[email protected]> Conversation: Using the township/public lands survey system to re-district---reference info from Wikipedia Greetings: I've previously sent in a suggestion that the old rectangular township system be used as a gerrymander-resistant method of redictricting. Here's some reference info on it. (I'm not sure if the graphics from the original made it through the cut-and-paste process..... Public Land Survey SystemFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search [edit] Non-PLSS regionsThe system is in use in some capacity in most states, but not in Hawaii and Texas or any of the territory under the jurisdiction of the Thirteen Colonies at the time of independence, with the exception of the area that became the Northwest Territory and some of the Southern states. These exclusions are now Georgia, Connecticut, Delaware, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. Major exceptions to the application of this system in the remaining states: California, before statehood in 1850, surveyed only the boundaries of Spanish land grants (ranchos); since statehood the PLSS system has been used mostly throughout. Hawaii adopted a system based on the Kingdom of Hawaii native system in place at the time of annexation. Louisiana recognizes early French and Spanish descriptions called arpents, particularly in the southern part of the state, as well as PLSS descriptions. -
United States Public Land Survey System (Plss) Notes
IELSEB Land Surveying Syllabus and Bibliography 11/2016 Revision IOWA ENGINEERING AND LAND SURVEYING EXAMINING BOARD STATE SPECIFIC LAND SURVEYING EXAM SYLLABUS 200 E. GRAND AVE., SUITE 350 DES MOINES, IA 50309 515/725/9021 1 IELSEB Land Surveying Syllabus and Bibliography 11/2016 Revision Table of Contents Page No. Introduction 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY 3 THE UNITED STATES PUBLIC LAND SURVEY SYSTEM IN IOWA 5 Iowa Chronology to Statehood 5 References 7 Iowa Surveyors General 8 U.S. Public Land Survey System Instructions in Iowa 9 History of Sectionalized Surveys in Iowa 15 Control Lines in Iowa 20 Corner Monuments in Iowa 24 Lotting in Iowa 25 Iowa-Missouri Boundary 28 Iowa-Minnesota Boundary 31 East and West Boundaries 31 Center of Section in Iowa 31 Iowa Navigable and Nonnavigable Water Boundaries 37 Navigable/Nonnavigable Surface Waters 38 Source of Ownership of Navigable Waters 40 The Federal Test for Navigable Waters 41 State Tests for Navigable Waters 42 Navigable Waters in the Rectangular Land System 42 Meandered Rivers and Streams of Iowa 44 Established Road Widths 45 County Surveyor 47 Iowa Geodetic Survey 48 Records Research for Land Surveying in Iowa 49 2 IELSEB Land Surveying Syllabus and Bibliography 11/2016 Revision Introduction Iowa law requires that an applicant for licensure as a land surveyor be, at minimum, a graduate from a course of two years or more in mathematics, physical sciences, mapping and surveying, or engineering in a school or college with ten years of practical experience, all of which shall be satisfactory to the Iowa Engineering and Land Surveying Examining Board. -
Lonai Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS twm 10400 CMSNtfOMttft (Mv.frM) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service ITIQNAL HISTDRIC LANDMARrt^IOMINATION lonai Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for Individual properties or districts. See Instructions tn tor Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each Item by marking "x" In the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. If an Hem does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and aubcategories listed tn the Instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Property Louisiana Purchasjj* Survey Marker historic name Louisiana Purchase Initial Point Site other names/site number Louisiana Purchase Historic State Park 2. Location Junction of Lee. Phillins ft Monroe counties. 13 m. NW of Marvell on St. Hwv 362 street & number not for publication city, town ' . : ^ ^ "'" " * * "~, .-^'~ "*'•**? ^ •"''" - vtelnlty state Arkansas code AR - county Lee.PhilliDS.Monroe code 077,107,095 zip code 72069 3, Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property private bulldlng(s) Contributing Nonoontrlbutlng public-local district .buildings £ public-State 1 .sites _ public-Federal itructure .structures objact .objects Total Name of ralated multiple property listing: Number of contributing raaourctt previously N/A______________ listed In tha National Register 1____ 4. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this B nomination ED request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements aet forth In 36 CFR Part 60. -
Geographical Positions of Base Lines and Principal Meridians Governing the Public Surveys”
