DOCSLIB.ORG

A Molecular Genetic Investigation of the Population Structure of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia Tyrannus)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Molecular Genetic Investigation of the Population Structure of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia Tyrannus) W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles 2010 A Molecular Genetic Investigation Of The Population Structure Of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia Tyrannus) Abigail J. Lynch Jan R. McDowell Virginia Institute of Marine Science John E. Graves Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons Recommended Citation Lynch, Abigail J.; McDowell, Jan R.; and Graves, John E., "A Molecular Genetic Investigation Of The Population Structure Of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia Tyrannus)" (2010). VIMS Articles. 554. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/554 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 87 Abstract—Atlantic menhaden (Bre- A molecular genetic investigation voortia tyrannus), through landings, support one of the largest commercial of the population structure fisheries in the United States. Recent consolidation of the once coast-wide of Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) reduction fishery to waters within and around Chesapeake Bay has Abigail J. Lynch raised concerns over the possibility of the loss of unique genetic variation Jan R. McDowell (contact author) resulting from concentrated fishing John E. Graves pressure. To address this question, Email address for contact author: [email protected] we surveyed variation at the mito- chondrial cytochrome c oxidase sub- Virginia Institute of Marine Science unit I (COI) gene region and seven School of Marine Science nuclear microsatellite loci to evaluate College of William and Mary stock structure of Atlantic menhaden. Rt. 1208 Greate Rd. Samples were collected from up to Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 three cohorts of Atlantic menhaden at four geographic locations along the U.S. Atlantic coast in 2006 and 2007, and from the closely related Gulf men- haden (B. patronus) in the Gulf of Mexico. Genetic divergence between Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyran- Two populations, one north and one Atlantic menhaden and Gulf menha- nus) is an ecologically and economi- south of Cape Hatteras, North Caro- den, based on the COI gene region cally important species along the U.S. lina, have also been proposed. This sequences and microsatellite loci, East Coast. As a filter-feeder and division was based on the presence was more characteristic of conspecific key prey fish, it provides a critical of small, sexually mature fish before populations than separate species. link between primary production and the arrival of the larger, migrating Hierarchical analyses of molecular variance indicated a homogeneous dis- larger piscivorous predators, such fish in North Carolina waters and tribution of genetic variation within as striped bass (Morone saxatilis), the presence of spawning fish off Atlantic menhaden. No significant bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), and northern Florida in late winter and variation was found between young- weakfish (Cynoscion regalis). The early spring (June and Nicholson, of-the-year menhaden (YOY) collected commercial fishery for Atlantic men- 1964). One coast-wide population early and late in the season within haden consists of a small bait fishery has been indicated by tag recovery Chesapeake Bay, between young-of- and a larger reduction fishery. Of studies (Nicholson, 1978), which have the-year and yearling menhaden col- the 20 menhaden reduction plants shown that Atlantic menhaden of dif- lected in the Chesapeake Bay during (where menhaden are “reduced” to fering ages and sizes share the over- the same year, between YOY and year- meal and oil) that were once oper- wintering grounds off Cape Hatteras ling menhaden taken in Chesapeake Bay in successive years, or among ating along the U.S. Atlantic coast, and undergo seasonal migrations and combined YOY and yearling Atlan- only the Reedville, Virginia, facility that larger fish travel farther north. tic menhaden collected in both years is currently active. The concentration The Atlantic States Marine Fisher- from the four geographic locations. of fishing effort for Atlantic menha- ies Commission currently assesses The genetic connectivity between the den in and around Chesapeake Bay Atlantic menhaden as a single coast- regional collections indicates that the has