West Midland Bird Club Annual Report No 55 1988 Kingfisher photographed at the River Avon, Welford, Warks by E Harvey. West Midland Bird Club Annual Report No 55 1988

Being the Annual Report of the West Midland Bird Club on the birds in the counties of , , and .

Contents

2 Officers and Committee 3 Editor's Report 3 Birds in 1988 17 Hon. Treasurer's Report and Financial Statement 20 Secretary's Report 21 Field Meeting Secretary's Report 21 Permit Secretary's Report 21 Membership Secretary's Report 22 Research Sub-Committee Report 22 Staffordshire Branch Report 23 Belvide Report 24 Ladywalk Report 25 Solihull Branch Report 26 A R M Blake — Obituary 27 Project Kingfisher — Caring for the Cole Valley — J Clarkson 32 'Herring Gulls, Glaucous Gulls and gulls in-between' — A R Dean 34 Status of Mediterranean Gulls in the West Midlands Region — A R Dean 39 Analysis of Retraps and Controls of Bullfinch, Goldfinch and Linnet ringed within the West Midland Bird .Club area — A £ Coleman 44 1988 Bird Record Localities 49 Classified Notes 165 Ringing in 1988 172 Key to Contributors 174 Species requiring descriptions

Price £4.00 2

Officers and Committee 1989 Proaidont C A Nui i is>, Biuukend House, wenafid, Worcestershire WR13 6NL Vice-President G C Lambourne, Melin Dan-y-rhiw, St Davids, Dyfed Chairman and A J Richards, 1 Lansdowne Road, Studley, Warwickshire Promotions and Fund B80 7JG Raising Committee Chairman Deputy Chairman G R Harrison, "Bryher", Hatton Green, Hatlon, and Research Warwir.ksh.irp CV35 7LA Committee Chairman Secretary H M MacGregor, 74 Ivyfield Road, Erdington, B23 7HH Treasurer K A Webb, Copper Beech Cottage, Bagot Street, Abbots Bromley, Staffordshire WS15 3DB Report Editor N P Barlow, Wood Cottage, 223 Main Road, Meriden, Coventry CV7 7JP Bulletin Editor P J Rollin, 48 Kiln Way, Polesworth, Tamworth, Staffordshire B78 1JE Membership D S Evans, 49 Inglewood Grove, Streetly, Secretary B74 3LN Field Meetings S H Young, 32 Carless Avenue, Harborne, Birmingham Secretary B17 9EL Permit Secretary Miss M Surman, 6 Lloyd Square, 12 Niall Close, Birmingham B15 3LX Ringing Secretary A E Coleman, 67 Park Lane, Bonehill, Tamworth, Staffordshire B78 3HZ Staffs Branch D W Emley, 3 Meadowside, Loggerheads, Market Drayton, Chairman Shropshire TF9 4RB Solihull Branch G A Morley, 64 Cambridge Avenue, Chairman Solihull, West Midlands B91 1QF Warwickshire S M Haynes, 4 Spinney Close, Old Arley, Recorder Coventry CV7 8PD Worcestershire S M Whitehouse, 5 Stanway Close, Rudyard Gardens, Recorder Blackpole, Worcester WR4 9XL Staffordshire Mrs G Jones, 4 The Poplars, Lichfield Road, Abbots Recorder Bromley, Rugeley, Staffordshire West Midlands R M Normand, 18 Hamstead Hall Avenue, Handsworth Recorders (Joint) Wood, Birmingham B20 1EY T Hextell, 49 Cradley Croft, Handsworth, Birmingham Main Committee R C Broadbent, S C Brown, E S Clare, Mrs D Dunstan, B L Kington, G M Lewis, D Mather, C F Nicholson, R M Normand, R W Skeates, J R Winsper Records Committee N P Barlow, S M Haynes, Mrs G Jones, W J Low, R M Normand, S M Whitehouse 3

Editor's Report We have elected to return this year to our original printers, Charles Clarke Printers Ltd. after a few difficulties with the previous company and things have run smoothly to date Particular thanks go to Steve Haynes, for all his help in editing. Thanks are also due to the artists — Martin Elliott, Richard Harbird, Roger Hancox, Phil Jones, John Martin and T. Parker — and the photographers — Charlie Brown, Eric Harvey and Phill Ward and of course the Recorders and their teams: Warwickshire: Steve Haynes. Worcestershire: Steve Whitehouse, Richard Harbird, Gavin Peplow, John Sirrett. Staffordshire: Gilly Jones, Dave Emley, Gordon Hayes, John Martin, Trevor Smart, Steve Welch, Bill Low. West Midlands: Bob Normand, Tim Hextell, Peter Forbes, Pete Hackett, Mark James. Migrant Arrivals and Departures: Steve Welch. Hotline: Eric Clare N P Barlow Birds in 1988 The most noticeable weather factors in 1988 were the remarkably mild spells during both winter periods and the generally cool summer, with a very wet July. There were no new species added to the Region's list, which is unusual, but 222 species were seen during the year (the same as 1986, 14 less than the record of 1987) and included Honey Buzzard, Least Sandpiper, Wilson's Phalarope, two Caspian Terns and a singing Bluethroat. January was mild, but frequently wet and windy, with a brief cold spell around the twenty-second. On the first, six Barnacle Geese arrived in the Kingsbury area and a Falcated Duck hybrid at Draycote caused identification problems well into February. A Mediterranean Gull was also found, at Westwood, staying until the twelfth. A Long-tailed Duck was present at Westport for two days, from the second and a Peregrine first seen, then, at Meaford , stayed well into March. A mixed flock of grey geese, present in the Wheaton Aston area since 1988, finally left on the third but three Barnacle Geese and six Scaup arrived at Blithfield for a long stay. There was another Mediterranean Gull, this time at Chasewater, a Short- eared Owl at Westwood and flocks of finches and buntings included 30 Bramblings at Gailey, 100 Yellowhammers at Farnborough and 140 at Hopwas. On the fifth, a Bittern occurred at Ladywalk (one of four noted around this time, nationally, away from breeding sites) and two Rock Pipits appeared at Blithfield, staying for most of the month. The mild weather encouraged eight Bearded Tits to stay at Brandon and good numbers of Stonechats to overwinter; and in spite of it, there were still up to eight different Glaucous Gulls seen during the month at Draycote, with three each at 4

Chasewater, Coton and in the West Midlands county. A Long-eared Owl was also present at Park Hall Country Park. Few grebes and even fewer divers occurred, nationally, inland, so a Red-throated Diver at Kingsbury on the seventh and a Red- necked Grebe at Copmere the following day were both unusual. The Black-throated Diver at Chasewater departed a few days later. Interesting finds between the seventh and thirteenth included a Firecrest at Burton Manor, a flock of 200 Tree Sparrows at Blithfield, a Bean Goose and three Pinkfeet at Tittesworth (and five over Branston three days later), five Whooper Swans at and a Crossbill at Beaudesert; different Iceland Gulls were seen at Chasewater and Westport, with a flock of 340 Great Black-backed Gulls at the former; and Short-eared Owls were found at Brandon and Coton, one at the latter being mobbed by a Peregrine. Eight Hawfinches at Chase on the fifteenth increased in number as the month went on, but a flock of 150 Siskins at Brandon was the largest in the Region in the first winter period, when they were generally scarce. Only one Water Pipit occurred at Wilden during the month. Flocks of over 350 Chaffinches were present at Astley, Aqualate and Mill Green, but Bramblings were not so common and flocks of 200 at Mill Green, 45 at Himley and 18 at Sutton Park were noteworthy.

Cold weather around the twenty-second brought snow, together with a scattering of Bewick's Swans and the flock of Barnacle Geese at Bitteil rose to over 100. A Little Gull at Draycote was unusual and the overwintering Common Sandpiper there remained, despite the cold spell. Flocks of over 150 Skylarks were good counts at and Stourport. The cold weather soon cleared, which must have been a relief to a pair of Blackbirds feeding young in Stratford! Despite generally low duck numbers, there were still 1190 Wigeon (a record 9000 were also at Martin Mere, Lancashire) and 909 Ruddy Ducks at Blithfield and plover numbers were also good, with flocks of over 3000 Lapwings noted at a number of localities and 1000 Golden Plovers at both Bredon and Dordon. At the end of the month, three Twite were an unusual find at Queslett, a male Merlin was first seen at Essington and the same or another Bittern occurred at Ladywalk, remaining for some time. The majority of February was mild, but moist, as a series of fronts moved across the country and it was generally quiet for birds. On the second, an extraordinary 161 Magpies were seen to go to roost at Edgbaston. On the sixth a solitary Knot arrived at Draycote for a short stay, and on the seventeenth, 12 Brambling were present at Brandon. 2000 Fieldfares at North End on the ninth were part of good numbers. On the tenth, a Little Auk was found in an exhausted state on the road near Flash and later released at Tittesworth; its occurrence resulted from strong winds the previous day and a number of others were found, nationally, most unfortunately, dead. During the month, two to three Short-eared Owls were present at and up to ten in the Kingsbury area. On the eleventh, there was a Hen Harrier at Castlemorton Common and a Merlin at Alvecote. Two White-fronted Geese stopped at Kingsbury on the fourteenth and the following day a Firecrest was found at Lowsonford. On the eight©©nth, a Red- 5

breasted Merganser arrived for a long stay, at Blithfield and two days later the mild weather prompted the arrival of the first Oystercatcher, part of a good spring passage. There were possibly seven different Iceland Gulls in Staffordshire during the month; 40000 Black-headed, 3000 Lesser Black-backed and a Mediterranean Gull were at Draycote. A Great Grey Shrike at Cannock Chase was one of only six recorded nationally. An anticyclone in the Atlantic, having brought mild weather from the sixteenth to the twenty-second, altered position bringing in cold north to north-westerly winds, with snow showers, until the end of the month but few new birds were noted Four Blackcaps occurred together at Halesowen, on the twenty-fifth and a few wintering Chiffchaffs were also recorded. On the twenty-seventh, there were 72 Bewick's Swans at Bredon's Hardwick, though numbers fluctuated markedly there. There was a Long-eared Owl at Kingsbury on the same day. Next day, 200 Kittiwakes at Blithfield and 30 in the Sandwell Valley heralded an unprecedented passage in March.

Kittiwakes

oner

The anticyclone to the west of the British Isles continued to draw cold north to north- westerly winds down across the country during the early part of March and this wet and unsettled weather persisted until the thirteenth. The only birds of note for the first twelve days included a Merlin at Upton Warren, on the second and on the third, an early Black-necked Grebe at Arrow Valley Lake and more unusual, a Spotted Crake at Doxey. The Bittern was last seen at Ladywalk on the fourth. 113 Kittiwakes 6

passed through Blithfield on the sixth, but the main part of the remarkable passage of this species occurred on the twelfth and thirteenth. An active front, orientated northwest-southeast across the Midlands, halted or at least slowed passage and aside from good numbers outside the Region, flocks, almost entirely of adults, included 76 at Draycote and 41 at Ladywalk and totals of 59 in Worcestershire and over 300 in Staffordshire. Also on the twelfth, six Barnacle Geese arrived at Bredon's Hardwick, staying into April, a pair of Snow Buntings were at Boarsgrove and there was a Mediterranean Gull at Draycote again: a Regional record count of 35 Jack Snipes was made, along with 150 Snipe, at Sandwell Valley, coinciding with a build-up of the latter in the Region. The following day, a Crossbill flew over Kinver and two Hawfinches were seen in The Wyre. A count of 98 Mute Swans at Catholme was noteworthy, as were concentrations of over 70 Cormorants at Kingsbury and Blithfield, with good numbers of the latter, inland, elsewhere in the country. There was also a Merlin at Throckmorton, one of three in Worcestershire during the month. Warmer westerly weather returned from the fourteenth, no doubt hastening the departure of the four White-fronted Geese from Tittesworth and bringing in an early Chiffchaff to The Somers. Most unusual was an Alpine Swift, found grounded at Rowley Regis on the sixteenth and then taken to Sandwell Valley to recuperate. Unfortunately, it later died whilst being flown back to Portugal. It was one of fourteen sightings in the country in March. Also on the sixteenth, the first Black- tailed Godwit of the spring was seen, at Bredon's Hardwick. A high pressure zone brought clear cold weather for two days from the seventeenth but no noteworthy birds. Warmer weather arrived from the south-east immediately afterwards but for only two days and strong westerlies then occurred until the twenty-sixth, when they began to change to cold northerlies. The weather from the nineteenth to the twenty-eighth was suitable enough for early migrants to appear, with a Tree Pipit and Wheatears on the twentieth, Sand Martin and Swallow on the twenty-first, Little Ringed Plover on the twenty-second, White Wagtail on the twenty-sixth, Ring Ouzels on the twenty-seventh and Cuckoo and Willow Warbler on the twenty-eighth. The Region was lucky enough to benefit from the influx of over 40 Red Kites into the country between the seventeenth and thirtieth. They were probably returning eastern European birds, blown across on strong south-easterly winds on the eighteenth and nineteenth. The first of four was at Upton-upon-Severn on the twentieth, with others at Astley Bury on the twenty-fourth, Essington on the twenty- sixth and Solihull on the twenty-eighth. Scaup and wintering Bearded Tits left the Region between the twentieth and the end of the month. A gull, resembling Thayer's, at Chasewater set the observer a puzzle on the twenty-third. The change to more northerly winds probably held up 3500 Common Gulls and 84 Kittiwakes at Draycote on the twenty-sixth and seventh. Water Pipits were seen at Lea Marston and Upton Warren, coinciding with a trickle elsewhere in the country. On the twenty-seventh, there was an early Sandwich Tern at Westport and 18 7

Redshanks at and a marked movement of Meadow Pipits took place through the Region. The Hawfinch flock at Chase End Hill, peaked at 16 and two were also present at Hillditch Coppice. The month closed as the northerlies eased with the first Blackcap and House Martin, but subsequent passage of the latter was poor. April started cool, mostly with light easterly breezes. Despite this, most migrants arrived early. On the first, there was a Garganey at Ripple (with a pair at Elford the next day), an Osprey over Chillington and the first Yellow Wagtail. On the second, a pair of Black-necked Grebes graced Chasewater and there was a Merlin at Hen Cloud, with another at Chasewater a few days later. Another Osprey was seen on at least two occasions in the Packington area from the fourth to the sixth. The first Whimbrel on the sixth started a good spring passage of that species and a Common Sandpiper was at Westport the following day. Interesting gull passage over the following days involved the first Little Gull of a good spring movement, at Kingsbury, two summer plumaged Mediterranean Gulls at Draycote and Iceland Gulls at Chasewater and Kingswood. From the eighth, there was a Firecrest at Belvide for two days and eleven Jays together at Sandwell Valley were of note. On the ninth and tenth, more migrants arrived: nine Wheatears at Dunstall Park, four Ring Ouzels at Walton Hill and the first Sedge Warbler and Whitethroat. There were also ten Bramblings in The Wyre. Unsettled weather arrived from the south on the eleventh and twelfth, bringing in the first Arctic and Common Terns, Garden Warbler and Redstart. The last Goosander left Blithtield and the first of three Spoonbills in the Region occurred at Upton Warren, with up to ten others elsewhere in the country. More settled weather from the thirteenth led to further arrivals of migrants over the proceeding two days, including Hobby, Whinchat, Grasshopper Warbler and Pied Flycatcher. 13 Ring Ouzels and two Ravens were seen on the Malverns on the fourteenth and a sizable flock of 200 Redpolls at Hazelslade included a Mealy. By the middle of the month, the last Short-eared Owls had left the Kingsbury and Bermuda areas. Wader passage by then had included up to 14 Ruff at Belvide (but few elsewhere) and a small movement of Black-tailed Godwits. Further unsettled weather developed between the sixteenth and twenty-first, though migration, at least for non-passerines, proceeded relatively unabated. On the sixteenth, Doxey held the second Spoonbill of the month and a pair of Garganey, there was a Merganser at Westport, a Marsh Harrier at Mayfield and a Spotted Redshank at Kingsbury, with others at Sandwell Valley and Upton Warren over the next few days. Ten White Wagtails at Bredon's Hardwick, four Redstarts at Fens Pools and the last Redwings, at Belvide, were also of note. On the eighteenth, there was a Merlin at Belvide, the first Swifts were recorded and over the next few days, Sanderlings started to appear. The first Black Tern of a good spring passage appeared on the nineteenth and passerine numbers included 27 Wheatears at Sandwell Valley and seven Grasshopper Warblers at Brandon. The first Lesser Whitethroats, Nightingale and Reed Warbler arrived as the Barnacle Geese left Bredon's Hardwick. 8

Anticyclonic weather returned on the twenty-second, bringing with it a Black- necked Grebe to Westwood, the first of seven Bar-tailed Godwits at Belvide, together with two Sandwich Terns there, more Wheatears and the first Wood Warbler. The twenty-third was, nationally, a day of strong passage. There was an Osprey and Spoonbill at Kingsbury. Seven Little Gulls occurred at Draycote and aside from the first Turtle Dove, White Wagtails were noted in double figures at a number of places and there was an influx of Tree Pipits, Whinchats, Wheatears, Ring Ouzels and Yellow Wagtails (160 at Draycote for example). Sand Martins and Swallows also passed through in encouraging numbers. Two Marsh Harriers and two Ospreys were recorded over the next few days and on the twenty-ninth a Wood Sandpiper at Belvide was joined by the first ever Nightingale there. Common and Arctic Tern passage was marked, both locally and nationally, at the end of the month, with over 100 of the latter through Staffordshire. On the twenty- eighth, there was a Black Redstart at Draycote and on the thirtieth, interesting species included two Bar-tailed Godwits and two Little Terns, up to live Ring Ouzels at Essington, eight Lesser Whitethroats at Brandon and 100 Redpolls in The Wyre. The weather in May was fairly settled and dry, but cool, and there were few fronts. High pressure over northern Europe between the sixth and sixteenth brought mixed winds but in parts of the country easterlies prevailed. The first brought Spotted Redshank, Wood Sandpiper, two Little Terns and further Little Gulls. A Marsh Harrier was seen again at Branston on the second and more Whlmbrel passed through, with up to six at Bredon's Hardwick and three a few days later at Sheepwash U.P. The last Fieldfare also occurred on the second and a few lingering Brambling flocks were found. Little movement occurred again until the sixth, when the south-easterlies started to affect passage. An Osprey, first seen on that day at Ragley, remained in south-east Worcestershire until June. The first, albeit late Spotted Flycatcher was also noted. The seventh, eighth and ninth were productive, particularly for waders. Birds of note included two Garganey, five Grey Plover at Draycote and others elsewhere, a Temminck's Stint at Wasperton (one of three there and another later at Draycote), a number of Wood Sandpipers and Turnstone (seven at Draycote on the eighth for example), Marsh Harrier, Little Tern and strong Black Tern passage. Four Crossbills were at Trimpley, there was another Firecrest at Belvide and a Caspian Tern paused briefly at Seeswood Pool. It was one of at least five seen inland over those two days. Further wader passage over the next few days included good numbers of Oystercatchers and small parties of Sanderlings. On the twelfth, there were two small flocks of Common Scoters at both and Tittesworth and over the following days pairs of Black-necked Grebes were present at both Blithfield and Sheepwash U.P., with a single at Belvide. There was a very late Brent Goose at Westwood on the thirteenth and a pair of Garganey at Brandon. The south-easterlies were particularly strong from the thirteenth to the sixteenth and led to marked falls of northern and eastern European migrants on the east 9

coast and particularly in the northern isles. The Midlands usually misses out but on this occasion observers tracked down a Wryneck at Radford, a Red-backed Shrike at Frankley and a singing Bluethroat at Knotbury. Other records included single Red Kite, Osprey and Marsh Harrier, Black Terns, Spotted Redshanks and Wood Sandpipers and a remarkable flock of 50 Turtle Doves over Bentley. Cool northerly winds replaced the easterlies for three days from the seventeenth and aside from a few Garganey, there were few birds of note. By the twentieth, the weather had changed again with a variable mixture of cool south to south-westerlies, alternating occasionally with easterlies, particularly further north but there was little further passage. The few noteworthy birds included a Little Tern, two Knot and the first Quail and Nightjar on the twenty-fourth and twenty-seventh respectively. A Corncrake called for two days at Offenham on the twenty-eighth and at the end of the month a flock of 15 Twite were found at Knotbury.

The westerlies persisted into early June and a Cetti's Warbler was found at Netherton Reservoir on the second and Merlin at Knotbury on the third. By the fourth, the anticyclone in the Atlantic moved further north, drawing in cool northerly and north-easterly winds and these remained in place for most of the month, birding being fairly quiet. On the fifth, a Peregrine returned to Meaford Power Station and a Marsh Harrier was seen again at Upton Warren in a good spring for this species. The eighth produced the second Caspian Tern for the year which made a typically brief visit, 10

this time to Westport and was one of possibly eight recorded in the country at that time. The eleventh and twelfth were slightly more lively; a Merlin occurred at I he Roaches, and an Avocet was at Kingsbury with two at Upton Warren, one of these then moving on to Chew Valley Lake, Avon. Small parties of Redshanks at Blithfield and Kingsbury were presumably returning birds. A Hawfinch was an interesting find at Wickhamford on a couple of occasions. 12 Crossbills were at Hanchurch Hills on the fifteenth and Warwickshire's first Cetti's Warbler took up temporary residence at Kingsbury from the sixteenth to the twenty-seventh. Other waders drifting back early towards the end of the month included Spotted Redshank, Whimbrel and Bar-tailed Godwits, with flocks of 10 and 20 of the latter at Barton and Blithfield respectively. Seven Common Scoters passed through on the twenty- sixth, part of national movement that day. On the twenty-seventh, westerlies returned, but two Crossbills at Broadway were the only records to the end of the month. July was basically wet, in fact the wettest for 50 years, the result of persistent Atlantic depressions crossing the country, bringing cool south-westerlies in for much of the month. The main feature was, typically, returning wader passage, though numbers and frequency were lower than usual due to high water levels. Nevertheless, 21 Oystercatchers at Ladywalk, on the first, were the Region's highest ever flock. On the fourth, early returning Redstarts were found at Smethwick and Sandwell Valley and small parties of Black-tailed Godwits occurred at Branston and Upton Warren. A Mediterranean Gull, first found at Larford on the seventh, moved subsequently to Upton Warren and occasionally Bittell and remained well into August. Belvide had an Osprey on the ninth, with a Little Tern there on the same day and another at Bittell on the twelfth. Over the next few days there were a few Spotted Redshanks and Whimbrels, Green Sandpipers built up to good totals in familiar haunts and post-breeding Lapwing flocks formed. Due to the mild winter, higher than usual numbers of birds survived to breed and despite the generally poor weather, both resident and migrant birds showed good breeding success. Large herds of Mute Swans (138 at Alvecote and 72 at Blithfield) suggested encouraging breeding results and Lesser Black-backed Gulls bred in both Birmingham and Worcester. An exhausted Gannet at Maer Heath was an unusual find on the fifteenth. The same day, Golden Plovers at Cowsden and Sandwell Valley were remarkably early and the first Little Stint, at Belvide, commenced an excellent passage for this species. A small but very early passage of Siskins was noted in the Region on the eighteenth but movement was thin thereafter, aside from a few Wood Sandpipers and gatherings of Swifts. A Crossbill at Kinver on the twenty-sixth was the second in the Region during the month and did coincide with others further north in the country, these suggesting dispersal from Europe. Quail were noted ata number of localities at the end of the month. The wet weather of July ended abruptly at the start of August, with a high pressure area in mid-Atlantic bringing gentle cool northerlies until the fourth. Passage remained quiet but a Raven at Belvide on the first was unusual. A Spotted Redshank 11

at Upton Warren and a Little Tern at Blithfield were followed by a further Red Kite, this time over Edgbaston Cricket Ground, on the fourth.

As the anticyclone moved eastwards, southerlies developed giving, at last, a period of warm weather. Slowly, passage gathered momentum. Two more Little Stints arrived on the sixth and a Crossbill flew over Astley Gorse. Notable passage in Worcestershire on the seventh included good numbers of Wheatears and Lesser Whitethroats and on the following day strong Tern passage included 22 Sandwich at , 22 Common at Blithfield and two Littles at Westport. The first Curlew Sandpipers of the autumn occurred at Coton on the ninth, a prelude to a remarkable nationwide autumn passage and good numbers occurred at all major reservoirs throughout August and September. The same day a small fall of Willow Warblers led to a count of 30 at Sheepwash U P. Three more Crossbills passed through on the tenth, this time at Kingstanding and over the next few days, Peregrines were sited at five different locations From the eleventh, pressure declined and unsettled weather persisted, largely, for the rest of the month, with brief spells of better conditions around the sixteenth and twenty-fifth. The highlight of the month was a Least Sandpiper at Upton Warren from the thirteenth to the fifteenth; approximately 1000 birders visited the reserve during the stay, well marshalled by a team of volunteers. August proved to be the best-ever month this side of the Atlantic for this species and "our" bird may have been the one 12

seen later at Steart, Somerset. An unidentified Skua also passed through the reserve and on the same day a Cetti's Warbler appeared for the first time at Church Lench Pool. Yellow Wagtail and Redstart passage built up over the next fortnight and Sanderlings, Redshanks and Spotted Redshanks all appeared. Low water levels at Draycote attracted up to ten Ruff but generally it was a poor autumn for this species. A Corncrake called at and two Little Terns passed through Bittell on the seventeenth and on the eighteenth a different Marsh Harrier was at Upton Warren and 18 Common Terns at Chasewater. An Arctic Skua at Bredon's Hardwick on the nineteenth was part of a good autumn passage for this group of birds, particularly on the east coast. Heavy overnight rain on the twentieth produced some good birds the following day, including Honey Buzzard at Belvide, Osprey at Hill Ridware, Merlin at Merridge, Knot at Chasewater, 26 Arctic Terns at Bittell and two Grasshopper Warblers at Sandwell Valley. Further wader passage until the end of the month included three Bar-tailed Godwits at Elford, Purple Sandpiper at Bittell and further Knot and Spotted Redshanks. There were at least four Red-crested Pochards in Staffordshire at this time and in the last week, strong passerine passage included at least seven Tree Pipits and 16 Spotted Flycatchers at Sandwell Valley and good numbers of Phylloscopus warblers generally, including the last Wood Warbler. An impressive gathering of an estimated 30000 Swallows at Doxey on the thirtieth is the largest ever recorded in the Region. September produced a real mixed bag of weather. It started with an unsettled period as a depression off west Scotland brought in high northwest-to-westerly winds. Between the second and fifth there was an Arctic Skua at Upton Warren, at least three Manx Shearwaters (of at least 30 inland), one Leach's Petrel (of five inland) and a Shag. Passerines included notable movements of Whinchats, Redstarts and Whitethroats and the last Nightjar and Grasshopper Warbler. There was also a Black-necked Grebe at Bittell and good numbers of Turnstones. From the fifth, pressure rose, hastening an excellent Tern passage, with for example 32 Commons through Bittell and during the seventh and eighth double figure counts of Black Terns were made at many large waters, though none compared with the incredible 450 at Chew Valley Lake. On the ninth, four Little Gulls were at Draycote, the last Cuckoo was noted, along with final Swift departure and a Wryneck was a good find at Castlemorton Common, part no doubt of the large fall on Orkney and Shetland at the start of the month. Garganey, Long- and Short-eared Owls all appeared over the next few days. Pressure declined from the tenth as an anticyclone to the west led to cold northerlies for ten days. An early Bearded Tit visited Kingsbury on the eleventh and the following day there was a Mediterranean Gull at Bittell, Little Gull at Westwood and a roost of 73000Swallows at Ford Green. Draycote proved to be good all month and on the thirteenth there was Purple Sandpiper, four Arctic Skuas (with one the next day) and Sandwich Tern there. The next day saw a small arrival of Grey Plovers in the Region and again at Draycote, a Wilson's Phalarope was found (one 13

of seven nationally), remaining for at least a week. On the fifteenth, a Corncrake was spotted skulking on the edge of an unharvested corn crop at Packington, coinciding with scattered records elsewhere. There was also an influx of Lesser Black-backed Gulls, with 2000 counted at Throckmorton Tip. 100 Siskins at Mill Green was an early notable count and this species was commoner and more widely distributed in the latter part of the year. Further good passage on the sixteenth involved a Pectoral Sandpiper at Sandwell Valley, the start of Ring Ouzel movement on the Malverns, later peaking at seven and late Pied Flycatchers at Dudley and Fillongley. Curlew Sandpiper and Little Stint passage continued strongly and Common Sandpipers and Dunlins appeared in good numbers, with over 100 of the latter at Chasewater. There was a Mediterranean Gull at Westport on the seventeenth and a well watched Black- necked Grebe graced Bradnocks Marsh from the eighteenth to the twenty-ninth. There was also a Garganey at Holt, another Purple Sandpiper at Draycote, a Long- eared Owl at Coven and a pair of Ravens on the Malverns, these staying to the year's end.

A further Leach's Petrel was at Westport on the nineteenth, the first Fieldlare was at Mill Green and 37 Little Grebe at Larford was a good count. The following day, a Golden Oriole was'an excellent find at Draycote and on the twenty-first there was a Mediterranean Gull there. Good numbers of Chiffchaffs and Goldcrests occurred at this time and flocks of 300 Goldfinches at Grimley and 880 Linnets at Church Lench were remarkable. Winds turned south-westerly from the twenty-first, bringing rain and strong winds. Sheepwash U.P. held Spotted Crake and up to three Water Rail and on the twenty- fourth there was an Arctic Skua at Branston. At Westwood the following day there was a Shag and another Spotted Crake, this time at Sandwell Valley was part of good national recording for this species. Remarkable passage took place at Draycote on the twenty-fifth, with the arrival of a Pectoral Sandpiper, Grey Phalarope and 40 Sandwich Terns (with 28 later at Upton Warren). The last Hobby and Lesser Whltethroat were also recorded, but Whinchats were still to be seen in good numbers and strong Meadow Pipit passage was in evidence. There was another Red Kite, over Charlton this time, on the twenty-eighth and a Grey Phalarope at Chasewater and a Red-necked Phalarope at Shustoke were no doubt a result of the strong winds. The first Jack Snipe and Redwing occurred at this time, together with scattered Rock Pipits, three Barnacle Geese at Blithfield and a pair of Mergansers at Branston. October started off well, with an anticyclone covering most of . Birding was fairly quiet. Over the first five days birds included a Sandwich and the last Common Terns, the first Goosander, a Garganey, Little Ringed Plover and a number of Rock Pipits. A depression over Scotland moved south on the sixth bringing strong north- westerlies until the tenth and these were no doubt responsible for the Arctic Skua at Doxey and Sandwell and the Great Skua at Chasewater, both on the seventh and a Grey Phalarope at Belvide on the eighth and ninth. The last Yellow Wagtail and Redstart and the first of the few Bramblings also occurred at this time. The tenth 14

produced a Hen Harrier in the Sherbrook Valley and also the last Arctic Tern and significant Pied Wagtail roosts included over 400 at both Branston and Sheepwash U.P. The anticyclone re-established itself between the eleventh and twenty-sixth, bringing warm south-easterly winds. A Barn Owl, over Walsall Town F.C., proved some compensation for an observer after his side's 3-1 defeat by Liverpool! Single Short-eared Owls were recorded in mid-month, together with the last Chiffchaff and a very late Turtle Dove. There was a Slavonian Grebe at Draycote on the fourteenth and a Shag at B.lithfield the next day. Crossbills were present in The Wyre and at Kinver and a different Hen Harrier was seen in the Sherbrook Valley. Gdod numbers ot Ringed Plovers were still evident at Chasewater and Draycote and late Little Gulls passed through a few waters in mid-month. Stonechats were also seen in widely scattered localities. On the twenty-first, a Peregrine was first seen at Belvide and a Bittern stayed at Ladywalk for five days from the twenty- second. The last House and Sand Martins were recorded and Short-eared Owls and Bearded Tits (noted widely) were found at a number of localities. A Black-necked Grebe at Blithfield on the twenty-fifth was followed a day later by a Long-tailed Duck at Westwood. From the twenty-eighth, cold northerly air brought a drop in temperature and resulted in further movement. 146 Barnacle Geese arrived at Bittell (most staying until the year's end), the first Scaup was at Coton, flocks of Pink-footed Geese were found in North Staffordshire and a Long-tailed Duck occurred at Upton Warren. Probable migrant Blackcaps and a late Reed Warbler were located and a Hoopoe was an unexpected find at Park Hall C P., part of a late influx of this species. Redwings arrived in some numbers in late October and early November but they had soon raided berry crops and moved on. The cold weather quickly vanished at the start of November as anticyclones gave warm south-easterlies until the eighth. There was a Snow Bunting at Happy Valley on the first and on the second, a Bittern at Finstall and a pair of Mergansers at Belvide. Long-tailed Ducks were found in excellent numbers on the east coast and singles were seen at Shustoke, Seeswood and Blithfield over the third and fourth. Also on the third, a Waxwing at Whittington, heralded the start of excellent numbers and although a few Wheatears lingered longer, the last Ring Ouzel left the Malverns the same day. Due to the mild weather, a Little Stint took up residence at Blithfield from the fourth until the year's end and there was a late Greenshank at Bittell. A few Black Redstarts were seen in widely scattered localities and other late migrants included Swallow, Redstart, Sedge and Garden Warblers. 24 Brambling at Little Comberton on the fifth was one of only a few reasonable counts and a Twite at Westport the same day was a good find. On the sixth and seventh, Doxey held a Spotted Crake and there were up to three Long-eared Owls at Park Hall. Black- headed Gulls had built up to an impressive 20000 at Blithfield. Between the ninth and twelfth, very windy weather occurred from the west but seemed to have little effect on passage. Two different Water Pipits were at Wilden on the eleventh and on the twelfth a late Black-tailed Godwit was at Blackpole, a Mediterranean Gull at Draycote and the Hoopoe left Park Hall. 15

Milder weather from the twelfth to seventeenth brought in few birds, though a Slavonian Grebe at Draycote and a Snow Bunting at Brades Hall on the thirteenth were new in. Flocks at this time included 1000 Teal at Blithfield, 1100 Golden Plovers at Coton and Bredon, 95 Reed Buntings at The Somers and 250 Linnets at Draycote. High pressure to the west of the British Isles on the eighteenth led to a marked drop in temperature associated with northerly winds and over the next few days astonishing passage occurred, particularly on the nineteenth. It was dominated by the flock of 18 Red-throated Divers flying and calling around Belvide, 3 of which stayed. It must have been an incredible and memorable sight and took place at the same time as exceptional numbers built up on the east coast. Small parties of Bewick's Swans were seen heading south, including 50 over and Scaup numbers increased at a number of waters. Small parties of Common Scoter were present at at least five sites on the nineteenth but on the twentieth, 72 at Draycote and 90 over Sheepwash U.P. were remarkable. A further scattering of Short-eared Owls occurred in the Region and southern counties generally, four Bar-tailed Godwits and three Ruff were at Blithfield, a Pectoral Sandpiper arrived for a two day stay at Bredon's Hardwick; and on the twenty-first a Little Auk was found at White Ladies Aston at the same time as a significant east coast movement occurred. A Black Redstart at Queenshill on the twenty-second was followed by further good records on the twenty-fourth, with a Great Grey Shrike on Cannock Chase, 1000 Fieldfare at Belvide, Snow Bunting on North Hill and the eight Waxwings at Hednesford were part of the major east coast arrival earlier in the month. The only Iceland Gull of the second winter period was seen at Belvide on the twenty-sixth, and three more Short-eared Owls were found, altogether at Throckmorton, where there was a Black Redstart the following day and also a Merganser at Belvide. The twenty-ninth saw a change to milder weather as warmer westerly air arrived and on the last day of the month a Peregrine was seen at Sandwell Valley and two Hawfinches at , with one at Belvide a few days earlier. At the start of December the weather quickly reverted to a more wintery feel as first easterlies (to the fourth) and then northerlies (to the seventh) brought in colder air. A blocking high over Europe caused milder westerly air to be sucked in thereafter, until the year's end; there was some rain, generally overcast conditions and strong winds around the eighteenth, but above average temperatures meant that it was the mildest December since 1940. The month was dominated by Waxwing occurrences, with many small flocks and odd singles throughout the Region. The best total was 45 at Monkspath on the twelfth, 18 remaining until the New Year. Otherwise the birding was fairly quiet. A second Long-tailed Duck turned up at Shustoke on the first and on the fourth, the first of two Mediterranean Gulls was found at Coton. A pair of Snow Buntings at Boarsgrove on the fifth had increased to five by the eighteenth and they remained to 1989. Four Scaup arrived at Draycote on the seventh and by the ninth there were 30 Hawfinches at Chillington, with good flocks elsewhere in the country at the same time. More. Short-eared Owls were found at a number of localities and roosts of 16

Long-eared Owls included seven at Kineton and similar numbers at Park Hall C P. Common Sandpipers overwintered at Draycote and Tittesworth, the Little Stint remained at Blithfield and Dunlin numbers remained unusually high, with for example, 72 at Chasewater and 420 at Bredon's Hardwick. Duck numbers held up well, too, with 1400 Pochard and 1000 Tufted Ducks at Coton. Encouraging Lapwing counts included 4000 at Bredon and 3000 at Draycote and possibly the best find of the month was a Dotterel at , staying from the seventeenth to 1989. The more windy conditions around the eighteenth may have caused increased activity, with ten White-fronted Geese flying south through Staffordshire, an adult Mediterranean Gull at Draycote (and later on other dates), a Firecrest at Chillington and three Twite at Tittesworth Noteworthy flocks of finches and buntings included 100 Siskins at Westport and over 100 Yellowhammers at Interfield and Upton Warren.

Waxwing

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It remained quiet until the twenty-second, when activity picked up again. A Red- throated Diver occurred at Larford that day, with a Bittern over Arrow Valley Lake and a Crossbill at Westport the next. The twenty-fifth saw the arrival of the first Glaucous Gulls, with two at Westwood and with seven to nine elsewhere thereafter. An observer looking for the Dotterel at Wellesbourne discovered a Snow Bunting on the twenty-fifth and on the next day six Barnacle Geese returned -to the Kingsbury area. Gull roosts produced some good counts, too, with 283 and 150 Great Black-backed at Chasewater and Blithfield respectively and 13000 Black-headed at Draycote On the twenty-seventh a Firecrest found at Westwood remained to see in the New Year, three White-fronted Geese flew over Bredon's Hardwick on the twenty-eighth, and a Snow Bunting was at Alvecote on the thirtieth. A Hawfinch at Belvide the next day saw out an eventful year. N P Barlow 17

Hon. Treasurer's Report

It is pleasing to report a small working surplus on both the main Income and Expenditure Account, and on the Belvide Account. The continuing growth in membership is reflected in the increase in subscriptions received, and the popularity of both Belvide and Blithfield as major bird watching venues is apparent from the increased income from permit fees. From the Balance Sheet it will be noted that the Club received a substantial sum on account of a Legacy, and further amounts from the same source have been received in 1989. The financial position of the Club at December 31, 1988 remained very sound and provides an excellent base from which to make further progress in our Diamond Jubilee year. K A Webb Hon. Treasurer

Income and Expenditure Account tor the year ended December 31,1988 1988 1987 Income E £ Subscriptions received 10,165.50 9,568 Sale of Reports 125.95 172 Interest received 1,973.33 2,266 Reservoirs (permit tees) 2,045.50 1,899 Gifts and Donations 55.85 58 Sales of checklists and car stickers 33.50 34 Advertising Income 81.00 109 Commission on Sale ol Books etc. 8.10 85 Raffles and Peanut Sales (net) 46.26 143

Prolit on Sales of Ties and Pens 293.74 —

Total Income £14.828.73 £14,334

Expenditure Solihull Branch and Stafford Branch 600.00 600 Indoor Meetings 944.80 915 Reports 4,753.00 4,470 Bulletins 3,870.95 3,717 Printing, Stationery and Postages 2,331.77 2,510 Reservoirs — Permit Fees and Insurance 1,543.15 1,445 Subscriptions and Donations 22.50 542 Sundry Expenses 378.16 383 Open Day — net costs — 25 Purchase of Projector 258.95 —

Display Stands and Material — 694

Total Expenditure £14,703.28 £15,301

Surplus/fDeticit) tor the year £125.45 £(967) 18

Belvlde — Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended December 31,1988 1988 1987 Income £ £ Permits and Field Meetings 2,434.09 2,197 Interest received 11.89 7 Donations * 108.30 37 Grazing 50.00 11 Birds ol Belvide — 8

Total Income £2,604.28 £2,260

Expenditure Permits and Rules 122.28 — Professional Fees — 547 Reserve Maintenance 894.60 200 Keys 25.00 46 Rent 1,354.20 1,248 Car Park Rent 66.00 62 Car Stickers — 166 Postage, Stationery, etc. 36.22 142 Payment to Grazing Tenant — 250

Total Expenditure £2,498.30 £2.661

Surplus/fDelicit) tor the year £105.98 £(401) 19

Balance Sheet at December 31,1988 1987 Fund Balances C General Fund— Balance January 1,1988 14,829.16 Add Legacy Received 10.00(100 ^ddSurplus— Main Account 125.45 Add Surplus — Belvide Account 105.98 25,060.59 14,829 Birds of West Midlands Fund— Balance at January 1,1988 4,707.36 Adc/Sale of Books 1,174.50 5.881.86 4,707 Conservation and Reserves Fund — Balance al January 1,1988 927.00 Less Donation to RSPB Abernelhy Forest Appeal 500.00 427.00 927 Belvide Bird Reserve — A Natural History Fund Balance at January 1,1988 (2,012.58) Add Further payment for costs ol book 537.00

(2.549.58) Less Sales ol Books 388.10 (2,161.48) (2,012)

£29,207.97 £18,451

Fund Balances represented by:— Filed Assets

F. Dale Reserve at cost 7,500.00 7,500

Current Assets Stocks on Hand — Ties and Pens 685.23 — National Savings Income Bond 8,000.00 8,000 Cash al Bankers on Deposit and Current Account 25,142.03 17,350 Halifax Building Society 313.46 304 Sundry Debtors and Prepayments 367.40 290 £34,508.12 £25,944

Total Assets 42,008.12 33,444

Current Liabilities "" Subscriptions in Advance 2,225.00 2,527 Permit Fees in Advance 2,418.84 2,107 Sundry Creditors (inc. Annual Report) 8,156.31 10,359

£12,800.15 £14,993

Total Net Assets £29,207.97 £18,451

We have examined the above Balance Sheet and Income and Expenditure Accounts. In our opinion these accounts give a true and fair view of the state of the Club's affairs at December 31, 1988 and the excess of expenditure over income for the year ended on that date. Lichfield Dain & Co. February 6, 1989 . Chartered Accountants 20

Secretary's Report Members will be interested to hear that the Club generously responded to the RSPB's Caledonian Pine Forest Appeal. A donation of £500 was given from its Conservation Fund, and it is understood that the Club's name is to be inscribed on a permanent plaque giving a list of benefactors, which is to be erected at the Abernethy Forest Estate. Everyone was saddened to hear of the death of Tony Blake on 3rd July 1988, after a short illness. He was a former Secretary, and Chairman of the Club, and also Chairman of its Research Committee. A full tribute is given separately in this issue of the Annual Report. John Bennett who brought into being the Club 'Hotline' has passed everything over to Eric Clare. This information service has proved, without doubt, to be popular amongst our members in finding out what's about in the Club's area. Our thanks are due to both of them. Special thanks to Alan Richards for arranging speakers for the Parent Club Indoor Meetings, and to Charles Brown, Roy Galloway, Tom Leach, and Ken Webb for all their help in assisting with the projection equipment at the Josiah Mason Lecture Theatre.

Indoor Meetings— Birmingham January Brian Hawkes 'The World of Gulls'. February David Tomlinson 'Travelling in Search of Birds'. March Annual General Meeting and Members' Slide Night. April Gordon Langsbury 'The Birds of Lapland'. May Rob Hume'Nile Cruise'. October Charles Brown 'Tanzania'. November Tony Marr Birding in Britain & Ireland'. December Nigel Redman 'In the High Yemen'. During the year we bade farewell to Miss A Winfield and Miss M Hayes of TTC Services. These two ladies have seen to the typing and distribution of the Club's Bulletins for the past forty years! The Main Committee duly arranged for them to be presented with carriage clocks in recognition of their loyal service over the years. The display stands were again in constant use at a number of important events: at the RSPB Film Show — Birmingham Town Hall, Solihull Conservation Fair, The Guildhall — Worcester, Birmingham Countryside Festival — Cannon Hill Park, Coombe Abbey, Woodgate Valley, Stoneleigh, the Sandwell Show, and at the Waterworks Open Day at Walsall. Our thanks to Daphne Dunstan and willing helpers for their promotional work on the Club's behalf, and to Bert Coleman for arranging the stands to be placed in libraries throughout the region. Finally, the Club has strengthened its links with the British Trust for Ornithology by becoming a participating member of the BTO/Bird Clubs Partnership. The Partnership consists at present of some forty-three bird Clubs, and its aim is to promote ornithology in Britain at a national and local level, and also to 21

communicate ideas to local bird clubs. We receive a Newsletter on a regular basis, which provides useful information on regional conferences, advice, and news — all of which is passed on to members of the WMBC through the Bulletin. H M MacUregor

Field Meeting Secretary's Report During the year a total of fourteen field meetings were run by the parent club, twelve day meetings and two weekends to South Devon and Norfolk. The Devon trip was split over two weekends due to the numbers wishing to attend.