40 THE JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY January intervals, proving in many cases extremely destructive, those especially noted being in 1713, 1738, 174R, 1793, 1819, 1837, and the latest in 1898, the details of which are well remembered in its destructive effects in Porto Rico, as well as in the adjacent islands. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITIONS OF BASE LINES AND PRINCIPAL MERIDIANS GOVERNING THE PUBLIC SURVEYS” BY WILLIAM G. RAYMOND. HE system of rectangular surveying, authorized by law May 20, 1785, was first employed in the survey of United T States public lands in the state of Ohio. The boundary line between the states of Pennsylvania and Ohio, known as “Elliott’s line,” in longitude 80” 32‘ 20” west from Green- wich, is the meridian to which the first surveys are referred. The townships east of the Scioto River, in the state of Ohio, are numbered from south to north, commencing with No. 1 on the Ohio River, while the ranges are numbered from east to west, beginning with No. 1 on the east boundary of the state, except in the tract designated “U. S. military land,” in which the townships and ranges are numbered, respectively, from the south and east boundaries of said tract. During the period of one hundred and nine years since the organ- ization of the system df rectangular surveying, numbered and locally named principal meridians and base lines have been established, w follows : The fird principal meridian begins at the junction of the Ohio and Big Miami rivers, extends north on the boundary line between the states of Ohio and Indiana, and roughly approximates to the meridian of longitude 84” 48‘ 50” west from Greenwich. -
Public Land Survey System - GIS Wiki | the GIS Encyclopedia 12/9/14 8:51 PM
Public Land Survey System - GIS Wiki | The GIS Encyclopedia 12/9/14 8:51 PM Public Land Survey System From Wiki.GIS.com The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is a method used in the United States to survey and identify land parcels, particularly for titles and deeds of rural, wild or undeveloped land. Its basic units of area are the township and section. It is sometimes referred to as the rectangular survey system, although non rectangular methods such as meandering can also be used. The survey was "the first mathematically designed system and nationally conducted cadastral survey in any modern country" and is "an object of study by public officials of foreign countries as a basis for land reform." [1] The detailed survey methods to be applied for the PLSS are described in a series of Instructions and Manuals issued by the General Land Office, the latest edition being the "The Manual of Instructions for the Survey of the Public Lands Of The United States, 1973" available from the U.S. Government Printing Office. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) announced in 2000 an updated manual is currently under preparation. Contents 1 History of the system 1.1 Origins of the system 1.2 Applying the system 2 Non-PLSS regions 3 Mechanics 3.1 Survey design and protocol 3.2 Understanding property descriptions 4 Sizes of PLSS subdivisions 5 List of Meridians 6 Social impact 6.1 Education 6.2 Urban design 6.3 Popular culture 7 Notes 8 References 9 See also Figure 1. This BLM map depicts the principal meridians and baselines used for 9.1 Meridians in the United States surveying states (colored) in the PLSS. -
PLSS Cadnsdi Standard Domains of Values October 2014 - Updated May 2015
PLSS CadNSDI Standard Domains of Values October 2014 - Updated May 2015 Introduction The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) Cadastral National Spatial Data Infrastructure (CadNSDI) publication data set standards were finalized as Version 2 in October of 2012. A zipped file containing the database documentation and schema is posted in the Cadastral Subcommittee’s outreach page (http://www.nationalcad.org) In Version 2 of the standard the domains of values were listed as recommended or suggested. Since October of 2012 the PLSS data for 20 of the 30 Public Domain states have been reviewed and standardized. Through that process the domains of values have been more clearly articulated and defined. The Subcommittee felt that a complete review of PLSS data was necessary before the domain of values could be finalized and this milestone has been reached. This document provides the standardized domain of values for the elements with a standardized domain in PLSS CadNSDI data sets. Most of the domains include a code and description. As database and GIS technology advances there is less reliance on coded values and increased ability to use the text or description of an attribute. The codes and descriptions have been finalized and standardized, but the Subcommittee acknowledges that some implementations may choose to use only the description and not the associated code. In some cases the code is used as part of a concatenated unique identification key and users that chose to not capture the standard code along with the standard description will need to use the standard code to generate concatenated keys. Please note that because of the high degree of variability in the PLSS, not all codes and domains apply to all states. -
History of Land Surveying in South Dakota Can Hardly Be Addressed Without Some Review of the Events Prior to the Establishment of Dakota Territory