raised concerns among many wide stock. concentration of fishing pressure in environmentalists and sport fisher- In addition to the uncertainty re- and around Chesapeake Bay will not men about the possibility of “localized garding the stock structure of At- result in a significant loss of unique depletion” of Atlantic menhaden in lantic menhaden, the relationship genetic variation. the area. A potential consequence of between Atlantic menhaden and localized depletion could be the loss Gulf menhaden (B. patronus) is not of unique genetic variation within well understood. The mean values Atlantic menhaden, if there is spa- of several of the morphometric and tial partitioning of genetic variation meristic characters are significant- (stock structure) within the species. ly different between the two puta- Results of previous analyses of the tive species, although the ranges of Manuscript submitted 23 January 2009. stock structure of Atlantic menha- variation are coincident (Dahlberg, Manuscript accepted 3 November 2009. Fish. Bull. 108:87–97 (2010). den have been discordant. Two pop- 1970). Similarly, preliminary genetic ulations of Atlantic menhaden, one analyses indicate limited divergence The views and opinions expressed north and the other south of Long between the putative species, and or implied in this article are those Island, New York, were suggested therefore the use of larger sample of the author (or authors) and do not necessarily reflect the position of the on the basis of vertebral counts sizes and additional genetic charac- National Marine Fisheries Service, and transferrin allele frequencies ters have been recommended (Avise NOAA. (Sutherland, 1963; Epperly, 1989). et al., 1989; Anderson, 2007). 88 Fishery Bulletin 108(1) Table 1 Collection location, date of collection, and number of Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and Gulf menhaden (B. patronus) analyzed in this study and range of sample fork lengths. For all collections outside the Chesapeake Bay, young-of-the-year (YOY) and yearling samples are pooled. Collection Location Date n Fork length (mm) New England 2006 Gloucester, MA Aug. 2006 25 43–58 New England 2007 Gloucester, MA Aug. 2007 25 34–64 Mid-Atlantic 2006 Pennsville, NJ Aug. 2006 27 61–110 Mid-Atlantic 2007 Oakwood Beach, NJ June 2007 25 77–190 Chesapeake Bay YOY 2006 Gloucester Point, VA May 2006 25 27–67 Chesapeake Bay yearling 2006 Gloucester Point, VA Aug. 2006 18 120–200 Chesapeake Bay YOY (early) 2007 Gloucester Point, VA May 2007 25 34–84 Chesapeake Bay YOY (late) 2007 Gloucester Point, VA Aug. 2007 31 35–99 Chesapeake Bay yearling 2007 Gloucester Point, VA June 2007 18 114–184 U.S. South Atlantic 2006 Beaufort, SC Aug. 2006 28 41–113 U.S. South Atlantic 2007 Beaufort, SC April 2007 41 28–181 Gulf menhaden 2006 Galveston, TX Oct. 2006 25 not recorded Gulf menhaden 2007 Cameron, LA Oct. 2007 25 52–91 In this study, analyses of sequence data from the structure of Atlantic menhaden, and to evaluate the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) potential for loss of unique genetic variation resulting gene region and allele frequencies of seven nuclear mi- from “localized depletion” of Atlantic menhaden within crosatellite loci were used to investigate the genetic the Chesapeake Bay region. relationships of Atlantic and Gulf menhaden, the stock Materials and methods 90°W 80°W 70°W Sample collection Range of Atlantic menhaden Range of Gulf menhaden Young-of-the-year (YOY) and yearling Sampling locations Atlantic menhaden were sampled from New England (MA), the U.S. mid-Atlantic (NJ), Chesapeake Bay (VA), and the U.S. South Atlantic (SC) in 2006 and 2007, and YOY 40°N 40°N Gulf menhaden were sampled from the Gulf of Mexico in 2006 and 2007 (Table 1; Fig. 1). United States For all collections outside the Chesapeake Bay, samples of YOY and yearling Atlantic menhaden were pooled. For Chesapeake Bay Atlantic Ocean collections, scales were aged from a sub- 30°N 30°N sample of 20% of individuals taken in 2007 and length was used as a surrogate for the Gulf of remaining samples (where fish less than 100 Mexico mm fork length were considered YOY and fish greater than 100 mm fork length were 20°N 20°N considered yearling). The younger cohorts were sampled because they are less likely 0 600 miles to have migrated far from where they were 90°W 80°W 70°W spawned. Local experts identified menha- den on the basis of morphological characters Figure 1 and capture location. Muscle tissue samples Map of ranges of Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) were taken from each individual and either