The venues for the day meetings were: Slimbridge Elan Valley Ouse Washes Point of Ayr Wyre Forest/Stourport Chew Valley Rutland Water Wyre Forest/Upton Warren Ludlow Southport/Martin Mere Goyt Valley Bittell/Lickey

All the meetings were well supported, with an average of 48 members attending each one. With such large numbers, the choice of places to visit is somewhat limited if disturbance is to be avoided, not to mention getting a coach to the spot! Also, if a reasonable amount of time for birdwatching is to be had, the distance travelled has to be taken into consideration. Nevertheless, some good birds were seen. At the Goyt Valley we had hardly alighted from the coach before we were greeted by Ring Ouzel. In Norfolk, we went one better, the Waxwings were visible from the coach, sitting on the telegraph wire. I should like to express my thanks to all who helped to make the field meetings so successful, including the coach drivers from Bowens who so cheerfully take us to them. Stan Young

Permit Secretary's Report Belvide 573 Blithfield 490 Ladywalk 579 Thanks to all members who apply promptly Miss M A Surman

Membership Secretary's Report The membership figure at December 31, 1988 was 1856, made up of 1818 senior members and 38 juniors. This is an encouraging increase of 92 senior members 22

and 10 junior members. Non-payers deleted from the list were 126 senior members and 6 junior members. Since the introduction of Ciub displays in various libraries, there has been a wider distribution of new members. D S Evans

Research Sub-Committee Report The year began with a very poorly attended meeting. As a result, at the next meeting there was a long discussion about the future of the Sub-Committee. It was eventually decided to encourage the separate county research groups to meet regularly and to ask each in turn, plus the ringers, to host a meeting of the main Sub- Committee. The Birmingham and Black Country Research Group accordingly arranged the September meeting, at which they described the study being undertaken on Black Redstarts. The Staffordshire Branch organised the December meeting, which was primarily devoted to the BTO Atlas, 'Waders of Wet Lowland Meadows' surveys, and the Club's Survey of Night Birds. Both meetings were very well attended. Other issues discussed during the year were the Club's revised checklist and the BOU's proposed changes to bird names. G R Harrison

Staffordshire Branch Report Indoor meetings were varied and well attended. Steve Whitehouse took us to India, Robert Prys-Jones to Aldabra and Simon Boyes, of Ornitholidays, gave an insight into some of his many travels. Stephanie Tyler gave a memorable talk on her study of Dippers and Grey Wagtails and Gordon Langsbury showed excellent slides covering all of our waders. The Branch Committee had felt for some time that not enough was being done to help the less experienced members. In an attempt to redress this situation, Graham Evans gave a talk entitled "What's that bird?", in which he gave hints and tips on bird identification and dealt with many of the species that cause problems, especially when it comes to compiling the Annual Report! Field meetings were arranged to the Ribble Estuary and Martin Mere, Slimbridge, Blithfield, Copmere, Doxey, Anglesey, North Staffs Moors, and Seaforth Docks and Crosby Marina — a new venue for the Branch. At the Annual General Meeting, Pete Dedicoat was elected to the Committee. A donation of £25 was given to Staffordshire Nature Conservation Trust for the use of a room at their headquarters for the Branch Committee meetings. During the year, Graham Evans relinquished his post as County Recorder. During his term of office, he spent considerable time and effort in setting up the Staffordshire Records Committee and making the production of the Staffordshire section of the Annual Report the smooth process that it is today. We owe him our 23

thanks. The post of Staffordshire Recorder has been filled by Mrs. Gilly Jones who will now take his place on the Branch Committee. We wish her well in the future. Blithfield figured large in the Committee's conservation work. With the help of information from the Branch Members, Frank Gribble produced a draft management plan for the proposed nature reserve in the Tadd Bay. This is an exciting development at what is one of our major bird sites and Frank deserves our warmest thanks for the work that he has put in to this. Doxey gave cause for concern resulting from Lord Stafford's plans for a development which will affect a considerable part of the SSSI. Chasewater also has its share of problems, with the proposed Birmingham Northern Relief Road which will have a profound affect on the southern shore. Plans for the conversion of the barn at Swallow Moss into a hide have not been finalised. There is the possibility that NCC may part fund this. Following enquiries from the Forestry Commission, plans to undertake another survey of Nightjars were discussed. It was felt that it would be worthwhile to include other night birds such as owls, Woodcock and Grasshopper Warbler. David Emley

Belvide Report It was another excellent year for the variety of birds recorded — at least 168 species, equalling 1987's high total. Two new species were added to the reserve's list: Nightingale and Honey Buzzard. Of these, only the first stayed for more than a few minutes but the Honey Buzzard allowed its observers a rare perched view. Amongst the other highlights were Black-throated and Red-throated Diver in January, Bean Geese in February and a Firecrest in April. Black-necked Grebes were present for six days in May and even the normally quiet month of July brought records of Crossbill, Osprey and Little Tern. In autumn, there were sightings of Leach's Petrel, Grey Phalarope, Iceland Gull and Waxwing. On November 19 there was a remarkable passage of 18 Red-throated Divers and 18 Scaup. No summary would be complete without mentioning the Smew which graced the reservoir for so much of the year. The arrival of a moulting immature drake on the extreme date of May 17 was unexpected. The appearance of a second bird, a redhead, which became resident from June 3 was, with hindsight, less extraordinary; its wing injury clearly prevented all but the shortest flights. However, its gradual transformation into a superb 'white nun' during moult in November was a surprising bonus and the bird continued to delight observers well on into the New Year. Unfortunately, Mink were found to be breeding on the reserve for the first time in 1988. Their presence may in part explain the relatively poor breeding success of Mallard and Tufted Duck. Efforts to control these unwelcome aliens were partially effective but long term eradication will be a very difficult task. On a positive note, however, both Mute Swan and Gadwall bred successfully for a second, successive year. 24

High water levels in spring and early autumn meant wader numbers were generally low, but variety was good, with 24 species noted during autumn passage. The final Little Ringed Plover did not depart until the very late date of October 5. Raptor records showed a healthy increase. Hobbies were reported on 27 dates and Merlins and Peregrines were both seen regularly in the autumn. Numbers of Sedge and Reed Warbler were well up on recent years; it is pleasing to see these species responding to our efforts to increase the availability of their preferred habitats on the reserve. It was a busy year for the management of the reserve. The car park was extended and the surface improved. It was also possible, finally, to have the Reservoir Plantation fenced to exclude livestock, and in the autumn, work began on coppicing hawthorn and re-planting to improve the composition and structure of the wood. An area close to the hide in the south-east bay was cleared of Glyceria maxima allowing a further introduction of Phragmites australis to accommodate the growing population of Reed Warblers. Several meetings were held during the year with representatives of the Nature Conservancy Council, British Waterways Board and the owner of the Reservoir Plantation. It is perhaps worth pointing out that as a consequence of S.S.S.I, status virtually all management work undertaken now requires prior approval from the N.C.C. A result of this is the ever-increasing and time-consuming volume of paper work required. For several years now, most of this has been dealt with, with characteristic forbearance and good humour, by Pete Dedicoat. He deserves the thanks of all permit holders for his 'behind-the-scenes' efforts. S. Jaggs

Ladywalk Reserve After the "annus mirabilis" of 1987 when seven new species were added to the reserve list, this year was generally expected to be much quieter, with fewer visitors, but turned out to be very busy and interesting. Bitterns were seen on 26 days altogether, on and off from January 1 to March 4 and on five days from October 22;'Pied Flycatcher and Nightingale were seen on spring passage and took the Reserve total to 190 species. Other notable species were a (suspect) Falcated Duck, Smew, Peregrine, Hobby, Temminck's Stint, Spotted Redshank, Turnstone, Black Redstart, Stonechat and Bramblings.41 Kittiwakeson March 13,21 Oystercatchers on July 1 and 300 Golden Plovers on December 29 were unprecedented numbers for the site. Goosanders were seen more often than before and both Curlews and Cormorants were seen in every month of the year, for the first time. Reserves should be judged primarily on their breeding species and in this respect 1988 was outstanding, with records for Shelduck, Tufted Duck, Ruddy Duck, Sparrowhawk and Great Spotted Woodpecker, and for Whinchat on the Power Station site. Redshank hatched chicks but soon lost them. The annual species total was 129, only four less than 1987 in spite of our failure to record such common ones 25

as Tree Pipit and Corn Bunting. Under a new system for birds devised by the NCC, a Reserve needs to gain 30 "points" to qualify for SSSI status: Ladywalk scored 37.5 and the neighbouring Whitacre Reserve 32, which is very good news. It was a good year for plants with more Marsh Helleborines than ever, the re- emergence of the Fortey Bee Orchid colony on the marsh after 2 blank years and the discovery by Maurice Arnold and Ron Thomas of a lot of Canadian Fleabane at the north end, this last plant having been put on the British list very recently. In the late summer and early autumn, work-parties did an excellent job on the marsh and I am particularly grateful to John How, Harry Howell and Dave Benbow for a great deal of help this year; also to the other volunteers. The feeding programme continues to be very successful and a few Bramblings and a Siskin were attracted as well as a large number of tits, finches and buntings; Pheasants, Jays, Great Spotted Woodpeckers and Sparrowhawks were also regular, with at least eight of the latter being seen on or around the feeding-station during the year. If they were uniform in size, plumage and eye-colour we might have said one or two were in this area! Many changes are likely in the electricity-supply industry in the next few years, but the current spirit on the Management Committee makes us confident that there will be no real problems for the Reserve and that the highly-desirable new Hide on the marsh will be provided shortly. I am very grateful to the CEGB for undertaking the publication of my history of the Reserve, "Birds in a Manmade Land", in 1989. Finally, I would like to place on record how much many of the Tame Valley "regulars" have missed two former bird-watchers and great enthusiasts, Brian Newsome and Tony Blake, during the last year. B L Kington Hon. Head Warden

Solihull Branch Report The year began with an unusual and original talk by Carl Nicholson on 'Man's Tribute to Birds', describing birds in art from ancient Egypt to the present day. In February, we were spellbound by the expertise and infectious enthusiasm of Dr Graham Martin's illustrated talk on 'Owls and the Night'. March saw the welcome return of Valerie Macfarland, speaking on this occasion on "Seychelles birds". The April AGM was followed by members' slide evening, with helpful and humorous judging by Eric Harvey. After the summer break, Tom Leach spoke on Canada, Ken Webb on 'A Natural History Miscellany', and Brian Hawkes on 'Birds of the Falkland Isles'. Field trips were all to local spots and were well attended, the group visiting Kingsbury Water Park, Coombe Abbey and The Somers, Meriden. George Morley 26

Anthony Roger Morley Blake (1924-1988) I first met 'Tony' Blake, as he was widely known to his many friends, on one of my first ever visits to Belvide Reservoir, in either 1949 or 1950. (Had I been as meticulous over note keeping as I now know Tony was, I could be more precise about the date!) In those days it was a long tiresome journey for me from my home in Coventry, via several buses, so I particularly recall the occasion when I found myself in Tony's company as we headed for Belvide together on the later stages of one such journey and again on the return journey back to Birmingham — the time then went all too quickly. His friendly informative, humorous conversation and his kind acceptance of a 'junior birder' on equal terms was something I shall never forget — along with the fact that he pointed out the 'eez-eez-eez' call of the Willow Tit which we watched along the canal towpath at Brewood — then a new bird for me! In subsequent years, I was always delighted when I could again enjoy his company and remember the many occasions after club meetings when, along with others, we would repair to a nearby pub, where Tony would invariably keep everyone enthralled with his wealth of birding experiences. He was equally a good listener and never made you feel as if you were talking out of turn no matter how limited your knowledge of the subject might be. Tony was a field ornithologist of great experience and though he knew the birds of his local patch intimately, especially Sutton Park and the south Staffordshire reservoirs, he was also familiar with the birds of the Middle East where he served in the R.A.F. It is little wonder that such qualifications found him helping to organise and run The West Midland Bird Club and from 1956 to 1964 he was its Secretary. A wider recognition of his ornithological experience was his election to British Birds Rarities Committee in 1963, serving for 13 years, during which time he was recognised for his fair and balanced views when assessing the many records that he and his colleagues dealt with. He took up the mantle of WMBC Chairman in 1978 and was the guiding hand behind the Club's further expansion, establishing it as one of the leading and most respected provincial bird clubs in the country. Additionally, for many years, he was Chairman of the Club's Research Committee during which time his unbounded enthusiasm and deep involvement in the various projects and surveys undertaken by the Club always ensured that their purpose and their results were properly and effectively dealt with. With 50 active years as a meticulous observer and recorder of wild birds, his sudden death after a short illness in May 1988 is a sad and tragic loss to British ornithology and The West Midland Bird Club in particular. All who knew Tony will remember him with great affection and respect. His ashes were scattered on a marsh in Norfolk, one of his favourite birding spots that he visited as often as he could. To his widow Dorothy and son and daughter we extend our deepest sympathy. A J Richards Chairman 27

Project Kingfisher — Caring for the Cole Valley The setting up of Project Kingfisher was a direct result of the West Midland Conservation Strategy launched in July 1984. The strategy outlined the reasons for choosing the River Cole as the area for this major environmental initiative:

"Project Kingfisher is a collaboration between local and statutory authorities and voluntary groups to achieve a substantial upgrading of the wildlife quality of the River Cole and adjacent land in Birmingham and Solihull. As identified on the Wildlife Network, the Cole Valley Corridor extends for seven miles from Chelmsley Wood, Solihull to Small Heath, Birmingham. . . . The Valley has enormous potential for habitat creation, e.g. meadowlands, scrub, woodlands, etc. In addition, there is much that can be done in improving the wildlife potential of the river itself by creating small islands, maintaining riverside trees and creating small ponds."

Thus, Project Kingfisher was born to care for and improve this valuable green corridor through the heavily built-up area to the east of Birmingham. A partnership was established between Birmingham and Solihull Councils, together with the Severn Trent Water Authority, the Countryside Commission, the Nature Conservancy Council, the Urban Wildlife Group and the Warwickshire Nature Conservation Trust.

A vast area of land alongside the river comes under the Project. Totalling around one thousand acres, it is all under the ownership of the two local authorities of Birmingham and Solihull. It has remained free of development due to the requirement to retain open space beside the river to accommodate water levels in excess of the 1 in 50 year flood. This land can be roughly divided into two basic types: improved grassland and unimproved 'forgotten' areas.

The improved grassland areas are largely at both ends of the Project area — the land running from Small Heath to Stechford and from Cooks Lane at Kingshurst to the project boundary, where the M6 crosses the river (see map) at Chelmsley Wood. Other similar areas exist at Glebe Farm, Cole Hall Farm and Norman Chamberlain Playing Fields. Much of this land is used for football but considerable stretches are maintained as close mown amenity grassland without being laid out for pitches. These areas are of little value for wildlife and represent some of the bleakest parts of the Valley. Much work has been done over the last five years to alter these green deserts and some of the work is already showing good results, although much of it will develop in the long term. Whilst keeping the football pitches intact, thousands of trees have been planted in the unused sections. These will obviously take many years to mature but already some substantial plantations of willow, alder and birch have been created. In the autumn of 1988 alone, over five thousand trees were planted at Cole Hall Farm and Brook Meadow as part of the City of Birmingham centenary celebrations. Thus, the bleak green deserts of the Valley are gradually being transformed into sites of interest for both people and wildlife. Virtually all the trees planted are native species. The planting is often done by local volunteers, particularly school children, thus involving the local communities in the improvement of their own localities. projcct Caring for the ingfisher Cole Valley

Shard End

Projecl Boundary

Chelmsley Wood A Joint Project by: City at Birmingham District Council Countryside Commission Nature Conservancy Council Severn Trent Water Authority Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council Urban Wlldllle Group Warwickshire Naiure Conservation Trull Coventry Road For information contact: Jon Clarkson, Head Ranger-Project Kingfisher, Norman Chamberlain Playing Fields. PHhail Road, Shaid End, Birmingham B34 7fU. Telephone 021-749 3131 <24 hours) 29

In some of the improved grassland sites, attempts at creating wildflower meadows have been undertaken, but with mixed results due to maintenance difficulties. Much more dramatic improvements have been made by the creation of backwater pools alongside the river. The best of these can be seen near the M6, at Chelmsley Wood, where the Severn Trent Water Authority has transformed an almost lifeless landscape into a thriving wetland. Here several pools have been made adjacent to the river and in fact connected to it via an inflow pipe and corresponding outflow.

Only twelve months after the first pool was completed and planted up, it had become a thriving habitat containing numerous pond invertebrates and providing a home for nesting moorhens. Further pools were excavated in the area during 1988. The other basic type of land in the Cole Valley is that of the unimproved 'forgotten' areas. These are parts of the Valley that have been left for many years without being developed for any kind of formal recreation. Although altered by man many years ago, for various reasons they have since been left to develop naturally. Many of these areas are the hidden parts of the Valley, tucked away behind housing estates, often known only to the locals who live nearby, but harbouring a welath of wildlife. The two main sections ol this type of landscape are at Stechford, between Station Road and Cole Hall Lane, and at Shard End, between Packington Avenue and Kingshurst. It is worth looking at these two sites in more detail as they offer some of the best opportunities in the Valley for birdwatching, and indeed for a pleasant walk. The land at Stechford (which runs along the back of Maryland Avenue) is former farm land. Indeed it is reported that hay crops were taken here as late as the 1950's. It now comprises largely rough grassland, with some patches of willow scrub, bordered along one edge by the river and on the other by a magnificent old hedgerow of blackthorn and hawthorn. An old pond is being re-excavated in one section too. This is an ideal area to 'get away from it all', while being only a few hundred yards from busy main roads. It is also the best area in the Valley to observe Kingfishers as this is the only present location of a nesting site. The site has been used for many years and, despite being very close to the main footpath, the birds successfully raise young each year. Kingfishers are seen in many parts of the Valley, sightings becoming more common of late. However, no further nest sites have been located, although many potential sites with suitably eroded river banks occur. The lack of trees along some sections of the river bank to provide fishing perches for the Kingfishers may be a determining factor in the restriction of nest sites.

The other main parcel of unimproved land in the Valley is at Shard End, adjacent to the Norman Chamberlain Playing Fields (ofl Packington Avenue). The playing fields are on a raised area of reclaimed tip land and are in themselves bleak and of little value to wildlife (except for the lake in the park — see later). However, standing on the edge of the park one overlooks a large area of land between the old tip and the river. This was formerly much wetter than of late, when the river meandered leisurely through the area, flooding frequently. Canalisation of the river to prevent flooding has left a site dominated by rough grassland and scrub, with a few marshy areas It is here that large scale works took place during the winter of 1988/89 to 30

recreate some of the wetland habitats formerly present. Land surrounding old drainage ditches was excavated ,to create two large shallow ponds (with three islands). A further pond was also dug and work carried out on sections of the old river channel. It is hoped that this work, when completed (further planting and some excavation is required), will attract more bird life to the area, in particular wildfowl and waders, and also encourage birds passing through the Valley to stay longer. A distinct advantage of the site is that excellent viewing is available from the edge of the playing fields without having to encroach on the wetland itself (screened seating and observation points are planned).

Wetland Excavation at Shard End

Away from the new wetlands the area is dominated by a large expanse of rough grassland, with areas of reed canary grass and bramble, adjacent to which is an area of self regenerated scrub consisting of hawthorn, young ash and oak, and gorse. In summer, the site becomes alive with warblers of several species. Willow and Sedge Warblers are the most noticeable, with the former being common throughout the whole Valley. Others regularly present include Chiffchaff, Whitethroat, Blackcap, Garden Warbler and Grasshopper Warbler. Excellent views of many of these birds are easy to obtain and it is remarkable to think that one is only a few hundred yards from the high density housing areas of Shard End and Tile Cross. During the winter, many Redwings and Fieldfares can be seen, as they can in many parts of the Valley. Snipe also occur regularly during the winter months. It is also here that, in the winter of 1986/87, a Bittern was found in an exhausted state (it was eventually released at Leighton Moss RSPB Reserve on Morecambe Bay). More recently, a Short-eared Owl has also been seen. One of the most remarkable parts of the Project area is situated adjacent to the locality just described. This is the twenty-five acre patch of semi-ancient woodland known as Yorks Wood. Records of the wood go back over 500 years and it is probably much older than this. Now owned by Solihull Council, it is being managed as a local nature reserve with the active participation of local people who have 31

formed the Yorks Wood Conservation Group. The wood is dominated by oak with an understorey of hazel and large areas of bramble. Many other trees have also been planted over the years, including a stand of Scots Pine and Larch. Sycamore has taken a grip in many areas and needs controlling. In spring, it is renowned for its magnificent display of bluebells. Birdlife includes Great Spotted Woodpecker, Treecreeper, and Nuthatch, Sparrowhawks have also nested in the wood in recent years and are regularly seen in the area. In autumn, the wood produces a good variety of fungi. The River Cole itself varies greatly in its quality of wildlife habitats. Many sections are very bleak, with straight canalised banks. However, recent work on parts of the river by the Severn Trent Water Authority (notably at Shard End) have created gravel beds along the water's edge and some sections of the reinforced bank have been cut away, creating inlets. Obviously, the needs of flood control have to be paramount along most of the Cole, but much work along the lines mentioned above can also be done to improve the wildlife potential of the river channel. Herons are regularly seen along the river and the spring of 1989 produced several sightings of Common Sandpiper in the Shard End/Kingshurst area. The water quality of the river is quite good, supporting large populations of small fish (sticklebacks, minnows, stone loach, etc.) and many invertebrates. Mention has already been made of the Kingfishers that feed along the river. Occasional problems do occur, though, because of accidental spills and polluted run off from some storm drains feeding into the river. Two lakes are to be found in the Project area. A former gravel pit at Shard End (now part of Norman Chamberlain Playing Fields) is heavily used for recreational activities such as sailing and fishing. It does however, attract large numbers of birds, particularly during winter, when up to twenty Mute Swans have been recorded at one time. Tufted Ouck and Pochard are also present each winter. For several years Great Crested Grebes have successfully nested on the lake, their courtship displays attracting much interest amongst people from the nearby housing estate (only a few hundred yards away). Other records for the lake include Common Tern and Cormorant, plus two interesting escapees — a Lesser White- fronted Goose and a Bar-headed Goose. Unfortunately, the lake is also an ideal breeding site for Canada Geese and some form of control of these birds may be necessary in the future to stop them completely dominating the lake. The other lake (Babbs Mill Lake at Kingshurst), although much larger than the one at Shard End, does not support a great deal of wildlife at present. This is a balancing lake excavated as a flood control measure for the Cole and is still lacking in bankside vegetation and suitable islands for nesting. However, it does hold considerable potential for the future. The above has been a brief survey of the Project Kingfisher area and the different habitats within it. As can be seen, a great deal of work has taken place to improve the Valley for wildlife, and much more work is planned for the future. However, just as important (if not more so), is community involvement in the Project. For years the Valley has been much abused, often by the people who live on its doorstep. To change these negative attitudes to the Valley is one of the main aims of the Project. 32

In 1986, a Ranger was appointed whose work has been largely centred on getting people to realise what an asset the Cole Valley is to the hundreds of thousands who live within walking distance of the river. Regular events are organised, leaflets published, talks given, and local schools involved in the Project. Gradually people are beginning to see that the Valley isn't just waste land' but is a vitally important area and somewhere to be proud of. The Cole Valley will never be a huge nature reserve solely for the dedicated naturalist, it has a much more important role than that — to be a place where thousands of City people can experience a taste of wildlife and the countryside. Much more work needs to be done, but hopefully the Project is on its way to achieving its aim of "making the Cole Valley attractive to both people and wildlife". For more information on Project Kingfisher contact:

Jon Clarkson (Head Ranger) Project Kingfisher Norman Chamberlain Playing Fields Pithall Road Shard End BIRMINGHAM B34 7PU Telephone: 021-749 3131 Jon Clarkson

'Herring Gulls, Glaucous Gulls, and gulls in-between' Fifty years ago the Herring Gull Larus argentatus was a scarce visitor to the region, with gatherings of a dozen or so worthy of note. By 1950 around 600 were roosting in the area, rising to 5000 by the mid-1960s and over 15000 by the early 1970s (see Harrison etal (1982) for further details). As the numbers of Herring Gulls multiplied, increasing observer attention was directed at the reservoir roosts, and occasional Glaucous Gulls L. hyperboreus and Iceland Gulls L. glaucoides began to be detected (Dean & Dean 1976). By the mid-1970s regular gull-watchers anticipated these arctic visitors every winter, particularly at the Staffordshire roosts. It became clear that there was some interchange between roosts (especially Chasewater and Blithfield) and close inspection of the features of individual gulls became routine, in an attempt to assess the number of individuals involved. As a result of this detailed scrutiny, a few individuals were observed which, although looking very much like Glaucous Gulls at first glance, revealed on closer inspection characteristics such as slight darkening of the primaries or, in immatures, vestiges of dark secondary bars and tailbands, which suggested they were in fact Glaucous x Herring Gull hybrids (see, for example, Hume 1976). At the same time, observations suggested that the Herring Gulls which were wintering in the region did not form a homogeneous population. Some adults were typical of the race argenteus to be found breeding in Britain (relatively small, pale- 33

mantled, and with extensive black in the wing-tip) but others were larger, rather darker mantled, and displayed a reduced amount of black in the wing-tip, characters which suggested they were nominate argentatus of Scandinavian origin (Hume 1978). Because of individual variation within all races of Herring Gull, there was much speculation as to how much reliance could be attached to subspecific identification of Herring Gulls in the field (Morley 1979, Hume 1979), but there is increasing evidence from both ringing and statistical studies that a significant percentage of the Herring Gulls wintering in the West Midlands are indeed nominate argentatus (Green 1977, 1978; Dean 1987). Thus, when observing Herring Gulls at winter roosts, it has to be borne in mind that individuals of very diverse origins may be involved. Variation in wing-tip pattern is surprisingly great in the Herring Gull and the degree of reduction in black in the primaries of some adult L. a. argentatus is such as to present a trap to the unwary. In not infrequent cases black is restricted to the outer webs of the outer four primaries, and there is an extensive all-white tip to the first primary, and sometimes also the second (see Grant 1986). From below, the wing-tip may appear almost entirely pale, and in extreme cases the upper wing-tip and folded wing-tip can also appear deceptively white when viewed in unfavourable conditions (e.g. a retreating bird in flight, or a bird viewed in failing light at long range in a winter roost). The wing-tip pattern of such individuals simulates that of Thayer's Gull L. thayeri and they are thus sometimes referred to as 'thayeri-\ype Herring Gulls' (though Thayer's Gull, a North American species, is in fact a smaller, more delicate species, more allied to Iceland Gull in general character and with a dark iris at all ages). Adult Herring Gulls of the thayeri-type have been recorded annually in the region in recent years, while occasional Glaucous x Herring Gull hybrids are reported in most winters. Thus, observers new to gull-watching should bear in mind that a large, grey-mantled gull with a great deal of white in the wing-tip is not necessarily a Glaucous Gull (or Iceland Gull) but could be a hybrid Glaucous x Herring Gull, or an extreme example of nominate argentatus Herring Gull. It is important to observe the wing-tip pattern unequivocally (it is the total absence of black rather than the presence of white which is the key to Glaucous Gull wing pattern) and to give due attention to structural details (e.g. the relatively massive bill of Glaucous, which exceeds in length the extension of the folded primaries beyond the tail), and the shade of grey of the mantle. Nominate Herring Gulls are darker-mantled on average than British argenteus, whereas hybrid Glaucous x Herring Gulls are almost certain to be L. hyperboreus x L. a. argenteus from Iceland, and thus should be noticeably pale grey on the mantle. Only more recently appreciated, and therefore potentially more of a problem, is how relatively pale some first-winter Herring Gulls of the race argentatus may be. Compared with argenteus, the upperparts may display much wider pale barring, while the primaries may be paler brown with pale tips and fringes; particularly when folded, this can produce a surprisingly pale appearance to the wing-tip. Again, therefore, there is a danger of confusion with immature Glaucous Gull or more particularly Glaucous x Herring hybrid (or even leucistic Herring Gull). 34

Attention to structure, bill-pattern, and the precise details of feather barring, wing- pattern and tail-pattern should reveal the true origins of any such bird, but debate about some photographed individuals still persists (see Grant (19B6) for discussion and illustration of such contentious individuals, and also a detailed treatment of the identification of genuine Glaucous (and Iceland) Gulls). It is not the intention of this short note to exaggerate the problems in identifying Glaucous (and Glaucous-like) Gulls, but rather to remind observers of the potential pitfalls and the options when dealing with 'white-winged gulls'. A careful approach to such birds can add an extra dimension to enjoyment of gull-watching, supplement our still inadequate knowledge of the characters of these gulls, and make life a little easier for the WMBC Records Committee!

References Dean, A R & Dean, B R 1976. Glaucous and Iceland Gulls in the West Midlands. Brit. Birds 69: 179-180. Dean, A R 1987. Seasonality of Herring Gulls in the West Midlands. Brit. Birds 80: 632-633. Grant, P J 1986. Gulls: a guide to identification. 2nd ed. Calton. Green, G H 1977, 1978. Wintering gulls in Worcestershire and Warwickshire, Progress Reports 1 and 2. (Printed for limited circulation). Harrison, G R, Dean, A R, Richards, A J, and Smallshire, D 1982. The Birds of the West Midlands. Stud ley. Hume, RAH 1976. Hybrid Glaucous x Herring Gull. West Midland Bird Reports. 16- 17. Hume, RAH 1978. Variations in Herring Gulls at a Midland roost. Brit. Birds 71: 338- 345. Hume, RAH 1979. Variations in Herring Gulls. Brit. BirdslZ: 390-392. Morley, C 1979. Variations in Herring Gulls. Brit. Birds72: 389-390. A R Dean, 2 Charingworth Road, Solihull, West Midlands.

Status of Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus In the West Midlands Region

In The Birds of the West Midlands, Harrison et al. were able to list only ten records of the Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus between 1971 and 1980, and described it as a rare visitor. Since 1980, however, the species has been recorded annually, with at least twelve individuals during 1988. Although Mediterranean Gulls remain scarce, occasional individuals are now anticipated every winter, especially in the large gull roosts to be found on the larger reservoirs. As one of the most attractive species of gull, Mediterranean Gulls provide high incentive to endure the frequently inhospitable conditions attendant on gull-watching at winter roosts. No doubt both increased attention and identification expertise are in part responsible for the upsurge in records (see Age Distribution below) but, even allowing for this, a genuine increase seems to have occurred, matching the 35

situation elsewhere in the country and reflecting a significant and continuing increase in the world population. In USSR, the stronghold of the species, numbers have increased markedly since 1970 (BWP 3) while in Europe breeding establishment or increase has been reported from Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, East Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and Sweden. As large numbers of Black-headed Gulls L. ridibundus from central and northern Europe winter in the British Isles, it is perhaps not surprising that small numbers of Mediterranean Gulls now arrive concurrently.

General considerations Up to the end of 1988, at least 46 Mediterranean Gulls have appeared in the region. When, at a particular site, birds of a given age are recorded on more than one occasion during the course of a winter, it is not always easy to judge whether or not the same individual is involved. Similarly, it is quite probable that individual gulls may re-appear in successive years. In the following analysis, a fairly conservative approach has been adopted when assessing numbers within a particular year or winter, but, in order to convey seasonal patterns and status accurately, individuals appearing in different winters have always been logged separately. The Mediterranean Gull generally attains adult plumage in its third winter, and there are identifiable first-year, second-year and adult plumages. However, a proportion of second-year birds are indistinguishable from adults. Thus, although second-year individuals are in a genuine minority (there is a higher than average mortality among first-years, while adult plumage encompasses individuals of all ages beyond third-winter), the apparent proportion of second-years is consequently somewhat depressed while the proportion of apparently full-adults is slightly inflated. In 1988, a bird remained in Worcestershire throughout most of July and August, during which time it moulted from first-summer to second-winter plumage. There is also a record from Staffordshire of a bird in transition from first- summer to second-winter plumage; in order not to over-complicate matters by employing additional age categories, both these individuals have, somewhat arbitrarily, been entered as first-years. This should be borne in mind in the following analysis. 36

Annual Distribution Figure 1 shows the annual distribution of all records up to the end of 1988. First- years are shown in open columns, second-years in half-hatch, and adults in full- hatch.

12

11

10

9

8

Pre-1980 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Figure 1: Annual distribution of Mediterranean Gulls in the West Midlands Region, 1971-1988

Apart from the marked upsurge in records in 1987 and 1988, the most significant feature of this figure is the increasing proportion of first-years.

Age Distribution Age No. of individuals (Percentage of total) Pre-1980 1980-1986 1987-1988 Adult 4(45) 5(36) 5(22) 2W 3(33) 2(14) 3(13) 1W 2(22) 7 (50) 15(65) Table 1: Age distribution of Mediterranean Gulls in the West Midlands Region, 1971-1988 37

The percentage of first-years pre-1980 is unnaturally low. The appearance of first- winters is far less striking than that of adults and it seems reasonably certain that, prior to the relatively recent clarification of the field-characters of first-year individuals, a relatively high proportion of first-winters was overlooked (see Grant 1986). Thus, to some extent, the increased frequency of occurrence is more apparent than real. In recent years, however, a high proportion of Mediterranean Gulls has been discovered by a relatively small number of dedicated gull-watchers, well-versed in gull plumages, and the distinct increase in records in 1987 and 1988 is certainly genuine. Additionally, whereas most earlier reports involved apparently transient individuals, in the last few years there have been several instances of birds remaining in the region for prolonged periods.

Monthly Distribution Figure 2 plots the month of arrival of each of the 46 Mediterranean Gulls recorded up to the end of 1988, adults, second-winters and first-winters being shown separately (key as Fig. 1).

10

9 ;v\ H v t \ 5v

**

— —'

-

JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

Figure 2: Monthly distribution of Mediterranean Gulls (plotted from summer through winter) 38

Arrivals of first-winters were well-distributed through the year but with a peak in mid-winter. Only April, June and August failed to produce new arrivals at some stage during the 18 years under consideration, but 54% were during November, December or January. In contrast, arrivals of adults were much less evenly distributed. Nearly 43% arrived in November or December, and 36% in February. There were no certain new arrivals in January, and single arrivals in just three other months. This would suggest that records of first-winter birds result from relatively random post-breeding and cold-weather movements but that the arrivals of adults are the result of more purposeful movements. The number and distribution of second-winters is of doubtful statistical significance but most have appeared during the last four months of the year. Discussing the national distribution of records for birds of all ages between 1958 and 1962, Bourne (1970) detected three periods in the year when new records reached a peak, namely July/August, October, and April. He deduced from this that Mediterranean Gulls must often undertake three migrations annually: a post- breeding dispersal to regular late-summer quarters where they probably completed the moult, followed in some cases by a late-autumn movement to regular winter quarters elsewhere before the return to the breeding grounds in spring. Examination of Bourne's figures shows that the spring peak was not abrupt and, for adults in particular, encompassed the period February to April rather than just the latter month. Interpreting the pattern of records in the West Midlands against this national trend suggests that adults appear in November and December as a result of this late- autumn movement to secondary winter quarters, while the February peak reflects the onset of movement back towards the breeding grounds. The dearth of arrivals in January (in contrast with first-winters) suggests that few adults appear as the result of cold-weather movements. Over 50% of records involved isolated, single-date sightings. The remainder involved individuals either certainly resident in the area for a longer period (e.g. an identifiable individual observed closely, and more-or-less daily, at a particular feeding site) or probably present for a longer period (e.g. an individual of a given age re-appearing on a number of close but not necessarily consecutive dates at a large reservoir roost, and where range of observation precludes absolute certainty that the same individual is involved). As well as the Upton Warren individual already mentioned in July/August 1988, a first-winter was in the Chasewater area for most of January 1988, while the pattern of records at Draycote suggests wintering of an adult in 1983/84, an adult in 1987/88, and an adult and a first-winter in 1988/89.

Geographical Distribution Of the 46 individuals, 20 were in Warwickshire, five in Worcestershire and 21 in Staffordshire. Eight of 14 adults were in Warwickshire, all but one at Draycote. The most productive localities were Draycote (15 individuals), Chasewater (8), 39

Blithfield (6), Coton/Lea Marston (4), Belvide and Westport (each 3), and Upton Warren (2). Nine localities were visited just once, and four of these involved individuals also recorded at one of the more-favoured sites.

Acknowledgements I would like to thank Steve Haynes, Gilly Jones and Steve Whitehouse for providing details of 1986 records prior to publication of the relevant West Midland Bird Report; and also Nick Barlow for helpful comments on a first draft.

References Bourne, W R P (1970). Field characters and British status of Mediterranean Gulls. Brit. Birds 63: 91-93. Cramp, S. and Simmons, K E L (eds.) (1982). The Birds of the West Palearctic, vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Grant, P J (1986). Gulls: a guide to identification. 2nd ed. Poyser. Harrison, G R, Dean, A R, Richards, A J and Smallshire, D (1982). The Birds of the West Midlands. West Midland Bird Club. A R Dean, 2 Charingworth Road, Solihull, West Midlands.

Analysis of Retraps and Controls of Bullfinch, Goldfinch and Linnet ringed within the West Midland Bird Club area

Introduction This paper attempts to analyse ringing data for retraps and controls (birds ringed elsewhere) of Bullfinch, Goldfinch and Linnet caught within the West Midland Bird Club area over the last 85 years. Much of the ringing has been at winter roosts, but a fair number of birds have also been caught in gardens. The ringing of nestling birds, especially Bullfinch and Linnet has also taken place within the area. The data used in this analysis is that generated by ringers operating within the West Midland Bird Club area.

Method Species are considered separately and all relevant records are plotted on maps (Figures 1 and 2). Birds are assumed to be in their breeding areas during the period April to September and in their winter quarters from October to March. In practice, some birds could still have been on passage when recovered in either period, especially in October, but these recoveries help to indicate the migration routes.

Analysis of results (a) Bullfinch — Pyrrhula pyrrhula Analysis of Bullfinch records confirm it to be one of our most sedentary birds, movements over 50 kilometres being exceptional, with most records of West Midland ringed birds showing movements of between 5 and 15 kilometres only. The longest movement recorded is 32 kilometres from Banbury in Oxfordshire to Rugby in Warwickshire. 40

The earliest ringing record is from 1917 — an interesting one, the bird being ringed as a nestling in the June and recovered 8Vi:years later in December 1925. Other records show life spans of between 6 months and 3% years only. (b) Goldfinch — Carduelis carduelis While many Goldfinches remain in Britain throughout the year, large numbers may move southwards, in autumn, to winter in southern France, Spain and north-west Africa, returning to this country mainly from mid-ApriUo mid-May Only two foreign recoveries of birds ringed in the West Midlands have been reported, both ringed during the summer months and recovered the following winter in Spain (Figure 1).

Goldfinch - Carduelis carduelis

Figure 1:

(c) Linnet — Acanthis cannabina A high percentage of the birds ringed in the West Midlands during the summer months are either pulli or juveniles and their recoveries during the following winter clearly illustrates the general southerly movement of this species, in the 41

autumn, to wintering, areas in France and Spain. Other recoveries in subsequent winters of British ringed birds show the same pattern of • movement. Recoveries from the Somme, Loire Atlantique, Deux Sevres, Charente Maritime, Medoc, Gironde, Landes and Basses Pyrenees regions of western France indicate a general coastal movement, birds skirting the western edge of the Pyrenees, entering Spain and moving as far south as Algeciras in Andalusia. The record of the British bird'in eastern France, at Bouches du Rhone, is peculiar in that it deviates so markedly from the movement trends shown by other recoveries. Linnet-Acanthis cannabina

* RINGED SUMMER IN W.M. RECOVERED FOLLOWING AND SUBSEQUENT WINTERS

• RINGED WINTER IN W.M. RECOVERED SAME WINTER

* RINGED WINTER IN WM.. RECOVERED SUBSEQUENT SUMMERS

Figure 2:

No foreign ringed Linnets have been recovered in the West Midlands in spite of the fact that large numbers arrive on the east coast, in autumn, to winter here. Two birds recorded at Lit-et-Mixe and St. Nazaire are interesting, both showing examples of birds on passage. The former ringed at Hopwas, in Staffordshire, in October 1970 and recovered later in the same month clearly shows a wintering movement to the continent but the latter, when ringed in October 42

1934 at Malvern in Worcestershire, could have been either a British or a Continental bird on migration; similarly its control in St. Nazaire in March 1936 could indicate either a movement back to Britain or passage to its continental breeding grounds. Records of movements within Britain show an adult ringed in August 1966, in Kirby Moorside, Yorkshire moving 145 miles S.S.W. to Barford in Warwickshire by October 1966, a post juvenile ringed at Weston Park in Staffordshire, in April 1970, moving 115 miles N.N.E. to Bedale in Yorkshire by the following July and an adult ringed at Portland Bill, Dorset in November 1980, being controlled 234 kilometres further north at Stubbers Green, Walsall in September 1982.

Summary (a) Bullfinches are sedentary birds with life spans of between 6 months and 3-4 years. (b) Foreign controls of British ringed Goldfinches show movements to Spain during the autumn. (c) Autumn/winter controls of British ringed Linnets show a general coastal movement through France into Spain.

Ackno wledgem ents I am most grateful to the large numbers of ringers and their helpers who have carried out ringing work within the area. Their co-operative field work and their subsequent efficient submission of details of retraps and controls to the Ringing Secretary is much appreciated. A E Coleman, 67 Park Lane, Bonehill, Tamworth, Staffordshire B78 3EH. Ringing Secretary

44

1988 Bird Record Localities

The following alphabetical list for each county gives the grid reference of all localities mentioned in the Report. The accompanying map shows every locality for which a record was submitted in 1988.

