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About Bulgaria
Source: Zone Bulgaria (http://en.zonebulgaria.com/) About Bulgaria General Information about Bulgaria Bulgaria is a country in Southeastern Europe and is situated on the Balkan Peninsula. To the north the country borders Rumania, to the east – the Black Sea, to the south – Turkey and Greece, and to the west – Yugoslavia and Macedonia. Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic with a National Assembly (One House Parliament) of 240 national representatives. The President is Head of State. Geography of Bulgaria The Republic of Bulgaria covers a territory of 110 993 square kilometres. The average altitude of the country is 470 metres above sea level. The Stara Planina Mountain occupies central position and serves as a natural dividing line from the west to the east. It is a 750 km long mountain range stretching from the Vrushka Chuka Pass to Cape Emine and is part of the Alpine-Himalayan mountain range. It reaches the Black Sea to the east and turns to the north along the Bulgarian-Yugoslavian border. A natural boundary with Romania is the Danube River, which is navigable all along for cargo and passenger vessels. The Black Sea is the natural eastern border of Bulgaria and its coastline is 378 km long. There are clearly cut bays, the biggest two being those of Varna and Bourgas. About 25% of the coastline are covered with sand and hosts our seaside resorts. The southern part of Bulgaria is mainly mountainous. The highest mountain is Rila with Mt. Moussala being the highest peak on the Balkan Peninsula (2925 m). The second highest and the mountain of most alpine character in Bulgaria is Pirin with its highest Mt. -
Europe`S Population Change 2007-2050 LATVIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION -22.4% -24.3%
About the authors: Imprint Assoc. Prof. Georgi Burdarov is a PhD in Geography of the population and settlements, Head of the Department of Socio-economic Geography and Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Responsible: Geology and Geography of Sofia University "St. Helene Kortländer | Director, FES Bulgaria Kliment Ohridski ", expert in demography and Tel.: +359 2 980 8747 | Fax: +359 2 980 2438 Horizon 2030 ethno-religious conflicts. http://www.fes-bulgaria.org Horizon 2030 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nadezhda Ilieva, PhD, is Head of Orders the Department Section of Economic and Social DemographicDemographic TendenciesTendencies Geography of the Department of Geography at the National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Commercial use of all media published by the Geography at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) is not permitted without the written consent of the FES. inin BulgariaBulgaria © Cover foto: Ivan Stoimenov Sofia, 2018 Georgi Bardarov Nadezhda Ilieva The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily ISBN 978-954-2979-39-5 those of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung or of the organization for which the author works. HORIZON 2030 DEMOGRAPHIC TENDENCIES IN BULGARIA Content 1. Abstract . 2 2. Introduction . 3 3. Dynamics and Development of the Population of Bulgaria since the Beginning of the 21st century . 4 4. Contemporary demographic trends, and reproductive and migratory attitudes in Europe . 6 5. Demographic Measures and Policies in Europe . 11 6. Demographic Trends and Processes in Bulgaria and Demographic Forecast up to 2030. Territorial peculiarities . 13 6 .1 Methodology . 14 6 .2 Demographic Forecast of the Population of Bulgaria . Territorial Features . .. 15 6 .3 Regional Features in the Depopulation Processes . -
(Diptera, Tabanidae) of the Sakar Mountain, Bulgaria
Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp 17-21, 2009 Copyright © 2009 Trakia University Available online at: http://www.uni-sz.bg ISSN 1313-7050 (print) ISSN 1313-3551 (online) Original Contribution NEW DATA ON THE TABANIDS FAUNA (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE) OF THE SAKAR MOUNTAIN, BULGARIA D. Ganeva* Department of Biology and aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Bulgaria SUMMARY A study was carried out on tabanids fauna of the Sakar Mountain, Bulgaria in 2005 and 2008. As a result of the study a total of 550 ♀ and 30 ♂ specimens of the Tabanidae family have been collected and processed. They belong to 19 species of 6 genera as follows: Chrysops (2 species), Hybomitra (1 species), Tabanus (9 species), Haematopota (3 species), Dasyrhamphis (2 species) and Philipomyia (2 species). Twelve of the established species are reported for the first time for the Sakar Mountain fauna. Zoogeographically Mediterranean faunistic elements predominate in the studied region (63.16 %). Key words: tabanids, fauna, new localities, Sakar mountain, Bulgaria. INTRODUCTION continue and extend the studies of tabanids fauna in the Sakar Mountain. The Sakar Mountain is one of the lowest Bulgarian mountains1 Its main part is in the MATERIALS AND METHODS Tundzha hilly lowland subregion (Middle Bulgarian biogeographical region) and its Tabanids fauna on the Sakar Mountain has southern parts – in the Lower Maritsa-Lower been studied by the route method. A total of Tundzha subregion (South Bulgarian 18 localities on the mountain were studied in biogeographical region) (1). According to June-July 2005 and June-July 2008. The (2), the mountain is detached in the material was gathered by a standard independent Sakar-Dervent biogeographical entomological net with duration of the catch region (part of the Balkan biogeographical being 30 min. -
Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Some Other Invertebrates from the Managed Nature Reserves “Dolna Topchiya”
ECOLOGIA BALKANICA 2017, Vol. 9, Issue 1 June 2017 pp. 63-77 Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Some Other Invertebrates from the Managed Nature Reserves “Dolna Topchiya” and “Balabana” (Lower Valley of the River of Tundzha, Bulgaria) Teodora M. Teofilova* Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research (IBER), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, BULGARIA * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. The invertebrate fauna of the “Balabana” and “Dolna Topchiya” managed nature reserves is studied, with particular consideration to the ground beetles. The area of study is interesting from a biological point of view, as the Tundzha River constitutes a corridor of penetration of southern and thermophilic elements. On the other hand, the specifics of the territory predetermine the presence of many typically forest and some mountain species, as well as a lot of inhabitants of open biotopes, in particular – steppe forms. During the study, altogether 2041 specimens of carabid beetles belonging to 88 species are captured, as well as 76 other invertebrate species, some of which are with a conservation significance – new, endemic, rare, protected or endangered. Forty-six carabid species are reported for the first time for the Sakar-Tundzha region. Ground beetles are characterized and classified according to their zoogeographical belonging and the life forms they refer to. Key words: Carabidae, invertebrates, “Balabana”, “Dolna Topchiya”, Tundzha River, Bulgaria. Introduction state of the environment and as economic The investigation of the biota of the biological agents can be successful only if a protected natural areas is an important sufficient amount of information about their component of their functioning and allows structure and functioning in the different the assessment of the value of the given habitats is available. -
Environmental Protection and Political Borders: NATURA 2000 in the Rhodope Mountains Çevre Koruma Ve Siyasi Sınırlar: Rodop Dağları'nda Natura 2000
Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 5(1), 49-60 (2013) Environmental Protection and Political Borders: NATURA 2000 in the Rhodope Mountains Çevre Koruma ve Siyasi Sınırlar: Rodop Dağları'nda Natura 2000 Assen ASSENOV Landscapes and Environmental Protection Department University of Sofia “St. Kliment Ohridsky”, Faculty of Geology and Geography Abstract: In the summer and autumn of 2011 two surveys of habitat types were conducted in "Dolna Mesta" BG 0000220 protected site. During the field studies, in addition to the description of habitat types, measurements of specific characteristics of landscape were carried out. They were followed by cameral work using Global Mapper Program when the final values were derived and summarized as morphometric characteristics of Perica Mountain. From the field studies along the boundary line immediate information about the nature of the relief in the upper part of the southern macro-slope and the conservation value of habitat