and Gulf menhaden (B. patronus) and the approximate frozen or stored in DMSO buffer (Seutin et location of sites sampled in 2006–2007 for the analysis al., 1991) at room temperature. Voucher spec- of stock structure in Atlantic menhaden. imens were retained from all U.S. Atlantic Lynch et al.: A genetic investigation of the population structure of Brevoortia tyrannus 89 coast regions in 2007 to corroborate field identifications. the presence of null alleles and evidence of scoring er- Some of the identifications were retroactively verified rors. To ensure consistency,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Choosing the Best Marine-Derived Omega-3 Products for Therapeutic Use: an Evaluation of the Evidence
    STEVENS POINT, WISCONSIN Technical Report Choosing the Best Marine-derived Omega-3 Products for Therapeutic Use: An Evaluation of the Evidence October 2013 The Point Institute is an independent research organization focused on examining and disseminating information about the use of natural therapeutic options for treating and preventing chronic disease. We provide these technical reports as research summaries only-they are not intended to be used in place of sound medical advice by a licensed health care practitioner. The Point Institute Director: Thomas Guilliams Ph.D. Website: www.pointinstitute.org Email: [email protected] The Point Institute www.pointinstitute.org Choosing the Best Marine-derived Omega-3 Products for Therapeutic Use: An Evaluation of the Evidence There is overwhelming data to recommend a wide range of therapeutic uses for marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids (primarily EPA and DHA). Likewise, there are also an overwhelming number of different forms, sources and ways to deliver these omega-3 fatty acids; which unfortunately, has led to confusion in product selection for both clinician and patient alike. We will walk through the most common issues discussed in selecting the appropriate omega-3 fatty acid product, with the goal to bring clarity to the decision-making process. For the most part, the marine omega-3 fatty acid category is dominated by products that can be best described as “fish oil.” That is, while there are products available that deliver omega-3 fatty acids from other marine sources, nearly all the available research has been done with fish oil derived fatty acids. This fish oil data has become the benchmark for efficacy and safety, and is the standard to which we compare throughout this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico And
    A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes THIRD EDITION GSMFC No. 300 NOVEMBER 2020 i Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Commissioners and Proxies ALABAMA Senator R.L. “Bret” Allain, II Chris Blankenship, Commissioner State Senator District 21 Alabama Department of Conservation Franklin, Louisiana and Natural Resources John Roussel Montgomery, Alabama Zachary, Louisiana Representative Chris Pringle Mobile, Alabama MISSISSIPPI Chris Nelson Joe Spraggins, Executive Director Bon Secour Fisheries, Inc. Mississippi Department of Marine Bon Secour, Alabama Resources Biloxi, Mississippi FLORIDA Read Hendon Eric Sutton, Executive Director USM/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Florida Fish and Wildlife Ocean Springs, Mississippi Conservation Commission Tallahassee, Florida TEXAS Representative Jay Trumbull Carter Smith, Executive Director Tallahassee, Florida Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Austin, Texas LOUISIANA Doug Boyd Jack Montoucet, Secretary Boerne, Texas Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Baton Rouge, Louisiana GSMFC Staff ASMFC Staff Mr. David M. Donaldson Mr. Bob Beal Executive Director Executive Director Mr. Steven J. VanderKooy Mr. Jeffrey Kipp IJF Program Coordinator Stock Assessment Scientist Ms. Debora McIntyre Dr. Kristen Anstead IJF Staff Assistant Fisheries Scientist ii A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes Third Edition Edited by Steve VanderKooy Jessica Carroll Scott Elzey Jessica Gilmore Jeffrey Kipp Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission 2404 Government St Ocean Springs, MS 39564 and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission 1050 N. Highland Street Suite 200 A-N Arlington, VA 22201 Publication Number 300 November 2020 A publication of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award Number NA15NMF4070076 and NA15NMF4720399.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Nation's Fisheries Will Be a Lot Easier Once We've Used up Everything Except Jellyfish!