A BRIEF HISTORY OF LAND SURVEYS IN SOUTH DAKOTA Prepared by Robert S. Fodness, P.E., L.S. Prepared for South Dakota State Board of Technical Professions 2525 W. Main St., Suite 211 Rapid City, SD 57702 JANUARY 1994 INTRODUCTION The following historical account of Land Surveying in our state is intended to help educate the young developing surveyors, give a sense of where, when and how to aid the present practitioners in their retracements and to help non-resident registrants gain knowledge of the past in areas they may someday be asked to practice. The topic is treated in a broad sense in order to acquaint the practitioner with the beginnings of the survey systems within in our state. Time and resources do not permit expansion into more local accounts nor into the intervening types of practice that have been performed to date. It falls to each practitioner to become familiar with the history within his or her area of work. As such, we become historians, whether we retrace last year's monuments or those set over a hundred years ago. The commission wishes to thank Bob Fodness, P.E., L.S., for the research and preparation of this paper. In keeping with the scope and intent, much material had to be set aside for, perhaps, more detailed accounts in future publications. The commission would also like to thank the several authors who gave their permission to use their material. Editorial Note. Since the time when this paper was written in 1994, the name of the South Dakota State Commission of Engineering, Architectural and Land Surveying Examiners has been changed to the South Dakota Board of Technical Professions. -
Specifications for Descriptions of Land: for Use in Land Orders, Executive Orders, Proclamations, Federal Register Documents, and Land Description Data Bases
1 Office of Management and Budget United States Federal Geographic Data Committee Specifications for Descriptions of Land: For Use in Land Orders, Executive Orders, Proclamations, Federal Register Documents, and Land Description Data Bases United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Cadastral Survey CADASTRAL SUBCOMMITTEE REVISED 2013 2 Specifications for Descriptions of Land: For Use in Land Orders, Executive Orders, Proclamations, Federal Register Documents, and Land Description Data Bases WASHINGTON: 2013 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR For sale by the Public Land Survey System Foundation http://www.blmsurveymanual.org/ 3 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior (Department) has basic responsibilities for water, fish, wildlife, mineral, land, park, and recreational resources. Indian and Territorial affairs are other major concerns of America's “Department of Natural Resources.” The Department works to assure the wisest choice in managing all of the nation’s resources so each will make its full contribution to a better United States – now and in the future. The Department manages about 500 million acres, or one-fifth, of the land in the United States. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) manages more than 245 million surface acres and also administers more than 700 million acres of subsurface mineral estate and in all 50 States. The BLM is the Nation’s surveyor and maintains extensive current and historical information about land ownership in the United States. Most title to land, public or private, begins with a land description established by an original cadastral survey. Security of legal title to land is the fundamental object of the cadastral surveyor’s work. -
Iowa Farmland Legal Descriptions
Ag Decision Maker Iowa Farmland extension.iastate.edu/agdm Legal Descriptions File C2-85 The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is the meridian. T2N R2E is the second township north system used in Iowa to identify the location of of the base line and the second range east of the specific tracts of land for legal and other purposes. meridian. It is sometimes referred to as the “rectangular survey system.” Figure 1. Reference Points of Townships (meridians and base lines) Latitudes are horizontal lines (e.g. equator) and longitudes are vertical lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole. The geographic location of farmland is based on the distance east T2N T2N T2N T2N or west of the longitudinal reference lines called R2W R1W R1E R2E “Principal Meridians” and north or south of the T1N T1N T1N T1N latitudinal lines called “Base Lines.” R2W R1W R1E R2E Base Line Every county is subdivided into townships, just like every state is subdivided into counties. Every Principal Meridian township has a specific geographic location. For example, Figure 1 is an example of how townships Legend are referenced in relationship to a meridian and T = township W = west base line. T1N R1W is the first township north R = range E = east of the base line and the first range west of the N = north Figure 2. Bureau of Land Management map depicting The specific meridian the principal meridians and baselines used for surveying (longitudinal reference line) states (shaded) in the PLSS used in Iowa is the Fifth Principal Meridian that runs north and south along the eastern edge of Iowa.