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The Slave-States of America

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The Slave-States of America f— / // fr/ ’ ./";/~/.fl 7/ v ,.////( /’//////////./ }/. /ri'/;//,/ (' “*her Sun Kr C° Iowlon 8: Fans 4 J THE SLAVE STATES OI" AMERICA. BY J. S. BUCKINGHAM, ESQ. AUTHOR or “ AMERICA, HISTORICAL, BTATIBTIC, AND DESCRIPTII'E." IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. II. FISHER, SON, & CO. NEWGATE ST. LONDON; RYE 5T. normnfi. Imus. CONTENTS OF VOL. II. CHAP. 1. Journey from Charleston to Columbia— Capture of a live alligator— Excessive heat -— Nightphawlr — Daybreak— Field negroes - Slavery— Song of forest birds-Fields of cotton, corn, and indigo— Sunrise -Night-mists—Country fevers—Deserted village—River Congarec— Arrival at Columbia—Wealthy planters—Frequency of husbands marry ing many wives—Unimpsssioned character of American attachments— History of Columbia—Seat of govemment_Plan of the city—College and State institutions—Course of studies—Peculiarities of Southern society—Churches and religious sects—Population, white and black, condition of each—Legal decisions on negro cases—English fashionable novels—Lady Bulwer and Miss Martineau— Sand-hill country seats l CHAP. ll. From Columbia to Augusta—Lexington—Healthiness of this region-New description of cotton recently grown here—Early song of hirds— Leesville —Country-houses—Mosquito-hawk—Edgefield—Approach to Augusta— Cotton cultivation—Great increase in the quantity produced—Difl'erent kinds of cotton grown—Entry into Hsmburgh—Caravun of slaves—Arri val at the Planter's Hotel-Entire destruction of the hotel by fire—Lessee sustained by this sudden conflagration—Supposed to be the work of dis contented slaves—Frequent adoption of this mode of revenge—Conduct of Southern students towards sbolitionists . .... ...................... .. 35 CHAP. Ill. Departure from Augusta for Athens—Joumey to Greensborough—Anecdote of a zealous Methodist preacher—Stage-route to Athens—Ascending country—Oak lands—River Oconee—Rattlesnakes abounding on the lower banks—Excessive drOught—Crops of wheat and oats—Introduction of Baden corn—Extreme productiveness—Mulatto corn and cotton by amalgamation—Arrival at Salem—Violent storm—Halt at Wutkinsville -Arrival at Athens ..... ............ ....... 58 CONTENTS. CHAP. lV. Public funeral of the late Judge Clayton—Oration delivered over his corpse —Startling statement of prevailing infidelity—Robberies by negroes— Grotesque exhibition of the militia-mnster-Phi-Kappa and Demosthe nian societies —Description of Athens-Population, character, and man ners—Organization and government of the University—Classical names of places—Strength of local attachment—Literary taste of the South Entire expulsion of the neg'roes to Africa advocated—The blacks con sidered to he the “great beast“ of Scripture—The church declares that "slavery is not a moral evil "—Appearance and manners of a Southern debating club - Brilliant evening party at the Univcrsity_ Style of Southern hcuuty, dress, and manners-Botanical garden—Night-blooming Cercus-Mineralogical collection—Indian antiquities ................... .. 60 CHAP. V. History and condition of the Cherokee Indians-Territory assigned to the Indians west of the Mississippi—Opposite opinions as to the policy of uniting the Indians—Numbers, character, and condition of the Choctaws —Numbers of the Creeks, their territory and govemment—Smaller tribes -lndigenous races of Western lndians—The Pawnees, their present uncivilized state—Kickapoos—lndian prophet—Provisions for educating the lndians—Missions established among the tribes—Whole number of Indians on the North American continent-Human sacrifice of a Sioux girl taken in war ........................................ .................... .. 