    Mismanaging Our Nation’s Fisheriesa menu of what's missing Limited quantity: get ‘em while supplies last Ted Stevens Alaskan Surprise Due to years of overfishing, we probably won’t be serving up Pacific Ocean perch, Tanner crab, Greenland turbot or rougheye rockfish. They may be a little hard to swallow, but Senator Stevens and the North Pacific Council will be sure to offer last minute riders, father and son sweetheart deals, record-breaking quotas, industry-led research, conflicts of interest and anti-trust violations. Meanwhile, fur seals, sea lions and sea otters are going hungry and disappearing fast. Surprise! Pacific Rockfish: See No Fish, Eat No Fish Cowcod, Canary Rockfish and Bocaccio are just three examples of rockfish managed by the Pacific Council that are overfished. As for the exact number of West Coast groundfish that are overfished, who knows? Without surveys to tell them what’s going on, what are they managing exactly? Striped Bass: Thin Is In! This popular Atlantic rockfish is available in abundance. Unfortunately, many appear to be undernourished and suffering from lesions – a condition that may point to Omega Protein’s industrial fishery of menhaden, the striper’s favorite prey species. Actually, you may want to hold off on this one until ASMFC starts regulating menhaden. Can you believe there are still no catch limits? Red Snapper Bycatch Platter While we are unable to provide full-size red snapper, we offer this plate of twenty juvenile red snapper discarded as bycatch from a Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawler for your dining pleasure. Shrimpers take and throw away about half of all young red snappers along the Texas coast, so we’ll keep these little guys coming straight from the back of the boat to the back of your throat! Caribbean Reef Fish Grab Bag What’s for dinner from the Caribbean? Who knows? With coral reefs in their jurisdiction, you would expect the Caribbean Council to be pioneering the ecosystem-based management approach and implementing the precautionary principle approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Atlantic Menhaden Ecological Reference Points
    Review of Atlantic Menhaden Ecological Reference Points Steve Cadrin July 27 2020 The Science Center for Marine Fisheries (SCeMFiS) requested a technical review of analyses being considered by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) to estimate ecological reference points (ERPs) for Atlantic menhaden by applying a multispecies model (SEDAR 2020b). Two memoranda by the ASMFC Ecological Reference Point Work Group and Atlantic Menhaden Technical Committee were reviewed: • Exploration of Additional ERP Scenarios with the NWACS-MICE Tool (April 29 2020) • Recommendations for Use of the NWACS-MICE Tool to Develop Ecological Reference Points and Harvest Strategies for Atlantic Menhaden (July 15 2020) Summary • According to the SEDAR69 Ecological Reference Points report, the multi-species tradeoff analysis suggests that the single-species management target for menhaden performs relatively well for meeting menhaden and striped bass management objectives, and there is little apparent benefit to striped bass or other predators from fishing menhaden at a lower target fishing mortality. • Revised scenarios of the SEDAR69 peer-reviewed model suggest that results are highly sensitive to assumed conditions of other species in the model. For example, reduced fishing on menhaden does not appear to be needed to rebuild striped bass if other stocks are managed at their targets. • The recommendation to derive ecological reference points from a selected scenario that assumes 2017 conditions was based on an alternative model that was not peer reviewed by SEDAR69, and the information provided on alternative analyses is insufficient to determine if it is the best scientific information available to support management decisions. • Considering apparent changes in several stocks in the multispecies model since 2017, ecological reference points should either be based on updated conditions or long-term target conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Blood Proteins in Herring
    FiskDir. Skr. SET.HavUi~ders., 15: 356-367. COMPARISON OF PACIFIC SARDINE AND ATLANTIC MENHADEN FISHERIES BY JOHN L. MCHUGH Office of Marine Resources U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. INTRODUCTION The rise and fall of the North American Pacific coast sardine fishery is well known. Oilce the most important fishery in the western hemisphere in weight of fish landed, it now produces virtually nothing. The meal and oil industry based on the Pacific sardine (Sardinoljs caerulea) resource no longer exists. The sardine fishery (Fig. 1A) began in 1915, rose fairly steadily to its peak in 1936 (wit11 a dip during the depression), maintained an average annual catch of more than 500 000 tons until 1944, then fell off sharply. Annual production has not exceeded 100 000 tons since 1951, and commercial sardine fishing now is prohibited in California waters. A much smaller fishery for the southern sub-population developed off Baja California in 195 1. The decline of the west coast sardine fishery gave impetus to the much older menhaden (Breuoortia tyranlzus) fishery (Fig. 1B) along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Fishing for Atlantic menhaden began early in the nineteenth century. From the 1880's until the middle 1930's the annual catch varied around about 200 000 tons. In the late 1930's annual landings began to increase and from 1953 to 1962 inclusive re- mained above 500 000 tons. The peak year was 1956, with a catch of nearly 800 000 tons. After 1962 the catch began to fall off sharply, reach- ing a low of less than 250 000 tons in 1967.
