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Kam Pf Im H Erzen Der Bes Tie M Ilitante R W Iders Ta Nd In DANN KAM DER SCHRITT VOM ISBN 978-3-942281-89-8 Edition PROVO 3· 9 ISBN 978-3-942281-89-8 783942 281898 PROTEST ZUM WIDERSTAND konsequenter Weg, auch wenn unser Kampf letztlich gescheitert ist«. gescheitert letztlich wennunserKampf auch konsequenter Weg, und fürunseinlogischer zumWiderstand, vomProtest Dann kamderSchritt bliebwirkungslos. ernstnahmen–unserProtest Verfassung amerikanische wurdenverhaftetundverprügelt,weilwirdie gegen denVietnamkrieg, undSit-Ins Rassismus demonstrierten;wirprotestiertenmitTeach-Ins weilwirgegenden wir wurdenindenSüdstaatenzusammengeschlagen, kamenausderBürgerrechtsbewegung, »Wir schreibt: Zuchthaus, lichem der Bestie«.DavidGilbert,einerihrerAktivisten,verurteiltzulebensläng- alsdenim»Herzen Underground«. SieverstandihrenrevolutionärenKampf Stadtguerillagruppe»Weather Besonders bekanntwurdedieamerikanische dortzahllosemilitanteundbewaffneteAktionen und produzierteauch Zentrum– sein dieserJahrewarendieUSAweltweitdasimperialistische indenMetropolenmilitant.Imlinken Bewusst- dielinkePraxis wurdeauch ImweltweitenKlimavonRevolteundBefreiung damals»DrittenWelt«. aufBefreiungsbewegungenin der beschränkt 20. Jahrhundertsnicht warindensiebzigerJahrendes bewaffneterWiderstand Militanter, 19,90 € EDITION PROVO KAMPF IM HERZEN DER BESTIE EDITION PROVO 3 KAMPF IM HERZEN DER BESTIE MILITANTER WIDERSTAND IN DENLA D U SA an Berger I KA VERLAG Edition PROVO III Herausgegeben von Willi Baer und Karl-Heinz Dellwo KAMPF IM HERZEN DER BESTIE MILITANTER WIDERSTAND IN DEN USA LAIKA VERLAG Dan Berger Wir sind Gesetzlose, frei und high – eine Unter- grund-Guerilla der Jugend im Herzen Babylons. Aus einem Weather-Underground-Kommuniqué von 1970 In liebender Erinnerung an meine Großmutter, Rosalia Benau, und für David Gilbert – Seelen voller Mitgefühl, Lehrer voller Wissen, dem Leben mit Liebe zugewandt. Und für all diejenigen, die es sich zur Lebensaufgabe gemacht haben, eine Welt zu errich- ten, in der Gerechtigkeit, Frieden, Befreiung und Freiheit nicht nur die Rhetorik der Rücksichtslosen, sondern die Wirklichkeit für alle Menschen sind – in der Hoffnung, dass wir aus der Geschichte lernen, eine bessere Zukunft zu schaffen. Impressum LAIKA-Verlag // EDITION PROVO 3 // Kampf im Herzen der Bestie // 1. Auflage 2011 // © für die deutschsprachige Ausgabe by LAIKA-Verlag GmbH & Co KG // Hamburg // www.laika-verlag.de // Alle Rechte vorbehalten // Das Original ist 2006 unter dem Titel Outlaws of America bei AK Press erschienen. Übersetzung aus dem Englischen: Bernd Volkert // Daniel Kulla // Korrektur: Öznur Takil // Satz: Peter Bisping // 2011 // ISBN 978-3-942281-89-8 Inhalt Einleitung 11 »Die besten Zeiten, die schlimmsten Zeiten« Jenseits des Märchens der »zwei Sechzigerjahre« 17 Der Weather Underground – Mythos und Realität 22 Erster Teil SDS und die globale Revolution 25 I. Amerikas moralisches Gewissen erschüttern Der Aufstieg der Students for a Democratic Society 27 Die Ausbildung einer Bewegung 30 Organisieren auf dem Campus, organisieren im ganzen Land 35 Von der Erschütterung des Gewissens zur Erschütterung des Systems 40 II. Der Imperialismus ist der Feind Black Power und die