diversity in this part of the mountain was obtained. Furthermore, a previous visit of the Greek part of the Bozdag Mountains (2009) provided immediate information on relief and habitat diversity at the foot of the Perica Mountain. The deficit of field studies in Greece was compensated by using the Google Earth Program. The current study aims to determine the conservation significance of the Bulgarian part of Perica Mountain, part of "Dolna Mesta" protected site and compare it with the southern macro-slope of the same mountain, located in Greece. Comparison of conservation value between the two macro-slopes of the mountain is particularly important because the ridge follows the border between two countries of the European Union. -
Report by Institute of Viticulture and Enology, Pleven
REPORT BY INSTITUTE OF VITICULTURE AND ENOLOGY, PLEVEN BY ACTIVITY 3.2.1 .: DESCRIPTION OF WINE GRAPE VARIETIES AND MICRO AREAS OF PRODUCTION IN THE HASKOVO AND KARDZHALI DISTRICTS OCTOBER, 2018 This report was prepared by a team of scientists from the Institute of Viticulture and Enology, Pleven, Bulgaria for the purpose of the project DIONYSOS. The analysis of the report uses own research; references to scientific literature in the field of viticulture, wine, history, geography, soil science, climate and tourism of bulgarian and world scientists; official statistics of NSI, MAFF, NIMH; officially published documents such as districts and municipalies development strategies in the districts of Haskovo and Kardzhali; the Law on Wine and Spirits of the Republic of Bulgaria; the Low of Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria; official wine cellar websites, tourist information centers, travel agencies; and other sources. This document is created under the project “Developing identity on yield, soil and site”/DIONYSOS, Subsidy contract B2.6c.04/01.11.2017 with the financial support of Cooperation Programme “Interreg V-A Greece-Bulgaria” 2014-2020, Co- funded by the European Regional Development Fund and National funds of Greece and Bulgaria. The entire responsibility for the contents of the document rests with Institute of Viticulture and Enology-Pleven and under no circumstances it can be assumed that the materials and information on the document reflects the official view European Union and the Managing Authority Този документ е създаден в рамките на проект „Разработване на идентичност на добива, почвите и местностите“/ДИОНИСОС, Договор за субсидиране B2.6c.04/01.11.2017 който се осъществява с финансовата подкрепа на подкрепа на Програма за трансгранично сътрудничество ИНТЕРРЕГ V-A Гърция-България 2014-2020, съфинансирана от Европейския фонд за регионално развитие и от националните фондове на страните Гърция и България. -
Trakia Journal of Sciences, No1, Pp…, 2015
Trakia Journal of Sciences, No1, pp18-26, 2015 Copyright © 2015 Trakia University Available online at: http://www.uni-sz.bg ISSN 1313-7050 (print) ISSN 1313-3551 (online) doi:10.15547/tjs.2015.01.003 Original Contribution FUNGAL DIVERSITY IN MEDITERRANEANAND SUB-MEDITERRANEAN PLANT COMMUNITIES OF SAKAR MOUNTAIN M. Lacheva* Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria ABSTRACT The present study reports 113 larger fungi in Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean plant communities of Mt Sakar. All taxa are new to Mt Sakar. Of these, 88 species are reported for the first time from Toundzha Hilly Country. The predominant part of species belongs to the class Agaricomycetes (110 species), other part belongs to the Pezizomycetes (3 species). Nine species are included in the Red List of fungi in Bulgaria and Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria, namely Agaricus macrocarpus, Amanita caesarea, A. vittadinii, Bovista graveolens, Clathrus ruber, Chlorophillum agaricoides, Geastrum triplex, Phallus hadriani, and Tulostoma fimbriatum. One species is rare and threatened in Bulgaria and Europe – Phallus hadriani. The following steppe, xerothermic, and thermophilous fungi deserve special attention: Agaricus bernardii, Entoloma incanum, Hygrocybe virginea, H. persistens, Lepiota alba, and Leucopaxillus lepistoides. The aim of the paper is to enrich the information about fungal diversity of the Mt Sakar, which area appears to be important for conservation of the fungal diversity in Bulgaria. Key words: fungal conservation, fungal diversity, larger fungi, Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean plant communities, Mt Sakar INTRODUCTION (3, 4). The highest peak in the Mt Sakar is peak Mt Sakar is situated in Southeast Bulgaria, in the Vishegrad (856 m). -