    [Show full text]
  • Us Fishery Production in 1946
    FISH ANDWILDLIFE SERVICE I For Release to PM's TUESDAY,JANUARY 14, 1947. U. S. FISHERYPRODUCTION y 1946 / In 1946 the little known menhaden became the major item in the United States . \ fish catch, which totaled 4.2 billion pounds, the Fish and Wildlife Service, I United States Department of-the Interior, announced today. The menhaden, an Atlantic coast fish used chiefly in the manufacture of fish _- . meal and oil, replaced the Pacific pilchard or sardine which has supported the Nation's largest fishery for the past 12 years, Although the 1946 production was not far bekwu average in volume, the year was marked by extremes of success or failure almost without parallel in the history of the fisheries. Rosefish and tuna exceeded all previous production records; the _ < salmon pack was the smallest since 1927; the menhaden catch was the largest on record; the pilchard fishery experienced the worst season in its history. In terms of pounds landed, the leading fisheries last year were menhaden, . 4 pilchard,._ salmon, tuna, Alaska herring, and rosefish. These six accounted for more than half of the total production. The Fish and Wildlife Service reported that the catch of menhaden was approx- . I s . imately 900,000,000 pounds, compared with 756,000,OOO pounds in 1945 and . 686;ooojooo in 1944. The menhaden, which has supported a fishery since colonial I times, is a schooling fish of the herring family which occurs in tremendous numbers . along the Atlantic coast and in its bays and estuaries. Present centers of the menhaden industry are Lewes, Del,, Reedville, Va,, ,Port M&mouth, N.
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED STATES FISH CATCH SHOWS GAIN--August 8, 1961
    Wells - Int. 4817 Luzlxmu~EMU@IF UMB OMUBW ll@W INFORMATION SERVICE FISH ANDWILDLIFE SERVICE For Release AUGUST8, 1961 UNITEDSTATES FISH CATCHSHOWS GAIN The United States' catch of fish and shellfish during the first six months of 1961 totaled about 1,692,400,000 pounds-- up24lmillion pounds over the same period a year ago--a aain of 17 percent, the Department of the Interior reported today. Gains were recorded in landings of menhaden, tuna, salmon, haddock, ocean perch, Pacific mackerel, and scallops while declines were noted for jack mackerel, whiting and shrimp, data compiled by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries of the Fish and Wildlife Service revealed. The data were based largely on figures for six months or more but, in a few instances, reports were for a shorter period. The biggest incrcaase was in menhaden landings-- 227 million pounds more than for the first six months of last year. This year's market for fiah.maal, one of the products from menhaden, is improved over a year ago, resulting in an increased fishing effort which has brought about this gain. Tuna landings in California showed a gain of 16 million pounds up to July 15. Most of this is largely the result of a 3%million pound increase in the catch by purse seiners. In Alaska, the Bristol Bay red salmon catch was a 5-year-age class of much bigger fish than a year ago. Last year, it took 15 to 16 fish to fill a case. This year it was done with 11 to 12. As a result, the Alaska salmon catch was 4 million pounds above a year ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Fish and Invertebrates: Biology and Harvesting Technology - R
    FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE – Vol. II - Marine Fish and Invertebrates: Biology and Harvesting Technology - R. Radtke MARINE FISH AND INVERTEBRATES: BIOLOGY AND HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY R. Radtke University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Honolulu, USA Keywords: fisheries, trophic, harvesting, fecundity, management, species, equilibrium yield, biomass, stocks, otoliths, calcified tissues, teleost fishes, somatic growth, population, recruitment, mortality, population, cation and anion densities, genotype, acoustic biomass estimation, aquaculture, ecosystems, anthropogenic, ecological, diadromous species, hydrography, Phytoplankton, finfish, pelagic, demersal, exogenous, trophic, purse seines, semidemersal, gadoid, morphometrics, fecundity, calanoid, copepods, euphausiids, caudal fin, neritic species, epibenthic, epipelagic layers, thermocline, nacre, benthepelagic, discards, pots. Contents 1. Introduction 2. New Approaches 3. Biology and Harvesting of Major Species 3.1. Schooling Finfish (Cods, Herrings, Sardines, Mackerels, and others) 3.2. Tunas, Billfish and Sharks 3.3. Shrimp and Krill 3.4. Crabs and Lobsters 3.5. Shelled Molluscs (Clams, Oysters, Scallops, Pearl Oysters, and Abalone) 3.6. Cephalopods: Octopus and Squid 3.7. Orange Roughy and Other Benthic Finfish 3.8. Flatfishes and Skates 4. Marine Plants: Production and Utilization 5. Commercial Sea-Cucumbers and Trepang Markets 6. Importance of Non-Commercial Fish 7. The Problem of Discards in Fisheries 8. Fisheries Engineering and Technology: Fishing Operation and Economic Considerations 9. Subsistence Hunting of Marine Mammals GlossaryUNESCO – EOLSS Bibliography Biographical Sketch SAMPLE CHAPTERS Summary The technology to understand and harvest fishery resources has expanded markedly in recent times. This expansion in information has allowed the harvesting of new species and stocks. Information is important to preservation and responsible harvesting. For managers and project organizers alike, knowledge is the cornerstone to successful fishery resource utilization.
    [Show full text]
  • Menhadentexasfull.Pdf Ocean Associates, Incorporated Oceans and Fisheries Consulting
    Ocean Associates, Inc. Ocean Associates, Inc. Phone: 703-534-4032 4007 N. Abingdon Street Fax: 815-346-2574 Arlington, Virginia USA 22207 Email: [email protected] http://www.OceanAssoc.com March 24, 2008 Toby M. Gascon Director of Government Affairs Omega Protein, Inc. Ref: Gulf of Mexico Menhaden: Considerations for Resource Management Dear Mr. Gascon, In response to your Request for Scientific Analysis regarding proposed regulations for menhaden fishing in Texas waters, herewith is our response to your questions. We have formatted it as a report. It includes a Preface, which sets the stage, an Executive Summary without citations, and a response to each of the questions with supporting citations. We have enclosed a copy of the paper (Condrey 1994) we believe was used by TPWD in drafting the proposed regulations. It has the appropriate underlying numbers and is the only study with sufficient detail to be used for the type of analysis attempted by TPWD. We appreciate the opportunity to provide this analysis. It came at an opportune time. I have been developing the ecosystem material included in this document for many years, ever since the basic theory was proposed to me by a Russian colleague who went on to become the Soviet Minister of Fisheries. As Chief of the NMFS Research Division, I read countless documents regarding fisheries research and management, and attended many conferences and program reviews, slowly gaining the knowledge reflected in this report. The flurry of menhaden writings and government actions gave me impetus to complete the work, and your request accelerated it further. I expect the ecosystem materials in this present report will soon be part of a more- detailed formal scientific paper documenting the role of menhaden in coastal ecology.