Warwickshire SP0957 Cubbinglon Wood SP3468 Long Itchinglon SP4165 Alvecote SK2504 Curdworth SP1892 Long Lawford SP4776 Ansley SP309I Long Maiston 3P1548 Arbury SP3389 •aw Mill SP2689 Lower Radbourne SP4457 SP1154 Oevitts Green SP2790 Lowsonford SP1867 SP3948 Gordon SK2600 Arley SP2890 •raycote SP4669 Mappleborough Green SP0765 Aslley SP3189 Marston SP2094 Aslley Gorse SP2989 Earlswood SP1174 Marton SP4069 Alherstone SP3097 Eathorpe SP3969 Maxstoke SP2386 Avon Dassell SP4149 Edge Hill SP3747 Middleton SP1898 SP2748 Moreton Morrell SP3156 Baddesley Common SP2797 Exhall SP3485 Moreton Paddox SP3054 Bannans Wood SP1164 Exhall SP1055 Bedworth, The Nook SP3486 Naplon SP4759 Farnborough SP4349 Bedworth Slough SP3587 SP2392 SP4151 Bedworth Woodlands SP3487 New Arley SP2989 SP2887 The Bellry Golf Course SP1895 Fillongley Newbold Comyn SP3365 Flints wood SP2485 Bentley SP2895 SP2957 SP2499 Bermuda SP3589 Freasley North End SP3952 Bidford SP0951 Nuneaton SP3691 SP3654 SP1353 Grandborough SP4965 Birchmoor SK2501 Oakley Wood SP3059 Great Packington SP2384 Bishops Itchington SP3755 Old Arley SP2890 Grendon Wood SP2798 Bodymoor Heath SP1996 Oldbury SP3095 Over Whitacre SP2591 SP3337 Hams Hall Power Station Bramcote SP4188 SP2092 Oxhill SP3146 Brandon SP3875 Hartshill SP3294 Brookampton SP3151 Heach Wood SP2588 Packington SP2384 Bulkington SP3986 Henley-in-Arden SP1566 Packwood SP1772 Burton Dassett SP3950 Poolfields SP3253 Burton Hastings SP4189 SP2043 SP4756 SP3150 Priors Marston SP4756 Judkins Quarry SP3493 Purley Chase SP3096 Chadshunt SP3553 Chapel Ascote SP4156 Kenilworlh SP2971 SP3649 Chapel Green SP2785 Kinelon SP3351 Ragley Hall SP0755 Chase Wood SP2S72 Kingsbury SP2096 Rugby SP5175 Chesterton SP2656 Kinwalsey SP2585 Ryton Wood SP3872 Church End SP2992 Church Lawford SP4476 Ladywalk SP2191 Seeswood Pool SP3290 Clowes Wood SP0973 Lawford SP4676 Shawbury SP2588 Coleshill SP20B9 Lea Marston SP2093 Shilton SP40B4 SP3051 Leamington SP3165 Shrewley SP2267 Compton Verney SP3152 Lighthorne SP3355 Shustoke SP2291 Coombe Abbey SP4079 Lillington SP3267 SP2159 Corley SP3085 Little Alne SP1361 Somers, The SP2282 Colon SP2194 Little Packington SP2184 Stockton SP4364 45

Stoneton SP4654 Utton Fields SP3761 SP3043 Sloney Thorpe Hall SP4062 Upper Shuckborough SP4961 Whateley SP2299 Stratford-upon-Avon SP2055 Upton SP3645 Wood SP3034 Sullon-under-Brailes SP3036 Whitacre Heath SP2192 Sych Wood SP2092 Wappenbury Wood SP3770 Whittletord Park SP3392 Warmington SP4147 Winderton SP3240 SP2864 SP0854 Temple Herdewyke SP3752 Wasperton SP2658 Wood End SP2498 Temple Pool SP3744 Wellesbourne SP27SS WootlonWawen SP1563 Tysoe SP3544 Wei lesbourne Wood SP2753 Wormleighton SP4451

Worcestershire Abberton S09953 Broome S09078 Finstall S09770 AbLench SP0151 BuH, The S08167 Fladbury S09946 Alfrick S07453 Frankley S09980 Areley Hall S08070 Caldewell Wood S09148 Callow Hill S07473 Arrow Valley SP0665 Greenhill SP0445 Arrow Valley Lake SP0665 Captain's Pool S08474 Grimley S08360 Ashton-under-Hill S09937 Castlemorton CommonS07839 GuarUord S08145 Astley S07867 Chaddesley Wood S09173 Gullet, The S07638 Astley Burl S08167 Charford S09569 S08069 Charlton S08371 Aston Mill S09435 Chase End S07635 Hagley S09180 Avon Valley S09545 Chateau Impney S09164 Ham Bridge S07361 Childswickham SP0738 Hanbury 309GG3 Badsey SP0743 Churchill , S08879 Happy Valley S07645 Barnard's Green S07845 Church Lench SP0251 Hartlebury Common S08270 Baughton SOS841 Claines S08558 Hartlebury Tip S08570 Baughton Park S08353 Cleeve Hill SP0748 Harvington SP0549 Becklord S09735 Clent S09379 S07671 Belbroughlon S09276 Clevelode Hams S08447 Hillditch Coppice S08270 Beoley Mill Pond SP0670 Clilton. S08446 Hindlip S087S8 S07875 Cotton Hackett SP0075 Hinton-on-the-Green SP0240 Birchwood S08081 Cotton Richards SP0175 Hollybed Common S07737 Birlingham S09342 Collins Green S07457 Hollybush S07636 Bishampton S09851 Cowsden S09453 Holt S08262 Bittell SP0174 Croome S08845 Holt Fleet S08263 Blackpole S08657 Croome Court SOB844 Holy Well S07641 Boggin, The Cropthorne S09944 Hornhill Wood S09SS8 Bourne Brook S09041 Huddington S09457 Bransford Bridge S08053 Deertold Wood S09047 Hunthouse Wood S07070 Bredicot S09054 Detford S09143 Hurcott Pool S08577 Bredon S09136 Defford Airfield S09044 S09139 Devil's Spittleful S08074 llley Brook S09781 Bredon's Hardwick S09135 Diglis S08453 Inlerfield S07749 Bredon's Norton S09339 Dodford S09373 Ipsley Alders SP0767 Bretforton SP0443 Doverdale S08566 Island Pool S08580 Briar Mill S08762 Dowles Brook S07776 Brick Kiln Lane SP0775 Oroitwich Canal S08661 S07640 Kempsey S08549 British Camp Reservoir S07639 Eastham S06568 Kempsey Common S08748 Broadmore Green SOS 153 Eckington S09241 Kersoe S09939 Broadway SP0937 SP0343 S08376 Broadway Gravel Pit SP0837 Eymore Wood S07779 Kingsway, The S08172 Broadway Hill SP1136 Knapp and Papermill S07451 S09570 Feckenham SP0161 Kyre Pool S06364 46

Ladies Pool Old Hills SOS248 Teme Valley S08252 Larford SDR1R9 Dlrl Rtorridge SC7551 Thorngrovo S08260 Larkins, The S07760 Ombersley SOB463 Throckmorton S09849 Lickey S09975 Throckmorton Tip S09748 Lickey Warren SP0075 S09445 Tibberton S09057 Lickey Woods S09975 Pirton S08747 Tilesford S09650 Lineholt S08266 Porter's Mill S08660 Timberhonger S09270 Little Comberton S09643 Powick S08351 Tor Coppice S07451 Little Lakes S07672 Powick Bridge S08352 Trench Wood S09258 Little Malvern S07740 Powick Hams S08352 Trimpley S07778 Littleworth S09962 Priestfield S08244 Twyford SP0446 Long Saw Croft $09779 Puckrup S08836 Lower Broadheath S08157 Upper Welland S07840 Lower Moor S09847 Oueenhill S08636 Upton-upon-Severn S08540 Lower Smite S08958 Upton Warren S09367 Lower Wick SOB352 Radford SP0054 Lulsey S07455 S07536 Lynall's Coppice S07375 Walton Hill S09479 Ravenshill Wood S07353 Warndon S08856 Redditch Madeley Heath S09577 SP0467 Weethley Wood SP0455 Rhydd Malvern S07745 S08345 West Hagley S09080 S07745 S07873 West Malvern S07646 Ripple Mamble S06871 S08738 Westwood S08763 Rock Coppice S07673 Martley S07559 Weyman's Wood S07262 Rous Lench SP0153 Martin Hussingtree S08860 White Leafed Oak S07535 Menithwood S07069 Whitethorn Bank S08053 Mid-Summer Hill S07637 Salwarpe Valley S08762 Wichenford S07860 Mill Pond S07737 Sharpway Gate S09565 Wickhamford SP0641 Monkwood S07961 Shelsley Walsh S07263 Wilden S08272 Murcott SP0640 Sling Pool S09477 Wildmoor S09575 Mythe Bridge S08833 South Littleton SP0746 Wissetts Wood S06772 Spetchley S08953 Withy Wells S08955 Nafford S09441 Standbatches S07164 S08279 Naunton Beauchamp S09652 Stanford Bridge S07067 Woodcote S09172 New Mill Bridge S07262 Stanford Court S07065 Wood Norton SP0147 North Hill S07646 Stonehall SOS848 Worcester SOB454 North Malvern S07647 Stourport S08171 S07645 Norton S08751 Strensham S09039 Wyche, The S07744 Norton Barracks S08651 Strensham Sludge Lagoons Wyre Forest S07676 Nunnery Wood S08754 S09139 Wyre Mill S09546 Sugar Loaf S07645 Wyre Piddle S09647 Oakley S08960 S07638 Wychbold S09266 Ockeridge S07861 Wythall SP0775 Offenham SP0546 S07646 Offerton S08958 Temeside Way S08451 Yeald Wood SP0152

Staffordshire Abbots Bromley SK0824 Bagots Park SK0927 Betley Mere SJ7447 Admaston SK0523 Barlaston SJ8938 Biddulph Pool SK0309 Alrewas SK1715 Barton Pit SK2017 Bishton SK0220 Alrewas Hayes SK1315 Barton-under-Needwood SK1818 Blackbrook SK0064 Anslow SK2125 Beaudesert SK0313 Blake Brook SK0761 Aqualate SJ7720 Belvide SJ8610 Blithfield SK0623 Ashmoor Park SJ9602 Berry Hill SJ8946 Boarsgrove SK0462 Ashwood S08688 Betley Hall SJ7549 Borrowpit Lake SK2003 47

Bottom House SK0452 Forton SJ7521 Lower Avenue SJ8807 Branston SK2120 Fradley SK1513 Brewood SJ8808 Freehay SK0241 Maer Hills SJ7739 Brocton SJ9619 Froghall SK0247 Madeley SJ7744 Brocton Coppice SJ9819 Manifold Valley SK0954 Burntwood SK0509 Gailey SJ9310 Marston SK9227 Burton Manor Road SJ2191 Garden Festival site SJ8647 Mayfield SK1545 German Cemelery SJ9815 Meaford Power Stalion SJ8835 Calwich Lake SK1243 GibTorr SK0264 Meerbrook SJ9860 Camp Hill SJ7740 Gilberts Cross S08186 Meir Heath SJ9340 Cannock Chase SK0017 SJ8220 Middle Mayfield SK1444 Cannock Tip SJ9909 Goldsitch Moss SK0165 Mill Green Park SJ9810 Canwell SK1400 Gradbach SJ9965 Millwich SJ9732 Cat Holme SK2015 Greenway Bank SJ8B55 Morridge SK0256 Chasetown SK0408 Gunhill SJ9661 Moseley Old Hall SJ9304 Chasewater SK0307 Gunstone SJ8705 Chatterley SJB451 Needwood SK1624 Cheadle SK0143 Hamstall Ridware SK1019 Newcastle SJ8445 Checkhill Bog S08587 Hanchurch SJ8441 Newlands SK0009 Cheslyn Hay SJ9707 Hanley SJ8747 New Valley Landfill site SK8950 Chillington SJ8606 Hanley Forest Park SJ8848 Norbury SJ7922 Churnet Valley SK0246 Hatherton Reservoir SJ9510 Clay Mills SK2625 Hawksmoor Wood SK0344 Oakamoor SK0544 SJ8603 Hazelslade SK0212 Oliver Hill SK0267 Cobridge Tip SJ8849 Hedneslord SK0012 Coley Mill SJ7819 Hem Heath SJ8840 Park Hall SJ9345 Consall SJ9848 Hen Cloud SK0061 Pasturefields SJ9825 Coombes Valley SK0052 Highgate Common S08389 Pattingham S08299 Copmere SJ8029 High Offley SJ7826 Pendeford SJ8904 Coven SJ9006 Hill Chorlton SJ8039 Pottal Pool SJ9714 Cresswell Grove SJ8925 Hill Ridware SK0717 Punchbowl SJ9820 Croxall SK1914 Himley SOS891 Croxden SK0341 Hixon SK0025 Rickerscote SJ9320 Cuckoo Bank SK0310 Holden Lane Tip SJ8950 Roaches SK0063 Hopwas Wood SK1705 Roach End SJ9964 Oanebridge SJ9665 Rocester SK1139 Deep Hayes SJ9653 Jackson Coppice SJ7930 Rudyard SJ9459 Dimmingsdale SK0543 Rugeley SK0417 Doley Common SJ8121 Keele SJ8045 Dosthill SK2100 Keele University SJ8244 Seisdon S08394 Downs Banks SJ9036 Kettlebrook Lake SK2103 Seven Springs SK0020 Ooxey SJ9024 Kings Bromley • SK1216 Sherbrook Valley SJ9B18 Drayton Bassett SK1900 Kingsmead Marshes SJ9223 Shipley S08095 Drystone Edge SK0268 King's Standing SK1624 Shoal Hill SJ9711 Dydon Wood SK1344 Kingswood SJ9908 Slitting Mill SK0317 Kinver Edge SOS383 Sneyd Green SJ8949 SJ8329 Knotbury SK0168 Somerford Hall SJ9008 Elford SK1810 Knypersley SJ8955 Stafford SJ9223 Enville S08286 Stafford Common SJ9125 Essington SJ9503 Lichfield SK1110 Stockley Park SK2025 Etchinghill SK0218 Little Aston SK0900 Stoke-upon-Trent SJ8745 Little Hay SK1202 Stone SJ9034 Fazeley SK1902 Little Wyrley SK0105 Stowe Pool SK1210 Flash SK0267 Loggerheads SJ7336 Stretton SJ8811 Foie SK0437 Longsdon Mill Pool SJ9554 Strongford SJ8739 Folly Wood SJ7336 Longsdon Wood SJ9655 Swallow Moss SK0660 Ford Green SJ8950 Lordsley SJ7437 Swindon S08690 48

Swinfin SK1306 Upper Hatton SJ8337 Wheaton Aston SJ8512 SJ8535 Upper Longtion .SKI1S14 Whitmnnr SJ7910 Swythamley SJ9764 Uttoxeter SK0933 Whitemoor Hay SK1813 Whittington SK1608 Tamworth SK2003 Water Eaton SJ9011 Wilnecote SK2201 Three Shires Head SK0068 Watford Gap SK1100 Wombourne S08793 Tittesworth SJ9959 Wanford Cross SK0314 SJ7925 SJ9722 Weeford SK1403 Wychnor SK1716 Trentham SJ8640 Werrington SJ9647 Trescott S08497 Weston Coyney SJ9343 Yarnfield SJ8632 Trysull S08594 Westport SJ8550 Yoxall SK1419

West Midlands Aldridge SK0500 Four Oaks SP9918 Queslett Gravel Pit SP0694 Ashmore Park SJ9061 Quinton Gornal S09190 Bartley Reservoir SP0081 SP0495 Saltwells Wood S09387 Bentley Pools S09898 Sandwell Valley SP0291 Berkswell SP2479 S02080 Sedgley SP9194 Bickenhill SP1882 Handsworth Wood SP0590 Sheepwash Urban Park S09790 Bilston " S09496 Hockley Heath SP1572 Shut End SOS989 Birmingham City Centre SP0686 Hollywood SP0B78 Solihull SP1579 Bournville SP0481 Hydes Road Pool S09994 Stonebridge SP2183 Bradnock's Marsh SP2179 Stubbers Green SK0401 Branton Hill Quarry Kingstanding SP0794 Sutton Coldlield SP1296 Brierley Hill Pools S09186 Knowle SP1876 Sutton Park. SP0997 Brookvale Park SP0991 Swanshurst Park SP0981 Brownhills Common SK0405 Marston Green SP1785 Meriden SP2482 Tividale SP0198 Chelmsley Wood SP1886 Minworth SP1692 Tritlilord Park SP0980 Complon S0889B Monkspath SP1474 Turners Hill S09688 Coseley Moseley SP0783 Cotwall End S09192 Valley Park S09198 Coventry SP3379 Netherton Reservoir S09388 Newtown SP068B Dicken s Heath SP1176 Walsall Arboretum SP0198 Dorridge SP1675 Oldbury S09889 Warley SP0186 Dunstall Park S09198 Olton Reservoir SP1381 SP0091 Willenhall S09698 Edgbaston Reservoir SP0486 Park Lime Pits SP0299 Witlon Lakes SP0892 Erdington SP9911 Pensnett S09188 SP9198 49

Classilied Notes The sequence followed is that of the "British Birds" List of Birds of the Western Palearctic (1978), which follows Professor K H Voous's "List of Recent Holarctic Bird Species" (1977). The average arrival and departure dates given for migrants are based respectively on the first and last dates (excluding freaks) shown in the Annual Reports up to 1988. Figures in brackets denote the number of years on which the averages are based. Intables, —denotes no count available. Information for five-year summaries is derived principally from "The Atlas of Wintering Birds in Britain and Ireland" by Peter Lack, British Trust, for Ornithology, and the Irish Wildbird Conservancy (Winter Atlas — BTO for short), Birds of the West Midlands, Harrison et al (BWM) and my own head. See page 172 for key to contributors.

Red-throated Diver Abnormal numbers in 1979 and 1988 cloud the five-yearly picture, but the increase may nevertheless reflect a slightly healthier British breeding population. The quite unprecedented flock at Belvide in November arose from cold north-easterly winds; these winds resulted in a number of other inland records, together with an increased presence on the east coast.

1964-68 _ 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No ol birds 2 4 6 10 30

Warks One at Kingsbury from January 7 lo 17 showed signs of oiling, several observers. One at Shustoke on November 20 JAA. Worcs An oiled bird at Larford on December 22 GHP, SMW. Staffs One at Belvide from January 21 to 28 several observers. Belvide was then host to a remarkable flock of 18 which flew around calling for five minutes on November 19. 15 flew off west, with three remaining until 20 SN, IL, EAG.

Black-throated Diver The current five-yearly total is more normal after the cold weather of 1979 produced the preceding high figure. It seems to be the rarest of the three divers on inland waters.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 4 2 5 16 6

Staffs Last year's bird remained at Chasewater until January 17, several observers.

Great Northern Diver The most numerous of the divers visiting the Region between 1929 and 1978, it has been overtaken by the Red-throated. Numbers characteristically vary between periods. As a deep water feeder, it is 50

surprising that they are relatively regular, inland. The Winter Atlas (STO) suggests migratory overshooting by immatures as a contributory cause.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 4 1 12 12 5

Little Grebe Monthly maxima at Alvecote:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

14 4 1 4 4 4 4 — 2 2 4 B

Warks Pairs bred at Alvecote (two), Brandon (possibly five), Chesterton, River Learn, Packington (five), Ragley Hall, The Somers, Temple Herdewyke, Temple Pool, Whittleford Park and Whitacre Heath. Possibly bred at seven other sites. Other maxima, at Brandon (10), Coton (10) and Hartshill (16). Worcs Four pairs bred at Larford, producing at least 11 young. Single pairs bred at Beckford, Broadway, Croome, Grimley and Pirton. 20 was the highest winter total, at Larford on February 17, while 37 there on September 19 was the autumn peak. 16 were at Westwood on November 17. Elsewhere, smaller numbers were seen at 16 localities. Staffs Two pairs bred at Barton, Branston, Doxey, Mill Green and Westport, with single pairs at Elford, Freehay and Kettlebrook. Maxima of 10 at Barton on January 2,17 at Chasewater on September 1B, and 10 adults at Mill Green during September. Present at Belvide and Westport throughout the year and also noted at Borrowpit, Pendeford and Rudyard. WMid Confirmed breeding at Branton Hill Quarry, Darley End, Meriden (two pairs), Park Lime Pits, Sandwell Valley, Sheepwash U.P., Stubbers Green and Warrenshall. The only double figure count received was of 10 on the canal at Valley Park, Wolverhampton in January and February with smaller numbers at 11 other localities.

1987 Addendum WMid 26 birds on an unfrozen stretch of canal near Oxley Moor Road, Wolverhampton on January 14, and a pair successfully bred on the canal near Compton.

Great Crested Grebe Monthly maxima at main sites:

J F M A M J J A s O N D

Alvecote 5 10 16 20 21 16 22 13 8 11 7 4 Coton 7 6 19 — 65 61 — — 9 11 110 22 Draycote 28 5 — — — — — 20 22 27 30 9 Earlswood 5 16 22 20 20 25 30 — 32 24 10 — Kingsbury ' 25 56 54 32 24 24 26 Shustoke 4 7 7 3 — — — 9 5 7 11 4 51

J F M A M J J A s O N D

Bittell 22 29 16 5 9 6 4 3 Larford 1 9 14 11 25 20 16 2 7 3 2 3 I Iptnn WRrrpn 4 1(1 1A m n m 6 6 4 3 3 Westwood 14 20 20 14 21 12 10 8 6 5 9 6

Aqualate I 4 14 19 U 21 6 U U Belvide 27 21 24 21 50 24 11 27 27 46 30 30 Blithfield 43 IB 41 — — — 124 111 56 28 69 36 Borrowpit — 7 9 — — 7 4 2 5 10 7 — Chasewater 17 23 39 — — 26 22 32 2B 26 17 4 Knypersley ' — — — 10 — B 18 — — 6 — — Westport 5 10 11 9 7 5 7 11 14 17 9 4

Sandwell Valley 1 12 1B 21 12 B 13 10 3 4 2 1

Warks Pairs bred at Alvecote (three), Brandon (two broods of two), Compton Verney, Chesterton, Earlswood (four), Farnborough, Kingsbury (four), Middleton (two), Napton, Packington (six), Ragley Hall, Seeswood, The Somers (two) and Wormleighton. Worcs Pairs bred at Beckford Captain's Pool, Ladies Pool, Larford (two), Lower Moor (two), Upton Warren (three) and Westwood (three). Pairs noted in the breeding season at Beckford, Church Lench Pool, Hurcott Pool, Pirton and Strensham. Small numbers recorded elsewhere at Bredon's Hardwick, Kyre Pool and Trimpley. Staffs Bred at Aqualate, Blithfield (one pair only), Branston (three pairs), Chasewater (five pairs), Doxey (two pairs), Elford, Barton (two pairs), Knypersley, Rudyard (two pairs), Swythamley, Tixall and Weston Coyney. 39 at Chasewater in March was a site record. Maxima elsewhere were 19 at Gailey in January, and 16 at Barton and Rudyard in May. WMid Bred at Brierley Hill Pools (three pairs), Brookvale Park, Meriden, Netherton, Sandwell Valley (two pairs), Sheepwash U.P., Sutton Park, The Vale, Trittiford Park and West Smethwick Park. 31 at Sutton Park on March 13 included 22 on Powells Pool. Also recorded at Plants Brook, Stubbers Green and Swanshurst Park.

Red-necked Grebe A consistent picture over the two preceding five-yearly periods (largely a reflection of cold weather movements), with good totals in three out of the last five years, though 1988 was poor. The Winter Atlas (BTO) indicated a national wintering population of 120-170, so the Regional figure is of note.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 8 6 5 30 30

Staffs One at Copmere from January 8 to 11 WJL, GMH, BDC.

1987 Addendum Warks One at Draycote from January 12 to 16 GMH. The individual at Kingsbury on March 7 and 8 was last seen on 11 GMH. 52

Slavonian Grebe After declining five-yearly totals, a marked improvement, possibly a reflection of the slowly increasing Scottish population; of the last five years, this is the poorest year since 1984.1987 was by far the best, with 12 birds, mostly in January and part of an influx of grebes at that time.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-68

No of birds 6 21 14 13 23

Warks One at Draycote on November 13 AC, ARD.

Black-necked Grebe After a decline in the mid-70's, numbers have steadily improved to give the highest ever five-yearly total. Better numbers seem to be associated with improved breeding on the Continent. 1988, with 14 birds, was an exceptionally good year.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-86

No ol birds 23 34 11 22 43

Warks One at Draycote on October 14 GMH. Worcs Adults at Arrow Valley Lake on March 3 Z.C and at Westwood on April 22 WD, SMW. One at Bittell on September 2 MJI, GJM. Staffs Birds in breeding plumage recorded as follows: two at Chasewater on April 2 GE, two at Blithfield on May 13 MDJ, GA, andalsotwoatTittesworth on the same day, one at Belvide from May 18 to 26 SN, PCF, WJL. The only autumn record was a single bird at Blithfield on October 25 BR. W Mid One at Sheepwash U.P. on May 14 and 15 MAS, and another at Bradnock's Marsh from September 18 to 29 per NPB.

1987 Addendum Warks The bird at Kingsbury on October 22 was also present on 19 and 23 BLK.

Manx Shearwater Warks One at Draycote on September 7 AC. Worcs One picked up at Arley Hall on September 3 was later released on the Severn Estuary SMW. Another exhausted bird, found at Belbroughton on September 6, died SMWand is now in Worcester City Museum. W Mid Four exhausted birds were released at RSPB Sandwell Valley. They were found at Redditch (Worcs) on September 2, Wolverhampton on 3, Oldbury on 5 and Handsworth on 7. The first bird was released on September 2 and was still present on 3 RSPB, DAS.

Leach's Petrel Staffs A well watched bird at Belvide on September 5 SN. One at Westport on September 19 WJL, BDCand one at Blithfield on November 14 was found during the monthly wildfowl count, in a flock of Mallard WJL. 53

Gannet

1964-66 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No ot birds 1 a- 5 5 4

Staffs A third year bird, found exhausted at Meir Heath after gales on July 15, was taken into care and later released on the Welsh coast on August 14 PCF.

Cormorant Good numbers at Kingsbury and again at Blithfield. Monthly maxima at principal waters:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Kingsbury 53 70 73 35 16 3 3 9 10 37 51 55 Ladywalk 30 34 3 3 1 1 — — 4 16 22 25 Shustoke 1 3 3 2 1 35 3

Bittell 1 1 2 1 Bredon's Hardwick 17 3 2 1 8 2 14 Lartord 3 5 8 1 1 — — — 2 2 — 1 Pirton — 3 2 2 1 Upton Warren — — — 1 — — — 3 9 2 1 — Westwood 2 5 5 5 1 — — ' — 1 1 — 4

Aqualate 15 24 32 3 5 2 8 31 9 36 22 Barton — — 21 23 24 6 — — 8 — — — Belvide 20 12 22 14 2 2 0 6 8 10 28 28 Blithfield 71 59 71 30 15 13 17 48 78 75 91 85 Chasewater 3 8 — — — — — — 25 — 3 13 Gailey 27 13 2 4

Sheepwash U.P. — — 3 — 1 1 1 5 1 —

Warks Others from less regular sites were reported as follows: Alvecote, Brandon, Draycote (an exceptional 26 in April), Coton (max 32) Ragley, The Somers, Stoneton, and Wormleighton. Worcs Seven adults passed over Church Lench on April 1. Smaller numbers at Beckford, Bromsgrove, Fladbury Holt, Holy Well, Lower Moor, Ribbesford, Ripple, Spetchley and Strensham. Three were at the Gullet Quarry pond on March 15 and again on October 15 to 29. Maxima of 74 at Hill Ridware on August 21, and 52 on October 15. Seen Staffs over Westport regularly with a maximum of 10 on April 19. 14 flew over Alrewas on December 28. Also noted at Borrowpit, Branston, Chillington, Doxey, Elford, Kings Bromley, Kingswood and Tittesworth. The usual spring occurrence of a very pale headed bird was noted at Belvide on March 17 and 21. Sheepwash U.P. was the most regularly visited locality with some even W Mid landingl Elsewhere, groups were noted flying over Brierley Hill Pools (eight) on March 28, Park Lime Pits (10) on April 10 and Erdington (18) on September 11, with smaller numbers reported overCradley Heath, Haden Hill and Smethwick. No information received from Sandwell Valley. 54

Shag This species is known to be eruptive, for reasons not fully understood. These eruptions cause many of the inland records and the last was in 1983/4, producing 10 in 1984.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-68

No of records 2 3 30 22 16 No of birds 2 7 53 39 19

Worcs An immature at Westwood on September 25 SMW. Staffs At Blithfield, an immature on September 4 GMH, MJI, and an adult on October 15 GMH.

Bittern With the slowly declining breeding population, the increasing records must be from north-west Europe.

1964-68 1969-73 , 1974-76 1979-83 1964-68

No of birds 8 9 10 12 20

Warks The much-observed individual at Ladywalk remained until January 5. Another, or possibly the same, appeared in the same area from January 31 to March 4 BLKetal. A second or third, from October 22 to 26 BLK, KAL, rounded off an impressive year for the species at this locality. Worcs One fed in a garden pond at Finstall on November 2 JGMcS. One flew south over Arrow Valley on December 23 JS.

1985 Addendum

Warks One on a small pool at Bermuda on February 9 or 16 JW.

Grey Heron Warks Only reported as breeding at Arrow (10 pairs) and Ragley Hall where 19 pairs fledged 30 young. Presumably bred in good numbers again at Coombe but no details received. Maxima of 10 at Alvecote and The Somers, with nine at Kingsbury and seven at Chesterton, Draycote and Earls wood. Worcs One occupied heronry held 15 nests. Maxima as follows: eight at Bittell on April 4, eight at Bredon's Hardwick on July 10, seven at Larford on July 9, and 12 at Westwood on September 11. Staffs An improvement in the number of nests reported, with 29 at Aqualate, 89 at Bagots Wood, one at Checkhill Bog, six at Chillington, four at Eccleshall Castle, nine at Enville, 28 at Gailey, 13 at Longsden Wood, two in the south- west, 36 near Tamworth, and three at Trentham, giving a total of 220. Notable counts were 52 at Blithfield on June 19, where a juvenile melanistic bird appeared on June 26, and 25 at Rudyard on August 17. 55

W Mid Eight nests at Berkswell, but it is not known how many were occupied. Maxima of nine at Wyndley Pool, Sutton Park on October 3 with smaller numbers noted at Acocks Green, Knowle, Olton Reservoir, Park Lime Pits, Rushall, Sheepwash U.P., Smethwick, Sneyd Reservoir, Stubbers Green, Valley Park, Walsall Arboretum and Willenhall Memorial Park.

Spoonbill Since the 1950's there has been an increase in records, in line with the national trend.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 3 7 5 9 7

Warks One at Kingsbury on April 23 DH. The last three county records have come from the Kingsbury or Ladywalk areas. Worcs An adult at Upton Warren on April 11 CR. Staffs A summer plumaged adult at Doxey on April 16 RS, HS, JC.

Mute Swan Summer flock numbers at the main sites continue to improve to levels nearer those of the early 1970's. Monthly maxima at main sites:

J F M A M J J A s O N D

Alvecote 41 22 28 56 64 66 138 130 52 12 7 24 Coton 21 8 15 — — — — — 63 42 43 49 Kingsbury 1B 20 11 — — — — — 9 — 19 13

Bredon's Hardwich 15 10 20 16 12 2 9 1 3 6 7 11 Larlord 4 — 1 2 5 17 17 — 2 3 0 0 Pirton IS 10 — 2 — 5 — — 7 1 35 40 Ripple — 10 — 18 12 — — — — — — 20 Worcester — — — — — — — 23 14 — — 3

Belvide 9 6 7 16 26 45 49 44 46 26 5 7 Blithlield 3 6 2 8 31 50 72 57 34 2 1 — Chasewater 17 7 5 12 12 10 26 34 49 49 48 49 Kettlebrook 60 6 6 — 6 9 — 3 10 9 9 8 Westport 46 40 40 40 50 49 43 47 48 52 40 48

Warks Pairs bred at Alvecote (two), Brandon (two), Bedworth Slough, Chesterton, Great Packington, Kingsbury (three), Ladywalk, Middleton, The Somers and Whitacre Heath. Worcs Successful breeding reported at Birlingham, Church Lench, Croome, Eckington, Grimley, Hindlip, Lower Moor, Pirton, Stourport, Thorngrove and Westwood. Staffs Successful breeding at Betley, Belvide, Chatteriy, Doxey, Elford (three pairs), Ford Green, Hanley Forest Park, Holden Lane, Kettlebrook, Loggerheads, Mill Green, Stoke, Weston Coyney and Westport. 52 at Catholme on January 24, feeding on a rape field, had increased to 98 by 56

March 13. At Aqualate on April 13, a party of 10 was the largest there for some time. Also reported from five other sites. W Mid Bred at Bilston, Brierley Hill Pools (unsuccessful), Clayhanger (two pairs), Queslett, Stubbers Green (seven young reared) and Sheepwash U P. (four young reared). A pair summered at Willenhall where they had not bred for a number of years. Sightings from a further seven localities.

Bowick'e Swan A reasonable spread of records but numbers were lower than in the previous two years, particularly in the Severn Valley, presumably due to the mild weather. Warks Four at Alvecote on February 16 and 12 there on March 13. Present at Draycote in both winter periods, with 10 from January 10 to 17,17 from 23 to 26 and 12 from January 30 to February 13. Three remained from February 19 to 21. Two adults returned on November 5 and stayed until the year's end. They were joined by others on November 13 (five) and December 21 (two). Worcs At Bredon's Hardwick, six were present on January 9, three on January 17, 72 on February 27 and 26 on March 5. Four were seen there on December 10 and seven flew south on December 24. Elsewhere, a flock of about 50 passed over Redditch on November 21, while a party of 22 were reported flying over Bretforton, Church Lench and Hornhill Wood on November 27 two at Westwood on November 3, and six flew over Throckmorton on November 23. Staffs Up to three adults present around the Tame-Trent confluence from January 24 to February 19: three at Croxall on the first date, two at Catholme on February 6 and a single from February 14 to 19. Two occurred at Borrowpit on March 8. One at Blithfield on October 30, two on November 4, three on November 20 and one on November 22. At Belvide, four occurred on November 4, seven on November 20 and 10 on December 22. WMid Nine flew south-east over Valley Park, Wolverhampton on November 7.

Whooper Swan A thin year, presumably a reflection of the mild weather. The chart shows a fall in numbers, reflecting, in part, lower wintering numbers in north Staffs, rather than a fall nationally.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No. ol records 9 12 36 29 29 No ol birds 20 41 104 110 78

Staffs A family party, consisting of two adults and three juveniles, flew north over Barleston on January 10 PCF. 57

Wild Swan Worcs Three adults flying over Upton Warren on November 19 were possibly Whoopers DAJ. Staffs Nine at Belvide on November 7.

Bean Coose Staffs The three adults from last year (A.f. rossicus), accompanied four Whitefronts and one Pink-foot at Wheaton Aston until January 3 DS, FCG, PKD. One was at Branston on January 9 MM, ATA.

Pink-footed Goose The chart reflects the national picture: "The increase has been attributed to more favourable conditions in Britain in winter, where farming changes (larger fields of winter sown crops) have led to an increased food supply . . . and because refuges have been established on many of the more important roosts" (Winter Atlas — BTO).

1964-68 1969-73 1974-7B 1979-83 1984-88

No. of records 3 12 10 44 34 No of birds 5 67 35 1188 2209

Warks A probable feral bird at Brandon on May 14. Staffs An adult from 1987 remained with the Bean Geese until January 3 DS, FCG. One at Doxey from January 8 to February 19 MDB, FW, ID, three at Tittesworth from January 14 to February 14 FCG, WJL, NJS and five flew west over Branston on January 17 RMRJ, GFJ. A feral bird at Belvide on February 29 could have been the one from Doxey GMH. In the autumn, 60 and 120 flew north-west over Elford and Newcastle, respectively, on October 30 DJA and PJ and the larger flock were almost certainly those over Park Hall, also on 30 per PJ. At Blithfield, a feral bird between December 6 and 30 JCE-D, MDJ.

White-fronted Goose A remarkably consistent picture over the last two five-yearly periods as numbers vary from winter to winter on a national basis.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No. of records 22 51 32 48 49 No of birds 142 792 398 442 444

Warks Two at Kingsbury on February 14 GAA, MAA, JVH, and a probable feral bird at Alvecote on May 6. Worcs The adult at Arrow Valley Lake, present from 1987, was last seen on February 11 RFEB, LC. Several called as they passed over Blackpole, in darkness, on November 15 SMW. An injured immature stayed at Upton Warren from December 24 to 28 REH, SMW. Three flew over Bredon's Hardwick on December 28 TWH. 58

Staffs Two adults and two immatures were at Wheaton Aston from January 1 to 3, with the Bean Geese, DS, FCG, PKD. The two birds at Tittesworth from 1987 (A.a. albifrons), stayed into February when they were joined by another two on February 14, all remaining to at least March 14 NC, NJS, PCF, WJL. Singles at Belvide on January 17 EAG and December 12 GMH. Ten circled over Branston on December 17, departed south-west and were presumably the same as at Barton on December 18 TC, NT. One at Tittesworth from December 15 to 18 PJ.

Lesser White-fronted Goose Staffs A feral bird at Branston on January 9 and 19 TC, JCE-D.

Staffs 1987 Addendum A feral adult female at Branston from April to June and then from October 19 to December 13 also spent time at Drakelow (Derbys).

Greylag Goose Warks Bred at Kingsbury, where four juveniles were seen in early June. Unfortunately, none actually fledged. Other records involved maxima of six at Alvecote, 34 at Great Packington, 42 at Kingsbury and four at Seeswood. Worcs A single at Upton Warren on March 9 was followed by three there on May 4. At Bredon's Hardwick, singles were noted on April 14, May 1 and September 18, with three there on May 6. Two at Larford on April 8 and April 20, with presumably the same birds at Wilden on April 7. Three also recorded at Westwood on March 22 and April 10. Eight at Holt on April 24. Staffs Three at Blithfield from January 5 to 7. Four at Tittesworth on January 14, three remaining from 30 to February 7. One at Belvide on February 19 and March 9. Four at Elford on March 27 and possibly the same birds at Belvide on April 9. Two at Doxey on April 16, one on 20 and one at Chasewater on 21. A skein of eight flew east over Branston on May 5. Singles at Belvide on May 6, Westport on May 25 and 26 and two at Belvide on June 11. At Elford, one on November 19 and 10 at Branston on December 18. WMid One at Wyndley Pool, Sutton Park on October 3.

Snow Goose Worcs A white phase at Larford on May 7, another at Bishampton on June 11, with presumably the same bird at Church Lench on September 9 and October 2. Staffs One at Tittesworth on January 7 and February 9. Two at Belvide on May 13. Five immature blue-phase, just beginning to moult into adult plumage, at Elford from October 12 to 15. Four at Chillington from October 16 to December 14. WMid One flew over Valley Park, Wolverhampton on August 12. 59

Canada Goose

Although numbers vary, peak counts are not as high as in previous years.

J F M A M J J A s O N D

Alvecote 221 61 26 28 18 18 12 75 450 24 94 170 Brandon 169 100 93 56 82 42 60 300 300 53 30 93 Chesterton 100 140 120 — — — — 80 300 23 — 26 Draycote — — — — — — — 28 21 80 82 76 Kingsbury 179 200 189 — — 120 — — 300 150 224 178 Ladywalk 4 22 68 — — — — — 330 — — — Seeswood 40 54 169 291 150

Bittell 294 295 82 46 Bredon's Hardwick 200 150 70 26 37 9 38 96 28 250 137 202 Grimley and Holt 170 — — — — — 150 241 — — — — Larford 61 31 31 17 14 14 21 4 109 35 113 61 Pirton — 130 — 70 130 16 220 — 29 2 0 0 Upton Warren 60 72 66 60 45 48 88 135 154 284 53 — Westwood 240 2 15 28 6 126 80 90 565 52 40 18

Aqualate 122 46 126 — 227 353 384 306 Belvide 79 79 70 33 35 70 70 71 30 103 120 160 Blithfield 457 405 38 8 9 42 29 415 192 400 500 400 Doxey 205 211 63 27 39 59 71 200 89 206 84 285 Tittesworth 108 217 32 — — — — — — — — —

Sheepwash U.P. 39 50 37 36 27 20 35 152 95 27 48 25 60

Warks Breeding reported at , Brandon (15 pairs), Kingsbury (125 young seen), Ladywalk (50 young), Packington, Ragley and The Somers. Other notable gatherings were 90 at Earlswood, 54 at The Somers and 35 at Shustoke. Worcs 29 pairs bred at Arrow Valley Lake, raising 61 young from 147 eggs. Pairs also bred at Beckford (two), Bredon's Hardwick (two), Broadway, Broome, Church Lench, Grimley, Larford (four), Lower Moor, Pirton (five), Throckmorton, Upton Warren (three), and Westwood, 133 at Throckmorton on August 28 and 456 at Beckford on October 2. A single adult of one of the small dark races occurred at Bredon's Hardwick, Grimley, Holt and Westwood on various dates throughout the year. Staffs Bred at Aqualate (79 goslings), Blithfield (7 goslings), Borrowpit, Doxey (9 pairs), Elford (65 goslings), Gailey, Kingstanding, Rudyard and Westport. Other noteworthy counts were 217 at Tittesworth on February 7, 264 at Elford on August 21 and 124 at Chasewater (a site record) on September 8. Also noted at 10 other sites. Four Canada x Greylag hybrids at Belvide and one at Blithfield on November 20. WMid Breeding reported from Park Hall Pool, Sandwell Valley (14 broods fledged 67 young), Sheepwash U.P. (three broods fledged 12 young), Solihull, Sutton Park and Walsall Arboretum. Also noted at Bilston, Smethwick, The Vale, Valley Park and Willenhall Memorial Park.

Barnacle Goose Warks Probable wild birds occurred at Draycote and in the Kingsbury/Middleton area. At the former, six from January 1 to 3 PSL increased to seven from January 10 to February 6 REH, PDH, DJS. Another party of six, which arrived at the latter locality on December 26, were still in the area at the year's end GMH. Others, probably feral, appeared at Alvecote on April 22, Chesterton on March 13, Kingsbury on October 3 (two) and Seeswood from November 12 to 13. Worcs The wintering flock at Bittell numbered 104 on January 24 but only 63 remained at the month's end, which was the last report from this period. A flock of about 100 over Westwood on January 5 were presumed to be those from Bittell. 146 returned to Bittell on October 28 and 141 were still present on December 31. It seems very likely that this flock spends part of the winter in Dyfed, Wales, as numbers and arrival dates there in recent years match those at Bittell very closely. Elsewhere, up to six were at Bredon's Hardwick between March 12 and April 20, with another thereon November 2. Singles at Arrow Valley Lake from February 26 to March 9 and at Throckmorton on September 4. Other singles were noted with some regularity at Grimley, Larford, Upton Warren and Westwood on various dates. One at Bittell between August 20 and 24 was presumed feral, as was another at Worcester on January 9. Staffs Three at Blithfield on several dates from January 3 to March 2 and three at Doxey from February 9 to March 17. Singles at Hill Ridwa.re on August 7 61

Above: Dunlin; below: Curlew Sandpiper, both photographed by P Ward at Chasewater, Staffs. Above: Little Stint at Chasewater Staffs; below: Grey Phalarope at Belvide, Staffs, both photographed by P Ward. 63

and September 18, Belvide on September 5 and Blithfield on September 6 and 7. Two at Catholme on September 15 and at Elford on September 25. Singles at Belvide on September 12 and at Blithfield on 25, increasing to three on September 30 and remaining to the year's end. WMid Singles at Sheepwash U.P. on February 21 and The Vale, Edgbaston from February 29 to at least March 18. Three flew over Sheepwash U.P. on June 1 and one (lew over Valley Park, Wolverhampton on June 20. All considered to be feral.

Barnacle x Canada hybrid Staffs One at Blithfield on August 21 and November 13.

Brent Goose The dramatic increase in records over the last five years is coincident with an increasing breeding population.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-76 1979-83 1984-88

No ol records 4 a 1 2 19 No of birds 7' 21 1 2 54

Worcs A particularly pale individual appeared briefly at Westwood on May 13 SMW.

Egyptian Goose Warks Two adults at The Somers from June 15 to 20, with an immature on July 29. Worcs One at Astley on May 14 and two at Westwood on June 27. Staffs One at Elford on May 7 and 8; probably the same bird at Branston on May 10 and August 9. One at Barton on September 6. One near Codsall during June, July, October and December and at Belvide on December 12. WMid One at Sheepwash U.P. on May 17.

Ruddy Shelduck Worcs A feral bird present in the county for much of 1987 was again associating with Canadas at Grimley on January 3. It had moved to Westwood on January 9 and was last reported at Larford on January 16.

1987 Addendum Staffs A duck at Belvide on August 9 and 10.

Shelduck A more regular pattern of occurrences this year but numbers appear stable. 64

Monthly maxima at selected sites:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Alvecote 8 4 6 4 2 8 3 2 Brandon — 3 2 2 2 5 — — 1 2 — Draycote 4 1 2 9 — — 1 — — 1 1 Kingsbury area 6 6 10 21 22 23 8 7 1 1 1 4

Bittell 2 2 23 Bredon's Hardwick — 2 2 2 Larford — 3 1 UDlon Warren ? 1 — 1 — ? — — 1 — 1 Westwood — 1 5 2 — — — 2 — 1 1 Wilden — — — — — — — — 2 — — —

Barton 3 4 3 2 1 Belvide 5 2 7 4 4 2 0 2 7 0 2 1 Blithtield 4 — 4 3 — 10 4 6 11 6 7 7 Branston S — 5 3 — — 8 19 e — — — Chasewater 3 2 3 7 — Clay Mills — — 2 — — — — — — 6 — — Elford 1 6 6 7 7 12 — 1 — 4 — 1

Sandwell Valley — — 4

Warks Broods were seen at Coton (one), Kingsbury (four) and Ladywalk (one). As always the fledging rate was poor with 33%-50% success. No broods were seen at Alvecote, despite good numbers there. Occasional sightings received from Brandon, Hartshill S.F., Shustoke and Wasperton. Worcs A pair at Bredon's Hardwick were observed mating during April but no subseqgent nesting was recorded. Five at Upton-upon-Severn Ham on January 9, and four on Kempsey Ham on February 12. Twos at Ripple on March 20 and Grimley on August 6. A single at Church Lench on April 1. Staffs Two pairs bred in the Branston area. Three at Tittesworth on January 17 and up to six at Aqualate in May. Five flew north-west over Tittesworth on June 1. Four at Rudyard on June 7 and two at Doxey in December. Singles noted at Rickerscote, Water Eaton and Westport. WMid Singles atSheepwash U.P. on August 23 and September 3 and at Meriden on September 16.

Mandarin Warks A drake at Draycote on October 15. Worcs A pair bred in a nestbox in the Wyre Forest. A pair at Larford from January 18 to February 4. At Upton Warren, a drake on January 16, May 27, and June 5; an eclipse drake on July 28 and again from September 15 to 17 with a full plumaged drake present at this time; and finally a duck on October 30. Staffs A duck at Belvide during October. 65

Wigeon Average: August 22 (50) to May 5 (53) Most had left by the end of March and the latest date was'one at Blithfield on May 1. The first return date was again at Blithfield on August 24. The mild winter resulted in lower numbers than previous years. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A s O N •

Alvecote 41 35 13 1 3 4 Colon 137 65 25 286 164 Oraycote 350 310 35 1 1 — — 2 20 15 250 625 Kingsbury 33 65 20 — — — — — 7 12 130 41 Ladywalk 130 140 150 24 2 — — — — 10 28 70 Shustoke 88 65 94 61 125

Bittell 4 10 1 3 3 Bredon's Hardwick 21 21 450 1 — — — — 5 7 306 420 Larford 3 2 9 1 7 14 Pirlon — 6 1 — 9 74 Upton Warren 7 5 4 1 3 6 Westwood 7 2 8 0 9 3

Aqualate 10 51 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 Belvide 85 82 76 0 0 0 0 4 20 25 54 124 Blithfield 1190 826 750 0 0 0 0 0 34 29 96 600 Chasewater — — — 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 17 — Doxey 24 9 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 2 Tittesworth 86 — 42 0 0 0 0 9 5 29 — 49 Westporl — — 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 2 2 * Sandwell Valley 50 31 29 1 7 15 22

Warks Others, less than 15, were seen at Brandon, Great Packington and Kings Sutton. Worcs 12 on Upton-upon-Severn Ham on January 9, with 408 at nearby Ripple on February 14. Up to'15 at Church Lench in November, 16 at Wilden on December 26, and 85 at Strensham Lake on December 29. Elsewhere, very small numbers were recorded at British Camp Reservoir, Grimley and Lower Moor. Staffs Notable counts were 35 at Rudyard on January 3, 73 at Barton on November.13 and 70 at Croxall on December 23. Also noted at Elford. WMid 25 plus flew over Smethwick on November 4 and 4 were at Edgbaston Reservoir on November 22.

Gadwall The picture appears to be of a species slowly but steadily expanding its breeding range. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Brandon 12 10 5 3 1 1 2 2 2 Coton 1 15 7 3 1 — — — 7 5 — 1 •raycote 13 5 3 1 3 — — — 3 2 12 3 Kingsbury 17 8 7 5 — — — 6 49 49 40 66

J F M A M J J A S 0 . N D Bredon's Hardwick 0 0 2 2 2 — 0 0 1 5 10 2 Church Lench — — — — — — — — — 4 7 9 Larford 1 7 7 4 4 3 — 5 20 13 5 5 Pirton — e — — — — — — S 0 8 9 Upton Warren — — — 2 4 1 2 4 4 2 1 0 Westwood 10 0 4 4 4 — — 2 3 5 5 5

Barton 10 5 4 4 4 6 4 0 Belvide 0 2 6 6 5 4 8 2 1 5 3 2 Blithfield — — — — — — — 2 — — — — Chasewater 10 1 2 — Elford 8 12 7 4 — — 1 — — 8 16 20 Westport 9 5 7 5 6 6 5 3 7 8 9 4

Sandwell Valley 7 1 1

Warks Bred at The Somers for the first time, producing six young. A pair at Alvecote on May 27 and two pairs at Ladywalk until June, but no young were seen. The maximum count there was 18 on September 1. Worcs Nested again at Upton Warren, where a female and four ducklings emerged on June 25. Four adults at Ripple on April 1 and one at Beckford on December 28. Staffs Bred at Belyide (four fledged from a brood of six), Branston (two ducklings with a duck in May) and Westport (one fledged from a brood of two). Also noted at Aqualate, Barton-under-Needwood, Ford Green and Wychnor. W Mid Four at Brierley Hill Pools on February 14, and five at Meriden on February 26, where a pair were also seen in May. Breeding however has yet to be proven for the county. At Brierley Hill Pools, three on October 19 and a male on November 16 and 28, completing a good year for the species at this locality.

Teal Better numbers than the previous two years. Cold frosty weather in November froze many small pools, causing higher than usual concentrations at the larger waters. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Alvecole 164 32 125 15 1 4 30 150 150 150 150 Brandon 150 270 200 160 2 18 16 115 270 384 220 230 Coton 126 116 49 27 86 225 70 Draycote 167 27 7 10 22 100 183 Kingsbury 130 150 86 9 25 130 72 Ladywalk 106 230 110 80 45 200 60 Wormleighlon 5 — 2 2 10 27 21

Bredon's Hardwick 192 16 50 3 1 8 5 8 49 Grimley 35 20 — — — 4 13 13 1 60 Larford 3 7 i 4 — — — — 10 1 3 0 Ripple — 217 86 15 — — — — — — — — Upton Warren 116 67 34 13 2 14 9 76 110 168 120 80 Westwood 2 8 24 25 56 24 67

J F M A M J J A s O N D

Aqualate 60 200 154 3 2 0 25 23 35 Belvide 105 24 19 10 3 9 9 15 27 26 134 165 Blithfield 322 60 55 — — 3 — — 162 3U3 10U0 /UU Doxey 80 220 150 5 4 4 11 13 79 126 222 320 Elford 15 5 20 — 3 S 8 60 103 90 14

Sandwell Valley B0 52 75 20 4 1 12 27 55 46 80 Sheepwash U P. 21 20 16 6 1 — — 1 4 6 17 22

Warks A nest and full clutch, which was accidentally found at Whitacre Heath, was later predated. Apart from the above records in summer, possible breeding birds were seen at Bedworth and Ladywalk. The October count at Brandon was the most there since 1983. Other smaller flocks were noted at Bishops Itchington (16), Kineton (12), Lighthorne (24), Shrewley (20) and Stoneton (16). Worcs 21 on Clevelode Hams on February 8 and 20 near Hagley on March 7. 48 at Aston Mill on December 27 and 22 at Strensham Lathe on December 29. Smaller numbers recorded at Bittell, British Camp Reservoir, Broadway, Church Lench, Powick Hams, Turford, Throckmorton and Whitethorn Bank. Staffs Two. pairs bred at Doxey. Other maxima were 85 near Lordsley on September 25,70 at Calwich on November 5,45 at Branston and 60 at Clay Mills on November 16 and 90 at Cannock tip on December 31. Also reported from Barton, Chasewater, Chillington, Drayton Bassett, Hill Ridware, Little Wyrley, Mill Green, Rudyard and Tittesworth. W Mid 16 at Meriden on February 26 and 55 at Clayhanger on March 18. Smaller numbers reported from Sutton Park and Valley Park.