Environmental Impact Statement
BALKAN MINERAL AND MINING EAD ZIP: 2087 Chelopech Village, District OF Sofia ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT for Investment Project for Mining and Processing of Auriferous Ores from the Ada Tepe Prospect of Khan Krum Gold Deposit, Krumovgrad Team Leader: ( Georgi Petkov, MSc) Sofia December 2010 EIS - Mining and Processing of Auriferous Ores from the Ada Tepe Prospect of the Khan Krum Deposit near Krumovgrad Table of Contents List of Tables: .................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4 I. General ......................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Information about the Investor ................................................................................................ 7 2. Justification for the Proposed Development and Main Objectives of the Project .................. 8 3. Location of the Krumovgrad Gold Project - Physical Characterisation. Affected Elements of the National Environmental Network ......................................................................................... 8 4. Relation to Other Existing and DDP Approved Activities ................................................... 11 5. Affected Public and Responsible Authorities ...................................................................... -
EIAR Non-Technical Summary
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVESTMENT PROPOSAL FOR “CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW 400 KV POWER LINE FROM SUBSTATION “PLOVDIV” 400 KV TO SUBSTATION “BURGAS” 400 KV WITH A BREAK IN SUBSTATION “MARITSA EAST” 400 KV, AND A NEW POWER LINE FROM SUBSTATION “MARITSA EAST” 400 KV TO THE SWITCHYARD OF TPP “MARITSA EAST 3” Non-Technical Summary (in compliance with the Environmental Protection Act, amended SG 62 of 14 August 2015 and the Ordinance on the conditions and procedures for environmental impact assessment, amended SG 94 of 30 November 2012) Investor: Electricity System Operator ЕАD Employer: Elektroenergien Sistemen Operator EAD Sofia 2015 Contents 1. Annotation of the investment proposal for the construction, activities and technologies............3 1.1. Location ........................................................................................................................................4 1.2. Characteristics of the investment proposal..................................................................................8 1.3. Characteristics of the territory - type and way of land use .........................................................8 2. Investigated by the Employer alternatives for location (with sketches and coordinates of typical points in the established coordinate system of the country) and / or technology alternatives and the reasons for the choice of the study, given the impact on the environment, including the ''zero''alternative ...................................................................................9 -
A Synopsis of the Bulgarian Cave Centipedes (Chilopoda) Обзор
Arthropoda Selecta 10 (1): 3154 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2001 A synopsis of the Bulgarian cave centipedes (Chilopoda) Îáçîð áîëãàðñêèõ ïåùåðíûõ ãóáîíîãèõ ìíîãîíîæåê (Chilopoda) Pavel Stoev Ïàâåë Ñòîåâ National Museum of Natural History, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1, Sofia 1000 Bulgaria. Íàöèîíàëåí ïðèðîäîíàó÷åí ìóçåé, áóëåâàðä Öàð Îñâîáîäèòåë 1, Ñîôèÿ 1000 Áúëãàðèÿ. E-mail: [email protected] KEY WORDS: Chilopoda, caves, synopsis, faunistics, taxonomy, distribution, Bulgaria. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÜIÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Chilopoda, ïåùåðû, ñèíîïñèñ, ôàóíèñòèêà, òàêñîíîìèÿ, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, Áîëãàðèÿ. ABSTRACT: Forty-three centipede species or sub- country maintains an amazing diversity of caves and cave species found in 148 Bulgarian caves are listed, with faunas. Karst supports nearly 22.5 % of the national complete, most detailed faunistic data provided based territory and at present over 4,500 caves or pot holes have on both old and new material. Of these taxa, three are been investigated and mapped. Of them, only 646, i.e. new to the countrys fauna, including one that also seems about 1/7th of the total, have been found to contain a fauna to be new to science. The following new synonymy [Beron, 1994]. While the studies go on quite actively, (valid names to the right) is formally advanced: Litho- the above figures can hardly be considered as final. bius popovi Matic, 1973 and L. hrissiae Stavropoulos et Verhoeff [1926a, 1926b, 1928] was the first to Matic, 1990 = L. tiasnatensis Matic, 1973; Lithobius record a cave-dwelling centipede in Bulgaria. Later, beschkovi Matic et Golemansky, 1967 = L. rushovensis Demange [1961], Matic [1964, 1967, 1973], Negrea Matic, 1967; and Oligobothrus luciani Folkmanova, [1965], Matic & Golemansky [1967], Matic & Daraban- 1935 and Lithobius erythrocephalus cerberi Verhoeff, tu [1974] and Stoev & Ribarov [1995] added new 1943 = L. -
Two-Stage Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Hydrothermal Activity in the Sakar Unit of Southeastern Bulgaria
minerals Article Two-Stage Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Hydrothermal Activity in the Sakar Unit of Southeastern Bulgaria Krzysztof Szopa 1,* , Anna Sałaci ´nska 2, Ashley P. Gumsley 1, David Chew 3, Petko Petrov 4, Aleksandra Gawe¸da 1, Anna Zagórska 2, Ewa Deput 2, Nikolay Gospodinov 5 and Kamila Banasik 1 1 Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, B˛edzi´nska60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; [email protected] (A.P.G.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (K.B.) 2 Institute of Geological Sciences PAS, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (A.Z.); [email protected] (E.D.) 3 Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] 4 The Earth and Man National Museum in Sofia, 1421 Sofia, Bulgaria; [email protected] 5 Hristo Smirnenski 37-41, G, 51 Topolovgrad, Bulgaria; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-603-813-074 Received: 24 December 2019; Accepted: 4 March 2020; Published: 15 March 2020 Abstract: Southeastern Bulgaria is composed of a variety of rocks from pre-Variscan (ca. 0.3 Ga) to pre-Alpine sensu lato (ca. 0.15 Ga) time. The Sakar Unit in this region comprises a series of granitoids and gneisses formed or metamorphosed during these events. It is cut by a series of post-Variscan hydrothermal veins, yet lacks pervasive Alpine deformation. It thus represents a key unit for detecting potential tectonism associatedwiththeenigmaticCimmerianOrogenicepisode, butlimitedgeochronologyhasbeenundertaken on this unit. -
ASN, Vol 4, No 1, Pages 89-93, 2017
ASN, Vol 4, No 1, Pages 89-93, 2017 Acta Scientifica Naturalis Former Annual of Konstantin Preslavsky University – Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Geography Journal homepage: http://www.shu.bg Received: 30.10.2016 Accepted: 11.01.2017 Morphostructure of the Sakar and Strandzha Mountains Tzanko Tzankov1, Svetla Stankova2, Rosen Iliev3 1,3South-West University “Neofit Rilski” – Blagoevgrad 2„Konstantin Preslavski” University of Shumen e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract: The Sakar and Strandzha Mountains are disposed in the South-East end of the Balkan Peninsula (on the both sides of the Bulgarian-Turkish boundary). They belong to the southeastern margin of the Bulgarian continental microplate. They are limit from North Thracian morphostructural zone to the North, the East Thracian morphostructural zone to the South and the Rhodopean morphostructural zone to the West. The observed mountain territory builds the Sakar-Strandzha morphostructural zone. It is divided by Sakar Dervent and Strandzha morphostructural areas. Every of them include morphostructural regions. They are composed by numerous Late Pleistocene-Holocene dome-like morphostructures. The relics from the Post Early Pleistocene concentric morphostructures are distributed in the entire zone. They were determined some archer and concentric Holocene mountain morphostructures. The regional seismic activity (during the last 50 years) outlines three parts of the Sakar-Strandzha morphostructural zone. The western one – the Sakar part is moderate seismic active. The central – Dervent part is practically seismic „calm”. The eastern one– Strandzha part show a very intensive seismicity. It can by given right in a future (after the necessary investigations) to divide the zone in three areas.