    [Show full text]
  • POST-RELEASE MORTALITY of SCHOOL-SIZE ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA (Thunnus Thynnus) in the U.S
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2013 Post-Release Mortality of School-Size Atlantic Bluefin unaT (Thunnus thynnus) in the U.S Recreational Troll Fishery Benjamin Jon Marcek College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Fresh Water Studies Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Marcek, Benjamin Jon, "Post-Release Mortality of School-Size Atlantic Bluefin unaT (Thunnus thynnus) in the U.S Recreational Troll Fishery" (2013). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617936. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-fknv-f695 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POST-RELEASE MORTALITY OF SCHOOL-SIZE ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA (Thunnus thynnus) IN THE U.S. RECREATIONAL TROLL FISHERY A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Benjamin Jon Marcek 2013 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Benjamin'Jon Marcek Approved, by the Committee, August 2013 ihn E. Graves, Ph.D. Committee Chairman/Advisor f Mary . Fabrizio, pfct). Richard W. Brill, Ph.D. John M. Brubaker, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diet of Chesapeake Bay Ospreys and Their Impact on the Local Fishery
    ]. RaptorRes. 25(4):109-112 ¸ 1991 The Raptor ResearchFoundation, Inc. THE DIET OF CHESAPEAKE BAY OSPREYS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE LOCAL FISHERY PETER K. MCLEAN • AND MITCHELL A. BYRD Departmentof Biology,College of William and Mary, Williamsburg,VA 23785 ABSTRACT.--Ospreys(Pan dion haliaetus), were observedat sevennests located in southwesternChesapeake Bay, for 642 hr between21 May and 25 July 1985. On average5.4 fish/day were deliveredto the nests. The size of fish deliveredranged from 4 to 43 cm, and the mean weight of fish deliveredwas 156.9 g. Atlantic Menhaden (Brevortiatyrannus) accounted for nearly 75% of the diet, although White Perch (Motone americana),Atlantic Croaker (Micropogoniasundulatus), Oyster Toadfish (Opsanustau), and American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)also were commonprey. ChesapeakeBay Ospreys,estimated at 3000 breedingpairs, would be expectedto eat about 132 171 kg of fish during the 52-day nestlingperiod. This "harvest"represents 0.004% of the annual ChesapeakeBay commercialharvest and likely has a minimal impact on the local fishery. La dietade fixguila Pescadora (Pan dion haliaetus) en la BahiaChesapeake y su impacto en la pescalocal EXTR^CTO.--fixguilasPescadoras (Pandion haliaetus) en sietenidos ubicados en la zonasudoeste de la Bahia Chesapeake,fueron observadas por 642 horasentre el 21 de mayo y el 25 de julio de 1985. Un promediode 5.4 pesces/diafueron 11evadosa cada nido. E1 tamafio del pescadoque rue 11evadoal nido oscil6entre 4 y 43 cm, y el pesomedio fue de 156.9 g. Los pecesde la especieBrevortia tyrannus constituyeroncerca del 75% de la dieta,aunque peces de las especiesMorone americana, Microp.ogonias undulatus,Opsanus tau, Anguilla rostrata tambign fueron presa comfin.
    [Show full text]
  • A Recommendation to Amend the Atlantic Menhaden Fishery
    A Recommendation to Amend the Atlantic Menhaden Fishery Management Plan To Protect and Preserve Menhaden's Ecological Role in Chesapeake Bay and Throughout its Range Presented to the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission December 17,2003 by the National Coalition for Marine Conservation Leesburg, Virginia "In the long run, I look forward to the day when fishery conservation and management are carried out with full knowledge of the interactions between the managed species and the living and nonliving components of their environment. I believe we are making steady progress toward the goal of an ecosystem approach to management. "In recent years, we have begun to move away from single species concepts of management, like maximum sustainable yield, and toward the multispecies concept of optimum yield. Optimum yield encourages the consideration of ecological factors in devising management strategies, as well as economic and social factors. Within a few years, I expect that most fishery management plans prepared by the Regional Fishery Management Councils will be multispecies plans, which will take into account predator-prey relationships in particular. Not too long after that, I hope we will use an ecosystem approach to fishery management." This statement was part of the keynote remarks by then-NOAA Administrator Richard Frank at a Striped Bass Symposium sponsored by the National Coalition for Marine Conservation in March 1980. In spite of Dr. Frank's optimism, we've only begun to take the first tentative steps toward an ecosystem approach to managing marine fisheries during the last several years, primarily due to the recommendations of the 1999 Report to Congress of the Ecosystems Principles Advisory Panel.
    [Show full text]