Mallard Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Alvecote 146 45 45 53 60 144 160 200 300 250 170 135 Brandon 94 79 150 57 87 141 90 300 290 62 200 200 Draycote 426 188 96 — — — — 331 464 690 745 666 Kingsbury 78 89 63 — — — — — 197 135 172 198 Middleton 140 SO 130 130 30 150

Bittell 60 85 105 30 42 Bredon's Hardwick 47 41 38 30 35 10 50 — 45 50 30 74 Larford 212 102 40 20 16 26 20 134 152 98 85 108 Upton Warren 70 120 52 40 104 124 200 312 340 250 150 273 Westwood 160 10 25 12 10 50 120 240 439 402 241 130

Aqualate 834 256 124 15 34 500 374 886 600 650 Belvide 855 479 172 115 205 147 384 564 697 455 475 1078 Blithlield 1691 164 64 — — — — — 1440 1528 1454 952 Chasewater 30 3 9 — — 24 11 — 137 162 152 67 Doxey 113 167 120 43 37 70 175 180 300 161 98 150 Mill Green 66 79 64 15 17 30 3B 90 134 143 113 104 Westport 72 91 47 55 62 98 lit 66 68 62 46 67

Sandwell Valley 91 6 31 20 10 • — 72 134 108 127 155 122 68

Warks Breeds commonly at all types of waters. Other maxima reported: Ladywalk (340), Great Packington (235) and Shustoke (140). Worcs At Arrow Valley Lake, eight pairs hatched 61 young from 83 eggs. Other broods at Aston Mill, Bourne Brook, Bredon's Hardwick (four), British

( Camp Reservoir, Broadway, Church Lench, Croome (two), Defford, Larford (seven), Mill Pond, Pirton (three), Strensham (two), Thorngrove, Trimpley, Upton Warren (17), Westwood (six) and Wilden (four). Elsewhere, counts included 120 at Grimley on August 18 and 356 at Beckford on November 20. Staffs At Belvide, 13 broods totalled 97 young. Breeding also reported from Barton, Chasewater, Dosthill, Elford, Fazeley, Kettlebrook, Knypersley, Rudyard and Tittesworth. W Mid Confirmed breeding at Bournville, Park Lime Pits, Sandwell Valley (13 broods produced only 15fledglings), Valley Park (four broods) and Walsall Arboretum.

Falcated Duck x Mallard hybrid Warks A very confusing hybrid, having many of the features of a drake Falcated Duck, was present at Draycote from December 28, 1987 to February 13, 1988 ARD, REH, PDH. A similarly plumaged duck, probably the same individual, was also seen on November 5.

Pintail Average: September 1 (44) to April 20 (49) The last and first dates were again at Upton Warren, on May 18 and August 3 respectively. Most arrived from early September onwards. Monthly maxima at selected sites:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Brandon 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 •raycote — 9 1 ' 2 1 2 2

Larford 1 7 Upton Warren 1 1 Westwood 1 — — — 2 2 — — — —

Belvide 2 4 ' 0 3 1 0 0 0 4 7 0 3 Blithfield 0 2 0 — — — — 3 2 1 25

Warks A pair at Ladywalk on January 9 with the drake remaining until 13. A drake moved between Coton and Ladywalk between November 1 and 27. Worcs Seven at Powick Hams on January 9, three at Bredon's Hardwick on February 6 and a pair at Ripple on February 14. A bird showing the characteristics of a Pintail x Mallard hybrid was again at Ripple from April 1 to 12 SMW. Staffs A pair at Westport on January 8 and a drake at Doxey on January 20. One at Chasewater on October 16 and 18 and a duck at Westport on November 19. 69

Garganey Average: April 2 (45) to September 26 (44) First arrival at Ripple on April 1 and finally noted on October 5 at Westwood. Numbers continue to decline from their early 1970's peak.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 246 347 175 132 98

Warks A drake at Brandon from May 9 to 14, being joined by a duck on the last date; probably the same drake present there on five dates in June, until 20. Elsewhere in spring, a drake was at Middleton from May 20 to 22. In autumn, a drake at Bedworth Slough on September 4 and a duck at Draycote on September 10. Worcs In spring, drakes at Ripple on April,1 and Bredon's Hardwick on May 7, with a pair at Church Lench on May 21. In the autumn, singles at Holt on September 18 and Westwood on October 5. Staffs A pair at Elford from April-2 to 9 and a pair at Doxey on April 16. The only autumn record was one at Blithfield on September 6 and 7.

Shoveler Monthly maxima at main sites:

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Alvecote 3 2 2 5 4 14 35 31 3 Brandon 12 9 15 4 1 7 4 60 70 3 20 14 Oraycole — — 11 4 — — — 5 5 4 17 16 Kingsbury 14 40 19 — 6 2 2 — 100 100 90 115 Ladywalk 11 24 34 32 — — — — 100 48 24 8

Bredon's Hardwick 2 — 4 6 9 Upton Warren — 9 18 4 3 3 2 20 83 48 18 14 Westwood 18 8 15 4 2 — 3 17 28 30 41 38

Aqualale 2 3 2 2 2 56 76 3 0 0 Gelvide 20 5 6 12 5 8 25 90 178 23 20 20 Blithfield 12 8 5 — — 2 — — 41 9 21 2 Ellord — 3 2 2 1 1 3 — — — 3 — Westport — 4 — — — 7 — 1 6 1 — —

Sandwell Valley 5 3 - 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 - -

Warks Other breeding season records received from Seeswood and Ladywalk. Other maxima: Coton 14 and Seeswood 10. Worcs 14 at Strensham Lake on December 29 and smaller numbers recorded at Bittell, Church Lench, Croome, Eckington, Grimley, Larford, Pirton, Ripple and Wilden. Successful breeding at Belvide (six young) and Little Wyrley, with a pair at Staffs Doxey during the breeding season. 22 at Hill Ridware in October. Smaller numbers recorded from Barton, Chasewater, Chillington, Mill Green (a first site record) and Rudyard. A male flew over Smethwick on February 25 and a female was at W Mid Sheepwash U.P. on November 13. 70

Red-crested Pochard The decline in records is ditticlilt to account for.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 6 19 33 21 15

Worcs A very tame duck at Sling Pool on January 9 was undoubtedly an escape INR. Staffs A female at Belvide from August 3 to 14 IL, MJI, SAR, was probably the oamo fomalo at Chacowator from Auguet 16 to 27 GE, MDJ. Two immatures at Mill Green from August 20 to 29 GE, DW-Jthen moved to Chasewater on September 6 GE. A female was at Hill Ridware from August 22 to 26 DJA and again on September 10 BR.

Pochard Numbers generally lower due, presumably, to the mild winters. Monthly maxima at main sites:

J F M A M J J A S O N ' D

Alvecote 204 188 141 7 6 8 23 2 10 27 91 130 Brandon 17 35 29 — — 1 1 — 2 8 8 11 Coton 360 215 116 490 380 1347 1398 Draycote 60 18 18 150 213 156 Kingsbury 118 575 63 7 14 98 197 Seeswood — 30 25 20 12 40

Bredon's Hardwick 14 26 18 1 1 — 4 26 39 25 Larford 80 41 43 — — 1 2 1 1 13 15 22 Pirton 122 20 30 1 — — — — — — 35 38 Upton Warren 22 32 36 3 1 3 7 a 20 47 31 40 Westwood 156 84 38 4 1 — — 3 2 40 42 160 Wilden 16 — 23 1 — — — — 9 30 9 24

Aqualate 20 84 5 5 2 1 1 0 0 24 Belvide 168 25 20 7 17 43 40 42 85 82 105 108 Blithfield 228 10 12 4 1 27 30 40 220 281 200 246 Branston 50 30 2 — — — — — — — — — Chasewater 24 6 5 — — — — 4 7 9 25 35 Elford 23 37 25 0 — — — 6 — 10 15 7 Gailey 84 27 5 — — — — — — — — 57 Westport 216 188 84 3 2 2 3 2 4 145 200 230

Brierley Hill Pools 3 6 7 1 10 10 12 Sandwell Valley 87 52 27 1 2 3 1 — 4 25 26 34 Sheepwash U.P. 5 8 2 — — 1 — — 2 27 29 34 Stubbers Green 34 5 5 42

Warks Bred at Alvecote, where two broods totalled seven young. Other summer records involved drakes at Kineton (three) and Whitacre Heath and pairs at Seeswood and Wormleighton. At Shustoke, good numbers built up, presumably diverted from the more usual haunts at Coton and Lea Marston. 520 on November 27 and 400 regularly in December were the most recorded. Other maxima: Chesterton (46), Earlswood (22), Great Packington (80) and Wormleighton (59). 71

Worcs 74 at Bittell on November 13. 47 at Church Lench on October 30 was a record total there and 46 at Becktord on December 28 was also notable. Smaller numbers occurred at Bishampton, Lower Moor, Oakley and Twyford. Staffs Maxima at other sites were 25 at Clay Mills in January and February, 22 at Swinfen and 23 at Tittesworth in January, 84 at Aqualate in February, 31 at Rudyard in March and 39 at Doxey in April. There were 22 at Barton in November and 27 at Copmere in December. Also noted at Borrowpit, Chillington, Kettlebrook, Mill Green and Rocester. WMid Smaller numbers reported from Park Lime Pits, Plants Brook, Netherton and Valley Park.

Tutted Duck Numbers less variable than Pochard and apparently less affected by the mild weather. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Alvecote 119 98 48 60 24 19 12 15 11 47 61 53 Brandon 69 105 96 41 20 26 24 10 15 36 36 46 Colon 491 221 320 — — — — — 1209 1020 859 1023 Draycote 262 464 37 — — — — — — 161 385 220 Shustoke 130 52 151 160 — 50 — — 52 48 150 98 Wormleighton 54 21 18 6 — 3 12 — — 75 65 42

Bittell 22 40 20 65 52 80 65 Bredon's Hardwick 24 26 32 26 19 9 2 5 16 18 11 14 Larford 27 23 18 20 16 21 6 11 10 16 23 9 Pirton 96 75 40 60 — 10 — — 3 3 20 38 Upton Warren 1 5 16 15 16 5 4 4 7 4 7 5 Westwood 80 18 35 60 50 6 18 50 35 20 46 85 Wilden 2 15 20 — 30 20 20 2 —

Aqualate 39 46 41 12 8 10 8 0 16 11 Belvide 86 91 181 245 135 142 235 280 241 170 114 183 Blithfield 47 52 22 56 55 179 196 246 113 7 31 41 Branston 110 65 30 — — — 8 — — — — — Chasewater 280 181 212 63 — 10 1 73 161 180 163 198 Elford 101 200 40 — — 40 — — 20 14 10 72 Gailey 46 15 25 — — — — — — 24 — 25 Westport 137 251 218 31 12 7 5 10 23 49 118 106

Brierley Hilt Pools 16 20 33 16 5 — 16 34 73 78 Sandwell Valley 60 30 20 43 27 25 13 15 9 54 76 44 Sheepwash U.P. 5 21 25 36 — — — — 14 12 10

Warks Pairs bred at Alvecote (two), Brandon (two), Kingsbury (three), Ladywalk (two), Packington, Ragley, Shustoke, The Somers (two) and Whitacre Heath. Worcs Broods observed at Beckford (three), Bredon's Hardwick (three), Larford (two), Lower Moor (two), Oakley, Throckmorton and Wilden (two). Smaller numbers were recorded from several minor waters. 72

Staffs Bred at Barton (three broods), Blithfield, Branston (four pairs), Doxey (five pairs), Elford (20 young), Freehay, Kingswood and Mill Green (three broods totalled 10 young). WMid Broods observed at Dunstall Park (one), Meriden (two), Sandwell Valley (five), and Sheepwash U.P. (10 totalling 92 young). Counts of note were 64 at Meriden on February 26 and 42 at Walsall Arboretum on November 28. Smaller numbers reported from Sutton Park, The Vale and Valley Park.

Scaup The Winter Atlas (BTO) indicates a sizable decrease in the size of the British wintering population as a result of the cessation of raw sewage discharges at some places. It may be that this has caused the large flocks to disperse, causing an increase in records, although records over this century have been cyclical. Over 55 different birds occurred during 1988, making it comparable to 1984 and one of the best years ever. The regular recording of Aythya hybrids, however, does indicate the care needed with this species in particular.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-86

No of birds 24 67 130 141 224

Warks After a blank first half to the year, a good series of records from both Coton and Draycote. At Coton, an immature female which appeared on October 29 was joined by an immature male the next day. They remained into November, but the male was not seen after 5. On 12, two females/ immatures appeared, increasing to eight on 19 (one obvious male). From December 17 until the year end, nine were present. Of these, five were clearly male and one obviously female. The other three showed no grey by the end of the year, but had become dark-headed and had lost most of the white around the base of the bill. As first-year females were assumed not to have dark tipped loral feathering totally obscuring the basal white, they were thought to be males. This provokes interesting discussion on the difference in moult rate and timing between these three and the five obvious males ARD (in 1989 they attained definite male plumage). At Draycote, a female on November 8, two immature females on 12 and 13 and three on 19, which stayed until December 3. From December 7 until the year end, four immatures were present, with observers having split opinions on the exact sexes. Worcs At Upton Warren, an eclipse male on July 11 and three immature males and two females from October 24 to 29. Four female/immatures were at Bittell on December 28. Staffs At Blithfield, there were two immature drakes on January 2, six individuals on January 3 and up to four until March 25. Single ducks occurred at Westport on January 12 and Chasewater on January 24 and single drakes at Elford from April 7 to 11 and at Belvide from April 14 to May 20. At Blithfield, a drake was noted on July 29, an immature on October 12, a duck 73

on October 30 and November 1 and a drake on December 18 and 31. The remarkable total of 18 (13 immatures, five ducks) occurred at Belvide on November 19, a day of exceptional passage — see also Red-throated Divor.

Aythya hybrids Warks Drake Tufted x Pochard hybrids occurred as follows: at Draycote from February 20 to March 26, at Lea Marston on November 5, at Coton on 19 and Shustoke on 26. Worcs A female Pochard x Ferruginous hybrid at Grimley on January 1 TE, a Tufted x Pochard hybrid at Upton Warren from July 19 to August 12 SMW and a female Tufted x Pochard/Scaup hybrid at Church Lench from November 27 until the year's end GHP, WFP, SMW. Staffs A drake, resembling a Scaupx Pochard hybrid, was at Elford on January 5.

Eider The total lack of records in the last five years is surprising, relative to occurrences of other sea ducks.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No. ol records 8 4 14 0 No ol birds 18 5 1 6 0

. Long-tailed Duck The five-yearly pattern is relatively cyclical, dependant on wintering numbers. The occurrence of birds in November is typical but the total of six is good. This reflects the arrival of good numbers off the east coast in October and November.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No ol birds 12 11 9 16 10

Warks All birds were immatures. A female at Shustoke from November 3 to 13 BLK, SMH was probably the bird present at Seeswood from November 13 to December 26 SMH, MS. Another, darker, bird appeared at Shustoke from December 1 to 31, being joined by a second, possibly the Seeswood bird returning, on 31 BLK. Worcs An immature at Upton Warren on October 31 TMHand a female/immature at Westwood from November 26 to December 10 SMW. Staffs A female at Westport on January 2 to 3 WJL, PW, was followed by the same or another bird on January 9 to 10 WJL, NC, BDC. In the autumn, an immature female was at Blithfield from November 4 to 27 MDJ, MJE, GIG etal. 74

Common Scoter The remarkable passage on November 19/20 may have involved as many as 197 different birds (241 for the year) and was more dramatic, even, than that on July 12,1986, when 91 birds were recorded. The figures from these two years, although distorting the picture somewhat, reflect the trend of increasing frequency. The combination of more suitable waters/more observers/more birds is difficult to disentangle although the writer is not aware of a dramatic increase in population. Nevertheless, this is the highest ever five-year total.

1964-68 1959-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No. ol records 34 44 94 71 117 No of birds 84 126 173 215 558

Warks Spring records involved singles at Oraycote on April 8 and 9, and May 21 and 22. A party of eight were at Shustokeon May 12 and seven at Draycote on June 26. One at Earlswood on September 29 was a good record there. A very good movement occurred on November 19 and 20 with 15 at Draycote and four at Shustoke on the first day and a staggering 72 the following morning at Draycote. Only one was seen in the afternoon. This was more than twice the previous best number ever recorded in the region. Worcs A drake at Upton Warren on July 22 was followed by a duck at Larford from July 23 to August 9. Three immatures were at Larford on November 10 and three more at Westwood on November 19. Staffs Three at Chasewater on January 21. At Tittesworth, four ducks occurred on May 2 and seven drakes on May 12, when there were three ducks at Westport. On September 2, an immature drake was at Blithfield and a duck at Westport. Another duck at Westport on October 2, a drake at Aqualate on October 16 and a duck at Blithfield on October 25. On November 19, a day of strong passage (see Scaup), eight ducks occurred at Chasewater and four at Belvide. W Mid About 90 birds, probably all of this species, flew over Sheepwash U.P. on November 20. 16 ducks landed. On the same date, a duck was present at Netherton Reservoir. Powells Pool, Sutton Park held three ducks on December 1.

Velvet Scoter 1984 (seven birds, one record) and 1976 (eight birds, five records) were good years but it remains scarce and 1988 was the second blank year in succession.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No. of records' 0 5 9 5 6 No of birds 0 6 14 6 16

Goldeneye Average: September 19 (48) to May 7 (46) Most had left by the end of April but one stayed at Belvide until May 15. 75

First noted at Blithfield on August 24, followed by an influx at the end of September. Monthly maxima at principal waters:

JFMAM JJASOND

Draycote 100 80 90 20 — — — — — 23 50 106 Kingsbury area 34 44 25 — — — — — — 2 23 30 Shustoke 23 B 4 4 — — — — — — 24 22

Bittell 2 10— 2 — — — — — 1 0 0 Bredon's Hardwick 2 0 0 — — — — — — — 0 1 Larford 21 1 1 — — __ — 20 2 Pirton 2 — — — — — — — — 0 1 0 Uplon Warren 0 0 2 — — — — — — — '2 1 Weslwood 1 1 2 2 — — — — — — 2 2

Belvide 50 48 89 52 2 0 0 0 0 15 42 48 Blithfield 40 34 33 19 1 0 0 1 0 26 38 33 Branston 43 — 30 10 0 0 0 0 — — — 40 Chasewater 108 100 103 44 0 0 0 0 0 12 88 73 Westport 10 994000006 12 13

Bartley ___ 9 — — — — — — 5 12 Sandwell Valley 1 1 — ______— 1._

Warks Lesser numbers, usually singles were reported from Alvecote, Brandon, Compton Verney, Earlswood, Ladywalk (up to eight), Middleton and Seeswood. Worcs Only noted at the usual localities. Staffs Scattered records from Aqualate, Barton. Chillington, Copmere, Elford, Kingswood, Rudyard and Tittesworth. W Mid A female at Brierley Hill Pools from November 24 to December 2.

Smew The Winter Atlas (BTO) (supported by BWM) states that there had been a marked reduction in the number of wintering Smews in Britain since the 1950's and indicated in a typical winter that there might be approx. 100 birds. The figure of 107 (cM959-63 of 77) over the last five years suggests a dramatic cyclical increase. Excluding 1984 (2 birds) the average over the last five years has been 21 birds.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 22 12 31 41 107

Warks At Draycote, seven redheads from 1987 were joined by a drake on February 18. This group remained until March 17, with the last record of the period being four redheads on 19 several observers. A drake at Ladywalk on January 23 was the sole record away from Draycote perBLK. Five redheads returned to Draycote on November 21, with six present from December 7 until the end of the year several observers. Worcs A duck at Grimley on January 3 TE. Staffs A redhead at Gailey, apparently with an injured wing, remained from January 1 into March SAR etal, moving to Somerford Hall from March 13 to 27 CM. It then returned to Gailey until May 26 WJL, but had moved to Belvide by June 4 SAR et at. It remained there until the year's end and surprised many people by moulting into a male! Also at Belvide, an immature male from May 17 to 26 SAR, GH, WJL. Elsewhere, a pair at Branston on January 5 JCE-D, a female at Blithfield on November 25 GMH and two on November 26 GMH, BR, PDH, MJE, both remaining until December 1 GNJ.

Red-breasted Merganser Steadily increasing numbers have given the highest five-year total. Many inland records are likely to be of Scandinavian origin but whether better numbers are associated with improved breeding abroad or further extension south of British breeding birds is not known.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No ol records 10 19 29 31 41 No of birds 15 25 35 37 63

Warks A redhead at Draycote on October 24 GMH. Staffs The duck from 1967 remained at Westport until February 22 several observers and an immature drake was present on April 16 WJL. A duck was at Blithfield from February 14 to March 16 JCE-D et al and pairs at Branston on September 30 CCO and Belvide on November 2 JR, with an immature there on 27 SN.

1987 Corrigendum WMid The redhead reported at Netherton Reservoir from January 15 to 30 first appeared on January 14 CJT.

Goosander Average: October 26 (43) to April 17 (40) Present at Blithfield until April 12 and first noted, there, on October 2. Monthly maxima at main sites:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

•raycote 3 1 1 2 2 5 Kingsbury 9 10 3 1 — — — — — — — — Ladywalk 9 11 9 4 3 7 11 Shustoke 9 9 9 1 11

Teme Valley - 6 8 8 9

Belvide 22 19 19 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 16 Blithfield 48 66 58 33 0 0 0 0 0 8 51 38 Doxey 8 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 77

Warks The Tame Valley records above undoubtedly refer to the same birds. The only other records were singles at Brandon on February 7 and Wormleighton on January 17 and March 20. Worcs An interesting series of records along the this year began with a duck at Eastham Bridge on February 7, followed by six at the Standbatches on February 21. Two drakes and a duck were south of New Mill Bridge on March 3, followed by eight at Shelsley Walsh in March and up to April 5. One was at Upton Warren on January 3 and 17. A later autumn influx commenced with a duck at Larford on November 9. Here birds built up to eight on November 28, with seven still present on December 28. Other redheads occurred at Westwood on November 21, at Throckmorton on November 29 and two at Lower Moor on December 3. Four were at Bredon's Hardwick on December 4 and nine had returned to Shelsley Walsh on December 12. Staffs Scattered records from Barton, Branston, Chasewater, Croxall, Gailey, Himley, Longsdon Mill, Rudyard, Tittesworth and Westport. W Mid Only two records, both relating to the Sandwell Valley: a duck on January 16 and another on December 29.

1986 Addendum Worcs Nine females were by Ham Bridge on the River I eme on l-ebruary 15.

Ruddy Duck The count at Blithfield represents another regional record. Monthly maxima at selected sites:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Alvecote 3 •1 5 15 10 5 1 1 Brandon — — 1 5 6 9 11 1 — 3 — — Chesterton — 1 7 9 8 — 5 6 1 4 — — Kingsbury area 50 10 25 — — — — — 7 — 31 13 Wormleighlon — — 4 7 1 4 1 4 1 4 6 3

Bittell 2 2 1 1 Laiiord 2 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 — — — — Pirton 5 4 10 16 — 7 7 — 22 12 2 2 Upton Warren — — 6 16 14 9 11 6 — 1 1 — Westwood 1 0 0 4 4 — 4 4 1 4 6 6

Belvide 45 65 99 93 37 13 26 173 237 340 57 74 Blithfield 909 578 397 121 - — 118 118 242 481 660 680

Warks Bred at Brandon (two), Great Packington (six), Ladywalk (one) and Middleton (one). Also present in the breeding season at Bedworth Slough, The Somers, Earlswood, Seeswood and Whitacre Heath. Maxima at Draycote (five), Ladywalk (14), Middleton (10) and Shustoke (20). Worcs Two pairs present at Church Lench and one pair raised seven young at Upton Warren. Small numbers at Croome, Hindlip, Oakley and Wilden. Staffs Numbers continue to increase at Belvide and Blithfield. Successful breeding noted at Betley, Doxey (six pairs compared to three in 1987) and 78

Gailey. A pair failed at Mill Green. Also noted at Aqualate, Barton, Betley Halli Canwoll, Chacowater, Chillington, Deep Mayes, Clford, I latherton, Tamworth, Tittesworth and Westport. WMid Two pairs bred at Edgbaston Pool. Reported there throughout the year, numbers peaking at 11. Smaller site maxima recorded at Meriden (four), Sandwell Valley (one), Stubbers Green (two), Sutton Park (two) and The Vale, Edgbaston (one).

Honey Ouzzard One in successive years and the seventh this century. Staffs One at Belvide on August 21 KV, RF, RB.

Red Kite

Nationally, a marked influx over the winter resulted in four late March records in the region, though some may refer to the same bird; even so an unprecedented year. Worcs One at Upton-upon-Severn on March 20 TG, another at Astley Burz on March 24 RFWH and a third over Guarlford and North Hill on May 15 GHCB. In autumn, one over Charlton, near Hartlebury, on September 28 IRM. Staffs One at Essington on March 26 RKS. W Mid One being mobbed by Crows over Solihull on March 28 JRWand one over Edgbaston Cricket Ground on August 4 AG.

Marsh Harrier The latest five-year total is conservative as some duplication may occur, 79

but with the increasing British and European populations it is perhaps surprising that the figure is not higher.

1954-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 2 4 15 22 18

Warks The sole record was one at Draycote on May 8 GIG, PDH. There was an unconfirmed report of one at Brandon on May 8 and 9. Worcs An immature female was at Upton Warren on April 27 and 28 TW, SMW followed by further sightings there on May 18 and June 5 RJW, SC. Another immature female there on August 18 and 19 SMW, REH. Staffs One at Mayfield on April 16 BR, a female circled Branston on April 25 TC and possibly the same bird was seen there again on May 2 MD, AG, NT.

Hen Harrier A slight improvement in the five-year total.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 9 19 27 18 23

Worcs A female was seen at Castlemorton Common on February 11 PFR. Staffs In the Sherbrook Valley, a female on October 10 FCG, and a male on 16 JW, and another male was seen frequently at Swallow Moss from December 4 to the year's end MOB, DJA, NJS.

Goshawk Worcs A pair seen displaying at a site in the north-west of the county on April 4 SMW.

Sparrowhawk Warks Definite breeding success at Arley, Brandon, Hartshill, Ladywalk and The Somers, with display noted at Avon Dassett, Chapel Ascote, Chesterton and Tysoe. Also seen at a further 12 sites in the breeding season. Two were killed at two schools in Nuneaton after flying into windows — seemingly a common cause of death. At Ladywalk, a preening bird lost its balance and hung upside down for several seconds before letting go BLK! Worcs Bred successfully on the Malvern Hills, at Nunnery Wood and Upton Warren. Seen at a total of 37 localities within the breeding season and a further 15 sites out of it. Staffs Breeding season reports from 20 well distributed localities, with other records from a further 17 sites. Confirmed breeding at Blithfield, near Doxey, Dydon, Elford, Essington, Hem Heath, Shoal Hill and Upper Longdon. Observed predating on Collared Doves, Starlings and Linnets. WMid Breeding reports from south-west Birmingham (a suburban location), Sandwell Valley (2-3 pairs), Park Lime Pits, Valley Park, Wolverhampton and Willenhall Memorial Park. Many garden records received throughout the year. 80

Buzzard A good year, with a more stable if small breeding population establishing itself; it would be interesting to know whether the passage birds are in fact from the successful Welsh population or from elsewhere? Warks Many more records this year, though all were outside the breeding season and half at the end of July and in August. Noted at Alvecote (two), Bilton, Cliff, Draycote, Lower Shuckborough, Packington, Radway, Ragley Park, Snitterfield and Whichford Wood. Worcs Several pairs are now well established in the Teme Valley. Two or three other pairs were seen at sites in the south-west of the county during the summer. At least one pair in the south-east of the county, where an adult was found poisoned there in the spring. Outside the breeding season, also seen at Abberton, Alfrick, Bredon's Hardwick, Kierso, Malvern Hills, Ravenshill Wood, Spetchley, Trench Wood, Upton Warren, Westwood, Wilden and Wychbold. Staffs Two pairs nested in the west of the county, one of them successfully, but singles only reported from four other known breeding sites. Three winter and four spring records from the Belvide area, and one over Jackson's Coppice on February 27. Passage birds noted in late March and April at Blithfield, Essington, and Gunstone. Three seen prospecting over Doxey on May 25 and one circled over Keele University on July 27. Post-breeding records from Chasewater, Froghall, Gilberts Cross and north-west Staffs and one at Canwell on December 12. WMid Singles over Kingstanding on May 14, Halesowen on July 9 and Monkspath in December. A ringed bird at Oldbury between August 1 and 7 was thought to be an escape.

Osprey With an improving breeding population in Scotland it is surprising that the pattern of records over the last twenty years is so consistent.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No o( birds 7 23 28 22 26

Warks A good spring but no autumn records One on the West Midlands border on April 4 was very likely the bird over nearby Packington on 6 TW. One at Kingsbury on April 23 DH, PDHdid not linger, unlike the individual seen at Ragley Hall, which remained in the area from May 6 to 10 RFEB. Worcs Probably the Ragley Hall bird was seen at Bresham on May 12 PFS, then Church Lench on May 14 and again on June 2 PB per GHP, with other unconfirmed reports from the River Avon at that time. Another passed over Guarlford on April 24, heading north GHCB. Staffs One over Chillington on April 1 SN, IL, and another crossed the border and flew north-east over Branston on April 28 TC. One spent 15 minutes at Belvide on May 15 several observers, with another there on July 9 SN, IL, FCG. One drifted west at Hill Ridware on August 21 GEand 81

possibly the same bird fished at Blithfield on August 26 MDJ, ICW, GA, to 27 FCG.

Kestrel As usual, under-recorded. Warks Bred at The Somers and probably at Maxstoke and Packington (six pairs). Significantly under-recorded throughout, illustrated by figures from the south of the county where six were reported, compared with 89 records for Sparrowhawk BOS. Worcs Successfully bred at Abberton, Chase End, Upton Warren and Wickhamford. In the breeding season, recorded at Bredon, Bredon's Hardwick, Croome, Defford, Grimley, Holt, Larford, North Hill, Rhydd, Stanford Court, Strensham, Throckmorton, Westwood and The Wyche. Three pairs along the M42 motorway in early summer. Five over North Hill on October 2. A male took a Blackbird chick at Stourport on June 23. Staffs Little change evident. Two pairs raised five young at Doxey and five were seen together at Belvide in September. W Mid Reported breeding at 10 sites, including the city centre.

Merlin The fifth successive improvement in the five-year total which is perhaps surprising when the breeding population has not fared so well recently.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-68

Nool birds 30 44 74 93 107

Warks Females near Alvecote on February 11 RRHand at Draycote on November 8 and 11 GMH. Worcs Female/immatures noted at Upton Warren on March 2 JTBand Westwood on March 19 REH. An immature male was at Throckmorton on March 13 GHP and an adult male at Bredon's Hardwick on March 20 SJH. In the second winter period, just a male showed, at Ripple, on December 11 GHP. Staffs An excellent series of records from the old railway line near Ashmoor Park and Essington, with a male seen on several dates from January 30 to April 11 and a female present on March 26, November 6 and 27 RKS. A female at Morridge on August 21 A/Cand a female or immature at Westport on December 11 WJL. WMid The only records were from Sheepwash U.P., with a female/immature on September 24 MAS and a male on November 14 GW.

Hobby Average: April 24 (21) to October 1 (24) First noted on April 14 at Doxey. Most had left by early September, but one was seen at Abberton on September 25. This species is elusive during the breeding season, making an accurate estimate of pairs difficult. With so 82

many multiple date sightings at various localities, yearly totals are also difficult to assess correctly and the five-year analysis is not reproduced. However, the increase in records up to 1983 shows some levelling since then. Warks One pair definitely bred and another probably did. A pair in the north of the county moved five kilometres from last year's site and fledged two young around August 6. The other pair were present at last year's central site, with two fledged young seen on September 6. The Tame Valley had a very poor year with few sightings, but Brandon recorded birds on 13 occasions between April 26 and September 16. Singles, unless otherwise stated, were recorded on fewer than five occasions from the following sites: Arley, Bedworth, , Coleshill, Corley, Coton, Curdworth, Draycote, Gaydon, Kenilworth, Ladywalk, Lillington, Packington (two), Seeswood, Stratford, Whatcote (two), Whitacre Heath and Wood End. Worcs There now appears to be at least five breeding pairs in the county. At Upton Warren, noted between April 23 and September 24. Three were at Strensham on August 29. At Abberton, seen on 16 dates between July 18 and September 25. Recorded at 25 other localities throughout the summer, with sightings more commonplace in July and August. Staffs Breeding reported from one site. Noted at Belvide on 27 occasions and regularly at Chasewater, Doxey and Essington. Noted less often at Alrewas, Barton, Blithfield, Branston, Coombes Valley, Elford, Hatherton, Lichfield, Little Wyrley, Newcastle, Sherbrook Valley, Stafford area, Tamworth and Westport. WMid Singles were recorded from the following sites, between May 2 and September 21, on four occasions or less: Castle Bromwich, Dunstall Park, Kingstanding, Netherton Hill, Oldbury and Sheepwash U.P. Recorded at Sandwell Valley on nine occasions between May 9 and September 21.

Addendum WMid One at Erdington on May 3.

Peregrine The dramatic increase in the five-yearly total is partly due to the successful re-establishment of the national breeding population, but must also reflect the proximity of breeding pairs to the region. 1988 would appear to be the best year ever, with 28 records, albeit with some duplication.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 3 14 12 17 2B

Warks The immature female, seen around Kingsbury on four dates in 1987, was seen again on January 13, when it continuously mobbed a Short-eared Owl at Coton. The owl, perched on a post, had to repeatedly duck out of the 83

way as the Peregrine came in from alternate sides GMH. Another, a probable female, was at Draycote on September 21 AC and 26 ARD. Worcs One at Upton Warren on March 11 RFEB, followed by another at Larford on May 15 TE. An immature male at Upton Warren on August 11 and 13 JTB, and a female at Bredon's Hardwick on August 15 SJH was followed by an immature there on August 29 GHP. An adult male at Throckmorton on August 28 GHP, one flew over Happy Valley on September 18 AW, while possibly the same bird was seen on Castlemorton Common on October 1 BH. A male at Holt on November 13 JTB and an immature flew over Oakley on November 20 GHP, WFP. Staffs The bird first seen at Meaford Power Station in March '85 was present from January to March 19 JPM, BDC, MFand then from June 5 to the year's end PCF, RSL, PJ; it was also seen at nearby Strongford Sewage Works on November 30 WJL and probably the same bird was over Stoke on February 19 NJS. One over Elford on February 14 BR. Singles flew over Westport on February 18 and August 9 WJL. At Chasewater, an immature was present on August 12 MDJ and two on October28 GE, MDJ, PLJ. An adult was at Blithfield on August 24 GNJ, followed by an immature on September 11 JCE-D, an adult on December 6 GNJ and an immature on December 11 PDH, GIG. Belvide had adults on September 4 EAG and on October 21 KA, an immature on October 23 IL, with probably the same bird again on November 1 S,4fland another on December 6 KA. An immature at Branston on September 7 remained in the area until the end of the year TC.

W Mid An immature at Sandwell Valley on November 30 PMH, EJL.

Red Grouse Staffs Reduced grazing has improved the habitat on Gun Hill, where 13 were noted on October 8. Two were seen on Gradbach Hill on October 22, despite the devastated state of the moor per DWY. Often difficult to find during the breeding season, but eight were seen at Oliver Hill on August 7. Other records included 12 at Roach End on January 26, 21 at The Roaches on November 30, and 30 at Swallow Moss on December 28. Black Grouse Staffs An N.C.C. survey showed that the population is now likely to be a maximum of 25 birds per FCG. However, up to 12 cocks and nine hens were reported at the main lek during April, with nine cocks and two hens on December 31. Single cocks at Boarsgrove and Gib Torr in October were the only other records.

Red-legged Partridge Warks Probably less reports from northern areas than last year, with breeding reported from only Alvecote (two) and Packington. From the south of the county, there were 23 reported sightings, compared with 10 for Grey 84

Partridge BOS. The largest coveys were 15 at Draycote, 17 at Middleton and 19 at Radway. Worcs Reported from 16 localities, with 12 at Grimley in January, 10 at Abberton in October and 18 at Stanford Court in November. A Chukar was seen at Bredon's Norton on May 14. Staffs Widespread, but the highest winter count was nine at Trentham on March 5. Coveys of 16 at Essington and 12 at Belvide were the only notable autumn records. W Mid Small numbers at Brierley Hill Pools, Netherton, Park Lime Pits, Sandwell Valley, Tividale, and Valley and Dunstall Parks, Wolverhampton.

Grey Partridge Warks More records received this year. Breeding took place at Alvecote (five), Hurley, Lea Marston, , Shawbury and The Somers. The best coveys were seen in the south, with 17 at Compton Verney, 23 at Kineton and 30 at Oxhill. An adult and juvenile at Lea Marston on June 11 were both dark sooty-brown in colour. Worcs Reported from 15 sites, with two pairs breeding at Larford. Larger coveys occurred at Larford, where there were 14 in January, 12 in August and 25 in November, at Broadway, with 12 in August and at Bredon's Hardwick, where 10 in September increased to 16 during November. Staffs Widely reported, most breeding season records coming from the north of the county. In September, coveys of 18 and 15 contributed to a total of 36 birds at Chasewater, and 19 were seen at Essington. Coveys of 14 were noted at Admaston and Cannock Chase in December. W Mid Reported from nine localities but no sizable coveys.

Quail Average: May 24 (2) to August 29 (2) First recorded at Peopleton on May 24 and heard calling into early August, with the last date being August 8 at Alrewas Hayes. Worcs One heard at Peopleton on May 24 WFP, with further reports from Little Comberton on June 15 PFW, Claines on June 20 PFR, SMW and Broadway during July and August per SW. Staffs Up to three called at Alrewas Hayes between July 27 and August 8 JCE-D etal. At High Offley, one was heard and three were seen in flight on July 31 BDC.

Pheasant Warks Only two record slips received and a maximum of 10 at Ladywalk. One attracted to gardens at Arley was seen daily until just prior to Christmas Day! Worcs Few reports received but a male on the top of North Hill on June 15 was unusual, as was an albino male seen at Huddington in November. Staffs Eight pairs bred at Doxey (1987:5). A pair with five chicks at Rudyard in August. 85

W Mid Only records were from Sutton Park, Sandwell Valley and Valley Park, Wolverhampton.

Water Rail

Warks Records, possibly connected with breeding, came from Coombe, where a pair were present in spring; Lighthorne, one seen on April 17, and at Middleton and Whitacre Heath, where immatures were seen in August. Winter records were received from Alvecote, Brandon (three), Chesterton, Draycote, Judkins Quarry (three), Kingsbury, Ladywalk (two), Middleton, Stoneton and Whitacre Heath. Worcs Two pairs bred at Upton Warren and also heard at Lower Moor, and Strensham during the breeding season. In winter, records were received from Sling Pool, Upton Warren (two) and Westwood, whilst in autumn birds were reported from Abberton (two), Bredon's Hardwick, Broadway, 86

Church Lench (four in October), Oakley, Ripple, Upton Warren (up to four) and Westwood (four). Staffs Nine pairs in the breeding season at Doxey, but only two or three broods recorded. Up to two at Belvide during much of the year but absent in the summer months. Breeding suspected at Mill Green, as present during summer and both winter periods (up to two). Other records came from Aqualate, Copmere, Elford, Himley (three in December) and Pendeford. W Mid One at Edgbaston Pool on March 20 and April 30, one at Sutton Park on September 8, up to three at Sandwell Valley on September 11 and October 10, one at Valley Park, Wolverhampton from November 5 to the year's end, up to three at Sheepwash U.P. on November 11, up to two at Brierley Hill Pools between November 21 and 30 and up to two at Saltwells Wood on December 29.

Spotted Crake Four records in one year would appear to be unprecedented. Staffs Two interesting records from Doxey, one on March 3 AG, FWand one on November 6 PVWK, MJK and 7 AD. WMid An adult at Sandwell Valley from September 24 to October 10 TCH etal. and a juvenile on September 25 RCB, IDB, the second successive year at that locality.

Corncrake A remarkable series of records. Warks One at Packington on or about September 15 per NPB. Worcs One heard calling in water meadows at Offenham on May 28 and 29 per CM. This was sadly followed, in the autumn, by two birds picked up dead, at Wythall on September 11 GCH and Crossway Green on September 28 MS. Staffs One called briefly at Pendeford on August 17 IL, IM.

Moorhen Warks No change in status reported. Worcs Remains widespread. 24 breeding pairs were located in the south-east of the county during BTO Atlas fieldwork PFS, whilst the autumn maxima at Upton Warren reached 48 in October. Staffs Successful breeding at Belvide (three pairs of which nine fledged), Doxey (12 pairs), Knypersley (one pair) and Mill Green (eight pairs). Maxima of 29 at Belvide in August and 25 at Kettlebrook in January and December. WMid Breeding reported from Brierley Hill Pools, Knowle, Sutton Park, Valley Park (15 pairs nested along the canal and Smestow Brook) and Willenhall (five pairs). Maxima of 12 at Stubbers Green in February and 19 at Brierley Hill Pools in November. 87

Coot Monthly maxima at selected sites:

J F M A M J J A C o N D

Alvecote 171 187 142 105 78 80 138 125 80 75 75 60 Brandon 30 57 26 — — — — 50 — — 24 20 Chesterton 34 71 27 40 56 21 30 Coton 417 240 113 984 990 1329 1710 Oraycote 418 216 161 81 — — — — 30 40 77 135 Kingsbury 143 126 78 — — — 100 — 300 240 428 226 The Somers 32 38 30 28 46 60 55 79 95 105 125 54

Church Lench 40 37 15 15 33 43 56 84 101 92 Lariord 33 55 50 20 10 11 13 28 13 13 10 17 Pirton 108 90 — — 35 — 69 — 145 — — — Upton Warren 8 ' 11 14 13 12 10 22 45 59 38 59 10

Aqualate 12 21 8 9 120 37 16 15 Belvide 255 227 175 175 248 528 1025 1131 823 202 142 194 Blithfield 232 250 165 — — — — — 204 67 204 187 Chasewater — — — — — — 116 248 326 438 438 497 Eltord 95 83 210 175 Galley 150 20 24 — — — — — — 423 — 420 Westport 231 155 91 31 81 95 116 193 222 263 301 350

Brierley Hill Pools 32 38 39 28 - - - - 57 68 82 84

Warks Pairs bred at Alvecote (six), Bedworth, Kineton, Kingsbury, Middleton (two), Packington, Seeswood, The Somers (eight) and Whateley. Worcs Peak counts at the main sites somewhat lower than in previous years, although no data was received from Bittell this year. Staffs 11 pairs bred at Doxey, eight pairs reared 26 young at Mill Green, and 13 pairs hatched 55 young at Westport. A minimum of 23 nests at Belvide. W Mid Pairs bred at Aldridge (one), Brierley Hill Pools (six), Park Lime Pits (three), Stubbers Green (two) and Willenhall (four).

Oystercatcher A generally good spring passage but fewer in autumn. Warks First recorded at Draycote on February 21, when six were present. Singles occurred at Brandon, Draycote, Kingsbury and Ladywalk on several dates in spring, with larger parties at Draycote (four on April 10) and at Kingsbury, where four remained from June 4 to 13. Display was noted there on May 28. Return passage was generally poor, with two singles at Draycote and one at Ladywalk. However, an exceptional 21 at Ladywalk on July 1 was probably the largest flock ever recorded in the region. Worcs A good year, continuing the recent upward trend of records in the county. In spring, singles at Westwood on February 20 and again on March 20, with further birds at Larford on March 14, April 19, 21 and May 28 and at Bittell on March 16. One at Holt remained from April 24 to May 8. Return passage began with birds at Westwood on July 4 and at Larford on July 6 and were followed by further singles at Westwood on September 7 and at both Diglis and Upton Warren on September 25. 88

Monthly maxima in Staffs:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Barton 2 3 4 9 4 3 1 Belvide — — 5 1 2 — — 1 1 — — — Blithfield 1 1 — 2 2 1 — S — — — — Branston — — 2 — — — — 3 — — — — Chasewater — — — — — — — 4 — — — — Elford — 2 4 4 4 5 4 Tittesworth — — — — — 2 — 1 — — — — Westport — — 1 1 1

Staffs Single pairs bred at Barton (three young) and Elford (two young). Noted at Croxall on January 17. W Mid One at Sandwell Valley on August 17 and two on October 25, with one at Sheepwash U.P. on September 3.

Black-winged Stilt 1987 Addendum Warks The pair at Alvecote, from May 28 to June 4,1987, has now been accepted by the British Birds Rarities Committee.

Avocet Warks One at Kingsbury on June 11 and 12 ARD et at. Worcs Two at Upton Warren on June 12 and 13 TMH, SWM et at, with one remaining until June 15, the first on the reserve since 1977.

Little Ringed Plover Average: March 22 (24) to October 3 (24) First seen on March 22 at Kingsbury. Most had left by the last week of September but one was still present at Belvide on October 5. Half-monthly maxima at main sites:

M A M J J A s 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Alvecote — 3 2 2 1 1 3 Brandon — 1 4 — 3 — 2 — 3 — 2 — 1 1 — — Draycote — — 1 3 5 8 — — • 12 13 4 2 3 1 — — Kingsbury — 6 10 8 12 8 8 6 9 S 5 3 — — — — Ladywalk — 1 2 2 — 2 1 — 8 12 — — — — — —

Bittell 1 7 3 1 1 _ Bredon's Hardwick — — 2 5 4 1 2 1 — 5 3 1 Holt — 1 — 1 1 1 — — 2 4 3 — — — — — Larford — — 5 3 4 3 2 2 — 1 Upton Warren — — 4 S 5 4 S 9 8 7 S 1 — — — — Other sites — • — 4 2 4 2 2 2 — — — — — 1 — —

Belvide 0 0 1 3 2 3 4 10 12 3 1 1 0 3 0 0 Blithlield 0 0 — — — 2 1 2 6 6 6 1 2 1 0 0 Chasewater 0 2 2 2 — — — — 4 — 1 2 0 0 0 0 Doxey 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0

Sandwell Valley 3 4 4 S 7 8 7 3 Sheepwash U.P. — 1 S 8 11 6 S 4 4 3 2 1 1 — — — 89

Warks Definite breeding pairs noted at Draycote (two/three), Kingsbury (two), Ladywalk and Wasperton (two). Others attempted breeding at Alvecote, Brandon, Bedworth, Coleshill and The Somers. Worcs One pair successfully reared one chick at Upton Warren. Elsewhere pairs held territory in May and June at Aston Mill, Bredon's Hardwick, Larford and Lower Moor; an adult, with three juveniles at Holt in late July, may have bred locally. Staffs Breeding noted at Barton, Berry Hill, Branston, Chasewater, Elford, Hanley, Kings Bromley and Kingswood, with good success despite rising water levels. Noted on passage at five other sites. WMid Three pairs at Sandwell Valley, but only one pair bred successfully, rearing two young; four pairs at Sheepwash U.P. but only one young was reared and that later died. Probably bred at Meriden, Netherton and Wednesfield; seen on passage at Brierley Hill Pools, Bartley Plants Brook and Stubbers Green.