Entwicklung einer Strukturanalyse 47 Spaltungen der Bewegung und wachsende Militanz 51 Den Krieg nach Hause tragen – an die Elite-Unis: Die Rebellion an der Columbia als Katalysator für weißen Radikalismus 57 Demokratie als Leidenschaft 62 Polizeirandale, Bewegungsrandale: Der Sommer 1968, nationale Befreiungsbewegungen in den USA und die Staatsgewalt 64 Die Grenzen der Gewaltlosigkeit 67 Der Aufstieg der Frauenbewegung 68 III. Eine FBI-Durchsuchung sagt mehr als Tausend Worte Staatliche Repression, die Bewegung und die Medien 71 Den Überbringer der Botschaft töten: Staatliche Repression und radikale Medien 78 Mainstream-Medien als Waffe der staatlichen Repression 81 7 IV. Zwei, drei, viele SDS Das Ende des SDS, der Anfang neuer Gruppen 85 Tumulte auf dem Kongress 93 Jenseits der Schuldzuweisungen: Der Tod des SDS, nicht das »Ende der Sechziger« 100 Zweiter Teil Die Weather Underground Organization und weißer Antirassismus 103 V. Eine rote Linie Weatherman und militanter Antirassismus 105 Hinein in die Weather-Maschine 114 Den Krieg nach Hause tragen, nach Chicago 117 Die Tage des Zorns und antiimperialistische Gewalt in den Vereinigten Staaten 125 In Blut geboren: Die Polizeimorde an Fred Hampton und Mark Clark als Auslöser für die Gründung von Weather Underground 129 »Mental aufputschen« Der Kriegsrat von Flint und der Gang in den Untergrund 133 VI. Sackgassen und Neuanfänge. Die Explosion im Townhouse und ihre Nachwehen 137 Die Townhouse-Explosion im größeren Zusammenhang 140 Amerikas Meistgesuchte 142 Militanter Antirassismus: Die Politik des Weatherman Underground 144 Kriegserklärung 146 Einschwingen, Aufdrehen – und Ausbrechen 148 Knäste und Krieg: Angriffe auf das Herz des Imperialismus 151 Die »oberirdische« Wirkung von Weatherman 153 Ein Kommuniqué der Besinnung 155 New Morning – Stormy Weather? 157 Bewaffnete Propaganda: Das Modell Weather Underground 159 VII. Zurückschlagen Den Untergrund aufbauen und den Kampf mit dem Staat eröffnen 163 Im Untergrund, unter Beobachtung, unter Beschuss Versuche der Regierung, Weather Underground zu zerschlagen 167 8 Ein Untergrund entsteht in der Schwarzenbewegung 173 Antwort auf die Gewalt des Staates 175 Frauen voran 181 Die Revolution kommunizieren Die Kommuniqués von Weather Underground 187 VIII. Ein einzelner Funke Prairie Fire und das Sprechen aus der Klandestinität heraus 195 Prairie Fire: Die Politik des revolutionären Anti-Imperialismus 196 Prairie Fire: Ein Schritt vor, einer zurück? 204 IX. John Brown und viel Gerede Neue Projekte und der Anfang vom Ende 211 Eine Hinwendung zur Massenbewegung: Das Prairie Fire Organizing Committee 213 Neue Fragen erwachsen aus dem Kontext der Zeit 214 Osawatomie: Nicht länger in Kansas 218 Die Schlacht von Boston 230 Kampf um die Ausrichtung: Klasse, Geschlecht und Weather Underground 232 Vom Untergrund zu Underground: Die WUO auf der großen Leinwand 235 X. Harte Zeiten Das Ende der Weather UndergroundOrganization 239 Richtungskämpfe: Hard Times und die WUO 242 Auseinanderfallen … 246 … der Versuch, inmitten der Trümmer voranzukommen 249 Sektiererei beim Zerfall von Weather Underground 251 Der Nachhall in der legalen Szene 253 Neubewertungen, Neugründungen, Neuaufbau Leben nach Weather Underground 256 XI. Aus dem