Ringed Plover In contrast to last year, a poor spring but good autumn passage. Half-monthly maxima at main sites:

M A M J J A S O 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Draycote 7 3 3 5 6 4 3 15 26 10 1 Kingsbury/Coton area 7 7 6 19 13 6 4 4 5 1 6 6 5 2 — —

Bittell 1 2 IS 23 11 6 Bredon's Hardwick — — — S 3 1 — — — — — 1 — 2 — — Larford — — — — 1 3 — — — 2 — — — 1 — — Upton Warren — — — 5 8 3 5 2 1 3 3 1 10 7 — — Other sites (2) — — — — — — 2 — — • — 1 — —

Barton 4 8 12 6 6 8 10 3 4 2 3 4 Belvide — — 0 6 3 1 2 0 0 1 2 2 4 9 4 0 Blithlield 1 7 6 6 12 9 10 5 1 Chasewater — — — 3 — — — — — 4 3 6 16 44 17 4 Ellord — — 2 3 1 — — — — — 2 — — — — — Tittesworth — — — 1 — — — — — — 1 1 — — — — Others (3) 7 — — 1 2 — — — — — — — 1 1 — —

Sandwell Valley 1 1 — 1 1 3 1 1 1 Sheepwash U P. — — — 1 1 — — — — 1 — 1 1 1 — —

Warks The first of the year returned to Kingsbury on February 14. A pair successfully raised three young there, the family party vacating the area around the beginning of July. Away from Draycote and Kingsbury, it was a poor year with only odd singles, at Alvecote, Brandon, Earlswood, The Somers and Wasperton. Worcs A strong autumn passage at Bittell peaked at 23 birds on August 20 and reflected the very low water levels at this locality. Staffs Bred at Barton (three or four pairs) and Elford (one pair). Three were at Barton on February 16. 90

Dotterel Warks One in the Wasperton and Wellesbourne area from December 17 into January 1989 represented the first winter record for the region PFA etal.

Golden Plover Average: August 12 (41) to April 25 (42) A steady departure throughout the first half of April, with a final record on April 24 at Upton Warren. The first returns were at Sandwell Valley and Cowsden on the early dates of July 15 and 16, respectively. Monthly maxima at main sites:

J F M A M J J A s O N D

Coton 800 178 110 200 1100 Dordon 1000 400 250 800 1000 500 Draycote 816 48 220 Wellesbourne BOO

Bredon area 1000 1350 500 26 - — — 3 225 930 1100 Throckmorton area 550 830 1

Ashmore Park 500 152 417 0 455 50 Belvide 0 15 8 0 0 0 0 0 8 130 2 1 Kingswood 530 1 35 640

Warks Clearly there is a great deal of movement between the main sites. The flock in the Dordon area frequently moved about the Tame Valley and probably also along the Anker, where up to 700 could be found at Hartshill or Bramcote. Similarly, a flock of 500 at Church Lawford on October 2 visited Draycote. In the first winter period, a flock in the Chesterton and Moreton Morrell area peaked at 420 on February 29. At Bramcote, a maximum of 680 was seen on February 18. At Ladywalk, 300 on December 29 was unusual, as birds seldom settle there in numbers. Worcs The only other notable flocks reported in addition to those above were 78 at Aston Mill on April 10 and 100 at Broomhall in November. An early returning bird was with Lapwings at Cowsden on July 16. Staffs At least one pair bred on the moors, with at least two or three others in the area. Notable counts were 240 at Hixon on March 13, 165 at Drayton Bassett on November 23,200 at Alrewas on December 12 and 103 at Elford on December 14. W Mid Two adults at Sandwell Valley on the unusual date of July 15. In December, a small flock at Pendeford and 13 flew south over Dunstall Park on 17.

Grey Plover A very good year, particularly in October, suggesting strong overland passage this autumn. Also a small arrival occurred in the middle of September. Warks A good year, especially at Draycote, with spring records of singles on April 23 and 24 and five on May 7. At Coton and Kingsbury, singles on May 1, 8, 13 and 22. Return passage at Draycote began on September 16 with 91

two juveniles present until October 2, being joined by an adult on September 15 and an unaged bird on 20. A further single was seen from October 8 to 26, with two on 28. Six flying west over Coton on October 2 was the only oilier return passage lecord. Worcs In spring, singles were seen at Upton Warren on March 31, and at Larford on May 11. A strong return passage began with a juvenile at Bittell on September 14, followed by four there on September 17 and seven on September 20. Birds passed through Upton Warren on October 6,8,11,12, 20 and November 10. Staffs Singles during April at Barton on 19 and Belvide on 22. Two flew west over Blithfield on August 10. One at Chasewater from September 14 to 18. Singles at Elford on October .1 and Chasewater from October 6 to 9,12 and 28. Two at Belvide on October 10 and singles on 23 and 30. Five at Blithfield on October 13 and one flew over on December 3. W Mid One over Kingstanding on October 1.

Lapwing Warks Poor breeding success noted, with several observers commenting specifically on predation by corvids. Pairs bred at Alvecote (two), Ladywalk, Packington (eight) and The Somers (one). In the first winter period, the best flocks were at Chadshunt (1000), Draycote (2500), Kingsbury (1500) and Newbold Pacey (500). In the second period, the largest flocks were all noted in late December: Draycote (3000), Coton (500) and Poolfields (1000). At Ladywalk, a leucistic bird was present on September 15 and 29 and, from June to September, an individual with a partly severed leg. The leg eventually set, but was the wrong way round and totally useless BLK. Worcs Breeding birds reported from Aston Mill, Hampton, Fladbury (two pairs), Larford, Ripple (three pairs) and Throckmorton (two pairs). Good winter counts were received, with 5000 in the Bredon area in January falling to 4000 in February and 500 by March. A peak count of 3200 at Throckmorton in late January fell to around 2000 during February, whilst 2200 remained on Powick Hams during the first two months. During March, flocks of 800 were seen at Clevelode and Ripple, with 750 present at Upton upon Severn. Post breeding flocks totalled 500 at Bredon's Hardwick, from mid- July, with 350 at Holt and 480 at Upon Warren during August. Late autumn numbers reached 350 at Bittell and 1000 at Powick in November, whilst the Bredon flock rose from 1200 in the same month to 4000 during December. 500 had also gathered between Holt and Grimley by the end of the year. Staffs Breeding pairs confirmed at Abbots Bromley, Belvide (eight), Branston (four), Doxey (nine), Elford, Hamstall Ridware, Keele (eight), Lichfield, Pasturefields (eight or nine), Werrington (eight) and Wychnor. Doxey held good numbers most of the year with 3000 in January and February, decreasing to 89 by the end of May and 200-300 from June to December. Other noteworthy counts were 1000 at Rickerscote on January 8, 1015 at 92

Kingswood on February 15, 2300 at Bottom House on August 12 and 1000 at Blithtield during November and December. WMid 11-13 pairs reared over 20 young in the Sandwell Valley (1987: 3/4 pairs) and two pairs successfully reared five young at Sheepwash U P., the first successful breeding there. Notable flocks were 300 at Meriden on February 26 and July 24, 112 at Park Lime Pits on July 16, 230 at Sandwell Valley on July 14 and 200 at Stubbers Green on December 23. Summated monthly maxima at all localities for the commoner Wader species:

J F M A M J J A s O N D

Lapwing 18821 14850 2009 178 161 457 3020 6730 1828 1290 4830 1400 Jack Snipe 42 30 60 22 — — — — 2- 35 41 48 Snipe 347 627 578 210 44 45 57 140 203 340 362 412 Curlew 38 9 220 31 74 74 124 109 225 117 99 1 Redshank 16 13 91 98 79 80 25 31 16 8 11 12

Knot Warks All records were from Draycote possibly involving seven different individuals. Singles were present from February 6 to 13, on May 22 and 25 and between August 27 and October 19 with two on September 6. Worcs One at Bittell on September 14. Staffs One flew over Mill Green on January 7. One at Belvide on August 4. Two at Chasewater on August 11 and one on 21. Singles at Belvide on August 30 to 31 and also from September 2 to 9. One at Blithfield on September 11. Three immatures at Chasewater on September 13 and singles on October 17, 19, 20 and also on November 1. W Mid One at Sheepwash U.P. on September 2.

Sanderling A good spring passage and more evenly spread than 1987. Warks At Draycote, occurred on seven dates between April 21 and May 25 with a maximum of three on the last date. At Kingsbury, one from April 28 to May 1 and another on May 9, with two at Coton from May 19 to 21. One at Wasperton on May 8. Return passage was restricted to one at Draycote on July 28, two on August 8 and one at Coton on August 20. Worcs In spring, singles seen at Larford on April 18 and at Bredon's Hardwick on May 1, 9 and 12. In autumn, one at Bredon's Hardwick on November 20. Staffs Singles at Belvide on May 3, 20, 30, 31, June 1, and at Tittesworth on May 17. One at Chasewater on July 23 and four on August 15. One at Barton on August 24 and Belvide on October 15. W Mid Two at Sheepwash U.P. on May 26 and 27.

1985 Addendum WMid Two at Sandwell Valley on May 21. 93

Little Stint An exceptional autumn passage, reflecting the national picture. The bird at Blithfield in December was the latest record ever in the Region. Warks Recorded at three localities between September 3 and October 19. At Draycote, present more or less throughout this period, with seven on September 6, five from 9 to 11 and four on 13. One or two were then seen on most days until October 11 to 14 (three). At Coton, one on September 3 with a different individual on 5 and 6 and two on 7. Two at Alvecote on September 10. Worcs At Bittell, an adult on August 6 and in September, a juvenile on 5, five on 6 and 7 and one on 8. Elsewhere, one at Holt on September 11 and singles at Upton Warren between September 8 and 13 and October 2 and 5. Staffs Autumn passage was noted at five sites between July 15 and October 10, although one remained, with Dunlin, at Blithfield from November 4 to the year's end. At Barton: two from August 25 to 29 and up to six between September 4 and 6. At Belvide: singles on ten dates from July 15 to October 7. At Blithfield, apart from the wintering bird, only one, from August 23 to 28. At Chasewater: up to four from August 21 to 28, one from September 7 to 12, up to five between September 18 and 29 and one from October 7 to 10. At Elford, one on September 20. W Mid An adult in worn summer plumage at Sandwell Valley from September 22 to 29, the first record from that locality.

Temminck's Stint Warks Singles at Wasperton on May 7 PFA and Draycote on 15 GIG, PDH, MJI, GJM.

Least Sandpiper

Worcs An adult in worn breeding plumage delighted nearly 1000 observers at Upton Warren during the course of its three-day stay, between August 13 94

and 15 SMW et al. This constituted the first county record and only the sccond for the Region, the other being in 1071. A small and rather squat looking Stint which covered the ground slowly whilst feeding. Crown dark brown, decked paler: supercilium dull whitish-grey though not contrasting markedly with greyish-brown sides to the head and darker loral slripe; slightly darker oval patch apparent towards rear of ear coverts. Upperparts rather dark brown with contrastingly paler 'tramlines' running down sides of mantle, though not quite meeting on lower back; scapulars dark centred with paler bases and fine fawn fringes; wing coverts and flight feathers dark brownish with less contrasting fine paler edges; folded primaries reached the end of the tail. Underparts showing paler oil-white on chin and upper throat, with the breast fairly heavily streaked darker and forming quite a neat pectoral division from the white lower breast, belly and undertail. Bill fairly fine, dark and with a slight droop towards the tip: eye dark; legs lairly short and a dull ochre/ orange colour. In flight, the white wing bar extended across to the bases of the inner primaries, whilst Ihe while sides to the rump and uppertail contrasted with the black central tail band and greyish outer tail leathers.

Pectoral Sandpiper The Worcs. bird was the latest recorded date for the Region. Warks A juvenile at Draycote from September 25 to October 2 SDN, RRH, PDH et al was the eleventh county record. Worcs A first winter bird was seen at Bredon's Hardwick on November 20 and 21 SJH, GHP, SMW.

W Mid An immature at Sandwell Valley on September 16 IK, PMH, AJW.

Curlew Sandpiper Like Little Stint, a strong autumn passage, nationally and regionally. Warks One at Coton on August 9 and three on September 2 and 3. On September 3, an excellentseries of records began at Draycote, with five, increasing to 10 on 6 and 13 on 9. Numbers then fell gradually away to five on 24, three on 25, and one from September 30 to October 8. One over a Nuneaton garden on September 23 was an unusual record. Worcs At Upton Warren, autumn passage began with one from August 30 to September 2 and then fluctuated with two until 6, seven on 7, five on 8, four on 9, three from 10 to 12 and nine on 13. At Bittell, a single on September 5 and 6, seven on 7 and further singles on 8 and 10 and a juvenile was at Westwood on September 9. Staffs Singles at Barton on August 25 and 29. At Blithfield, numbers rose from one on September 2 to eight from 6 to 11, with one remaining until 18. Chasewater held three on September 8, with numbers peaking at five on 13 and ending with one on October 2. Three at Elford on September 11 and at Belvide on September 14, with one at the latter on 15 and another on October 5. W Mid An immature at Sandwell Valley from September 10 to 24, a first record for this locality. Purple Sandpiper Warks An adult at Draycote on September 13 GIG, PDH, SDN was followed by a first-winter bird from September 18 to 26 several observers. Worcs An adult visited Bittell, briefly, on August 24 REH. 95

Dunlin Autumn numbers were particularly good and the mild weather meant that some birds prolonged their stay well into December. Half-monthly maxima at main sites;

JFMAMJJASOND 121212121212121212121212

Brandon — 1 2 — 2 2- - 2 2 J - - - — Draycote 1 2 2 18 25 1 3 21 4 14 36 45 26 26 15 15 15 - Kingsbury/Coton - - — — 7 3 7 17 15 6 3 1 3 24 14 IB 18 3 2 I — — — — Ladywalk I 2 - 3 3 2 2 2 - 2 I - 2

Bittell ______2 11 — 1 6 2 1 — — — — — Bredon's Hardwick 250 187 50 210 100 35 1 7 4 - 3 _ — _ 3 1 6 2$ 10 420 320 Hon - - - i - _ - — i — i 3 i — — — — Larford ___ 2 3-- - 1 4 i — — _ — — _ _ 1- Upton Warren — — — 1 — — 1 25 2 — 1 1 13 539 1 1 3 1 2 — — Other sites (4) - — - 2 - 6- ____ 1___ 4 _ _ _

Barton ____ 5 1 7 7 5 i__ 4 4 _ 3 4 2 — — — — — — Belvide _ — - _ 0 2 4 17 10 6 1 1 4 7 10 5 8 9 16 13 3 10 2 13 Blithlield 1 13 1 - 1 1 1 2 3 2 5 11 22 29 43 32 67 30 18 Chasewater 5 1 1 59 23 34 59 94 122 56 53 72 65 Elford _____ 3 i_____ 2 3 1 — 1 — — — — — Tiltesworlh 1 i-_ 1 111 2 i__-__ 1 _ Westport ___ i__ 1 — _ 2 - - i___ 1 Others (5) 2 I _ — 2 — 1— 1 2 — — — 64

Sandwell Valley — — — — I 1 1 4 4 — — — 1 5 3 3 2 4 2 4 — __ — Sheepwash U.P. ___ 1 3 4 i-_ 2 7 2 - 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ _

Warks Lesser numbers were reported as follows: singles at Alvecote in April, May and August, up to three at Wasperton in April, May and December, singles at Bedworth and Seeswood and three at Napton on March 12. Worcs Again good numbers in the Bredon area at both ends of the year, although the peak count of 506 on February 14 was of a flock just outside the county boundary. Staffs An early single at Blithfield on February 28. Low water levels and mild autumn weather led to good numbers at all major sites. Blithfield held a peak count of 67 on November 20, with six still present on December 31. At Chasewater, a record number of 122 were present on October 20, and 65 were still present at the end of the year. The same birds fed amongst Golden Plover at Kingswood, on December 27 and 28. Also at Chasewater, an injured bird in full breeding plumage was present from November 29 to December 5.

Ruff A poor year throughout the Region. Half-monthly maxima at main sites:

M A M J J A S 0 1 2 1 2 12 12 1 2 12 12 12

Oraycote - 10 7 2 — — Ladywalk _ 1 1 5 1 — — — 96

MAMJJASO 1212121212121212

Bittell ______2 — — — Bredon's Hardwick — 2 3 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — Upton Warren ______i____ 2 2 1— 1

Barton — — — — — — — — — 1 — 1 1 — — — Belvide — — 14 0 0 1 — ___ 3 2 3 2 2 0 Blithfield ______1 2 2 2 1 1 — Chasewater — — — — — — — — — — 2 2 — — 1 — Elford ______1__ 3 _ _ _ nihers (?) 1 _ — — — 0

Sandwell Valley ______1 1 1 —

Warks A! Alvecote, two on August 12 and September 9 and one on September 10. At Brandon, there were three records of singles in August. In the Kingsbury area, one on February 20 and 28, one on August 19, two on 29, one from September 17 to 20 and one on 29. Worcs One at Holt on September 15. Two at Bredon's Hardwick on December 11 and three on 17. Staffs Noted at Blithfield from November 18 to December 13, with a maxima of three on November 20.

Jack Snipe Average: September 29 (47) to April 19 (43) Last noted at Kingsbury on April 16. Returned on September 28, to Sandwell Valley where there were record counts in the first winter period. Warks Monthly maxima at main sites:

JFMAMJJASOND

Brandon 1 1 1 — — — — — — 2 — — Kingsbury 1 '1 9 4 _ _ _ _ _ 5 4 3

Two were regularly present at Whittleford Park, Nuneaton in the first winter period. In the second period, present in the Bermuda area from November 6. Two at Coleshill on November 22. Worcs In the first winter period, ones and twos recorded at Aston Mill, Broadway G.P., Lower Moor and Strensham; three at Holt and four at Upton Warren in January and four at Abberton and three at Castlemorton Common in February. In autumn, noted at Bittell, Castlemorton Common, Holt and Strensham, with four reported at Bredon's Hardwick in November and a similar number at Upton Warren in December. Staffs Good numbers noted at Mill Green, with a maximum of seven on February 11, and Chasewater with 11 on November 25. Smaller numbers at Belvide, Blithfield, Croxall, Doxey, Elford, Longsdon Mill and Lordsley. W Mid Unprecedented numbers at Sandwell Valley, probably due to lack of frosts and stable water levels. 25 on January 31 had increased to 35 on March 12, a Regional best count. Smaller numbers, up to 15, during autumn. A single 97

at Sheepwash U.P. on March 1 and a maximum 3 on November 28. Further singles at Brierley Hill Pools on November 25 and Saltwells Wood Nature Reserve on December 21.

Snipe Numbers rose quite markedly from late January through to March, prior to dispersal. Warks Drumming noted at Brandon, Ladywalk, Middleton, Packington, The Somers and Whitacre Heath. Notable maxima were 53 at Brandon, 185 at Coton (March) and 30 at Ladywalk. At Brandon, one was taken by a Sparrowhawk on September 28. Worcs Drumming noted at Abberton, Bredon's Hardwick (two), near Kidderminster and at Wilden (two). Very low numbers at the start of the year, but quite an influx in February when 42 gathered at Abberton, 106 at Eckington, 51 at Holt and 33 at Ripple. Numbers then remained reasonably high into March, with 46 at Abberton, 32 at Aston Mill and 31 at Strensham. In autumn, again very scarce until a slight increase in December when 24 were counted at Bredon's Hardwick and 22 at Castlemorton Common. Staffs Breeding noted at Doxey (11 pairs 1987:17 pairs), Goldsitch Moss, Pasturefields (two pairs) and Tixall (four to six pairs). At Doxey, winter counts showed an increase with minimum of 80 during January, 120 in both February and November and 160 in December. Maxima elsewhere were 110 at Mill Green and 44 at Belvide in February, 50 at Stafford Common on March 19 and 56 at Chasewater on October 16. W Mid Drumming noted at Four Oaks (one pair) and Sutton Park (two pairs). At Sandwell Valley, 100 on January 31 had increased to 150 by March 12 but autumn counts were less than 100. Sheepwash U.P. held 37 in December.

Woodcock Warks Fewer reports in the breeding season with roding recorded at Atherstone, Bentley, Bowshott Wood, Combrook, Lighthorne, Oakley Wood, Packington and Shawbury. Records received for eight sites in winter. Worcs Roding birds heard at Devil's Spittleful (two), Dowles Brook (three), Trench Wood (two), Weethley Wood (two), West Malvern and Weyman's Wood. Outside the breeding season noted at Malvern and Oakley in February; Collins Green in March; Castlemorton Common in October; Bredon Hill, North Hill, Powick, Upton Warren and Wissetts Wood (two), all in November and Abberton in December. Staffs Over 11 roding birds in the Sherbrook Valley. At Moseley Old Hall, one present from January to March. Also noted at Kettlebrook on April 6, Maer Hills on November 13, Chasewater on November 18 and 25, Westport on November 26 and Weeford on December 15. WMid In March, singles at Coundon Wedge and Sheepwash U.P. and two at Sandwell Valley; in autumn, singles at Sutton Park in October and at Sheepwash U.P. and Sandwell Valley, again, in November and December. 98

Black-tailed Godwit Reasonable spring and autumn passage, with small concentrations in the first fortnight of April, on June 23 and July 15. The flocks in Staffs in June were early and the Blithfield flock was only three fewer than the highest regional count there in 1986. Warks Singles at Kingsbury on April 27 and Coton on April 30. Worcs A strong spring passage at Bredon's Hardwick began with one on March 16, with others on March 20, April 4 and 10, two on April 12 and 13 and further singles on April 17 and 19. On return, four visited Upton Warren on July 5, one was at Larford on July 24 and another at Upton Warren on August 20. One at Blackpole on November 12 was a late record. Staffs Singles at Belvide on April 3, 4, 8, and Doxey on May 11. Return passage started early with 10 at Barton and 20 at Blithfield on June 23, with three at Branston on July 5 and Belvide on July 6. Singles noted at Blithfield on July 7, 29, 31, Tittesworth on August 6 and Barton on September 2.

Bar-tailed Godwit In terms of numbers, the best year since 1985 and with a fair spread of records. Warks On April 30, singles at Kingsbury and Draycote, with two at the last locality on May 7. On September 10, one at Coton and five flying south-west over Draycote. Worcs One stopped briefly at Upton Warren on May 2, whilst another at Bredon's Hardwick on the same date remained until May 7. Staffs Singles at Belvide on April 22, Kingswood on April 24 and 25 and two at Tittesworth on May 22. Return passage began with two at Elford on August 22, then singles at Barton from August 23 to 24 and Chasewater on September 12. Finally, four at Blithfield on November 19.

Whimbrel A good year for numbers and the spread of records. Warks Singles were frequently seen, usually over the Kingsbury and Ladywalk areas between April 17 and May 11, with three together on April 30. One at Draycote on April 30 and two on May 14. The only record for the autumn was two at Coton on August 28. Worcs A good year began with one at Puckrup on April 6. One then flew over Barnard's Green on April 27. Three at Bredon's Hardwick on April 30 had increased to six by May 2, with further singles there on May 7,8 and 14. At Upton Warren, noted on April 30, May 1,6 and 30. Additional records were received from Wilden on May 1, Lower Wick on May 8 and Larford on May 12. At Upton Warren, returning birds were noted from June 21, with others on July 25 (two), August 2 and September 17. Elsewhere, one was heard over Old Hills on August 5, with another passing over Barnard's Green on September 25. Staffs Singles at Elford on April 15,28 and May 5, Belvide on April 16, 22 and May 99

3, Barton on May 3, Burton-on-Trent on May 7 and Tittesworth on May 13. In autumn, at Belvide, singles on six dates between July 9 and August 20, with two on July 7 and August 8 and 27. Further singles were at Blithtield on July 31 and September 18 with two near Royal Cottage on August 1 and one at Westport on August 25. W Mid In spring, three at Sheepwash U.P. on May 8 and one on May 9 and one at Sandwell Valley on May 26. On return, three flew south-west over longstanding on July 19, with four more on September 8. Singles at Sandwell Valley on July 29, August 4 and 20.

Curlew

Warks Monthly maxima in the Kingsbury/Ladywalk area:

JFMAMJJASOND

1 8 14 6 — 1 24 24 24 15 7 1

Four pairs bred in the north of the county. In the south present in the breeding season at Compton Verney, Graydon, Lighthorne, Oxhill and Tysoe and in the north, at Packington. Other good numbers were 11 at Chapel Ascote on April 17 and 26 at Chesterton on May 8. Worcs Breeding season records received from Bredon's Hardwick (three pairs), Eckington (two pairs), Hanbury, King's Green, Lower Smite (two pairs), Menithwood, Monkwood, North Piddle, Oakley, Ockeridge, Old Hills, Puckrup, South Littleton, Stamford Bridge, Strensham, Tibberton (two pairs), Timberhonger, Trench Wood, Upton Snodsbury and Wichenford. 100

Good numbers at Upton Warren outside the breeding season, with a spring peak of 49 in March, whilst the autumn flock reached 90 in July, 120 in September, 99 in October and 90 in November. Elsewhere, the largest • flock reported was of 11 at Holt in September. Staffs Breeding records from Abbots Bromley, Aqualate, Barton-under- Needwood, Branston, Goldsitch Moss, Knotbury, Millwich, Morridge and Rickerscote. A pair attempted to breed at Doxey, but failed due to disturbance. 120 reported from the roost at Longsdon Mill Pool on March 3 and 42 at Tittesworth on April 15. The only large numbers noted in the autumn were 47 at Whittington on September 9. Smaller numbers reported from many localities. WMid Small numbers at Bartley, Brierley Hill Pools, Bilston, Dudley, Sandwell Valley, Sheepwash U.P., Streetly, Sutton Park and Park Lime Pits, involving mainly flight records.

1987 Addendum W Mid 20 north-west over Erdington on October 23.

Spotted Redshank Warks At Brandon, two on May 16 and singles on May 19 and 21. One at Kingsbury and Ladywalk on April 16, at Ladywalk on 17, Kingsbury on April 20, August 30 and September 23 and at Coton on October 1. Worcs In spring, singles at Upton Warren on April 21 and at Bredon's Hardwick on May 1. On return passage, adults visited Upton Warren on June 20 and August 2, whilst two juveniles at the same locality on August 30 remained until early the following morning. Staffs Noted at Belvide on July 12 and 22 and one from August 15 to 16. Singles at Barton and Belvide on September 4, two at Tittesworth on September 19, three on 20 and 23, and one on 25. WMid Singles at Sandwell Valley on April 16 and, briefly, on September 6, with one at Sheepwash U.P. on September 3.

Redshank Warks Monthly maxima in the Kingsbury area:

J F M A M J J A s O N •

10 11 IS 16 10 IB 4 1 2 6 4 6

Single pairs bred at Brandon, Kingsbury, Ladywalk and Whitacre Heath. Also present throughout the breeding season at the usual site near Coleshill and at The Somers. Others were reported as follows, (maxima in brackets), Alvecote (five), Bedworth Woodlands, Brandon (six), Draycote (six), Ladywalk (seven), Middleton (two), Shustoke (two), Wasperton and Whitacre Heath (14). Worcs Reported in the breeding season at Bredon's Hardwick (up to five pairs), Larford, Ripple and Strensham. Also regular at Upton Warren, but none 101

settled down to breed. Spring passage birds noted at Aston Mill, Birlingham, Clifton, Eckington, Holt and Westwood, and in autumn at Bittell, Holt and Westwood. Staffs Bred at Belvide (two pairs), Doxey, Pasturefields (three or four pairs) and in the Trent Valley (two pairs). Possible breeding at Branston (four pairs), Doley Common and Tixall. Noted at many locations from March to December, with noteworthy counts of 18 at Wychnor on March 27, 10 at both Belvide on May 18 and Blithfield on June 12 and 21 at Chasewater on August 15. W Mid Monthly maxima:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Sandwell Valley — — 3 3 5 4 4 3 1 — 1 — Sheepwash U.P. 1 2 —

Bred successfully at Sandwell Valley, rearing two young. Noted in April at Bartley (one), Brierley Hill Pools (two), Bradnocks Marsh (one) and Meriden (two), with one at the latter in May. One at Brierley Hill Pools in November.

Greenshank A steady passage in August and September, but no significant numbers. Half-monthly maxima at main sites:

MAMJJASO 1212121212121212

Brandon ___ 1 — — — — 2 2 — 3 — 2 1 — Oraycote _____ 2 — — — — 2 4 5 3 2 — Kingsbury ___ 3 5 i__ 1 2 4 7 6 2 1 — Ladywalk — — — — 1 — — — — 1 4 — 1 3 1 —

Bittell ______i___ 3 — — — Bredon's Hardwick — — — — — — — — — 1 — 1 1 — — — Grimley — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — Larford — — 1— 1_ — ______Upton Warren ____ 1__ 1.2 1 5 4 2 — — —

Barton — — — — — 1 — — — — 2 6 2 — — — Belvide — — — — 3 3 — — 1 1 4 2 7 0 — — Blithfield — — — — — 1 1 4 2 4 3 7 7 — — 1 Chasewater — — — — — — — — — — 2 1 — 3 — — Doxey — — — — — 2 — — — 1— 2 — — — — Elford _____ 2 — — 1 1 3 4 1 — — — Kingswood — — — — — — — — — — 1 — 1 1 — — Tittesworth — — — — — — - 1 1 1— — _ — Westport ______1 2 1 — — — Others (6) — — — — — — — — 2 — 2 3 1— 1 —

Sandwell Valley ______2 5 2 2 3 — Sheepwash U.P. ______1 2 2 3 1

Warks Smaller numbers or more irregular sightings were reported from Alvecote, Bedworth Woodlands, Coleshill, Coombe, Seeswood, The Somers, Wasperton and Wormleighton. 102

Worcs A late bird at Bittell in early November. W Mid One flew west over Kingstanding on September 6. Up to 30 individuals passed through Sandwell during autumn passage.

1985 Addendum Staffs Ten at Essington on August 30.

Green Sandpiper Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N 0

Brandon 1 3 1 9 17 20 12 3 2 3 Kingsbury 2 1 4 3 — 4 8 13 3 3 2 3 Ladywalk 2 2 4 3 1 2 8 7 6 6 3 3 Wasperton — — 6 4 1 — 1 1 — — — 4

Bittell — i 2 — — — — — — — — — Bredon's Hardwick 2122—1133234 Grimley 1— 1— — — 2 2 7 — 2 — Slrensham — — — — — — — 1 — 2 — — Throckmorton — — 1 1 — — 2 2 1 — — — Upton Warren 4 — — 2 — 14 16 10 5 — 1 — Westwood ______i 2 1 — __ Other sites (6) — — 21— 11 — — 11 —

Barton — — 8 2 — 1 1 23 1 — — Belvide — — — 1 4-1 1 3 11 1 — Blithfield — — — — — 4 2 2 4 — 1 — Branston 1 — — — — — — 2 1 1 — — Doxey 1 — — 1 — — — — — — — — Ellord 32230 17S6964 Tittesworth ______2 2 — 1 — Others (3) 3—- — — — — — 5 1 — — —

Sandwell Valley 1 1 1 1 — 1 1 1 1 — — —

Warks The autumn numbers at Brandon were especially noteworthy. Elsewhere, there were 10 at Whitacre Heath on August 17 and smaller numbers at Alvecote, Bedworth Woodlands, Bishops Itchington, Coombe, Chesterton, Hartshill, Seeswood, Shustoke and The Somers.

Wood Sandpiper Warks One at Wasperton from May 1 to 3 and at Bedworth Woodlands on May 10. One at Coton and Kingsbury on May 7 and 8 and two at Coton on 21. In autumn, only two records; at Kingsbury on July 23 and 27. Worcs In spring, seen at Upton Warren on May 8 and 18. Return passage saw singles at the same locality between July 28 and August 2 and again from August 8 to 20. Staffs One at Belvide on April 24, two at Ooxey on May 7, with one still present on May 10 and one at Barton on May 16. The only autumn record was one at Branston on September 9. 103

Common Sandpiper Average: April 6 (52) to October 21 (48) Aside from an overwintering bird at Draycote, first noted on April 7 at Westport, followed by an influx in mid-April. Most had left by mid- September, but three were still present at Draycote on October 28 and the mild weather persuaded individuals to overwinter there and at Tittesworth. Half-monthly maxima at main sites:

MAMJ JASO 1212121212121212

Draycote — — 1 8 9 8 — 1 17 18 15 12 6 2 2 3 Kingsbury/Coton — — 1 8 3 2 — 1 10 20 37 12 6 4 — — Ladywalk — — — 1 1 1— 4 — 1 2 — — — — —

Bittell ______1 5 12 9 9 3 — 2 — Bredon's Hardwick — — —264—1543262 1 1 Holt - i____ 1 1_____ Larford — — —631—2341 1 21— — Upton Warren — — 1 46 1— 2466542 — — Westwood ___ 4 — ___ i i 2 i 2 i__ Wliden - 2 4 4 — — — — — 1 — — 1— — OtheC sites (9) — — 2 1— — — — 2 1— 1 2 — — —

Belvide — — 1 36302 13 19 13 84051 Blilhfield — — — 221 1 4 11 26 14 4 8 1 1 — Chasewater — — — — — — — — — 4 9 6 4 3 0 0 Doxey — — 5 5 2 1 1 124444100 Tittesworth - 3 3 1 2 — 4 5 6 2 2 — — — Westport — — 02210024121100

Sandwell Valley — — 2942009 11 5621 10 Sheepwash UP. — — 34120014442310

Warks One wintered in both periods at Draycote, being observed until early April and then from October to the end of the year. Other records, of smaller numbers, were received from 13 other locations. Staffs Bred at Doxey, where two downy young were seen being fed by parents. Also seen in a suitable area on the moors, but no breeding was noted. Seen on passage at eight other sites. An overwintering individual was present at Tittesworth from at least November 12 to the end of the year.

Turnstone A good year. Warks In spring, up to two at Kingsbury between May 4 and 22, with singles at Coton on May 4 and 8, Wasperton on May 5, Ladywalk on May 7 and Brandon on May 8. Draycote recorded singles on April 16 and 28 and May 21, with seven there on May 8. A good series of return passage records at Draycote was due to extremely low water levels. Singles were present from August 20 to September 13, with four from August 27 to 30 and five on September 3. 104

Worcs Singles at Upton Warren on August 20 and 31, with a party of eight pausing briefly on September 2. Staffs Singles at Barton on April 30 and Belvide on May 12 and 15 to 18. In autumn, singles at Barton on July 18 and Blithfield and Chasewater on July 29, two at Chasewater on July 31 and August 17 with further singles on 21, 22 and 24. One at Belvide on August 22 and one at Barton from August 23 to 29. W Mid In spring, two at Sheepwash U.P. on May 23; on return, one there on August 9 and one at Sandwell Valley on September 3.

Grey Phalarope As usual, records associated with storms which drove birds inland. Warks Two at Draycote on September 25 ARD, PDH. Staffs One at Chasewater on September 28 GEand one at Belvide on October 8 and 9 IL et al.

Red-necked Phalarope Warks One at Shustoke was enjoyed by many observers between September 28 and October 2 BLKetal. This was the second for the locality in three years and the longest stay ever recorded in the Region.

Wilson's Phalarope 105

Warks A first-winter bird at Draycote from September 12 to 22 was a first for the county and second for the Region MB, AC, PDHetal. This follows the first record, at Upton Warren on September 14 1985.

Arctic Skua Most of this good series of records coincided with remarkable skua passage around the coasts, particularly in September and early October. Warks At Draycote, four (three dark/one pale) on September 13 PDH and one dark morph the next day AC, JL, SDN. Worcs A pale morph adult flew over Bredon's Hardwick on August 19 SJH and another passed over Upton Warren on September 2 JTB. Staffs An adult dark morph flew north over the A38 at Branston on September 24 JCE-D. Following the severe north-westerly gales, a dark morptibird was seen at Doxey on October 7 JC. W Mid A dark morph, possibly the Doxey bird, passed through Sandwell Valley on October 7 IK, a first record for the locality.

Great Skua

Staffs A juvenile at Chasewater on October 7 JSB, GMH.

_ Skua sp. Worcs An adult, pale morph, small to medium-sized skua flew through Upton Warren on August 13 GS, GT. V Mediterranean Gull Another record year (see earlier article). Warks Probably seven different individuals were seen at Draycote and two at Coton. On February 21, an adult in almost full summer plumage was at Draycote ^Cand presumably the same was also seen on March 12 ARD and 19 ARD, PDH. On April 9, two summer plumaged adults were present REH. A first-winter bird on September 21 AC and 26>4flDwas the first of the six seen in this winter period. It was followed by a presumed different first- winter on November 12 and 17 REH which was also seen on December 3 REH, PDH, DJS, 11 ARD and 18 several observers. A second-winter on November 13 AC, ARD and an adult winter on December 17 PDH, 21 GIG, 27 REH and 29 ARD completed the year at Draycote. At Coton, a second- winter was seen on December 4 ARD and a first-winter on 31 ARD, REH, PDH. This bird was judged as definitely different to the Draycote bird earlier in the month. Worcs A first-winter bird, first seen on December 31 1987, roosted at Westwood regularly between January 1 and ~\2.SMW et al. A first-summer, seen at Larford on July 7 GHP, was then seen regularly at Upon Warren between July 10 and August 18 JTB, SCet a/and appeared at Westwood on July 15 and 18 WD and again on August 20 REH, before it was last seen in almost complete second-winter plumage at Bittell on August 22 GJM. 106

Additionally, a first-winter was seen at Bittell on September 12 and 13 GJM, SMW. Staffs A first-winter was found in the roost at Chasewater on January 3 DWE, SMcN and was present, daily, until January 30 per GE. A second-winter was at Westport on September 17 WJL.

Little Gull A good year, with notable movement on May 1. Warks An exceptionally good year at Draycote, with at least 35 birds involved in spring passage and seven in autumn. In spring, approximately 66% of birds were adult. The only record for the first-winter period was an adult on January 23. Spring passage commenced on April 13, peak movement being from April 23 to May 1, with seven on the first date and at least 14 passing through on May 1. Straggling immatures were present on May 8 and 9 and June 12. Return passage commenced on September 1 with two immatures until 7, three on 8, four on 9 and singles on 13, 24 and 25. The only adult was on October 5. Records from elsewhere were few. At Kingsbury, one on April 8, two on 16 and three on 30. An adult was at Seeswood on July 22. Worcs First-summer birds were seen at Upton Warren on May 12 and at Westwood on June 10. A second-winter at Larford on July 19 was followed by juveniles at Westwood on August 17 (two), 19 and 22, and first-winters at Bittell on-September 7 and Upton Warren on September 25 and October 2. An immature and an adult were then seen at Upton Warren on October 19, the adult remaining until 20. Staffs In spring, Belvide had an adult on April 22, an adult, second-summer and first-summer on May 1, followed by another adult on 5 and two on 22. Elsewhere, Blithfield had an adult and a second-summer on May 1 and Chasewater an adult on April 20. Belvide then had an adult from August 8 to 9. All other autumn birds were immatures, with singles at Belvide from August 11 to 16,19 to 23 and September 23 to 28, with two on 29 and further singles at Blithfield on August 23 and September 6, Chasewater on August 24 and from October 24 to 26 and Tittesworth on September 23. W Mid A juvenile at Sheepwash U.P. on September 1 and three more at Sandwell Valley on October 23.

Black-headed Gull Warks Bred again at Kingsbury but numbers not known. At least one albino was seen again this year, at the Coton and Draycote roosts and feeding at Hartshill sewage farm. Best counts at Draycote were 40000 on February 20 and 13000 on December 27. Elsewhere, 1500 were at Alvecote on August 16 and 700 at Chadshunt on February 16. Worcs In winter, the Westwood roost peaked at 3350 on January 7, before dropping to about 1000 by mid-February. Numbers then increased to 2000 on February 28, before dropping again to 600 by March 13. Elsewhere, 107

2800 were counted on Powick Hams on January 29, 1200 roosted at Bittell on February 7, 1150 gathered on floodwater at Upton-upon-Severn on February 14, whilst the peak count at Throckmorton was 500 on March 5. In summer and autumn, 525 were present at Throckmorton Tip on July 21, and 500 were seen feeding on flying ants over Barnard's Green on August 6. Numbers at Upton Warren rose from 500 on August 15 to 600 on September 2, before peaking at 800 on November 9. The roost at Westwood increased from 500 on October 27 to reach 2800 by December 25. At Throckmorton Tip, 1100 gathered to feed on December 2, 700 were at Bittell on December 23 and 1000 were present at Madeley Heath Tip on December 30. Staffs Breeding records from four .localities with 60 nests near Aqualate, 36 at Barton and eight breedi ng pairs reported at Elford. Other records included 760 at Mill Green on January 22,1000 at Copmere on February 12, 2000 at Aqualate on August 29 and 4000 on November 13, 5400 at Belvide on December 18, 4100 at Blithfield on September 11 and 20000 on November 6 and 8000 at Chasewater on October 19, where a bird in full summer plumage was seen on November 1. Various leucistic individuals were seen at Blithfield on December 31, Chasewater on February 2 and November 1 and Westport on November 23. W Mid Maxima were 2000 at Dunstall Park on January 8, 1100 at Aldridge on January 9 and 700 at Sheepwash U.P. on November 23.

Common Gull Lower numbers than usual, presumably due to the mild weather. Warks As usual Draycote held the best numbers. On January 10, 2500 roosted and on March 26, at least 3620 were counted coming in from one direction alone. Lesser numbers were reported from Chesterton and Seeswood, with maxima of 90 and 15 respectively. Worcs Recorded in every month, with sightings at 17 localities. Spring passage was again most notable in the south of the county, with 320 at Broadway on February 29, 300 on March 1, and 110 the following day. At Bredon's Hardwick, numbers were somewhat lower than in recent years, with 25 on February 7, 11 on March 31 and 13 on April 12. In late autumn, small numbers roosted at Westwood, whilst 15 were seen at Bredon's Hardwick on November 6 and 14 were at the same locality on December 14. Staffs Monthly maxima at Westport Lake:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

15 e 10 3 1 0 0 1 1 6 13 14

Small numbers reported at a few localities with up to 12 at Mill Green in the winter months. 15 at Blithfield on February 7 and 12 at Belvide on November 27 but an exceptional 100 reported at Blithfield on November 6. Only two singles reported in June and July. 108

W Mid Small numbers as usual during both winter periods, usually less than five with birds seen at Acocks Green, Dunstall Park, Netherton, Sandwell Valley, Sheepwash U.P., and QueslettTip.

Lesser Black-backed Gull Numbers peaked later in spring and earlier in autumn than normal. Warks 3000 at Draycote on February 27 was the only record from the first winter period. Maxima for the second period were 400 at Coton and 290 at Draycote in November and 650 at Ladywalk on September 3. Worcs Three pairs were thought to have bred in Worcester. In the first winter period, the Westwood roost held 770 birds on January 11 and a peak count of 500 was made at Throckmorton Tip on March 5. In summer and autumn, 310 were seen at Throckmorton Tip on July 21 before there was a large influx on September 15, when 2000 were counted. Numbers thereafter reached 600 on November 28 and 800 on December 2. Elsewhere, 300 were noted at Abberton on October 30, 390 in the Westwood roost on November 22 and 400 at Madeley Heath Tip on December 31. Staffs Monthly maxima at Westport Lake:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N O

537 953 1089 27 20 80 215 60 363 796 1369 1129

Peak roost counts at other sites included 2500 at Chasewater on October 19,1852 at Belvide on September 7 (most of which flew in from theSW) and 1500 at Blithfield on November 13. Interesting summer concentrations included 62 at Kingswood on June 28, 180 at Cobridge Tip and 420 at nearby Holden Lane Tip on July 14. W Mid Bred in central Birmingham, with two almost fledged young in June. Up to 12 birds occasionally seen over the city centre and more than one pair may have attempted breeding. Sheepwash U.P. held 600 during October, with smaller numbers noted at Dunstall Park and Sandwell Valley.

Subspecies: Worcs 15 dark-backed individuals, associated with the September influx at Throckmorton, were believed to be of the race intermedius, whilst another bird at the same site on November 28 resembed the race fuscus PFS. Staffs Birds considered to be of the race L.f intermedius were regularly seen at Westport from January 21 to March 1, with a maximum of 30 adults amongst 953 adult birds of the British race L.f graeiisii on February 29 WJL, JPM. Single adults were at Chasewater on February 14 OS and Blithfield on March 1 JCE-D. At Westport, an adult of the race L.f fuscus was seen on several dates between January 14 and 31 WJL, JP/Wfollowed by two adults on February 29, one remained until March 7 WJL and an adult on December 1 WJL 109

Herring Gull Low counts generally, reflecting, presumably, the mild weather. Note also comments on subspecies and earlier article on thayeri type gulls. Warks Very few counts received. Up to 550 roosted at Coton in December. 500 at Radway on March 12. On December 31, an adult of the thayeri type roosted at Coton which had no visible black area on one wing and a very small patch on the other (see article on page 32). Worcs 100 roosted at Westwood on January 3 and a similar number at Hartlebury Tip on January 12. In the second winter period, 100 passed over Upton Warren on December 11, 80 roosted at Westwood on December 27 and at least 200 were seen at Madeley Heath Tip on December 31. Staffs Monthly maxima at Westport Lake:

J F M A M J J A S O N D

206 115 110 5 1 1 1 5 6 16 76 427

Very few other records. 800 in a pre-roost gathering at Kingswood on March 13, 175 at Chasewater on 31 and 65 on April 11. 209 at Belvide on December 18. WMid Numbers less than 100 were reported from Valley and Dunstall Parks, Sandwell Valley and Sheepwash U.P.

Subspecies: Staffs One resembling the Omissus type L. argentatus was at Westport Lake on January 12 WJL.

Another bird, resembling Thayer's Gull, was at Kingswood and Chasewater from March 23 to 25. It was, in fact, more like Iceland Gull in proportions, but darker. The plumage was dark greyish-brown, particularly dusky on the breast. The head was paler, with darker colouring behind the eye. In flight, the outer primaries and a secondary bar were darker than the rest of the wing. The wings appeared rather broad, compared with the tail. The tail had a darker band at the tip. The bill appeared short and all black GE. The Records Committee noted that: (i) Iceland and Herring Gulls are not supposed to hybridise (per P J Grant) (ii) It does not appear to be Glaucous/Herring hybrid (iii) Kumlien's Gull in first winter is apparently indistinguishable (per P J Grant) (iv) This occurred at a similar time to the Thayer's Gull at Galway in Ireland (subject to BBRC and BOU approval) Ed.

Yellow-legged Gulls showing characteristics of the southern 'cachinnans' group were noted as follows: 110

Warks An adult at Ladywalk on October 30 JEF, possibly the same at Seeswood on November 6 SMH, MS and a third-winter at Draycote on November 5 GE. Worcs A fourth-winter at Westwood on several dates between January 1 and 14 SMW; a third-winter at Eckington on January 9 GHP; two adults and a third- winter at Westwood on January 11, with the third-winter seen again at Hartlebury Tip the following day SMW; an adult at Throckmorton Tip between October 30 and November 27 GHP, SMW, with probably a different bird at Lower Moor on November 5 GHP, WFP; an adult at Westwood on November 19, with a second-winter there on December 25 S/WWand finally an adult at Madeley Heath Tip on December 30 SMW. Staffs Two adults at Chasewater on January 10 JPM and one on January 20 SMW. An adult again at Chasewater from October 13 to 31, with three adults on November 6 and December 5, one on November 11, a third- winter on November 27, and a single adult on December 17 and 18 GE. At Westport, an adult from November 13 1987 remained until February 22, another adult accompanied this bird on January 2 and 22, with a third- winter on January 7. A second-winter was present from October 27 to November 14. An adult from November 2 to the end of the year, with different adults on November 2 and December 21 to 27. A third-winter on November 15 and a sub-adult on December 29 WJL, JPM.

Iceland Gull Staffs An excellent series of records. A first-winter at Chasewater on January 8 and 10 SMW, etal. An adult at Westport on January 10 GR was followed by another, seen on several dates from January 26 to February 19 WJL, NJS; further adults at Chasewater on January 17 and 21 several observers, February 12 MDJ and also at Holden Lane Tip on February 21 per WJL. A second-winter at Uttoxeter on February 10 WJL and at Chasewater on 17 JPM. A first-winter at Westport on February 2 to 7 was also seen at Astbury Sand Quarry, just in Cheshire on February 3 MS, at Blithfield on February 14 JCE-D, GMH and at Chasewater on 24 RCB, IDB; it moulted into a first- summer and was joined by an adult on March 4 GE and another first- summer on March 5 GJM, JJH. Both first-summers were still present on March 31 JJH, GE and one remained until April 11 GE. Nearby Kingswood was visited by both first-summers between March 12 and April 9 GE, SMW. A first-winter was at Belvide on November 26 IL. W Mid An adult at Sheepwash U.P. on February 27 GW.

Glaucous Gull A good series ol records; quiet in the second winter period until a notable influx in the last few days of December. Warks Most records were again in the first winter period. Draycote was the favoured locality with possibly eight different birds against three at Coton. At Draycote, a first-winter was present on January 1 AC, ARD and 3 AC, 111

G/Gandan adult on January 6 7"Wand 10 AC, ARD. On 10, the adult roosted with a second-winter ARD, REH, DJS and a first-winter, which appeared different to the earlier bird AC, ARD. On 30, a third-winter was presenMC, ARD, PDH. A second-winter on February 13 rested on fields beside the River Leam PDH before roosting AC, ARD. Another, possibly different, first-winter was present on February 27 several observers. The first winter period at Coton was not as productive. A first-winter on January 17 AC et at. was also seen on February 7 ARD. On February 14, a different individual was present ARD, PDH. In December, an adult was at Draycote on 26 PDH and a third-winter at Coton on 30 PDH and 31 REH, PDH. Worcs An adult and a first-winter roosted at Westwood on December 25 SMW, with the adult seen again the following morning GHP, SMW. Another first- winter was seen at Madeley Heath Tip on December 30 SMW. Staffs At Chasewater, a first-winter from January 3 to 17 JPMetal., a third-winter on January 11 and 17 JJHand a second-winter on January 17 to 21 SMW, GE, February 12 and 13 GJM, MDJ. At Westport, a second-winter from February 6 to 21 WJL, NJS. First-winter birds were at Blithfield on February 14 JCE-D, GMH and Westport on February 29 WJL. Again at Chasewater, an adult on March 3 and 6 AC, a first-winter on March 10 GE and 31 JJH and a third-winter on March 19 to 31 AC, JJH, which was also seen at Kingswood on March 23 GE. During the second winter period, first- winter birds were at Westport on December 26 PJ, DHS, AS, Belvide on December 27 and 30 PKD, IL, Blithfield on December 31 MJI, GJM and at Cannock Tip on the same day MJI, GJM. A third-winter at Cannock Tip on December 27 and a probable fourth-winter there on 31 MJI, GJM, which roosted at Blithfield that evening MJI, GJM. W Mid A first-year at Queslett Tip on January 8, JEF. Another, a first- or second- year, flew over Kingstanding on January 9, JEF A third-year at Queslett Tip on January 11, JEF. A first-winter roosted at Bartley Reservoir on December 30 SMW.

Glaucous or Iceland Gull Warks An adult, seen from a poor angle, was at Kingsbury on January 30 JAA.

Glaucous x Herring Gull hybrid Staffs A first-winter at Westport on January 2 and 7 WJL and a probable second- winter at Kingswood on March 24 and 25 GE.

Great Black-backed Gull Warks 100 at Draycote on February 27 and 117 at Coton on December 31 were the maxima for the respective winter periods. Otherwise, less than 50 in any other month. 45 at Ladywalk on December 12 was a record number for the site. Worcs Highest counts received were eight at Westwood on December 25 with 12 there on 27, eight at Madeley Heath Tip on December 30 and four at the 112

same locality the'following day. Smaller numbers were recorded at Eckington, Hartlebury Tip, Throckmorton, Upton Warren and Westwood in the first winter period and at Bredon's Hardwick, Martley and Throckmorton Tip in the latter part of the year. Staffs The now expected high numbers were present in the Chasewater area early in the year with 340, mostly adults on January 10, 117 on March 4 (immatures slightly outnumbering adults) and 10 first-summers on April 11. Adults seem to leave before immatures. Later in the year, there were 283 at Chasewater on December 10. At Westport, seen up to March 8, with 20 on January 6, and from November 21, with 10 on December 26. Few other records except an isolated count of 150 at Blithfield on December 11 and an unusually early record of one at Branston on August 25 WMid Ones and two at Dunstall Park, Sandwell Valley and Sheepwash U.P.

Kittiwake Totally unprecedented passage in late February and March, with numbers difficult to estimate but seemingly into four figures. Some passage (e.g. February 28 and March 27) was associated with strong north to north- westerly winds. The peak numbers on March 12 and 13 were associated with a stationary front, orientated north west-south east across the Midlands, which effectively halted the normal overland passage. The numbers may also have been exceptional due to cold northerlies holding birds on the west coast prior to passage. Warks Large movements occurred on March 12, 13 and 27. On 12, 76 adults arrived at Draycote at dusk. The following day, 41 adults passed over Ladywalk from the east, some pausing briefly. The same day two were at Coton. On March 27, at Draycote, 84 adults arrived just before dusk. 40 landed briefly before the entire flock continued on to the west. Others occurred as follows: At Draycote: January 3 (two), 31 (one), March 17 (one), 19 (four), 22 (two), 26 (three). At Coton: March 7 (13), December 26 (one). At Earlswood: May 9 (one), August 23 (one), September 15 (one). At Kingsbury: February 27 (one). Worcs An adult was seen on floodwater at Bredon's Hardwick on January 3, two adults roosted at Westwood on February 28, one was present at Bittell the following day and two visited Upton Warren on March 12. There followed an exceptional passage on March 13, with up to 59 birds involved — two were at Bredon's Hardwick in the early morning, whilst parties of four at Abberton, 11 at Larford, 24 at Throckmorton Tip and two at Upton Warren all flew straight through, before 16 roosted at Westwood that evening. An adult at Larford on March 14 remained until 16, whilst singles were seen to roost at Westwood on March 17 and 28 and fly through Arrow Valley Lake on March 23 and 24. In autumn, the only records involved first-winters at Upton Warren on October 14 and Bredon's Hardwick on November 6. Staffs An unprecedented passage in March was heralded by a record 200 at Blithfield on February 28, where there were 113 on March 6, 71 on 13, six 113

on 16 and one on 17. Also In March, Belvide had 10 on 13, two on 14 and one on 15; Branston had 30 on 13; Chasewater had 23 on 12,32 on 16,70 on 17, three on 18 and 24; Westport had one on 10, 51 on 12, seven on 13, two on 14, four on 15 and singles on 17, 18, 26 and 28; three flew west-south- west over Alrewas on 13; four were, at Tittesworth on 14 and there were singles at Barton on 13 and 21. 619 birds were recorded on just five dates; February 28 (200), March 6 (113) and March 12 to 14 (306). Only three first- winters were reported, the vast majority being adults. Other records were an adult at Stowe Pool, Lichfield on April 22, a juvenile at Belvide from August 20 to 21, with three there on September 6 and an adult at Chasewater on September 10 followed by a final first-winter there on November 11. WMid 30 flew over Swan Pool, Sandwell Valley on February 28, and singles occurred at Sheepwash U.P. on February 29 and at Queslett on an unrecorded date in March.

Caspian Tern Two records in a year is exceptional, reflecting higher than normal numbers in the country. Many of the other records occurred around the date of the Seeswood hird. Warks An adult at Seeswood Pool on May 8 departed with two Common Terns within ten minutes of being found. This was the third county record and the first May record for the Region JL. Staffs An adult at Westport Lake on June 8 was seen to fly in low from the south, over the factory roofs, at 0955 hours. It circled the lake before flying off, slowly circling high to the north-west WJL.

Sandwich Tern The amazing Draycote and Upton Warren flocks were part of marked passage on that day. Warks Two exceptional flocks were seen. On September 25, at least 40 flew through Draycote, with 13 remaining to feed GIG. This was the largest party ever recorded in the Region. On August 8, 22 flew over Lighthorne AK. More usual was a juvenile on September 13 and two on October 1, both records from Draycote. Worcs One at Larford on April 18 and, in autumn, an exceptional party of 28 birds was seen at Upton Warren on the morning of September 25 JLN, presumably part of the Draycote flock. Staffs After an early bird at Westport on March 27, there were two at Belvide on April 22. The only autumn record was one at Chasewater on September 15.

Common Tern Average: April 11 (3) to October 10 (3) Noted from April 12 at Seeswood to October 1 at Draycote, with peak passage at the end of April/beginning of May. 114

Warks Up to 30 adults seen at Kingsbury in late April and May with at least 12 pairs breeding. These birds probably account for records in summer from Alvecote, Ladywalk and The Somers with maxima of two, three and eight respectively. Also present throughout the summer at Brandon, with real interest being shown in the purpose-built gravel islands. Passage is, therefore, difficult to quantify in those areas but at Draycote, seen from April 22 until May 29 in spring and from June 26 to October 1 on return. Peak numbers occurred on April 28 (13), 30 (42), May 1 (16) and 7 (13). Seven were at Seeswood on April 12. Worcs A good year with parties of one to five birds noted at Bittell, Bredon's Hardwick, Church Lench, Larford, Pirton, Upton Warren and Westwood on dates between April 16 and September 8. Maxima of seven at Westwood on April 22 and May 13, a similar number at Bredon's Hardwick on May 1, eight at Westwood on May 18 and a flock of 32 which flew through Bittell on September 7. Staffs Breeding records indicate a strengthening position in the Tame Valley, with at least 12 pairs at three sites. Success unknown but juveniles seen at two of these sites in late summer. After the first at Westport on April 16, there were good numbers on passage, with peaks of 18 at Blithfield on May 1, 22 on August 8 and 18 at Chasewater on August 18. An immature, perhaps second-summer, was at Blithfield on May 20, with a first-summer there from June 8 to July 24. Also noted at Belvide, Doxey, Gnosall, Stoke Garden Festival site and three sites in the Tamworth area. W Mid Up to six at Sandwell Valley between April 22 and September 18. Up to two at Sheepwash U P., erratically, between May 23 and July 24. Two at Stubbers Green on May 6, with three on July 17. Two at Walsall Arboretum from May 24 to 26. Birds seen during the summer over Kingstanding and Perry Barr probably involved birds commuting between Sandwell and Kingsbury.

Arctic Tern A marked national passage at the end of April was concentrated, most notably in Staffordshire, on April 30 and May 1. Warks At Draycote, one on April 23, 13 on 24, two on 30 and one on May 1. Elsewhere, three at Kingsbury on April 30 and one at Coton on May 16. In autumn, all records were from Draycote. There were singles on August 20 and on three dates in September, two on September 7 and one on October 5. Worcs First seen on April 22 at Bredon's Hardwick and Westwood with further singles at Larford and Wilden on April 30. Four visited Bredon's Hardwick and Wilden on May 7. One at Bredon's Hardwick on May 10. On return passage, noted at Upton Warren and Westwood on August 18 and 19 respectively, before a party of 26 was grounded at Bittell on August 21 after heavy overnight rain. Further singles passed through Upton Warren on August 28, September 4 and 9. 115

Staffs After the first two at Belvide on April 11, there was a strong passage late in the month, notably on 30 when there were 31 at Chasewater, 17 at Barton, 11 at Blithfield, nine at Gailey, four at Belvide and two at Westport. Next day, May 1, there were 19 at Blithfield and eight at Belvide. Otherwise up to three were reported with the last at Chasewater on October 10. W Mid Three at Sandwell Valley on April 30, five on May 18, and one on July 29. One at Brierley Hill Pools between September 29 and October 2 and one at Sutton Park on October 3.

Commie Tern WMid Three at Brierley Hill Pools on May 5. 25-30 flew south-west over Shirley on August 8.

Little Tern Warks One at Draycote on May 8 and two at Kingsbury on May 25. Worcs A record year in the county, with up to 11 individuals. One at Upton Warren and Westwood on April 30, with singles at Larford on May 1 and 21 and at Bredon's Hardwick on May 1 and 9. On return pasage, one at Bittell on July 12 and an adult and juvenile there on August 17; and at Westwood, two on Auguct 8 and ono on Soptombor 12. Staffs Singles at Belvide on July 9 and Blithfield on August 2.

Black Tern A very good year throughout the Region, with notable movements on May 7/8, 16 and September 7/8. Warks In total the best passage seen this decade with at least 17 in the Kingsbury area, 96 at Draycote and 32 at Shustoke. The first record from Coton or Kingsbury was three on May 7. Seven on 16 and two on 21 were followed by singles on three dates until June 13 (two). At Draycote, first recorded on April 22 (three), then up to four until May 7 and 8 when 13 were present, with 15 on May 16 and six on 22. Other spring records were as follows: Brandon (three), Coombe (one), Earlswood (11 on May 7), Seeswood (four) and Shustoke (25 on May 7, six on May 8). Apart from singles at Kingsbury and Shustoke, return passage was confined to Draycote. A notable movement occurred there on September 7 and 8 with 30 and 48 respectively. Otherwise, singles were present on August 20, ten dates in September and finally on October 2. Worcs Up to 95 seen between April 22 and September 23. In spring, recorded at Beckford, Bittell (six on May 7), Bredon's Hardwick (six also on May 7), Larford, Upton Warren (nine on May 7), Westwood (four on May 16 and 16 on May 23) and Wilden (six on April 30). Return passage began with four at Upton Warren on June 17, whilst a party of 15 at Westwood on September 7 had increased to 23 the following day. Singles were seen at both of these localities and Bittell throughout much of the rest of September. Staffs A modest, but quite early influx after the first, at Chasewater, on April 19, 116

with nine at Belvide, six at Barton and two at Doxey all on 22. Other peaks were nine at Chasewater on May 7, with seven at Tittesworth on 8, seven at Belvide on June 13 and 15 at Blithfield next day, 10 at Belvide on September 7 with 20 at Chasewater and nine at Copmere on 8. Small numbers also noted at Chillington, Doxey, near Marston and Westport. W Mid Six at Bartley Reservoir on May 8 and at Sandwell Valley, noted on May 12 (two), 14 and 15, August 21 and 31. One at Sheepwash U.P. on May 15.

Half-monthly summated totals of Common, Arctic and Black Tarns at all localities excluding breeding Common Terns:

A M J J - A S O 12121212121212

Common 7 82 96 33 41 46 24 36 62 59 66 — 2 0 Arctic 2 104 42 6 — 1 — — 1 32 8 3 11 — Black — 38 114 64 22 4 1 — 2 7 145 6 1 — r

Little Auk Worcs One picked up in an exhausted condition at White Ladies Aston on November 21 died shortly afterwards SMW. Staffs One found on a road near Flash on February 10 was released at Tittesworth DG.

Feral Pigeon

No records of note were received from any county.

Stock Dove Warks Breeding only specifically mentioned at Coombe, Packington and Shuckborough Park, but presumably common in suitable areas. Some good docks were noted this year, especially in February and March, with 83 at Draycote, 150 at Kineton and 75 at Packington. 50 at Brandon on March 13 was the highest count there, ever. Worcs 54 pairs were recorded in the breeding season from an area including Castlemorton Common, Old Hills and Malvern. Flock counts included 40 at Throckmorton on January 9, a similar number at Larford on June 19 and 150 at Strensham on December 29. Staffs 90 feeding on stubble at Alrewas Hayes on March 13 was the largest flock reported. Flocks of up to 22 at Belvide, Branston, Essington, Hill Chorlton and Pendeford. Three flew over Westport Lake, where it is usually scarce, on November 24. W Mid Bred at Aldersley/Oxley, Fowlers Park, Sandwell Valley (six pairs) and probably at Knowle. Wood Pigeon Warks Good numbers in January with 700 at Draycote on 6, 850 near Kingsbury on 19, 1000 near Coleshill on 22 and 1000 moving south-west over 117

Kingsbury on 24. Later in the year, 750 at Alvecote on November 18 and 1000 over Shawbury on December 14. Worcs The only flocks reported were of 300 feeding under Beech trees on the Lickeys on January 24, 150 on Castlemorton Common on March 11 and 1000 at Bredon's Hardwick on December 24. Staffs 17 pairs bred at Coombes Valley, the lowest since 1980. The following flocks were reported: 1200 at Stockley Park, Anslow on January 5, 500 at Rickerscote on January 7, 180 at Pendeford on October 16, over 1000 at Blithfield on newly sown fields on November 11, 550 at Essington on November 18 and 250 at Belvide on November 25. WMid No notable records received.

Collared Dove Warks Few reports this year. A pair at Ladywalk were still building a nest on September 21, the immatures fledging in November. 60 at Arley in October and 40 at Wilnecote in November were the best flocks. Worcs Few reports received. 60 were counted at Cowsden on June 16 and 30 were at Strensham on June 27. A leucistic individual was seen at Church Lench on several dates during the summer. Staffs The largest flocks reported were 29, in trees, by the River Blithe, at Blithfield, on February 10; 300 to 400 on overhead wires at Lodge Farm, Cheslyn Hay on August 23 and 286 at Essington on August 30, with 230 on October 10. W Mid No notable records received.

Turtle Dove Average: April 25 (53) to September 24 (53) First noted on April 23 at Bittell and finally on the late date of October 14, at Radway. Warks Pairs present at Alvecote (two), Ardens Grafton (three), Arley, Astley, Bedworth, Brailes, Brandon, Combrook, Grendon, Kineton, Kingsbury (four), Radway, Shawbury and Whatcote. 50 passed over Bentley on May 15. Worcs Reported from 25 localities, with nine singing males in the Malvern district and two singing males at Castlemorton Common, Lower Moor and Wood Norton. The largest flock reported was of six at Eckington in early August. Staffs Singing birds at Aqualate, Barton, Elford, Forton, Loggerheads, Lordsley, Meaford Power Station and Norbury. Seen on passage at Belvide, Blithfield, Burntwood, Chasewater, Croxall and Essington. WMid One at Brierley Hill Pools on May 18 but remains scarce.

Cuckoo Average: April 11 (52) to September 6 (51) Noted at Kingsbury from March 28, with most arriving from mid-April. Last seen at Sheepwash U.P. on September 9. 118

Warks Poorly recorded after the first arrival dates. Records received from only ten sites. Worcs Reported from 23 well scattered localities, with 22 singing birds heard in the Malvern district. A partially rufous female was at Upton Warren between April 25 and 29. Staffs Generally a good year. Noted at 21 sites, with three broods noted at Doxey. A rufous morph individual was reported from Belvide on June 11. W Mid Possibly bred at Sandwell and Sutton Park. One's and two's reported from Bradnocks Marsh, Brierley Hill Pools, Knowle, Meriden, Netherton, Park Lime Pits and Sheepwash U.P. 119

Warks Summer records were received from Compton Verney, Kineton, Little Alne, The Somers and Walton. In winter, more frequently seen, with records from Butlers Marston, Coleshill, Ettington, Kineton, Lighthorne, Lowsonford and nadway. Worcs A pair bred in a central locality, rearing four young. Also noted in the breeding season, at Dodford, Old Hills and a site in the south of the county. Outside the breeding season, seen at Island Pool, Larford, Little Comberton, Martin Hussingtree, Norton, Upton Warren, Wickhamford and Worcester. Staffs Breeding season sightings came from Abbots Bromley, Aqualate (two pairs), Belvide, Coley Mill, Pattingham and Swynnerton. Seen outside the breeding season at Ashwood, Barlaston, Belvide, Fole and Swynnerton. Over the last few years, captive-bred birds have been released in the Whitmore, Meerbrook and Consall areas. W Mid One in the Bickenhill/Hampton-in-Arden/Meriden area in November and December, almost certainly The Somers bird. One at Sheepwash U.P. on October 27 and 28 and one over Fellows Park Football Ground, Walsall on October 12.

Little Owl Warks Summer reports from 29 sites in the north of the county, with good breeding success apparent. In the south, reported from 11 sites. Worcs Remains widespread, with records received from 39 localities. Three or four pairs again present at Abberton. Staffs Widespread in the county, being reported from 20 sites in the breeding season. Reported in winter from only Chasewater (where unusual), Little Wyrley, Park Hall and Pattingham. W Mid Common in the Berkswell/Meriden area. Bickenhill and Park Lime Pits provided the only other records.

Tawny Owl Warks Pairs bred at Alvecote, Arley, Bedworth (two), Eathorpe, Kingsbury and Packington (four). Recorded at a further seven sites in summer. Worcs Reported from 30 localities, with breeding confirmed at Abberton, Baughton Park, Chaddesley Wood, Hornhill Wood (where two nestboxes were used), Ipsley Alders, Malvern and New Mill Bridge. Staffs Widespread, with records from 24 localities. W Mid Bred in Sutton Park and in Valley Park, Wolverhampton. Recorded from a further seven sites.

Long-eared Owl Warks One at Kingsbury on February 27, one at Draycote for at least a week around September 10 and near Kineton, a roost of seven was discovered in mid-December. 120

Staffs The only breeding record was of a pair at Coombes Valley. Only one was seen at the Park Hall roost in January, but up to three there in November and December. Two at Belvide on September 9, one at Coven on September 18 and one at Branston on September 26. Up to three roosted in the Sandwell Valley from November 5 until the year's end. W Mid

Short-«ar«d Owl As in 1986 and 1987, the main influx occurred in the second winter period. The true picture in the Tame Valley is difficult to determine as birds can Warks move easily between several far flung feeding areas. Half-monthly maxima shown includes records from Coton, the north end of Kingsbury and a single record from Ladywalk on February 20:

J F M A

1 5 5 10 4 3 1 —

Elsewhere in the first winter period, up to three were at Bermuda in March and early April and at Brandon, up to two between January 12 and 23, and one on January 31 and February 15. In the second winter period, one at Coton on September 30 and one at Ladywalk on October 14 were the only Tame Valley records. Two were at Brandon on November 20 with singles there on 29 and 30, one at Draycote between November 19 and December 26, with two on December 24 and one in the Chadshunt, Compton Verney and Lighthorne area between November 4 and December 17. Worcs One at Westwood on January 3. In autumn, one at Upton Warren from October 22 to 24. Three were at Throckmorton on November 26, with two birds still present on 29. Further singles were reported from Bredon's Hardwick on December 4 and both the Salwarpe Valley and Spetchley on December 7. Staffs No breeding records received but a good year for wintering birds. Noted during the first winter period at Doxey, where two or three were present from February 2 to April 4, Swallow Moss on April 4 and Goldsitch Moss on April 24. Autumn records, with long staying birds, came from Cuckoo Bank, where up to five were present from September to the year's end and Berry Hill, where six were seen regularly between September and December 31, with an incredible eight on October 25. Singles were noted at Doxey and Elford on October 13 and Chasewater on 22, with four at Swallow Moss on 30. Two at Boarsgrove on November 13 and one on the same day at Park Hall. Singles at Doxey on November 17 and December 12 and Belvide on 27. W Mid One's and two's in the Sandwell Valley from October 20 until the year's end. One flying over Kingstanding towards Sutton Park on October 28. Three, possibly four, in the Meriden area throughout December. 121

Nightjar Average: May 16 (48) to August 22 (35) Noted in the Sherbrook Valley from May 27 to August 17; last seen at Beaudesert in early September. Warks One seen at Binton on May 23 was the first in the county since 1970 RFEB. Staffs 12 churring birds in the Sherbrook Valley area and one near Wandon Cross. One reported from Beaudesert in early September. Absent again from the Kinver area.

Swift Average: April23 (54) to September24 (54) First noted, early, at Sandwell Valley and Sheepwash U.P. on April 18, with a steady passage during May. Departed early with the last seen at Alrewas and Kineton on September 9. Slightly better numbers than last year, but breeding success appears to have been erratic. , Warks Numbers were poor except in the Tame Valley. Shustoke regularly attracted high numbers, usually after and during heavy rain showers. Best gatherings were in May, with 1000 regularly and 1200 on 25. In July, Coton had 600 on 9 and Shustoke 1000 on 28. Worcs Records from 15 sites included 200 in Happy Valley on May 13, 300 at Westwood on June 8 and 200 feeding on flying ants over Barnards Green on August 6. Staffs A steady spring passage. Notable counts were 500 at Barton and 1000 at Belvide on June 3; 1000 at Belvide and 2000 at Blithfield on July 24; and 500 at Doxey on July 29. WMid Up to 200 at Sandwell Valley in May, June and July and 150 at Sheepwash U.P. in May. An aberrant bird occurred at Sandwell during the summer, showing extensive white outer tail feathers.

Alpine Swift WMid An adult male was found in an exhausted condition in an outbuilding at a working quarry in Rowley Regis, on March 16. It was taken to RSPB Sandwell, where after a suitable period of recuperation, it was flown to Faro, Portugal by British Airways on March 20. Unfortunately it was found to be moribund on arrival. This constitutes a first record for the West Midland County and only the second record for the Region perRNN.

Kingfisher Warks Breeding and summer records received from Alvecote, Barton, Bidford, Brandon, Butlers Marston, Compton Verney, Earlswood, Kineton, Kingsbury, Ladywalk, Shustoke, Stoneleigh, Whitacre Heath and Wormleighton. Worcs Reported from 33 sites, with breeding season records from Birlingham, Bredon's Hardwick, Defford, Fladbury, Grimley, Hillditch Coppice, Hinton- on-the-Green, Holt Fleet, Lower Moor, Offenham, Pershore, Stourport, 122

Strensham, Upton Warren, Westwood and the River Avon at Welford. Breeding confirmed at six of those sites. Staffs Breeding season records came from Aqualate, Barlaston (two), Barton, Belvide, Blithfield, Coombes Valley, Elford, Fazeley canal, Knypersley, Mill Green, Rudyard (three), Stone, Tittesworth and Westport. Also noted at a further eight sites. W Mid Bred in Sutton Park and at Walsall Arboretum with records from a further ten sites.

HOopoe

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 15 6 10 7 7

Staffs A well watched bird at Park Hall from October 30 to November 12 WJL, NC, BDC.

Wryneck Both birds occurred during spells of south-easterly winds.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No Of birds 5 8 12 4 13

Worcs One at Radford on May 14 per SMW and one on Castlemorton Common on September 9 MW. 123

Green Woodpecker Warks Probably no change in status. In total, recorded at 27 sites in summer. In the south of the county, there were 118 recorded sightings compared to 93 for Great Spotted Woodpockcr BOS. Worcs Reported from 50 widely distributed sites. Breeding season count of 29 from the Malverns. Staffs Noted during the breeding season at Aqualate, Anslow, Biddulph's Pool, Cannock Chase (at least three pairs), Chasewater, Chillington, Coorribes Valley, Elford, Little Wyrley, Lordsley, Middle Mayfield (a pair in alder), Newlands, Weeford and Westport (where rare). Also reported from 11 other sites. WMid Bred in Sandwell Valley and Sutton Park, with records from a further ten sites.

Great Spotted Woodpecker Warks Most records received from previously unrecorded areas. Noted at 22 sites in the breeding season. Worcs Reported from 39 localities. Breeding season count of 15 from the Malverns. Staffs Widespread, being recorded at 24 localities. WMid At least three pairs in both Sandwell Valley and in Sutton Park, with records from a further 12 sites.

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Warks Summer reports from Arbury, Coleshill, Edge Hill, Farnborough, Kineton, Lighthorne, Packington (four pairs), Radway, Ryton Wood, Shawbury, The Somers, Stoney Thorpe Hall and Sych Wood. Worcs Recorded at 30 sites, with breeding season reports from Birlingham, Eckington, Nafford, Westwood and the Wyre Forest. Staffs Records received from 13 localities only. WMid No confirmed breeding records. Autumn/winter records from an Erdington garden, Plants Brook, Sandwell Valley (a male feeding on reed . mace heads and first record since 1985) and Willenhall Memorial Park (only the second record there).

Skylark Warks Small breeding numbers reported from Alvecote, Packington and The Somers (four pairs). Generally considered to be far scarcer now, than say, ten years ago. Maxima of 200 at Kineton on January 23 and 60 at Kinwalsey on November 10. Worcs There were 54 singing birds on the Malverns in the breeding season. Largest numbers reported in the first winter period were 50 at The Kingsway, North Stourport on January 20 and 151 at Holt on January 23. Smaller flocks reported in the second winter period with 70 at Holt on December 26 being the largest. 124

Staffs Two pairs bred on the Doxey CBC plot. Flocks reported were 30 at Longsdon Mill Pond on March 14, 4b put up by a Sparrowhawk at Chasewater on October 29, 45 at Belvide on November 4, and 50 on stubble at Madeley on November 7. W Mid Breeding records came from Dunstall Park, Wolverhampton (two pairs), Queslett Nature Park (one pair) and Sandwell Valley (1,0-12 pairs), with probable breeding on wasteground at Monkspath where birds were observed carrying food in June and July. Singing birds were also reported from Copt Heath Golf Course, and the north-east side of Sutton Park (five- seven). Autumn movements included 16 over Meriden on October 19 and 20, 21 in a field at Aldridge on November 20 and 17 at Valley Park, Wolverhampton on November 27. No large scale autumn movements over North Birmingham noted compared to a peak of 100 per hour some thirty years ago JEF.

Sand Martin 125

Average: March 23 (53) to October 9 (53) First noted on March 21 at Kingsbury and finally seen on October 2 at Bredon's Hardwick. Warks A slight increase evident but breeding success again poor. Thought not to have bred successfully along the River Tame at Kingsbury. Six pairs bred at The Somers. Maxima of 70 at Draycote, 120 at Kingsbury and 100 at Shustoke were all in April. 100 at The Somers on July 29 no doubt came from the nearby colony at Cornet's End. Worcs Breeding was very successful at Beckford where 265 pairs nested and 521 birds were ringed. At Bredon's Hardwick, 27 pairs nested but only eight pairs successfully reared young. At Grimley, 190 nesting holes were counted, at Lower Moor 47 pairs attempted nesting, but were reduced to 11 pairs by bank collapse and re-excavation and at Powick Bridge 13 pairs bred. Away from breeding sites, 120 were noted at Larford on April 18,130 at Wilden on April 23 and at Westwood, 120 on April 29 and 200 on July 29. Staffs Nesting pairs recorded at Barton (158), Croxden (27) and Elford (350). The only spring count was 180 at Chasewater on April 18; on return, 100 at Doxey on August 19 and 300 at Blithfield on September 25. WMid Better breeding numbers at Cornet's End, Meriden, but no counts. Small numbers passed through the Sandwell Valley in spring, with a maximum of 12 on April 25. No autumn records received.

Swallow A verage: April 1 (54) to November 3 (54) First noted on the early date of March 21 at Westwood. Most had gone by October 20 with the final records noted on November 7 at Barlaston and Kingsbury. The count at Doxey is one of the largest ever recorded in the Region. Warks The maximum in spring was 400 at Draycote on April 28. In autumn, few records were received but 1000 at Brandon on September 6 and 300 at Shustoke on September 12 were by far the best counts. The leucistic bird, seen last year on August 23 at Lea Marston, was seen again, at Middleton, on September 11 ARD. Worcs Spring maximum of 90 at Westwood on April 29. Roosting noted at Westwood, with 400 birds on August 25 and at Upton Warren with 500 birds on August 28 and 300 on August 31. Staffs 400 at Blithfield on April 22 and 150 at Belvide on the following day, were notable. Large autumn counts were made with 2000 at Betley in mid- August, 6000 at Doxey on August 22, which built up to an estimated 30000 on August 30 and 31, and 13000 at Ford Green on September 12. WMid A minimum of six pairs bred in the Sandwell Valley, with at least two pairs breeding in Valley Park, Wolverhampton. Elsewhere, young birds were noted being fed by adults on Aldridge Golf Course and in Dunstall Park, Wolverhampton. The only spring count of note was 45-50 at Sandwell Valley on April 27. No autumn counts received. 126

House Martin Average: April 8 (54) to November 1 (54) Arrived early, on March 31, at Belvide, but spring counts generally low and passage was slow. Return passage counts better than 1986, however. Last record was at Powick on October 26. Warks Larger return passage numbers recorded than last year. 300 at Kingsbury on August 21 and the same number at Bodymoor Heath on September 5. At Draycote, 400 on September 17 and 500 on 23 and at Shustoke 500 on September 12. Worcs Bred at Croome Court, 25 nests, and at Old Hills, Hollybed Common, and West Malvern, with a total of 29 nests. Largest spring concentration was of 30 birds at Westwood on April 30. Return passage saw 300 at Larford on September 8, 200 at Lower Moor, Raggedstone Hill and Sugar Loaf on September 18, 200 at North Malvern Quarry on September 27 and 400 at North Hill on October 2. Staffs Very few breeding records received. At Hanchurch Water Tower 27 nests were occupied, an increase on last year. Spring counts were down on 1987, with a much more protracted arrival period. Counts of note were 250 at Mill Green on August 1 and over 1000 at Doxey on August 22. W Mid No major breeding colonies reported and the only spring count of note was at Sandwell Valley (50 on May 5). In summer, good numbers were noted at Lye Sewage Plant (150 on July 17), Brades Village Treatment Works (175 on July 23), Fox Hollies Park, Acocks Green (60 in July) and the Farndale Estate, Wolverhampton (up to 100). Autumn concentrations included 200 in early September in the Sandwell Valley and 100 at Plantsbrook Reservoirs on September 17.

Tree Pipit Average: April 7 (51) to September 20 (49) Noted early, on Cannock Chase from March 20. Most had arrived by April 10. Finally noted, at Sandwell Valley, on September 18. Warks Probably bred at Baddesley, Bentley, Grendon, Kineton (six), and Oldbury. A small passage was noted over Kenilworth between August 22 and 25. Worcs Breeding season count from the Malverns of 70 singing birds, six higher than 1987 and 17 higher than 1986. Elsewhere, singing birds were noted at Church Lench, Greenhill, Hartlebury Common, Hunthouse Wood, Knowles Coppice, Lickey, Little Comberton and Offenham. Passage birds noted at Arrow Valley, Bittell, Evesham, Upton Warren, Westwood and Wolverley. Staffs Singing males at Beaudesert (four), Blackbrook, Coombes Valley (eight), Hanchurch, Knotbury and Trentham Park. Seen on passage at Barlaston, Belvide, Chasewater, Highgate, Lordsley, Park Hall, Tittesworth and Westport. WMid Two singing in Sutton Park. Spring passage commenced at Sandwell 127 128

Above: Hoopoe photographed at Park Hall Country Park, Staffs by P Ward; below: Whinchat photographed at Castlemorton Common, Worcs by E Harvey. 129

Valley, with two on April 11 and singles daily until April 23, when four, with singles at Turners Hill Golf Course on April 19 and Willenhall Memorial Park on April 23. The only autumn records came from Sandwell Valley, where a good series of records began on August 18, with one or two recorded on most days until September 18 and a maximum of seven on August 27.

Meadow Pipit Warks Summer records from Compton Verney, Kineton and Kingsbury. Maxima of 80 at Brandon on October 14 and 100 at Coton on October 9. Otherwise, between 30 and 50 reported from Bedworth, Corley Moor, Draycote, Kingsbury and Wood End. Worcs The breeding season count on the Malverns was 81 singing birds, 23 on the commons and 58 on the hills (compared to 35 on the hills in 1987). Also bred on Bredon Hill, at Hartlebury Common and at Holt. On passage, 60 at Eckington on February 27, 70 at Bredon's Hardwick and 100 on North Hill, both on March 27. In autumn up to 55 at Bredon's Hardwick on September 18 and 95 flew south over Bittell, in one and a half hours, on September 25. Staffs Three pairs bred at Wilnecote and four pairs on the Doxey CBC plot. In spring, flocks of 80 at Belvide on March 27 and 130 on April 4 and over 100 at Tittesworth on April 15. In autumn, 250 followed a tractor near Creswell Grove, Stafford on September 21, 97 flew south over Westport on September 25 and 40 were disturbed from a roost by a probable Hen Harrier, in Sherbrook Valley, on October 10. W Mid Bred at Sheepwash U.P. (two pairs) and probably at Sandwell Valley (one pair). Additionally, song reported from Queslett Nature Park and the north-east side of Sutton Park. In spring, 70 in the Sandwell Valley on March 31, increasing to around 100 on April 11. In autumn, 50 at Sheepwash U P. on September 22, 150 at Dunstall Park on September 29 and several large parties passed through Sutton Park in September. Over 100 present in Sandwell Valley by October 10 whilst 25 were feeding in fields at Monkspath on December 31.

Rock Pipit Annual totals vary, this being a reasonable year. The five-yearly total is more consistent, after a bumper year in 1981.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 18 90 94 119 91

Warks At Draycote, one on March 23, one from October 2 to 16 and a different bird from 19 to 28 Worcs A single at Larford on September 25 may have been the same one at Upton Warren on 26. Staffs Two at Blithfield from January 5 to 26 and singles on March 5 and 13. One 130

at Westporl on April 23 and 24. Singles at Belvide on September 30 and October 15 to 16, Chasewatcr on October 3 and 14 and at Westport on October 5 and 21. Two at Blithfield on October 10 remained to the year's end. WMid Singles at Fens Pools on October 1 (a first record for the locality), Sandwell Valley on October 2 until October 24 (with two present from October 4 to 7) and at Sheepwash U P from October 15 to 21.

Water Pipit Flve-yeariy totals continue to increase, due partly to more regular wintering, although 1988 was a poor year.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds - 38 51 67 81

Warks The bird at Coton at the end of 1987 remained there until March 26 JAA, ARD, REH. Worcs One at Wilden on January 21 and 24 and another there November 11 and 13 PGG, SMW. One at Upton Warren on March 27 AFJ.

Yellow Wagtail Average: April 2 (52) to October 11 (52) First seen on April 1, at Sandwell Valley and recorded, finally, at Draycote on October 8. Notable passage in mid-April and mid-to-late August. Warks Bred at Alvecote, Astley, Bedworth, Dordon, Polesworth and The Somers. More large flocks were reported this year. Spring maxima were 160 at Draycote on April 22 and 100 around Kingsbury the next day. In autumn, 100 at Draycote on September 7 and 88 at Kineton on August 13. A leucistic bird was present at Draycote on September 10. Worcs Bred at Aston Mill, Badsey, Beckford, Birlingham, Bredon's Hardwick, Bretforton, Holt, Little Comberton, Offenham and possibly Lower Moor and Powick. On passage, up to 32 seen at Bredon's Hardwick on April 16, and 51 at Larford on April 23. In the autumn, there was a steady passage at Bredon's Hardwick, with a maximum of 25 there on September 5. Staffs The only breeding record was from Kings Bromley. Sizable passage numbers were 100 at Barton on April 16, 50 at Blithfield on August 21 and 60 at Barton on September 2. WMid No confirmed breeding records this year, but pairs seen at Berkswell and Cornet's End and family parties noted at Sheepwash U.P. from July 3 onwards. Good spring passage at Sandwell Valley, peaking at 50 on April 26, a locality record count, with other records from Barr Beacon, Knowle Locks and the West Bromwich Albion training ground, Smethwick. Return passage started at Sandwell Valley in the latter half of July, with a maximum of 40 on August 14,12 were at Sheepwash U.P. on August 17 and 11 were feeding with Pied Wagtails in Dunstall Park on September 28. 131

Birds showing characteristics of the 'blue-headed' races were recorded as follows: Warks One at Brandon on April 23 BMCG, one at The Somers on April 18,22 TW and 26 (two) TW. NPB. One at Praycote on September 13 A/PS and 21 PDH. Worcs A male at Bredon's Hardwick on April 30 and May 1 SJH, SMW.

Grey Wagtail Warks Few records in summer but quite widespread in winter. Bred successfully at Earlswood and attempted to breed three times at Seeswood, with each nest failing due to egg collectors. Also seen in summer at Arley, Nuneaton and Sutton-under-Brailes. Noted at a further 14 sites in winter. Worcs Bred on Dowles Brook and at Frankley and seen outside the breeding season at 24 other localities. Staffs Breeding season records came from 16 sites, including two pairs at Coombes Valley and one pair on the Doxey CBC plot. Also reported from 17 other localities, with a maximum of six at Belvide in October and November. WMid Definite breeding records were received from Oldbury and Sandwell Valley (one or two pairs) and possibly bred at Belle Vale/Lutley Gutter. Also seen in summer at Bartley and Sheepwash U.P. Winter records were received from 18 sites with a maximum of six, at Valley Park, Wolverhampton in January and Sandwell Valley in October. One or two of these records came from gardens and a pair at Rounds Green School in Oldbury were seen pecking at car mirrors for several weeks in October and November per RCB.

Pied Wagtail Warks Bred at Alvecote (two), Corley, Packington, Shustoke and The Somers (two). Few large flocks reported, the best roosting numbers being 400 at Brandon on October 10 and 110 at Judkins Quarry in November. Worcs Bred at Bewdley, Fladbury, The Gullet and Lower Moor. Largest concentrations were 70 at Castlemorton Common on September 29, 60 at Charfordon October 12,120 at Upton Warren on October 24 and 150 at Holt on November 2. Staffs The only spring count was 27 at Tittesworth on April 15. In summer and autumn, 20 at Belvide on July 13 and 44 in Blithe Bay, Blithfield on August 23,140 roosted at Chasewater on September 10,27 at Westport on October 6 and 270 roosted at Doxey on October 7, the highest number for several years. WMid Bred at Aldridge Golf Course, Knowle, in a partially completed Gallagher - home in Monkspath (at least one youngster was fledged, and the house was later sold for £175,0001), Sandwell Valley (at least three pairs), Stubbers Green and close to Wolverhampton city centre. Peak counts in the first winter period consisted of 100 at Ray Hall Sewage Works, Sandwell Valley in mid-January, 50 on playing fields near Valley Park on 132

February 3 and 80 on a car park in Oldbury on March 2. In autumn, large numbers were noted feeding on Dunstall Park, with a peak of 200 on September 28, 186 roosted at Sheepwash U.P. on October 16 rising to 412 on October 27 which gradually dwindled to 50 by November 11 (apparently numbers were lower at this roost than in previous years).

White Wagtail Warks Singles were first recorded at Draycote, on March 26 and 27 and at Coton on April 4 and 11. Larger numbers were seen from April 17, when 20 were at Coton, with 22 there on 24 and 10 on May 2. Numbers at Draycote peaked at 14 on April 23, with eight on April 30. Up to three were seen at Brandon, The Somers and Wasperton. More unusual, or just overlooked, were adults on return passage, at Draycote on September 18 PDH and 25 GIG. Worcs Another good spring passage commenced with one at Stamford Court on April 4, followed by one on Castlemorton Common on April 6. At Larford, noted between April 9 and 28, with a maximum of five on April 23. At Bredon's Hardwick, first seen on April 10, rising to 10 on April 16, with the last there on May 1. At Upton Warren, up to two were seen between April 14 and 29. Four were at Strensham on April 30 and one at Beckford on April 17. One or two were at Westwood on April 17 and 19 and, finally one at Worcester on May 11. • Staffs Only reported from five localities but in good numbers. Eight at Belvide on April 24, three at Blithfield on April 22, 18 at Barton on April 17, three at Chasewater on April 22, two at Elford on April 23 and three at Kingswood on April 24. W Mid First noted at Sheepwash U.P. on April 2 with others recorded on a further five dates until April 27. Singles also reported from Compton, Wolverhampton on April 17 and on playing fields at Wightwick, Valley Park on May 13. In the Sandwell Valley, one or two birds were present on most days from April 11 to 27, with a maximum of 12 on April 23. Only one autumn record, an adult at Fens Pools on August 18.

Waxwing An excellent series of records, following a large influx onto the east coast from the end of November. Although not as impressive as the 1965 influx (c.350 in WMBC area), better than the 1970 and 1974 influxes. Warks Observers in the area for the Dotterel chanced upon four at Wellesbourne on December 30 and 31 GJM, MS, SMW. Worcs Two in Redditch between December 11 and 13 DD, SMWetal. Staffs One at Whittington on November 3 FS. Eight at Hednesford on November 24 JWand seven well-watched birds on Cannock Chase from December 1 to 5 FCG were probably part of the Hednesford flock. Six at Alrewas on December 7 per JCE-D, one at Belvide on December 8 IL, three at Branston on December 17 JRC and one at Newcastle on December 24 WJL. 133

W Mid Two at Sheepwash U.P. on December 9 GW, TE, 45 were at Monkspath on December 12 7Wreducing to 18 until the year end JHS. One in a garden at Handsworth Wood on February 26 SH.

1987 Addendum Staffs Three were at Lichfield on February 24 JCE-D.

Dipper

Worcs Noted throughout the year on Dowles Brook where three pairs bred. Elsewhere, noted on the River Teme at Eastham on February 7 and at 11 ley Brook on May 14. Also seen on the at Trimpley during the year. Staffs Breeding season records from Blake Brook, Coombes Valley (two pairs), Danebridge and Flash. Seen outside the breeding season at Hulme End, Oakamoor, Tittesworth and Wombourne (two).