Untergrund hinter Schloss und Riegel Die Brink’s-Affäre und das Leben als politischer Gefangener 261 Juristische Kämpfe: Runde Eins 268 Juristische Kämpfe: Runde Zwei 273 9 Gefängnisse und politische Gefangene in den Vereinigten Staaten 276 Das Erbe von Weather Underground und die Brink’s-Affäre 281 Dritter Teil Lektionen und Erbe 283 XII. Die Politik der Solidarität Lehren und Erbe von Weather Underground 285 Eine weiße Kampftruppe Rasse, die Vorrechte der Weißen und weiße Vorherrschaft 288 Rasse, Klasse und Kolonialismus: Die Klassenanalyse von Weather 295 Militanz, Konfrontation und der Untergrund 300 Interne Dynamiken: Demokratie und Gruppenprozesse 307 Weatherman neu betrachtet: Geschlecht, Sexualität und Feminismus 308 Gefängnisse und politische Gefangene 313 Globalisierung, Krieg und Internationalismus 317 Die Politik der Solidarität im 21. Jahrhundert 320 Epilog 323 Biographien 329 Danksagungen 339 Anmerkungen 343 10 Einleitung Wir studieren die Geschichte nicht aus Gründen der Nostalgie oder der Exotik, sondern um daraus die Lektionen zu beziehen, die uns be- fähigen, Geschichte zu machen, für eine Zukunft zu kämpfen, die allen Menschen die Bedingungen für ihr Überleben bietet und die Möglich- keit, einen positiven Beitrag zu leisten. David Gilbert1 Die Fahrt vom Zuhause meiner Kindheit in der Vorstadt von Syracuse im Bundes- staat New York zum berüchtigtsten Gefängnis dieses Bundesstaats ist bemerkenswert einfach. Nach einem kurzen Abstecher an die Orte, an denen ich mich während der Sommerferien von der University of Florida immer gern aufhielt, fahre ich etwa zwei Stunden, erst auf dem New York State Thruway und dann auf einem kleinen Highway, der durch größtenteils weiße, ländliche Städte führt, die scheinbar in den Fünfzigern steckengeblieben sind. In der Nähe des Dorfes Attica weht eine Konföderierten-Flagge von der Veranda eines Hauses. Mein Ziel, die Attica Correctional Facility, ist der größ- te Arbeitgeber der Gegend und eine Einrichtung, in der vor allem Schwarze und La- tinos gefangen sind – so wie auch in anderen Gefängnissen im Land. Die Flagge stellt ein Beispiel für die Verbindung von Rassismus und Inhaftierung in den Vereinigten Staaten dar. Sie ist eine ernüchternde Erinnerung daran, wer hier bewacht wird und wer fürs Bewachen zuständig ist. Eine schaurige Stille erfasst das Auto, als ich in den Ort hineinfahre. Attica liegt, beinahe buchstäblich, im Schatten des Hochsicherheitsgefängnisses, berühmt für die Häftlingsrevolte von 1971 – und den darauf folgenden tragischen und brutalen An- griff durch den Bundesstaat New York, bei dem 29 Häftlinge und zehn Wächter ums Leben kamen.2 Die grauen Festungsmauern des Gefängnisses erstrecken sich scheinbar meilen- weit. Wachtürme mit schwerer Bewaffnung, Kameras und Suchscheinwerfern sowie ebenso schwerbewaffnete Männer erscheinen alle zehn Meter, die einzigen sichtbaren Hinweise auf Hochtechnologie an der ansonsten mittelalterlich wirkenden Außensei- te. Ich biege in die zweite Einfahrt ein, parke und steige aus. 11 Dan Berger · Im Herzen der Bestie »Dort können Sie nicht parken«, schreit eine Stimme vom Wachturm. Nachdem ich den Anweisungen des Wärters folgend zum gegenüberliegenden
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