Wren Increased numbers due to mild weather. Warks Three breeding pairs at Alvecote, four at Church Pool Covert and five at Sych Wood. At Packington, 21 pairs were present in 35 acres of mixed woodland. Worcs A good year for this species in the Malvern area: the breeding season count produced 152 singing males (1987: 107) on the hills and commons. Staffs Increases reported from most census plots as a result of the mild winter. 89 pairs bred at Coombes Valley, the highest total since 1980. Eight pairs bred on the Doxey CBC plot (1987: 7) and 14 territories held at Hem Heath (1987: 12). 134

W Mid Good numbers reported from a number of localities, with 33 singing birds reported from the Dunstall Park/Valley Park areas ot Wolverhampton.

Dunnock Warks Seven pairs at Alvecote; a slight increase on 1986. Worcs Breeding season count from the Malverns of 47 singing males on the hills and commons. Staffs Twelve territories found at Belvide and six pairs bred on Doxey CBC plot (1987: 8). One pair was parasitized by a Cuckoo. WMid Breeding reported from Coundon Court School (two to three pairs), Handsworth Wood, Sandwell Valley (a minimum of 49 singing males), Sutton Park and Valley Park (where a count on March 27 produced 59 birds, which is apparently only a small percentage of local totals!).

Robin Warks At Arley, one sang regularly between 12 midnight and 0100 hrs. in early January. Also at Arley, one was often present in autumn, taking young newts from a garden pond! Worcs 133 singing males on the Malvern hills and commons (1987: 100). Staffs Numbers on census plots remained the same as in 1987 with two pairs at Doxey and nine pairs at Hem Heath. W Mid Bred in the Sandwell Valley (56 singing birds) and Valley Park (47 counted on March 27). Maximum of 13 at Willenhall Memorial Park on February 2.

Nightingale Average: April 19 (54) to August 6 (14) Noted at Pirton on April 20 and Belvide on April 24 and at breeding sites by mid-May. Warks Singing males in possible breeding areas noted at Binton, Butlers Marston, Chesterton, Combrook, Compton Verney (three), Kineton (four) and Wellesbourne (at least six). One at Brandon between May 16 and June 18 was the first record there since 1983 and one at Ladywalk on May 7 was the first record there. One returned to gardens at Lillington for the second year running, singing from April 24 to May 2 and from May 19 to 23. Worcs Singing males reported from Lulsley, Pirton Pool, Trench Wood (seven) and Weyman's Wood. A pair on Cleeve Hill on June 21. Staffs One at Belvide on April 24 was a first for that locality.

Bluethroat This is only the fourth Regional record this century and the first for Staffs. As usual, it coincided with a fall on the east coast, particularly in the northern isles. Staffs A singing male at Knotbury on May 17 DG, FCG etal. The bird was roughly robin-sized but slightly thinner. The overall colour of the back and nape was dark brown and rather plain. The breast was mainly a rich blue, edged black with rufous 135

outer edge along the bottom of the breast. The central area of the breast was red. A pale eyestripe was visible, as was some reddish colouring at the base of the tail when the bird flew. The song was sometimes scratchy, recalling Sedge Warbler but containing phrases similar to Nightingale and Robin.

Black Redstart Warks Singles at Draycote on April 28 REH, Kineton on October 16 BOS and Wixford on November 4 NPB. Worcs One at Upton Warren on September 20 per SMW. One at Worcester on October 22, with two there on October 23 and 24 SMW. Singles at Queenshill on November 22 SMW and November 27 BD and at Throckmorton rubbish tip on November 27 SMW, GHP, PFS. Staffs A female at Essington on April 11 ADB, JJH, RKS, and a singing male at Yarnf ield on May 5 PCF. In Hanley, a first summer male sang from May 2 to June 17 BDC, AS et al and two juveniles were seen on June 17. A pair at Meaford Power Station from May 7 MF, RSL, PCF, successfully raised two broods, last seen on July 23 MF. Possibly another male was seen there on October 6 MF. A male and a newly fledged juvenile were seen inside the tipping hall at Stoke's Incinerator on June 28 WJL. Lastly a female or immature at Westport on the disused Sewage Works from November 5 to 10 WJL, NC, BDC. WMid Pairs bred successfully at Snow Hill Station (raising three broods) JRW, Rocky Lane, Aston (raising two broods) TCH, PAF, BL, Floodgate Street, Deritend (a pair watched feeding young in the back garden of the Cannonball Public House!) TCH, RMN, Ocker Hill Power Station, Wednesbury (a first clutch was lost, possibly due to egg thieves per EGP, with three young raised from second clutch) MDJ, Deepfields, Coseley (raising one brood) MDJ and Rabane Lane, Smethwick TCH. Elsewhere, possible breeding occurred at Charlotte Street PC and Branhouse Passage PC, HSO, both in Birmingham City Centre. Singing males were present at Cliveland Street, Birmingham City Centre from May 23 to June 10 PMH, at a foundry near Autobase, Tividale on May 29 GW and from Albright and Wilson Chemical Works, Oldbury from June 12 until at least July 8 GW. A female/immature male wintered at Rocky Lane, Aston, being present from December 1 into 1989 BL.

WMid 1987 Addendum A male was noted singing on Savacentre Petrol Station, Oldbury on May 7 AN, another male was observed in a garden at Netherton, Dudley on May 26 SCH, and a bird was singing In Wainwright Street, Aston on June 25 RRH. An immature was present at Fens Pools on October 25 BJC.

Redstart A verage; April 10 (52) to September 23 (51) First seen on April 12 at Oakley. Seen at Doxey on October 9, with an exceptional record from Blithfield on November 4. 136

Warks It appears that the species no longer breeds in the county and only seen at two sites on passage. At Shustoke one on April 17 and at Brandon, three on 23, two on 24 and one on August 28. Worcs Singing males noted at Bredon Hill (six), Clent, Devils Spittleful, Dowles Brook (four), Hunthouse Wood and along the Malvern Hills where there were 20, compared with 26 in 1987 and 31 in 1986. Passage birds noted at 17 localities, with three males at Bredon's Hardwick on September 4. Staffs Singing males at Brocton (six), Coombes Valley (37), Deep Hayes, Gun Hill, Hanchurch, Hawksmoor Wood, Manifold Valley, Mayfield (four), a site in aouth-west Staffs, Swallow Moss (two) and Three Shire Head (two). Noted on passage at 11 sites. W Mid Sadly no breeding records received this year, although a bird was heard in song in Sutton Park on May 12 (a former breeding area). Spring birds were noted at Fens Pools (three-four between April 16 and 29), Sandwell Valley (four birds between April 23 and 27), and Dunstall Park, Wolverhampton on April 28. An early autumn passage commenced on July 4, with one in Smethwick and two in the Sandwell Valley and there, one to two birds occurred daily from August 13 to September 29, with a peak of five birds on August 16. Elsewhere, during August, four individuals at Sheepwash U.P. (two on 7), two in Sutton Park (on 23) and singles in Smethwick and Fens Pools.

Corrigendum 1987 Warks Only one was ringed at Eathorpe on April 22, not four as stated.

Whinchat Average: April 23 (52) to October 5 (48) Seen at Abberton from April 14, with an influx in the Region on April 23. Last seen on October 14, at Draycote. Warks Bred at Ladywalk and possibly at Radway and Wasperton. Spring records from Bedworth (two), Brandon, Draycote, Kineton, Kingsbury (five), Lighthorne and Witherley. Autumn records from Compton Verney (three), Coton, Draycote, Lighthorne, Seeswood and Whittleford Park. Worcs Passage birds noted at Abberton, Bittell, Bredon's Hardwick, Bredon Hill, Broome, Castlemorton (maximum of 20 on September 8), Doverdale, Eckington, Grimley, Hollybed Common, Holt, Larford, Temeside Way Worcester, Throckmorton, Upton Warren and Worcestershire Beacon. Staffs Five pairs on the moors and two pairs on Cannock Chase. Seen on passage at 11 localities, with notable counts of eight at Chasewater on April 23 and five at Blithfield on the following day. W Mid A recently fledged bird in Sutton Park on July 21 was the only evidence of breeding in the county. On spring passage, noted at Fens Pools, Netherton (two on May 1), Russells Hall Hospital grounds, Sandwell Valley, Sheepwash U.P. (maximum of two on May 11 and 14), Alumwell School Field, Walsall and a pair noted on wasteland at Wolverhampton in early 137

May. Autumn passage began on August 3, with a single in the Sandwell Valley and one or two on most days until late September (maximum of five on September 25); also reported from Queslett N.P., Park Lime Pits (four birds between September 18 and 21), Sheepwash U.P. (a maximum of three on September 3), Sutton Park (eight birds on September 6) and Valley Park, Wolverhampton (singles on three dates). There was an unusual report of a bird landing briefly in a Kingstanding garden on September 9 JEF.

Stonechat A good year throughout most of the Region, with the mild weather encouraging overwintering. Warks The pair at Lea Marston in 1987 remained until March 5, a female was seen there on October 5 and a male intermittently in December. A male was at Ladywalk on October 26 and a female at Draycote on November 15. Worcs A very good year. Overwintering females on Castlemorton Common and Hollybed Common in January and February, the female at Holt remained until January 23 and a pair were above Little Malvern on January 24. In spring, singles at Ashton-under-Hill on March 8 and Upton Warren on March 28. In autumn, a juvenile at Broome on August 13 and female/ immatures at Upton Warren on September 21 and at Powick Hams on September 26 and 27. A pair were using both Castlemorton and Hollybed Commons from October 5 to the end of the year. Three at British Camp on October 2, a male at Wythall on October 25, and up to three birds at North Hill from October 30 until the year's end. A male stayed at Abberton from October 31 to November 6 and another was at Bredon's Hardwick on November 27. r Staffs Two pairs, possibly three, bred on Cannock Chase. Wintering records of single females at Berry Hill on January 9 and February 20, Mill Green from January 25 to February 23 and at Croxall on March 13. In spring, a male at Chasewater on April 2 and 17. In autumn and the second winter period, a female at Blithfield on September 18, a juvenile at Tittesworth on October 15 and on the same day, a male and female at Berry Hill; a pair were at Mill Green on October 31 and a female on December 1. At Doxey, a pair on December 18 to the year's end and a pair at Catholme on December 27. W Mid First winter records came from Sandwell Valley, with one from January 1 to March 14 (joined by a second from March 11 to 14), and again on March 27 and April 4, with another at Dunstall Park, Wolverhampton on March 8. Autumn records came from Sutton Park (four dates from September 6), Sandwell Valley (September 25 to 29, two on October 19 and one on November 2), Park Lime Pits (one from October 5 to 10), and at Tividale a maximum of six from October 19 to November 6 and a pair from then to the end of the year. A male was on Netherton Hill on November 9. 138

Whealear Average: March 20 (SI) to October 14 (52) First noted on March 20, at Castlemorton and Sandwell. Most had left by mid-October, with the last on the late date of November 6, on the Malverns. Noticeable peak either side of April 20. Warks Recorded at 13 sites in spring, with maxima of six at Coleshill and Coton, 11 at D raycote on Apri I 28 and six at The Somers. On return passage, seen at 15 sites. Maxima of six at Compton Verney and seven at The Somers. Worcs On spring passage noted at 11 localities from March 20 to May 30, with a maxima of seven at Throckmorton on April 24. Early returning juveniles at Worcestershire Beacon, on July 17 (two) and at Holt on August 2 (two). A strong autumn passage occurred on the Malvern Hills, peaking at 10 on Worcestershire Beacon on August 7. Six were also at British Camp on August 11, with smaller numbers through September and October and finally two on North Hill on November 2 and one at The Wyche on November 6. Elsewhere, smaller numbers at 11 other sites, with a maximum of five at Bredon's Hardwick on August 19. Staffs Up to 12 pairs bred on the moors (1987: 9). Noted on passage at 17 sites, with 13 at Berry Hill and 12 at Chasewater on April 23. W Mid A good series of spring records began with an early bird in the Sandwell Valley on March 20 (with a peak of 27 on April 19) with other records from Sedgley Beacon, Sheepwash U.P. (10 on April 22), Sutton Park (three on March 22), Alumwell field, Walsall (six on April 22) and Dunstall Park, Wolverhampton (peaking at nine on April 9). On return passage noted from July 26 at Sheepwash U.P. and Sutton Park (both juveniles), with further records from Fens Pools, Sandwell Valley and on wasteland at Wolverhampton.

Birds showing characteristics of the Greenland race o.o leucorrhoa were noted as follows: Warks One at Whitacre Heath on April 29. Worcs One on North Hill on April 19.

Ring Ouzel Average: March 31 (32) to October 21 (26) Noted at Knotsbury and North Hill from March 27. Last seen at Happy Valley on November 3. Warks Singles at Kingsbury on April 22 and at Oldbury on 25. Worcs Spring passage through the Happy Valley/North Hill area of the Malvern Hills began with one on March 27. Small numbers followed in early April and peaked at 13 on April 14, with the last two on April 26. Elsewhere, singles occurred at Bredon's Hardwick on April 9, Wilden on April 14 and Bittell on April 27, with four on Walton Hill on April 10. On autumn passage, recorded in Happy Valley from September 16 until November 3, with a peak of seven on September 19. A male was atSwinyard Hill on October 22 and another at Larford the next day. 139

Staffs Probably seven breeding pairs on the moors. Seen on passage near Essington trom April 24 to 30 (five), Chasewater on April 17 (two) and at Hendesford on October 13. WMid A female was on Turners Hill on April 3 and 4, with a male beside the Birmingham Canal, Dunstall Park on April 11 (second locality record). At Sheepwash U.P. singles on April 18, 19, 26 to 30 and on May 6. In the Sandwell Valley, two females and a male on April 18, with six to nine on April 23. Autumn records consisted of a juvenile in Sutton Park on September 6, singles in Sandwell Valley on September 25 and October 1 and on rowan berries in Green Lane, Moseley on October 11.

1987 Addendum

WMid A report of an exceptionally early male in Smethwick on March 4.

Blackbird Warks 10 pairs bred at Alvecote. At Stratford, a juvenile was being led by both parents at 2000 hours on January 24; the birds taking advantage of the very mild winter and the floodlighting available near the Shakespeare Theatre. Large numbers roosted at Coombe in the first winter period and in a Lillington garden, 20 different birds were ringed from mid-November to December. Worcs The breeding season count from the hills and commons of the Malverns gave a total of 126 territories (1987: 103). Staffs 21 pairs bred on Doxey CBC plot (1987: 22). 69 were counted at Belvide on March 2 and over 80 at Doxey on October 30. WMid Five to six pairs bred at Coundon Court School, with 30 to 40 pairs on Coundon Wedge. A count of 314 was made along Valley Park on January 17, with 200 to 300 on Coundon Wedge on February 17. Small autumn influxes noted in the Sandwell Valley. Fieldfare Average: October 1 (53) to May 1 (52) Last noted on May 2 at Devitts Green. First seen at Mill Green on September 19, with an influx from mid-October. As usual, better numbers in the first winter period. Warks High numbers present in January with 1000 at Draycote on 6,1000 at Coton on 10 and 1500 at Wormleighton on 24. 2000 at North End on February 9 was the highest number in this period and following this, most reports concerned flocks of 150 to 250 birds which remained in the county until mid-April. 38 at Devitts Green on May 2 were late and there was a leucistic bird present there on April 12 SMH. There were fewer records in the second period. 600 at Dordon, 700 at Maxstoke and 800 at Winderton in November were typical flocks. 400 at Grendon on December 22 was the only sizable record for that month. Another leucistic bird, or possibly the same, was at Draycote on December 3 REH. 140

Worcs In the first winter period, large numbers reported including 750 at Bredon's Hardwick on January 1, 500 at Norton Hall on February 5, 800 at Mythe Bridge on February 6 and 800 at Warndon, Worcester on February 8. Smaller numbers in the second winter period included 433 over the Sugar Loaf on November 6, 600 at Bredon's Hardwick on December 4 and 330 at Warndon on December 18. Staffs A single and a pair were present on the moors during April and June. The largest counts were from the first winter period with 800 at Elford on January 24,500 at Cheadle on February 3,2000 at Belvide on March 21 and 500 at Voxall on the same day, 1000 at Admaston on March 2b and 520 at Keele on April 10. The only notable counts from the second winter period were 100 at Kettlebrook on October 26, 200 at Elford on November 1, 250 at Maer Hills on November 14, 1000 at Belvide on November 24 and 187 at Slitting Mill on December 23. WMid Reported as being scarcer than in 1987. First winter records were received from Sandwell Valley (1000 on January 22), Slubbers Green (200 on January 9) and Wall Heath (100 on January 22). 20 at Fens Pools on October 2, was the first second winter record followed by 200 over Valley Park on October 26,300 in Sandwell Valley on November 19, 50 atTrittiford on November 24 and 130 flying south-east over Turners Hill on November 26. Several observers mentioned the relatively poor berry crop, which forced birds to move on after a few days. Reported from a Handsworth Wood garden from January 8 to March 1, with a maximum of five on January 10.

Song Thrush Warks Still reported as scarce at Brandon and Eathorpe but at Bermuda more common now than for many years. Worcs The breeding season count on the hills and commons of the Malverns was 16 singing males. On passage, 10 at Church Lench on October 17, 38 at Broadway on October 26, 10 at Table Hill on October 31 and 20 on the Sugar Loaf on November 19. Staffs Only nine pairs bred at Coombes Valley, the lowest number since 1980. This tends to confirm the impression of an overall drop in numbers of this species in recent years. One pair bred at Doxey and a flock of 25 flew over Belvide on February 6. WMid Breeding records ol note came from Sandwell Valley (22 singing birds, with many juveniles noted in June and July) and Valley Park (numbers said to be up on 1987 totals). However, said to be a rare bird in the Sutton Coldfield area, apparently due to the predation of Magpies, and also on the decline in theOldbury area. 37 were counted in Valley Park on January 17, and a good autumn influx was noted in the Sandwell Valley.

Redwing Average: September 27 (54) to April 18 (53) 20 noted at Belvide on April 16. First seen at Mill Green on September 29. 141

Warks Sizable flocks began to move through the county during February with 300 at Gaydon, 100 at both Maxstoke and Packington and 150 at Little Packington. 300 at Fillongley on March 12 included many in song. In autumn, 100 at Baddesley Common on November 26 and 200 at Winderton on 27. Worcs In the first winter period, 250 reported at Bredon's Hardwick on January 1, 425 at Upton Warren on January 23, 500 at Norton Hall on February 5 and 400 at Ripple on February 14. In the second winter period, large numbers seen at Bredon's Hardwick, with maxima of 300 on October 24 and 412 on December 3. Staffs Notable counts included 100 at Dosthill on March 10, 400 at Belvide on March 13 and 200 at Tittesworth on the following day. Counts of note from the second winter period were 500 at Barlaston on November 1, 130 at Maer Hills on November 4 and 300 at Belvide on November 25. W Mid First winter flocks of 75 at Buckpool on January 11, 600 at Wolverhampton on January 17,100atTrittiford on February 4, and 100 at Marston Green on February 28. First noted on October 2 at Sandwell Valley and Oldbury and thereafter reported in strength from Sandwell Valley (150 on October 23), Fens Pools (500 during November) and Valley Park (200. during November). The latter two sites rapidly lost birds towards the end of the year when berry crops began to run out.

Mistle Thrush Warks No. change in breeding status reported. Two flocks of 40 noted at Packington during September. Worcs The breeding season count from the Malverns, of 25 singing males, was more than double the total for 1987. 20 on the top of North Hill, with Redwings, on November 25. Staffs Two pairs bred at Westport. Only flocks of note were 35 flying to roost at Chasewater on September 7 and 16 at Stoke's Incinerator on October 15. W Mid Breeding records from seven sites. Late summer and early autumn concentrations included 14 in Sutton Park on July 19, 14 on Aldridge Golf Course on July 17, 33 in Sandwell Valley in late July, 25 in Dunstall Park on August 2,11 at Park Lime Pits on September 11, 55 at Sheepwash U.P. on September 13 and 10 on the WBA training ground in Smethwick on November 7. One in song at Aldersley as early as October 25.

Cetti's Warbler A good year, no doubt helped by positive effects of the mild winter on breeding populations. Warks One at Kingsbury from June 16 to, at least, 27 was the first county record FB, VAB, D1L, SDN. Worcs One at Church Lench Pool on August 13, 16, 20 and September 4 was probably a female PFS, MB, JG; the fifth county record. WMid One heard and seen well at Netherton Reservoir on June 2 CJT was the first county record. 142

Grasshopper Warbler ^ A verage: Api il 10 (52) tu August 24 (42) Seen at Church Lench from April 15 and finally noted on September 6 at Doxey. Warks An increase in records for the second year running. Probable or definite breeding occurred at Alvecote, Baddesley Common, Brandon, Kingsbury, Ladywalk and Whitacre Heath. Also present at Arley, Compton Verney, High Wood, Kenilworth, Oakley Wood, Packington, Radway, Stockton, Wasperton and Wellesbourne Wood. Notable numbers on passage were seven at Brandon on April 19 and 30 and the same number at Kineton on May 14. Worcs Reeling males noted at Abberton (two), Arrow Valley (nine), Baughton, Church Lench (two), Kempsey Common, Larford, Littleworth, Long Saw Croft, Lower Avon Valley (six), Malverns (six), Norton Barracks, Strensham, Trench Wood (two), Upton Warren (seven), Weethley Wood (seven), and Wyre Mill. A juvenile was seen at Beckford on June 27. Staffs Reeling noted at Barlaston, Belvide, Chasewater (two), Coombes Valley, Doxey (five), Ford Green, Lordsley, Mill Green and Sherbrook Valley (two). WMid At least three reeling in the Sandwell Valley during the spring and summer, with almost certainly one pair breeding successfully. On passage noted at Dunstall Park on April 25 and from the north-east side of Sutton Park on April 28 and 29. In autumn, two in the Sandwell Valley on August 21 to 23.

Sedge Warbler Average: April 16 (52) to September 28 (46) Noted at Kingsbury from April 10. Seen at Oakley and Betley on September 18. A very late individual was observed at Doxey on November 5. Warks Six pairs again at Alvecote and an estimated 25 at Kingsbury. Six pairs at Ladywalk, three at The Somers and five at Whitacre Heath. Passage birds were seen at Daw Mill and Kinwalsey. Worcs Reported from 22 localities. About 65 pairs said to be in the Lower Avon Valley and eight territories noted on the , between Porters Mill and Briar Mill, as part of the BTO Waterways Bird Survey. Staffs Singing males or breeding noted at Belvide (14), Betley (four), Chillington, Doxey (36) (1987: 29, 1986: 26), Elford (20), Mill Green, Tixall, Westport (four) and Wychnor. WMid Bred in the Sandwell Valley (at least three pairs), with young noted on August 6. Elsewhere one or two sang at Sheepwash U P., but no proof of breeding. On passage noted from Valley Park and Dunstall Park in April, May, July and early August (two on August 16), Edgbaston Pool (three on April 30) and Plantsbrook Reservoir. 143

Marsh Warbler Average: May 31 (38) to July 16 (1) Present in the Lower Avon area from May 24 to July 16. Worcs In the Avon Valley, only two pairs bred; there were also two unpaired singing males SMW.

Reed Warbler Average: April 25 (48) to September 24 (42) First recorded at Westwood on April 20. Last seen on the late date of October 31, at Betley. Warks A colony at Brandon held 16 pairs, producing 51 young. Other pairs estimated as follows: Alvecote (six), Coombe (no count), Draycote (two), Ladywalk (20) and Packington (three). Worcs The BTO Waterways Bird Survey produced 35 territories along the Droitwich Canal, between Briar Mill and Porters Mill (1987: 44), and the Lower Avon Valley held at least 60 pairs. Elsewhere noted at 12 localities. Staffs Singing birds at Belvide (seven), Betley, Branston, Chasewater (two), Chillington (two), Doxey (seven), Elford (two) and Mill Green. Seen on passage at Westport. WMid Bred at Fens Pools (five in song on May 27, but no more than three pairs bred), Sandwell Valley (at least three pairs) and Sheepwash U.P. (one to two pairs). One in song at Meriden on July 24, with further passage birds at Plantsbrook Reservoir, Compton and Wolverhampton. One was caught and ringed at Newbridge, Wolverhampton on September 25.

Lesser Whitethroat Average: April 22 (52) to September 20 (52) Present at Kingsbury and Shrewley from April 19. Last seen on September '25 at Kingsbury. Warks Probable breeding pairs were reported as follows: Alvecote (two), Ansley (two), Bedworth, Corley, Daw Mill, Devitts Green, Kingsbury (six), Ladywalk, Maxstoke (two), Shrewley, Shustoke, The Somers and Whitacre Heath. Eight passage birds were noted at Brandon on April 30. Worcs Singing males noted at 20 localities, including the Malvern Commons where eight held territory. Said to be more numerous around Evesham and the Combertons. Staffs Noted singing at eight sites, including three pairs that bred at Doxey. A substantial passage was noted on August 7 at Elford and Hatherton. Also recorded on passage at Essington and Westport. WMid Breeding records came from Park Lime Pits (one pair) and Sandwell Valley (one to three pairs), with probable breeding at Fens Pools (two in song in May, one until late July). Additionally, song noted at Marston Green, Sutton Park and Warrens Hall. In spring, seen on passage at Dunstall Park and from a small tree in the centre of Five Ways Island, Central Birmingham, on April 26 REH. In autumn, noted at Sheepwash U.P. and Valley Park. 144

Whitethroat

Average: April 14 (54) to September 26 (54) Noted at Mill Green from April 10. Last seen on September 28 at Dunstall Park. Appears to be increasing well in numbers. Warks Singing males or breeding pairs were estimated at Alvecote (two), Kingsbury (10) and Ladywalk (six on the reserve, five on the Power Station site). Worcs Breeding season count from the Malverns produced a total of 134 singing males (1987: 102), 48 on the commons and 86 on the hills. About 20 pairs noted in the Lower Avon Valley. Elsewhere singing males noted at 30 localities. Staffs Noted at 15 sites during the summer, including seven pairs at Doxey, six at Little Aston and four at Belvide. W Mid Breeding records from Aldersley (three pairs), Fens Pools (two to three pairs, with five singing males), Park Lime Pits (two pairs), Sandwell Valley (12 pairs) and Sheepwash U.P. (one to two pairs). Elsewhere song reported from nine other sites with nine in Valley Park and five at Netherton/Baptist End. Noted on passage in September at Small Heath, Sandwell Valley (five on 4) and Dunstall Park. No reports from the north- east side of Sutton Park this year.

1987 Corrigendum Warks There were six pairs on the Power Station site at Hams Hall, not 64 as stated. 145

Garden Warbler Average: April 22 (51) to September 9 (50) Present very early, at Kingsbury from April 11. Present at Belvide until September 19 with an exceptional record at Westport on November 8. Improvement in breeding status noted. Warks Singing males present at Alvecote (two), Ansley Cutting, Arley, Bannans Wood (two), Church Pool Covert (five), Coleshill Woods, Coombe, Kingsbury (15), Maxstoke (two), Oldbury (two), Packington (five pairs in 20 acres of damp woodland) and The Somers (three). Worcs A considerable improvement in status in the Malvern area with 87 singing males (1987: 53). Breeding records from 20 other localities. Noted more frequently on passage at Upton Warren this year, with up to three present on May 7. Staffs Noted at 15 sites during the breeding season, with 28 pairs at Coombes Valley, the highest number there since 1980. WMid Confirmed breeding from Valley Park and suspected at Sandwell Valley, Sutton Park and Park Lime Pits. Noted on spring passage at Bradnocks Marsh and on return at Fens Pools (two on August 19), Sheepwash U.P. (two or three on August 7) and in Smethwick. Autumn garden records from Dudley, Erdington and Kingstanding.

Blackcap Average: April 4 (54) to October 8 (51) Seen at Belvide from March 31. Present at Westwood until October 29 and at Chasewater on October 30. Surprisingly scarce in the second winter period. Warks Singing males present at Alvecote (three), Bentley (five), Coombe, Grendon Wood, Ladywalk (12), Packington (seven pairs in 35 acres in one area) and The Somers (two). Wintering birds were not as much in evidence this year, with one at Kineton in January, February, November and December and one at The Somers on November 10. Worcs Singing males at 19 localities with at least 23 at Trench Wood on April 24, at least 30 pairs in the Lower Avon Valley and 58 singing males in the Malvern area (1987: 55). Noted in the winter at Ashton-under-Hill, Bewdley, Bredon, Bredon's Hardwick, Broadway, Evesham, Malvern (two), Martley (three), Redditch, Upper Welland, West Hagley and Worcester (up to five). Staffs Reported from 16 sites during the breeding season. Winter records came from Werrington on January 30 and 31, Himley on February 6, Rickerscote on March 3 and in the second winter period at Belvide on November 11 and Blithfield on November 19. W Mid Reported from 10 sites in the breeding season with 20 singing males in the Sandwell Valley and at least 10 in Valley Park. Quite widespread in the first winter period, with records from gardens in Dudley, Erdington (male and female), Four Oaks, Halesowen (four males on February 25 with a 146

female also noted), Knowle and Kings Heath with birds also present in Sandwell Valley and Valley Park (two males). In the autumn, 20 were feeding on elderberries at Sandwell Valley on September 25, with garden records from Acocks Green, Erdington and Kingstanding.

Wood Warbler Average: April 21 (52) to August 18 (40) First noted at Mill Green on April 22 and last seen at Westport on August 30. Warks Bred at Corley and probably at tdge hill, Grendon (three), Hartshill Hayes (three) and Radway. Passage birds were noted at Clowes Wood, Coombe, and Kineton. Worcs A stable population is indicated by this year's count of 3B singing males along the Malverns. Breeding season records also received from Devils Spittleful, Lickey Woods, Little Lakes, Menith Wood, Old Storridge, Ribbesford Wood, The Boggin, The Knapp, Tor Coppice, Trimpley, and Wyre Forest. One at Westwood on July 30 and 31 was probably on return passage. Staffs Noted in the breeding season at Beaudesert (two), Blackbrook (four), Brocton (two), Coombes Valley, Froghall (two), Hanchurch, Middle Mayfield (four), Needwood (three), Seven Springs (four) and Trentham. Noted on passage at Belvide, Doxey, Elford, Highgate, Newcastle and Pendeford. W Mid At least one, possibly two pairs bred in Saltwells Wood, with a minimum of three birds on territory on the north-east side of Sutton Park (apparently a much better year than in 1987). Noted on passage at Sandwell Valley on April 24 and 25 with another in song along the Tame Valley Canal, Great Barr from April 26 to May 5.

1987 Addendum

W Mid One in Valley Park on April 24 (a first record for the locality).

Chiffchaff Average: March 16 (54) to October 15 (54) First recorded at The Somers on March 15, last seen on October 12 at Whittleford Park. Some individuals in early November probably overwintered. Warks Singing birds at Alvecote (three), Arley Wood (eight), Astley Gorse, Bannans Wood (eight), Bedworth (two), Brandon (three), Church Pool Covert (four), Coombe, Corley, Fillongley (three), Heach Wood (three), Packington (four), Packwood (two), The Somers (five), Sych Wood (five) and Wootton Wawen (eight). Winter records of singles at Grendon Wood on December 31 and Kineton on 26. Worcs A further increase noted at Malvern of 109 singing males (1987: 75). Widespread breeding season records from elsewhere, with 12 at 147

Birlingham the most notable density. Noted in early March at Kempsey, and in November and December at Broadway, Diglis Lock and Kidderminster. Staffs Singing males at Barton, Beaudesert (five), Belvide (two), Blithfield (three), Chillington (three), Copmere, Doxey, Elford (three), Greenway Bank, Hanchurch (six), Keele (four), Lordsley (15), Newcastle (five), Pendeford, Stoke and Westport (12). On passage, 27 at Hanchurch and good numbers at Belvide, both in mid-September. Only two winter records, one at Maer Hills on January 29 and one at Sneyd Green on December 27. WMid Singing birds were widespread, and reported from the following localities: Barrowhill/Pensnett (three), Coundon Court School (two). Great Barr, Knowle, Lutley Gutter (two), Moseley Bog, Netherton (two), Palmers Rough, Shirley, Park Lime Pits (seven on April 4), Sandwell Valley (six), Sutton Park (five on the north-east side), Valley Park, Walsall Arboretum and Willenhall. Surprisingly there were only two records in the first winter period, from Coundon Court School (one on February 11) and Fens Pools (one from February 14 to 21). The only second winter record, was one at Fens Pools on November 30. Interestingly, there was a report of a bird feeding in a garden which showed a blackish forehead and small dark bib.

Willow Warbler Average: March 27 (54) to October 6 (54) Present at Chasewater from March 28. Last noted at Ladywalk and Whittleford Park on September 26. Warks Pairs present at Alvecote (five), Ansley Cutting (eight), Arley Wood (six) and The Somers (12). Reported as scarce this year at Earlswood and Eathorpe. 40 at Brandon on April 15 was the highest count of the year there. Worcs • A total of 394 singing males counted in the Malvern area, an increase on 1986 and 1987. Elsewhere, maxima of singing males at Arrow Valley (10), Upton Warren (22) and Westwood (12). An influx of 30 Phylloscopus warblers at Upton Warren on August 27 was considered to comprise approximately 70% this species, and 30% chiffchaffs. Staffs Eight pairs at Doxey and Westport with good numbers of singing birds at Belvide, Hanchurch, Lordsley, Rudyard and Tittesworth .'The only notable autumn count was of 26 at Essington on August 30. WMid Singing birds during the breeding season at Park Lime Pits (three), Sandwell Valley (35), Sheepwash U.P. (three to four), Spring Road, Smethwick, Sutton Park, Valley Park and Willenhall (18). Spring passage birds noted at Branton Hill Quarry (two) and Stubbers Green. On passage, 30 in the Sandwell Valley on July 30 and 30 at Sheepwash U.P. on August 9, with three at Plantsbrook Reservoir in early September. 148

Goldcrest Notable passage In iiild-Seplembei. Warks Appears to be fairly common in most coniferous woodland. Influxes noted in autumn and winter months at Bentley (50 in November), Fillongley, The Somers (20) and Shustoke. 20 juveniles were ringed in three visits to North Cubbington Wood in September, October and November. Worcs Breeding records.from 25 well scattered localities. Some concentrations noted in autumn with 20 in Happy Valley on September 17 the largest recorded. Staffs The mild winter resulted in 17 pairs breeding at Coombes Valley, the highest number since 1980. 12 at Doxey on September 12, compared to only six previously recorded there. 40 at Kinver on September 18. 20 at Elford in November and 83 around the German Cemetery on December 18. W Mid No breeding confirmed, but present in the breeding season at Bournville, Coundon Court School, Knowle, Marston Green and Valley Park. Present at many localities outside the breeding season, with notable counts of 40 in the Sandwell Valley on October 30 and 14 at Willenhall M.P. on December 25. One fed from a nutbag in a Walsall garden.

Firecrest Seven in 1988 was above average for the five years but the five-yearly total shows a marked fall.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No ol birds 2 8 17 34 24

Warks One at Lowsonford from February 15 to 17 LC. Worcs A male was occupying territory at a western locality from March 6 to at least May 15 AFJ, GHP, WFP, SMW and was seen carrying food on the last date. One at Westwood Park from December 27 to the end of the year WD, SMW. Staffs A male at Burton Manor Road in Stafford on January 7 per FCG. One at Belvide on April 8 and 9 SN, IL, SAR, and one also there on May 9 DJA. One at Chillington on December 18 DWE.

Spotted Flycatcher Average: May 1 (52) to September 26 (52) Late arriving with the first at Mill Green and Trentham from May 6. Last seen at Whittleford Park on September 26. Warks Probable breeding pairs were present at Alcester, Arley, Bannans Wood, Bedworth, Bentley, Coleshill (three), Edge Hill (two), Maxstoke, Packington (four), Priors Hardwick, Radway, Ragley Park, Seeswood, Shustoke, The Somers and Wood End. Worcs A decline noted on the Malverns, with only three singing males (1987: 9). Elsewhere, pairs at Abberton (three), Lynall's Coppice (four) of which two were successful, Norton Barracks (three), Westwood (two), and also bred 149

at Beckford, Birlingham, Castlemorton Common, Defford, Harvington, Kidderminster, Nafford, Pershore, Strensham, Wyre Piddle and Wickhamford. Staffs Three pairs at Chillington and Upper Longdon, two pairs at Belvide and single pairs at Barlaston, Blithfield, Doxey, Eccleshall, Elford, Hanchurch Water Tower, Kinver, Newcastle and Swynnerton. Noted on passage at 10 further sites. W Mid Bred successfully at Acocks Green, near Stour, at Halesowen, Sandwell Valley (two pairs), Valley Park (about four pairs), a Walsall garden and Willenhall (two pairs). No records reported from Sutton Park this year. Noted at eight sites on autumn passage with 16 in Sandwell Valley on August 27.

Pied Flycatcher Average: April 21 (42) to September 6 (23) Early birds at Lighthorneand in the Sandwell Valley on April 14. Present in the Wyre Forest from April 23, with an influx around the start of May. In September, late birds at Fillongley on 15 and Dudley on 16. Warks An excellent spring passage. Two at Lighthorne on April 14, a male at Alvecote on 16 and 17, two females at Brandon on 23 and 24 and one at Ladywalk on 24. On May 6, another at Ladywalk, a female at Close Wood on 7 and one at Little Packington on 12. In autumn, an immature at Kingsbury on August 8 and one at Fillongley on September 15. Worcs Bred in the Wyre Forest, but little information available regarding numbers of pairs in the Dowles Brook area. At Lynall's Coppice, however, 20 young were raised from four nest boxes. One pair bred successfully on the Malvern Hills and at least six other singing males were also present there. Five pairs bred at The Knapp and single pairs at Birchwood and Hornhill Wood, with males present in late spring at Hindlip, and Menith Wood. Passage birds noted in spring at Brick Kiln Lane on April 24 and at Timberhanger on May 14; and in autumn at Beoley Mill Pool on July 29, Westwood Park from July 30 (two) to August 3, and at Upton Warren on July 31. Staffs Two pairs at Brocton Coppice, 19 pairs at Coombes Valley, two pairs at Dimmingsdale, three at Dydon Wood, two pairs in the south of the county and a pair attempted to nest at Kinver. Seen on passage at Belvide, Chasetown, Danebridge, Deep Hayes, Longsdon, Stafford area and Trentham Park. W Mid One in song in Sutton Park from May 12 to 31, with possibly the same bird located half a mile away on June 10. On spring passage, reported from the Sandwell Valley (one to two males from April 14 to 16, with another on April 23) and the WBA training ground, Smethwick on May 14. Autumn records came from a Kingstanding garden on August 4, Sandwell Valley on August 13 to 15, and a Dudley garden on September 16. 150

Bearded Tit Atter a poor start in 1984, numbers were steady from 1985-87 and 1988 was an excellent year, presumably a reflection of the mild weather.

1964-6B 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 19B4-88

No ol birds 36 100 70 54 61

Warks A full summary has been received from Brandon Marsh for the first time in several years. Eight were present there throughout January, with six on Maroh 20 and two on 26. In the accond winter period, four arrived on October 24, with six on 27 and 11 on 30. All 11 remained until the end of the year. Two of these birds had been ringed at Brandon the previous winter, the second time that birds have returned in consecutive periods. One other record involved a female at Kingsbury on the rather early date of September 11. Worcs The male at Strensham Sludge Lagoons first seen in November 1987 remained until January 20. A female at Arrow Valley Lake on October 28 and a male at Church Lench Pool from October 30 until the end of the year. Staffs A female remained at Doxey from November 13 to at least December 2. This is the first record for this site since 1976.

Long-tailed Tit Warks Breeding birds reported from Alvecote (two), Arley (four), Bannans Wood (four), Bedworth (two), Daw Mill, Devitts Green and Ladywalk (seven). Post-breeding flocks seemed to be larger this year with maxima of 23 at Brandon, 20 at Earlswood, 43 at The Somers and 25 at Whichford Wood. Worcs No change in status in the Malvern area where 16 or 17 territorial males were present in the breeding season. The largest parties noted were 24 at Raggedstone Hill on August 23,20 at Shelsley Walsh on January 31 and 24 at Upton Warren in early June. Staffs Despite the mild winter only eight pairs bred at Coombes Valley, the lowest number since 1980. A pair bred at Westport for the first time. The largest flocks reported were 17 at Rudyard on July 1, 50 at Belvide on July 21, 26 at Chasewater on October 16 and 38 at Westport on November 11. WMid Bred at Valley Park (two pairs, the first breeding record locally for some years), with possible breeding noted in the Knowle area. Largest flocks were 15 at Lower Gornal in January and flocks of 12 at Fens Pools, Park Lime Pits and Sandwell Valley in the autumn.

Marsh Tit Warks Probable breeding, or summer records, received from Bentley, Edge Hill, Farnborough, Kenilworth, Kineton, Ryton Wood (at least four) and Whichford Wood. 23 records were received from the south of the county, compared to 38 for Willow Tit BOS. 151

Worcs Major decline noted at Malvern, where seven territorial males compared to 31 in 1987. Other records received from Abberton, Birlingham, Bishampton Bank, Broadway Hill, Caldewell Wood, Deerfold Wood, Dowles Brook, Grimley, Ribbesford Wood, Rock Coppice and Westwood. Staffs Three pairs bred at Coombes Valley compared with 10 in 1980 and was said to be almost absent from the Churnet Valley woodlands. Present at Westport (where usually scarce) from August to October, with a maximum of three on August 9. Reported from six other sites. No breeding records received. Only one in spring, on April 6, at Willenhall. Otherwise, singles at Plantsbrook Reservoir, Sandwell Valley, Sutton Park and Valley Park.

Willow Tit Warks Present at 11 sites in the breeding season, with no more than two pairs at each. In winter, a maximum of eight, at Kinwalsey, but up to four at many sites. Worcs Noted at 19 sites. Staffs Recorded from 10 localities. One at Westport on March 21, where it is a rarity. W Mid More widespread than Marsh Tit, with breeding records from Fens Pools (one pair), Park Lime Pits (reported as being very common), Sandwell Valley (at least five pairs) and Valley Park (at least four pairs). Otherwise, noted at nine other sites.

Coal Tit Warks Breeds in most coniferous woodlands of all sizes. Up to 20 in winter flocks at Kinwalsey and Close Wood. Has increased at Brandon over the last three years. Worcs Recorded at 21 localities, with a gathering of 12 at Chase End Hill on December 26 the largest party noted. Staffs 22 pairs bred at Coombes Valley, the highest total in the 1980s. Single birds were seen at Westport, where it is a rare bird, in September and October. WMid Breeding was confirmed in the Sandwell Valley (two pairs) and along Valley Park (at least three pairs). Presumably bred at Sutton Park, where noted throughout the year. Otherwise recorded at nine other sites, with a maximum of eight at Willenhall in December.

Blue Tit Warks 80-90% of ringed birds at Lillington and North Cubbington Wood in January and February were juveniles, an extremely high survival rate, helped, no doubt, by the weather. 70 were in a flock of 100 tits at Shustoke on September 18. Worcs 54 territorial males on the Malverns compared to 65 in 1987. A remarkable 87 young were reared from eight nest boxes at Upton Warren, and over 24 fledged from six nest boxes at Lynall's Coppice. Four clutches were 152

produced from a nest box scheme at Chateau Impney. 100 on Raggedstone Hill on August 23 and up to 80 at Upton Warren at the end of November. A leucistic indiviudual was noted at Bittell on February 20. Staffs Census data suggests an increase with 18 pairs at Hem Heath (1987: 5), and six pairs at Doxey (1987: 5). Over 160 at Blithfield on February 7, 80 at Belvide and over 150 around the German Cemetery on December 18. W Mid Breeding started in nest boxes at Coundon Court School on February 12. Maxima of 100 along Valley Park in the first winter period and 55 at Willenhall M P. in December.

Great Tit Warks A total of 77 were ringed at Brandon nest boxes. A leucistic male nested with a normal female near Kingsbury. Worcs 38 territorial males noted on the Malverns. Over 21 young produced from six nest boxes at Lynall's Coppice. Staffs Nine pairs bred at Hem Heath (1987: 10) and two at Doxey. Parties of 98 were counted at Blithfield on February 7,60 at Belvide on November 6 and 96 around the German Cemetery on December 18. W Mid Few records of note received, with the only significant count being over 40 in Valley Park during the first winter period.

Nuthatch Warks Recorded at 21 sites in summer with particularly healthy numbers around Maxstoke, Packington and Shawbury. Worcs 12 territorial males counted along the Malverns. Also recorded at 14 other localities. Staffs Reports received from only five localities. W Mid Bred at Coundon Court School (one pair) and Sandwell Valley (one pair). Presumably bred in Sutton Park, although reported as being not so common as two or three years ago. Elsewhere, records from six other sites, including one in Valley Park on September 25, the only record of the year there.

Treecreeper Warks Probable breeding records received from Arley, Brandon, Bentley, Coombe, Cubbington Wood, Middleton, Packington (six pairs) and Shawbury. Worcs Two young fledged from a nest box at Lynall's Coppice. Also recorded at Birlingham, Bredon's Hardwick, Broadway Gravel Pit, Callow Hill, Chase End Hill, Castlemorton Common, Dowles Brook, Defford, Eckington, Grimley, Larford, Lickey Woods, Nafford, Shelsley Walsh, Trimpley, Upton Warren and Westwood. Staffs One pair bred on the Doxey CBC plot, a first for the reserve. Reported from four other localities with counts of 10 at Blithfield on February 7 and eight at Belvide on March 12. Chasewater's second ever bird appeared on January 8. 153

WMid Two pairs bred successfully in the Sandwell Valley, and presumably did so in Sutton Park, where regularly noted throughout the year. Small numbers noted along Valley Park in most months, with one present on the WBA training ground, Smethwick in October and singles at Coundon Court School and Plantsbrook Reservoir in November.

Golden Oriole The first record this year since 1985.

1964-66 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No ol birds 3 3 5 5 3

Warks A male was at Draycote on September 20 RRH.

Red-backed Shrike Worcs A male at Frankley on May 16 DA coincided with a considerable influx of this species on Shetland.

1983 Addendum Warks A male remained for a few hours at Bermuda on August 10 JW.

Great Grey Shrike Becoming increasingly scarce, especially as the figure of 10 may include duplication of wintering individuals on territory; only regular on Cannock Chase. 1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 38 76 77 20 10

Staffs One at German Cemetery on March 25 TW and one also on November 24 FCG.

Jay Noticeably underrecorded. Warks Little information received but seems to be increasing in suburban gardens. Worcs Widely distributed. Groups of six noted at Raggedstone Hill on January 30 and on Midsummer Hill on May 14. Staffs Reported from only five sites with a maximum of four at Elford. One at Doxey on October 9 was a rare occurrence. W Mid Bred in Sandwell Valley, with other breeding season records from Great Barr, Park Lime Pits, Sutton Park and Tame Valley Canal. 11 at Sandwell Valley on April 8. Recorded at six other sites.

Magpie The count at Edgbaston appears to be the highest ever in the Region. Warks Still appears to be on the increase but no specific information received. 154

Worcs Several observers commented on the continued increase of this species, with for example, seven pairs on Castlemorton Common (1987: 4). The largest concentrations were 43 at Bittell on November 6, 31 at Larford on February 28, and 30 at Upton Warren on October 20. Staffs Considering the obvious increase in the species, only five records were received. Three pairs bred at Doxey. 65 roosted at Westport on February 24, 26 were seen at Belvide on March 28 and 48 in a field at Slitting Mill, Rugeley on December 23. W Mid At least three pairs bred at Park Lime Pits, and 11 pairs in the Sandwell Valley. Reported as breeding from 10 places along Valley Park. Extremely numerous in Sutton Park, where heavy predation on passerines continues. Few counts of winter roosts received, although 161 were counted flying south-east over Edgbaston, to roost, in one hour on February 2, and 20 were in Dunstall Park. An ingenious bird resorted to stealing milk from the doorstep in Handsworth during the winter months.

Jackdaw Warks A very numerous breeding bird around the Hartshill and Nuneaton Quarries and also at Great Packington. Maxima of 120 at Ragley in March and 300 at Winderton in November. Worcs The largest flocks noted were 280 at Bredon Hill on January 30, 150 at Upton Warren on March 11,500 at Hollybush Quarry on September 23,400 at Larford'on November 10, and 200 at Strensham on December 29. Staffs No significant records received. WMid Breeding reported from Valley Park (two pairs) and Willenhall M.P. (one pair). First winter/spring concentrations included 42 at Shut End on February 4 and 34 at Turners Hill on April 1. Autumn counts over 20 included: 25 at Willenhall on September 23, 43 in Sandwell Valley on October 16, and up to 40 on fields near Compton on December 3.

Rook Warks 76 pairs at Sych Wood represents a slight decrease. 60 nests were occupied at Freasley, 200 at Maxstoke and 32 at Whateley. 1000 over Whateley in January and February was by far the largest flock reported. Worcs 400 noted at Hollybed Common on August 7, and 324 at Feckenham on September 29. Staffs 92 nests counted at Coombes Valley, the lowest count in the 1980s. 227 birds flew over Chasewater on November 20. WMid At least 16 occupied nests in the Sandwell Valley in 1988 (1987: 12). Maxima of note were 100 in Valley Park and 220 flying south over Aldridge, both on January 17.

Carrion Crow Warks Highest counts were 100 at Draycote on November 14 and 200 at The Somers in the second winter period. 155

Worcs The only sizable gathering reported was 50 at North Hill, Malvern on November 6. Staffs Three pairs nested at Coombes Valley, the lowest number in the 1980s, and (our pairs on the Doxey CBC plot. 60 birds were counted at Essington on September 5. W Mid At least seven pairs bred successfully in the Sandwell Valley, with four pairs in the Willenhall area. 100 at Shut End on January 10 and 50 at Tividale on December 31.

Hooded Crow

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No ol records 7 13 21 4 3 No ol birds 8 16 24 3 3

Raven The marked increase reflects a good series of records in 1987 and 1988 from West Worcs., particularly the Malverns.

19G4-G0 1909-73 1974-78 1979-43 1984-88

No ol birds 10 42 29 25 43

Worcs All records backed by descriptions came from the Malvern area. One was at North Hill on March 27 REH, followed by two there on April 14 AWa. One was at Raggedstone Hill on September 17 AFJ, and a pair remained in the North Hill area from September 18 to the end of the year SMW. Two at British Camp on December 10 06, and finally one was at Whiteleafed Oak on December 26 MW. Staffs One between Belvide and Brewood on August 1 SAR.

Starling Warks 10000 over Draycote on January 12 and the same number at a roost at

Mappleborough Green on February 4; had reduced to 1200 by February 29. 1000 at Bermuda on November 20. Worcs Only two flocks of note: 588 flew over Wickhamford in 45 minutes on their way to roost, on July 4 and 500 were at Bredon's Hardwick on December 10. Staffs Seven pairs only at Coombes Valley (1980: 42 and 1981: 40) and one at Doxey CBC plot. A pair in Newcastle were feeding young on October 13. 3500 roosted at Hatherston Reservoir, on August 7 and at Aqualate, the reed bed roost had built up to 100000 by November 13. W Mid No information of note received.

House Sparrow Warks No significant records received. 156

Worcs No records received. Staffs Over 200 at Chasewater on August 12.

WMid In autumn and winter, "hundreds" along field edges at Compton.

1987 Corrigendum Warks The species has occurred on the main reserve at Ladywalk, but not in any numbers for several years. Tree Sparrow Warks A few more large flocks this year. In the first winter period, 60 at Farnborough and 25 at Packington in January. In the second period, 20 at Fenny Compton and 50 at Kinwalsey in November. Smaller numbers were reported from nine other sites. Worcs 17 pairs bred in an old orchard at Throckmorton, and si* pairs in a line of willows at Fladbury. Other breeding records from Doverdale, Murcot, and Timberhanger. Flocks of up to 72 at Throckmorton Tip during autumn and winter, up to 40 at Abberton on October 30, over 30 at Wythall in late December, and 30 at Lower Broadheath on December 10. Staffs Flocks of over 200 at Blithfield on January 8, 30 at Weeford on February 17, 13 at Hill Chorlton on July 4, around 50 at Tittesworth on August 29,15 with Linnets at Drayton Bassett on December 12, 20 at Blithfield on December 13 and over 50 at Elford on December 14. W Mid Between 10 and 20 pairs bred in the Sandwell Valley, where still numerous, with prospecting pairs, only, at Aldridge and Dunstall Park. Flocks of note were 20 in Valley Park on January 14, up to 12 at Park Lime Pits in August, 50 in Sandwell Valley on December 30 and up to 10 in an Erdington garden during the year. Also noted in Knowle.

Chaffinch Warks Four pairs at Alvecote and 10 pairs in 35 acres of mixed woodland at Great Packington. Most common in the second winter period. Maxima of 100 at Chesterton and 300 at Earlswood in October, 100 at Fillongley in late November and 300 at Arley on December 10. Worcs An increase in breeding status at Malvern where the count for the hills and commons was 121 territories (1987: 65). Outside the breeding season, the largest flocks were 40 at Strensham on January 2,400 at Astley on January 30, 60 at Broadway on April 6, 30 at Happy Valley on October 22, and 70 at Little Comberton on November 5. Staffs 78 pairs bred at Coombes Valley, the highest since 1982, and two pairs bred on Doxey CBC plot. There were flocks of over 150 at Blithfield on Januarys, 400 at Aqualate on January 17,350 at Mill Green on January 20, 100 on newly ploughed land at Camp Hill on October 16 and 200 at Etchinghill, Rugeley on November 9. WMid Bred successfully at Willenhall M.P. (two pairs) and Park Lime Pits and present at Sandwell Valley (five singing males) and Valley Park. Outside the breeding season, 150 at Edgbaston Reservoir on February 29 and in 157

December, 26 at Willenhall M.P. on 17, 100 at Sheepwash U.P. on 26 and 150 at Sandwell Valley on 31.

Bi'amblirig Average: October 10 (53) to April 16 (52) Four noted at Newcastle on May 3. An extraordinary record of a male in Lineholt during August. Otherwise, returned on October 9, at Eckington. Generally scarcer than 1987. Warks Recorded at only six widely scattered localities and, away from Brandon, only 16 individuals were involved. At Brandon, 12 on February 7, three on November 13, and two other singles. Worcs Scarce in both autumn and winter, with most records concerning single birds. However, numbers at Barnards Green reached 18 on March 7, and peaked at 10 in the Wyre Forest on April 10. In autumn, there were three at Happy Valley on October 22, and 24 at Little Comberton on November 5, with smaller numbers at that locality until the end of the year. A male was noted at a Lineholt farmyard during August. Staffs Numbers generally down on last year, with the majority of records once again relating to the first winter period. Notable counts were 30 at Gailey on January 3.45 at Himley on January 22, 200 at Mill Green on January 30, 10 at Woodseaves on February 3, 10 at Bishton on April 17 and 47 at Newcastle on May 1. Three notable counts in the second winter period: 40 at Blithfield on November 6,13 at Lordsley on November 12 and 20 at Maer Hills on November 14. WMid A pair in a Walsall garden from March 1 to 17 and 8 in Sutton Park on January 28 were the only records of note up to April. In autumn, up to 10 at High Bridges, Great Barr from October 23 to 29, 50 in the Sandwell Valley on October 26, with up to two until the year's end, and four in Smethwick on December 6. Otherwise one or two at eight other localities.

Greenfinch Warks Bred at Alvecote (five) and The Somers (two). In the first winter period, maxima of 45 at Kingsbury and 35 at Ladywalk in January, and in March, 55 at The Somers on 4 and 100 in the Packington area at the end of the month. In a Lillington garden, 64 birds were ringed between January and March, the ratio of adults to juveniles being 2:1. Later in the year, 40 at Alvecote and 50 at Coleshill in late October and 200 at Brandon on December 13. Worcs The largest flocks noted outside the breeding season were 200 at Astley Cross on January 23, 150 roosting at Norton on February 11, 50 at Holt on September 25, 32 at Childswickham on September 29, 30 at Westwood on October 5, and 125 roosting at Norton on December 12. Staffs Three pairs bred at Doxey. Significant flocks reported were 52 in hollies at Alrewas on January 7, over 100 at Aqualate on January 17, over 100 at Drayton Bassett on January 30 and October 4,122 at Essington on June 29 and 30 in a harvested bean field at Blithfield on November 1. 158

W Mid Bred in the Sandwell Valley, the Spring Road area of Smethwick (one pair with young on May 25), Sutton Park and Valley Park (at a minimum of five sites). 43 along Valley Park on January 17, and 12 near Park Lime Pits on March 13. 20 were feeding on a newly created conservation area in Smethwick on June 17.

Goldfinch Warks Records received from 11 sites. Maxima of 100 at Brandon on September 20, 80 at Draycote on September 24 and 80 at Kineton on October 21. Otherwise, most flocks averaged 25. Worcs A decrease in breeding numbers at Redditch, with only two pairs (1987: 5). Five pairs bred on the Malverns. The largest flocks noted in winter were 20 at Hollybed Common on January 23, 40 at Arrow Valley Lake on February 29 and 38 at Lower Moor on March 2. In autumn, 30 at Raggedstone Hill on August 30, 120 at Bredon Hill on September 11, over 300 at Grimley on September 21, 30 at Wickhamford from October 12 to 19, and 25 at Castlemorton Common on November 26. Staffs Two pairs bred at Doxey. The largest flocks reported were over 50 at Westport on January 29,40 at Aqualate on March 13,50 at Elford on August 8, 46 at Belvide on September 23 and 13 at Westport on October 8. W Mid One to two pairs bred locally in the Sheepwash U.P. area, with probably three pairs along Valley Park. No significant first winter counts. Typical autumn concentrations came from Park Lime Pits (24 in July), Buckpool (25 on August 29), Sandwell Valley (100 in mid-September) and Sheepwash U.P. (60 on October 14). Garden records of note were in Acocks Green (two feeding on apples in March and April), Monkspath (20 on April 1) and Handsworth Wood (where a bird was noted feeding on a square nut-feeder in March — a nationally 'rare' occurrence).

Siskin Average: October 1 (51) to April 15 (49) Last noted on April 17, at Westwood. Small passage, very early, in July, but the main arrival was not until October. Scarce in the first winter period but more widespread in the second. Warks Generally scarcer, with most flocks numbering less than 20. Seen at 15 sites in total. Maxima of 150 at Brandon on January 17, 25 at Fillongley in January, 50 at Shustoke on February 13 and in the second winter period, 40 at Birchley Hayes, 35 at Brandon on November 16 and 65 at Ladywalk on November 1. Worcs No confirmed breeding records although there was a small late summer movement over Broadway between July 18 and August 1. Numbers outside the breeding season were low with the largest parties in winter over 15 being 20 at Bittell on January 15 and 20 at Hollybed Common on January 23. In autumn parties over 15 were 20 at Bredon Hill on October 9, up to 30 along the River Severn at Worcester from November 6 to end of year and 60 at Upton Warren on December 18. 159

Staffs A bird in post-fledging plumage was caught and ringed in the Lordsley area, suggesting that a pair may have bred in the vicinity PCF. A nest of this species has yet to be found in the Club's area. Scarce in the period January to March, with the largest flocks being 50 at Mill Green on January 11,30 at Jackson's Coppice on January 1, and 30 at the Punch Bowl area of Cannock Chase on February 7.15 were early at Keele on August 23. Birds more generally distributed from October to December, with flocks of 100 at Mill Green on September 15,30 at Belvide on November 19,40at Blithfield on December 2, 100 at Westport on December 18, 108 at Jackson's Coppice on December 26 and finally 200 at Chasewater and 55 on Downs Banks on December 29. W Mid Very scarce in the first winter period, with records from only four localities and of no more than two. Very early autumn birds were in the Sandwell Valley on July 23 (two) and August 7. Thereafter, more records of note, with up to 12 at Sheepwash U.P. in October and November, 35 in Sandwell Valley on December 3, 60 at Sheepwash U.P. on December 29, 25 at Hayhead Wood on December 30 and 50 in alders at Monkspath on December 31. Records from six other sites.

Linnet Warks No breeding information of significance received apart from five pairs at Alvecote. Records from 13 sites in winter; the average flock size was 35 in the first period and 75 in the second, excluding the regular flock of up to 250 at Draycote, in November and December. Maxima were 65 at Brandon on February 27, 50 at Stoneton on March 13, 52 at Lighthorne on April 21, 75 at Flints Wood on September 4,150 at Kingsbury on September 17 and 65 at Judkins Quarry on November 6. Worcs A large increase in the breeding population around the Malverns, with 77 territories (1987: 49). The largest flocks noted in the first winter period were 75 at Astley Cross on January 5,100 at Stourport on January 20,130 at Norton on February 3, 75 at Holt on April 4, and 100 near The Burg on April 11. Peak counts in autumn featured a remarkable 880 at Church Lench on September 22, 200 at Charford on October 12, 40 at Grafton on October 7, 100 at Larford on October 29, 60 at Bredon's Hardwick on November 20, and 50 at Bittell on December 17. Staffs Two pairs bred on Doxey CBC plot. In spring, flocks of over 30 at Elford on April 16 and 80 at Upper Hatton on April 19. From summer onwards, 40 on Keele golf course on July 21, over 200 at Barton and Elford in July, over 100 at Chasewater on August 19, 41 at Essington on August 30, 40 at Tittesworth on September 20, 165 in fields to west of Drayton Bassett on November 29, over 100 at Elford in December and 145 at Kingswood, on December 10. WMid 10 to 12 pairs bred in the Sandwell Valley, two pairs in Valley Park and probably bred at Sheepwash U.P. Also noted in the breeding season at Stubbers Green. Up to 100 at Park Lime Pits from January 1 until April 9 160

and 25 at Barnfordhill Park, Oldbury on January 16. Spring records came from Sutton Park (returning to areas of gorse from eariy March), Netherton (60 on April 8), and Clayhanger (120 on April 15). Autumn congregations consisted of 110 on Barr Beacon on July 16, 100 at Ounstall Park on September 27, 60 at Sheepwash U.P. from October 14 to 19, and 35 at Monkspath on December 31.

Twite Staffs Recorded during the breeding season at Drystone Edge, Oliver Hill, Knotbury, Goldsitch Moss and Gib Torr, several observers. Elsewhere, maximum of 15 at Knotbury on May 30 JCE-D. One flew over Westport on November 5 WJL, NC. Three at Tittesworth on December 17 remained to the year's end. W Mid Three at Oueslett N.P. on January 27 remained until at least March 5, when they had dwindled to two JEF.

Redpoll Warks Possibly bred at Bentley and Ladywalk. Records received from only 11 sites in winter. Maxima of 30 at Brandon and Kinwalsey in January, 40 at Wood End, near Tamworth on February 22, 30 at Ladywalk on September 25, 50 at Farnborough on December 11 and 22 at Whitacre Heath on December 24. Worcs Breeding season records from Croome, Hartlebury Common (three pairs), Wyre Forest, and Veald Wood. Many reports of small parties of up to 10 in the non-breeding season, with the largest flocks being 23 at Castlemorton Common on January 15, 35 at Trench Wood on January 18, 20 at Nunnery Wood on February 14, over 20 just south of Worcester on March 6, over 100 in the Wyre Forest on April 30, 27 at Church Lench on September 22, and 30 at Upton Warren on September 24. Staffs Two pairs bred at Doxey and a female, with juvenile, were seen at Westport on June 29.75 at Kinver during January, 34 at Westport on March 30, over 200 at Hazelslade on April 14, 57 at Lordsley on April 17 and 20 at Blithfield on April 19. The only second winter records came from Kinver, where a flock of 10 on October 23 had increased to 70 by December 4. WMid Suspected breeding from Deepfields in Coseley, Sandwell Valley, Sheepwash U.P. and Valley Park. Flocks of note in the first winter period were 22 at Sandwell Valley on January 8 and 15-20 at Sutton Park on March 1. In autumn, 18 at Fens Pools on October 4 and 20 at Sandwell Valley on October 20 and one there with a white head on December 11. Smaller numbers from eight other sites.

Mealy Redpoll Staffs One with the characteristics of this race was at Hazelslade, in amongst 200 Redpoll on April 14 DJA. 161

Crossbill Few records again this year. Warks One flew over Astley Gorse, near New Arley on August 6. Worcs Four atTrimpley on May 8, two at Broadway on June 29 and 10 in the Wyre Forest on October 8. Staffs One at Beaudesert on January 10 and 12 at Hanchurch Hills on June 15. Noted flying over Belvide on July 3, over Kinver on March 13, July 26, October 15 (several) and October 23 (a female). Two flew over Westport on October 29 and one on December 23. W Mid Three flew south-west over Kingstanding, calling loudly, on August 10.

Bullfinch Warks In the breeding season, three pairs at Alvecote and 10 pairs at Ladywalk/ Hams Hall Power Station. Maxima in winter of 30 at Brandon, 16 at Combrook and 11 at Ladywalk. Worcs Recorded at 21 localities, the largest parties being over 10 at Church Lench, and 15 at Yeald Wood, both on January 5. Staffs Two pairs bred at Westport. Twelve were seen at Belvide on January 10 and six in a willow thicket on Swallow Moss on January 14. W Mid One or two pairs bred at Park Lime Pits, at least 15 pairs in the Sandwell Valley, at least 10 pairs along Valley Park and two pairs on wasteland at Willenhall. Also reported at seven other localities. Reported as being quite a rarity on the north-east side of Sutton Park, with only two records throughout the year!

Hawfinch Inadequate data makes the 1984-88 figure inaccurate, but the increase seems to have levelled off. Continues to remain elusive and restricted mostly to a few favoured haunts.

1964-6B 1969-73 1974-76 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 69 117 157 258 222

Warks Two at Compton Verney on November 30. Worcs 'Breeding recorded at undisclosed sites in central Worcs (three pairs), and South Worcs. Numbers at Chase End Hill built up from eight on January 15 to 16 on March 27, subsequently decreasing to three by April 9. Two at Hillditch Coppice on March 27, two in the Wyre Forest on March 13, with one there on April 3. Singles at Wickhamford on June 12 and July 23, and a pair in the south-west of the county on April 14. Staffs Up to six at Lower Avenue, Chillington from January to April. Birds at this locality gave excellent views in the autumn with a remarkable flock of 30 being seen on December 9, 20 being found in one tree alone. Elsewhere, singles at Belvide on November 19 and December 31.

Snow Bunting After a poor showing in the preceding five-year period, an upsurge in 162

records has occurred in the last five with 1987 having 20 of them. Numbers are known to fluctuate, are probably climatic and may reflect the mild winters.

1964-68 1969-73 1974-78 1979-83 1984-88

No of birds 31 30 36 10 49

Warks Females or immatures were seen at Wellesbourne Airfield on December 25 PFA and at Alvecote on December 30 and 31 GAA. Worcs One at the top of Happy Valley on November 1 SMW, and another on North Hill on November 24 PFR. Staffs A pair in the Boarsgrove area on March 12 and 13 BDC, LC. A male and immature at Kingswood on December 5 to 6 GE and three males and two females or immatures were at the same site on December 18 to 31 GE, DJA.

WMid A winter-plumaged male at Brades Hall, Oldbury on November 13 GkV.

Yellowhammer Warks The best flocks were in January. 40 at Birchmoor on 24, 100 at Farnborough on 3 and 50, throughout, at White Stitch, Packington. Worcs An increase in the breeding population of the Malvern area with 69 territories (1987: 44). The only sizable flocks reported were 150 at Interfield on December 18, and up to 100 at Upton Warren 'during the winter'. Staffs Eight singing birds at Belvide. Flocks of over 60 at Brewood on January 10, 140 near Hopwas Wood on January 16, and 32 at Blithfield on March 13. Over 60 at Elford on July 14 and 80 below the dam at Blithfield on December 13. WMid Bred at Fens Pools, Four Oaks, Park Lime Pits (at least four pairs) and Sandwell Valley (14 singing males) and probably in Sutton Park. Also reported throughout the year in good numbers in the Knowle area, with singing birds noted at Monkspath and along Valley Park (although disappeared from the latter site in mid-March). Notable concentrations included 29 at Fens Pools on February 5 and 30 at Valley Park on February 12. The only sizable flock in the second winter period was 60 birds in the Sandwell Valley on December 27. Reed Bunting Warks Seven pairs at Alvecote, two at Arley, two at Bedworth, and nine at The Somers. Winter gatherings included 23 roosting at Eathorpe on February 21, 33 at Ladywalk feeding stations on January 22 and a maximum of 45 at The Somers in February. In the second winter period, 50 at Corley Moor and 95 in The Somers area in November. Worcs 60 breeding pairs were estimated along the Lower Avon Valley. Four pairs bred at Aston Mill Pit, two pairs at Beckford, Bredon's Hardwick, Castlemorton Common and Church Lench, five pairs along the Droitwich 163

Canal between Porters Mill and Briar Mill, three pairs at Lower Moor, three pairs at Offenham, and 25 pairs at Upton Warren. A single male at Stanford Bridge on April 20 was regarded as unusual in that area. Largest flocks were 20 at Bittell on September 25,15 Abberton on October 31,15 at Church Lench on November 27 and up to 20 at Interfield on December 18. Staffs Four pairs bred at Westport and 21 pairs on Doxey CBC plot. Over 50 at Elford on February 15, 25 at Belvide on February 22 and 20 on November 11. WMid Breeding confirmed at Fens Pools (three pairs), Park Lime Pits (at least five pairs), Plantsbrook Reservoir, Sandwell Valley (28 singing males), Sheepwash U.P. (one or two pairs) and Valley Park (at least two pairs). Also noted in the breeding season from Knowle, Stubbers Green, Sutton Park and Willenhall. At Park Lime Pits, up to 24 between January 1 and March 5, with up to 12 noted at Sheepwash U.P. in October and November. Reported from three other sites, including two from gardens.

Corn Bunting Warks Singing birds reported from Birchmoor, Grendon and Wasperton (seven). Roosts, in winter, were present at Dordon (45 on November 26) and Eathorpe (35 in February, 25 in November). Others were observed, often en route to roosts, at Lea Marston (max. 27) and Wasperton (30). Worcs Three pairs bred at Bretforton, pairs at Broadway and Fladbury, and two pairs at Hinton on the Green, and Wickhamford. The only flock reported was 40 at Throckmorton rubbish tip in both autumn and winter. Staffs Song reported from Alrewas, Barton (two), Blithfield (two), Elford (15), High Offley (three), Kings Bromley to Fradley (10), Kingswood (3), Little Aston, Pottal Pool, Seisdon, Shipley, Swindon, Trysull, Watford Gap to Little Hay (three), Whittington, Whitemoor Hay (three). Wintering flocks were found at Chasewater (39), Elford (30), and Trescott (20). Two fed on a bird table at Belvide in January. W Mid Only breeding season record was two in the Four Oaks area during June, where less noticeable than in previous years. 16 roosted on Longmoor in Sutton Park on March 31. Reported from the Sandwell Valley on January 31 (two), February 7 (five), September 13 (one) and December 27 (two). Otherwise five along Hobs Hole Lane, Aldridge on October 2.

Exotica

Chilean Flamingo Warks One at Draycote on July 8, 10 and 24.

Flamingo sp. Staffs One remained in the Tad Bay at Blithfield from June 7 to June 12. It was thought to be a Greater Flamingo. 164

Bar-headed Goose Worcs One at Holt from July 30 to August 14 visited Grimley on August 16 and September 1, Westwood on August 28 and from October 2 to November 26 and Upton Warren on September 10. W Mid One at Bradnock's Marsh on October 24.

Ruddy Shelduck

Worcs Singles at Grimley on January 5 and Holt on January 23.

Muooovy Duok

WMid A feral pair bred at Walsall Arboretum Lake, producing four young.

Ringed Teal Worcs One at Upton Warren on January 10 and from August 29 to September 25 has been present at this locality for several years. Chestnut Teal Warks Two at Draycote on October 8.

Bahama Pintail

Worcs One on the River Severn at Worcester for about three weeks from April 29.

Chukar

Worcs One at Bredon's Norton on May 14.

Golden Pheasant

Staffs A freshly dead bird was found by Folly Wood, near Loggerheads on June 2.

Barbary Dove Worcs Singles at Eckington on April 23 and Cropthorne on June 16. Fischer's Love Bird WMid One seen on the side of the canal at Birchills, Walsall on July 23. Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Staffs The Chillington bird was still roosting with corvids. It was first seen in 1976.

Cockatlel Warks One at Ladywalk on August 22. Worcs One, described as the yellow and white lutino varity, at Wickhamford on July 17. Others at Upton Warren on August 15, Abberton in early August and another on August 29 and Evesham from September 30 to October 2. Staffs Singles at Westport on February 21, Doxey on March 5, Kinver on May 17 and Chasewater on September 7. WMid A bird at Park Lime Pits on September 10. 165

Pied Cockatiel Staffs One at Stretton on August 4.

Lorikeet Worcs One flew over Evesham on December 30.

Budgerigar Staffs One at Westport on April 19. W Mid A blue phase at Willenhall on September 13 and a green phase found dead in Willenhall M.P. on November 6.

Canary

Warks A white bird was at Ladywalk from December 29 into 1989.

Ringing In 19B8 1988 was a most interesting and rewarding year for ringers, with 98 species of birds ringed within the area. Annual returns received from individual ringe'rs and Secretaries of the major ringing groups within the area show a total of 11198 birds ringed during the season. The total includes several species rarely ringed within the West Midlands including Great Crested Grebe, Waxwing, Black Grouse, Turnstone, Curlew Sandpiper, Pectoral Sandpiper, Shag, Gannet and Manx Shearwater— the latter three species were storm victims and were taken back to the coast after ringing and released. There were no reports of finches and thrushes congregating in substantial roosting numbers during the January/February and November/December periods. Most of the thrushes ringed (76%), were Blackbirds, with Redwing and Fieldfares forming only 11% of the thrush total. Greenfinches formed 47% of the total finches ringed, most being caught at nutbags, while the mildness of the weather was again reflected in the fact that only 2% of the finches caught were Siskins, there being sufficient natural food available to keep them out of gardens. The pattern of ringing for tits and warblers remained the same as for 1987, Blue Tits and Great Tits constituting the largest percentage (30%) of the total birds ringed within the area, while Willow Warblers and Blackcaps again were the predominant species of warbler, forming 28% and 19% respectively of the total warblers caught. Interestingly, three times as many Reed Warblers as Sedge Warblers were ringed, compared with a 2:1 factor over the last two years. The most encouraging aspect of the year was the increase in the number of hirundines caught at roost, especially Sand Martins which showed an increase of 30% on 1987. The excellent breeding season ensured a high percentage of young birds in the late summer population and large numbers of nestlings were also ringed. Many Pied Flycatcher chicks were again ringed in the Wyre Forest and a total of 43 Common Tern chicks were ringed at Kingsbury. 166

Ringing of Mule Swan cygnets was 70% up on the 1987 totals and the number of Grey Heron nestlings ringed was also increased by 12%. In December 1988, a total of 84 Wigeon was ringed at Blithfield Reservoir in response to an investigation on behalf of the Wildfowl Trust. Although previous ringing projects have successfully mapped the migration routes and origins of this species, there is, nevertheless, little understanding of their movements once they reach Britain and it is hoped that our West Midland colour ringing project will make a major contribution to furthering our understanding of this important species. Another exciting new project coming to the fore in 1988 was the Black Redstart Survey. The study was initiated to investigate the breeding biology of this species and involves the closest of co-operation between ringers and birdwatchers. Already, many adults and nestlings have been colour ringed in an effort to determine their dispersal and faithfulness to natal and/or breeding sites. Recoveries in 1988 continued to give a rich and exciting variety with Black-headed Gulls from Germany, Lithuania and Scandinavia, as well as West Midland ringed birds, being recovered in the USSR, the Netherlands, Scandinavia and Germany. Thrushes and finches also figure prominently, with Blackbirds to Denmark and Finland, a Fieldfare to Sweden, a Chaffinch to Belgium and a Siskin from Belgium. Longevity records are numerous, with a Mute Swan at least 20 years of age, Canada Geese of minimum ages 12 and 10 years and a 6V2-year-old Blue Tit. Other records show minimum ages of 10 and 14 years for Black-headed Gulls and 12 and 8 years for Swifts. Finally, may I express my thanks to all the ringers who have, over the past year, sent in their ringing recoveries. A E Coleman Ringing Secretary MAP OF FOREIGN RECOVERIES * Ringed West Midlands recovered abroad Ringed abroad recovered West Midlands

B = Black-headed Gull, b = Blackbird, F = Fieldfare, C = Chaffinch, S = Siskin: 168

Selected List of Recoveries Involving the WMBC Area Entries are arranged by species and, within species, by recovery date. Ringing details are given on the first line and recovery details on the second. This report includes recoveries for 1988 and previously unpublished recoveries for earlier years. All foreign recoveries and movements of greater than 100 kilometres (62 miles) are included. Treatment of movements of less than 100 kilometres depends' on the species involved.

Key:

Age at Ringing: Sex: Pull Pullus (nestling) M Male Juv Juvenile (young able to fly) F Female 1V Bird in its first year Manner of Recovery: 2Y Bird in its second year v Caught and released with ring Ad Adult (at least one year old) + Shot or killed Fg Full grown (age uncertain) x Found dead or dying vv Ring read in field ? Manner of recovery unknown

Species Ringer Ring No. Age/Sex Dale Place Movement

Grey Heron

1095970 Pull 07.05.83 Gailey Reservoir (Staffs) MRG X 03.05.88 Near Eccleshall (Staffs) 21km 321deg

Mute Swan Z23335 Ad 26.07.69 Stratford on Avon. (Warks) JAH V 01.09.87 Warwick (Warks) 14km 57deg Z60712 2Y 24.05.87 Worcester WRG vv 06.10.87 Rhyl (Clwyd) 150km 326deg Z43358 Pull 29.07.79 Rolleslon, Nr. Burton (Staffs) AEC v 24.09.88 Near Street (Lanes) 142km 330deg

Canada Goose 5069405 Pull 05.07.75 Hall Green, Birmingham (W Mid) CDTM vv 09.08.87 Smethwick (W Mid) 7km 321deg 5082077 Pull 25.06.77 West Branston (Staffs) CDTM + 15.12.87 Tatenhill, Burton (Staffs) 4km 343deg 5086127 Pull 10.07.77 Drakelow (Derbys) CDTM + 15.12.87 Tatenhill, Burton (Staffs) 2km 329deg 5126582 Ad 01.07.84 Kings Bromley (Staffs) MRG X 05.05.88 Skipton (N Yorks) 137km355deg 169

Black-headed Gull 5246034 Pull 20.06.81 Lehrte-Zuckerlabrik, Luneburg FRGermany + 05.08.81 Gaydon (Warks) 779km 269deg 232549 Pull 20.06.84 Lake Kretounas, Lithuania V 22.02.87 Throckmorton (Worcs) 1881km 678563 Pull • 15.06.81 Farsund, Norway V 22.02.87 Throckmorton (Worcs) 854km EH70538 2Y 17.01.81 Madeley Heath, Bromsgrove (Worcs) PI X 21.06.87 Parfinsk Region, Novgorod, USSR 2229km 74deg EH96316 2Y 19.02.83 Madeley Heath, Bromsgrove (Worcs) PI vv 12.10 87 Ainsdale (Merseyside) 150km 334deg EH12606 Ad 16.01.77 Evesham (Worcs) CMH vv 12.12.87 Plympton, Plymouth (Devon) 237km 217deg 6090063 Ad 05.04.86 Utterslav Mose, Sjaelland, Denmark X 15.12.87 Blithfield Reservoir (Staffs) 989km 251deg EP27931 Ad 29.11.87 Throckmorton (Worcs) SEGG V 17.01.88 Pitsea (Essex) 186km EK56403 Ad 17.01.87 Majors Green, Nr. Solihull (W Mid) PI vv 28.02.88 Dordrecht, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands 450km 98deg EN91207 Ad 23.01.88 Majors Green, Nr. Solihull (W Mid) PI V 09.03.88 Sompting, Worthing (Sussex) 201km 149deg EK56500 Fg 17.01.87 Majors Green, Nr. Solihull (W Mid) PI V 27.06.88 Hortlax, Norrbotten, Sweden EH96134 Fg 16.01.82 Majors Green, Nr. Solihull (W Mid) PI V 15.06.88 Valbacken, Brunflo, Jamtland, Sweden EJ45037 1Y 09.02.80 Cannock (Staffs) MRG VV 02.08.88 Brouwersdam, Zeeland, Netherlands 411km 105deg EH96408 Juv 07.12.85 Majors Green, Nr. Solihull (W Mid) PI v 05.09.88 Skanderborg and Ry, Jylland, Denmark EF82814 2Y 01.01.74 Cannock (Staffs) CDTM X 28.09.88 Great Barr (W Mid) 17km 169deg EK56204 1Y 18.01.86 Majors Green, Solihull (W Mid) PI v 02.10.88 Jegindo, Jylland, Denmark EK46273 1Y 07.12.85 Majors Green, Nr. Solihull (W Mid) PI V 16.11.88 Nordfreisische Inseln, W Germany

Lesser Black-backed Gull GG07115 Pull 02.06.82 Isle of May (Scotland) SEGG v 29.11 87 Throckmorton (Worcs) 452km GP76135 Fg • 22.02.87 Throckmorton (Worcs) SEGG V 07.06.87 Fame Islands (Northumberland) 388km GK79257 Pull 25.05.78 Flanders Moss (Scotland) SEGG V 29.11.87 Throckmorton (Worcs) 469km GG28612 Pull 13.06.86 Firth of.Forth (Scotland) SEGG V 29.11.87 Throckmorton (Worcs) 439km GJ17047 Fg 17.01.87 Majors Green, Nr. Solihull (W Mid) PI V 22.08.88 South Walney (Cumbria) 204km

Swift SA30668 Ad 20.07.75 Bescot, Walsall (W Mid) V 17.05.87 Sutton Coldfield (W Mid) 10km SA55956 Ad 01.06.80 Brandon (Warks) BRG X 12.06.88 Wyken, Coventry (Warks) 170

Sand Martin C6151-13 Juv 22.08.86 Stubborc Groon, Aldridgo (W Mid) MRG — V 26.06.88 Aberdeen (Scotland) 500km 385deg E498945 Juv 20.07.88 Chasewater (Staffs) MRG V 24.07.88 Rye Meads (Hertfordshire) 165km 126deg E498702 Pull 28.06.88 Chasewater (Staffs) MRG V 02.08.88 Icklesham (Sussex) 266km 137deg C393768 Juv 13.07.88 Grimley, Hallow (Worcs) WRG V 02.08.88 Icklesham (Sussex) 250km 120deg E222812 Ad 05.06.88 Cornets End, Meriden (W Mid) PI V 21.08.88 Icklesham (Sussex) 234km 136deg

Swallow • E834200 Pull 05.07.88 Ballynahinch, Down (N Ireland) V 05.09.88 Betley Mere (Staffs) 282km 124deg Dunnock C511904 Juv 01.09.87 Hornsea (Humberside) V 01.02.88 Tamworth (Staffs) 174km 216deg Blackbird RA23574 Ad 15.01.87 Ribbesford (Worcs) JRM V 04.11.87 Christianse, Bornholm, Denmark 1196km74deg RB98990 1Y 06.12.87 Keele University (Staffs) JAL V 30.03.88 Blavand, Jylland, Denmark 728km 67deg XB83593 Ad.M 06.01.82 West Heath, Birmingham (W Mid) CMH X 18.07.88 Northfield, Birmingham (W Mid) 2km 329deg RA78239 Ad.M 17.01.88 Eathorpe (Warks) BRG X 20.07.88 Parainen, Finland 1714km 59deg Fieldfare RA78074 Ad.M 17.01.87 Alfrick (Worcs) WRG X 04.05.88 Sunne, Varmland, Sweden 1284km 49deg Sedge Warbler C517346 1Y 13.07.86 Dordon (Warks) MRG V 08.05.88 Clifton (Notts) 45km 42deg Reed Warbler B845402 Pull 15.07.84 Rostherne (Cheshire) BRG V 22.05.88 Brandon (Warks) 125km B833793 Juv.M 16.07.83 Droitwich (Worcs) WRG V 27.05.88 Brandon (Warks) 51km 73deg Blackcap E925716 Juv.M 16.07.88 Brandon (Warks) BRG V 15.09.88 Minster, Sheppey (Kent) 187km Willow Warbler 7J1681 Juv 11.07.87 Lea Marston (Warks) MRG V 08.08.87 Bedfont Quarry (Greater ) 148km145deg 1N2452 Juv.M 02.07.88 Wigan (Greater Manchester) V 31.07.88 Trentham Pit (Staffs) 71km 166deg Pied Flycatcher C626245 Pull 17.06.85 Ribbesford, Bewdley (Worcs) JRM v 14.05.88 Wyre Forest, Bewdley (Worcs) 4km 343deg 171

C972391 Pull 08.06.87 Worcester (Worcs) WRG v 21.05.88 Nagshead, Parkend (Glos) 45km 199deg B5369 84 Pull 12.06.83 Old Storridge (Worcs) WRG v 04.06.88 Llanwrtyd Wells (Powys) 91km259deg Bearded Tit E726732 Juv.M 15.08.88 Stodmarsh (Kent) v 30.10.88 Brandon (Warks) 217km E731064 Fg 04.09.88 Slodmarsh (Kent) v 30.10.88 Brandon (Warks) 217km Blue Tit A971524 Pull 06,06.81 Sutton Coldfield (W Mid) MRG 31.01.88 Sutton Coldfield (W Mid) 1km90deg C528454 1Y 24.10.85 Gloucester (Glos) 11.03.86 Bedworth, Nuneaton (Warks) 85km 37deg Great Tit E548145 1Y.M 28.11.87 Hale, Nr. Widnes (Cheshire) v 18.02.88 Barlaston (Staffs) 48km 360deg B867434 Juv.M 19.12.83 Bewdley (Worcs) JRM x 15.03.88 Bewdley (Worcs) 0km 360deg Starling XJ36961 Juv 17.06.81 Cannock (Staffs) MRG U1.03.88 Littleover (Derbys) 40km 52deg XJ36292 Ad 24.07.81 Sutton Coldfield (WMid) MRG 19.05.88 Sutton Coldlield (WMid) 0km 360deg Chaffinch C172163 2Y.M 28.01.86 Stourport (Worcs) WRG v 13.10.87 Essen, Antwerpen, Belgium 475km 101deg C812216 Ad.M 31.12.86 Hopwas Wood (Staffs) MRG 06.02.88 Huddersfield (West Yorks) 102km 3deg Greenfinch VB45611 Juv.F 01.02.87 Ealhorpe (Warks) BRG v 07.04.87 Foulness (Essex) 179km Siskin BLB1434914 Juv.F 15.10.81 De Panne, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium vv 12.04.86 Shustoke Reservoir (Warks) 332km 298deg C811420 Juv.M 09.03.86 Wolverhampton (W Mid) MRG v 14.04.87 Forres, Grampian Region (Scotland) 563km 350deg Reed Bunting A19935 Juv.M 27.08.84 Perelle, Guernsey (Channel Islands) 26.04.86 Sutton Park (W Mid) 350km 9deg

Contributors Brandon Ringing Group Dr W Jackson , J Mountford D Emily A Lawrence R Simister P Fontana Mercian Ringing Group Wychavon Ringing Group P Ireland 172

Key to Contributors

The following members and non-members have forwarded material for the Report.

D J Abbott M P Cormack F C Gribble G Allan S Croft J L Allton A Curran P Mackett G A Arnold P A Curry Mrs S Hadley M A Arnold M C Hall N G Arnold Mrs K Dale A Hancock J A Asbury D Deakin S C Hancox K Aslett A Dean R E Harbird P F Alherton A R Dean J Harnes A T Atkinson P K Dedicoat S L Haycox G B Degg G M Hayes M Badger J Deimel S M Haynes P Badger H Dennanl T W Haynes M Baines A Dickie R F W Hemming F Baldry I Dix T Hextell V A Baldry A K Dolphin S G Hextell D A Barnes B Draper J M Heynes Banbury Ornithological Society M Draycote J Hickson N P Barlow R Duckhouse J K Higginson A D Barter S P Dudley R Hill L R Bayes IG Duncan T M Hinelt M J Beale S M Dungey Miss B Hodgkinson J T Belsey W Dutton J J Holian J S Bennett J Holtham M E Blunt R Eagles J V Holtham A Blurst M J Eccleshall G Hopkins M 0 Boole D W Emley A Howells T Boyce G Evans R R Howl Brandon Marsh Conservation T Evans S J Huggins Group J C Eyre-Dickinson G C Hunt I D Broadbent D Hutton R C Broadbent M Faulkner P D Hyde. L A Brown R Fletcher R F E Butler P C Fontana M J Inskipp R Butt P Forbes G H C Bylord A M Ford J E Fortey W T Jackson G Carter J F Forty A F Jacobs L Carter S Jaggs N Carter N D Galloway G F James B 0 Carthy E A Gardener M D James L Carthy P G Garner R M R James S L Cawthray A Garton R J Jennett J A Chidwick G I Giles D A Jennings ES Clare T Giles Mrs G N Jones K G Clifford A Glover P Jones • J Clifton D Goodwin B J Cochrane Mrs T Gorlon M J Kennedy T Cockburn D N Gosling D J Kightley J R Collison N G Greatholder R J King J Copper J Green B L Kington Corley Rocks Birders Mrs S J Green A Knapton 173

P S Lathbury S Nuttall P F Stewart J A Lawrence F G Stokes C BLee K B Oliver K R Stone J Lennon C C Owen Mrs J Stratford B Lewis M Sutton J Liggins A Palmer TC E Link D Parr J Taylor S M Lister C G Peach A S Thompson 0 I Long Pensnett Wildlife Group C J Timmins E W Longman G H Peplow N Topliss 0 Lovatt W F Peplow J M Turner K L Loveridge T A Perry M E Turner G Lowe W J Lowe H S Quiney 0 T Underhill R S Lucking 1 Lycett J Raby K Verrall B Reavey I R Machin J Reece S W Walker J R Mann P F Rhodes J Walton G J Mant I N Ricketts P J Ward G R Martin J H W Ridley R JWardle J P Martin G Robinson T Ware C Mason C Roe K Warmington K Mason D H Rogers A Warr S R Mawby P J Rollin Warwickshire Natural History B H Mitchell S A Roper Museum D Mitchell M D Rowbottom J Watts A Moore M J Whalley Mrs S J Moore D J Scanlan A Whitehead N J Morgan S Seal PF Whitehead M Muddiman M A Shepherd 1 C Whitehouse J G McGregor-Smith A I Sherlock S M Whitehouse S M McNeal M Shirley F Whiting C McShane D J Simkin J Wilkinson J H Sirrett S Williams P P Newell H Skinner J R Winsper J L Newman R Skinner A J Wood P S Newman • Smallshire G Wood burn S Newman M Smart M G Woodhams G K Nicholls F Smith G Woodin 0 Nichols N J Smith G J Woodin S 0 Norman R K Soulhall G T Woodin A Normand M Squire M Woodward R Normand J O Stanney D Wynn-Jones Nuneaton & District O Stanton Birdwatcher's Club M Stephens Dr D W Yalden

Submission of Records All contributors are asked to refer to A Checklist of the West Midlands and a Guide to Status and Record Submission Second Edition (1989) for full guidance on the submission of records. All records should be sent to the County Recorders as soon after the year end as possible. Records received beyond February may not get included and those received after that seriously hold the report up. 174

A full description is not necessary for the less rare or difficult species, but enough to show how the species was identified. Such descriptions should be accompanied by brief details of the circumstances of the report and the observer's experience of the species and other, similar species. Lack of proper descriptions may lead to records being rejected.

Records of the following species will not be published unless they are supported by adequate descriptions.

All national rarities (not published unless accepted by the British Birds Rarities Committee) All out-of-season migrants Unusual races Divers Grebes, other than Great Crested or Little Petrels and Shearwaters Gannetand Shag Herons other than Grey Storks and Spoonbill Whooper Swan Geese, other than Canada, Greylag and feral Snow and Barnacle Ducks: Ruddy Shelduck, Red-crested Pochard, Ferruginous Duck, Eider, Long- tailed Duck, all Scoter spp except Common, Smew, Red-breasted Merganser Birds of Prey, except Sparrowhawk, Buzzard, Kestrel and Hobby Quail and Golden Pheasant Crakes other than Water Rail Waders: Avocet, Stone-Curlew, Kentish Plover, Dotterel, Temmincks's Stint, Pectoral Sandpiper, Purple Sandpiper, Bull-breasted Sandpiper, Phalaropes Skuas Gulls: Mediterranean, Sabine's, Iceland, Glaucous and Ring-billed Terns: Roseate Auks Ring-necked Parakeet Long-eared Owl (summer only) Hoopoe and Wryneck Woodlark and Shorelark Pipits: Richard, Tawny and Water Wagtails: Blue-headed and other flava races, White (autumn only) Bluethroat, Black Redstart Warblers: Cetti's, Savi's, Marsh, Icterine, Melodious, Dartford, Yellow-Browed, Barred, Aquatic Firecrest Red-breasted Flycatcher Golden Oriole Shrikes Chough, Hooded Crow, Raven (except Malverns) Finches: Serin, Twite, Mealy Redpoll Buntings: Lapland, Snow, Cirl and Ortolan Charles Clarke Printers Limited (0444) 440244