97 CHAP. Vl. Environs of Athens— Springs of Helicon—Cotton factories—Blacks and whites employed together—Slave labour and free—Dissatisfaction at the mode of levying taxes—Whitney's cotton-gin-_Fourth of July oration— English and American orators—Slight influence of ladies on manners in America—Description of American parties by a native writer—Nocturnal removal of a house by negroes-Negro girls used as footmen behind carriages—Excessive afi'ectation of delicacy—Anecdote of a Dutchman and a Moravian preacher—X’rOtIaCted meetings of the Presbyterian church ...................................................... lll CHAP. Vll. Joumey to the Madison Springs—Forest Scenery—Birds-Madison Springs ;‘2‘LM —-Carnesville — Specimen of an American village—Camesville to the Falls of Tukoa— Log-church and graves— Deep solitude—Uprooted trees -l“0rest sunset—lnhospitality of a Georgian farmer—Curraghce moun CONTENTS. tuin—Fnlls of Tukoa—From Tukoa to the Falls of Tuloola—Log-huts —White settlcrs— Splendid view from the mountains— Visit to the Cataract of Tuloola—Splendid scenery-From Tuloola to the Tugaloo river-Descent of the mountain—Cottage girl—Silkworms and silk— Fashions from New York—Farmers emigrating to the Mississippi-Sham and executioner ...................................................... ....... .. 140 CHAP. Vlll. Description of Greenville—lncreased value of land—The Pine Mountain -Wolf and fox hunting—Rattlesnakes and serpents—Remarkable table rock—Political celebrations—Singular toasts—Influence of women on politics—Flatteries of the sex— Homage to men in power—Laconic edi torials—English settlers in Greenville—Extortion of coach proprietors— Taken before a magistrate— Successful issue of the case ........... 175 CHAP. IX. Journey to Flatrock—Turnpikes—Residence of Mr. Baring—Country houses of the South—Beautiful scenery—Crossing the Blue Ridge— Rivers flowing westward to the Mississippi—Arrival at Asheville—French Broad River-Horses and mules—Primitive canoes—Warm Springs—— Baths—Religion and gambling— Slave-breeding_Men selling their own offspring ............................................................................ .. 192 CHAP. IX.“ History of the State of North Carolina—Charter of Charles the Second— Principal events—Insurrection of the “ Regulators“ against the lawyers -—Progressive increase of Population, free and slaves—Extent of area, and boundaries of the State—Excursion beyond the mountains, by Finlay and Boone—Mineral wealth—Iron mines— The Gold Region—Commerce —Seaports—Cnnals— Railroads-Chief towns-Raleigh—The new State house-Literary fund—Legislature—Judiciary—University—Academy— Rcligious bodies .............................. ......................... .. 215 CHAP. X. Departure from the Warm Springs-Journey along the banks of the French Broad River—Beautiful trees—Spreading vines—The Pleasant Bank -—Fluctuations in temperature—The Painted Rocks—The Chimnies— Entry into the State of Tennessee—Mountain precipices—Deep glens— Tree-frogs_-Splendid view—Bears in the wood—Log-hut—Visit to a great Cave -Stalactytes—-Pulpit, organ, and spring—Night Journey— CHAP. II. From Columbia to Augusta—Lexington—Healthiness of this region—New description of cotton recently grown here— Early song of birds—Leesville—Country-houses—Mosquito hawk—Edgefield—Approach to Augusta—Cotton cultivation —Great increase in the quantity produced—Different kinds of cotton grown—Entry into Hamburgh—Caravan of slaves— Arrival at the Planter’s hotel—Entire destruction of the hotel by fire—Losses sustained by this sudden conflagration—Sup posed to be the work of discontented slaves—Frequent adop tion of this mode of revenge—Conduct of Southern students towards Abolitionists. ON Saturday the 15th of June, we left Columbia for Augusta, and having taken the whole of the stage for ourselves, we had the advantage of room and comfort, which, in this hot weather, was espe cially agreeable. Leaving Columbia about four o’clock, we crossed the Congaree river by the bridge over which we entered the town from Charleston, and soon got into the woods, which continued all the way, with little intermission, till we reached the village of Lexington, about thirteen miles from Columbia. Lexington is a very favourite name in the United States, there being not less than eighteen towns already so called—after Lexington in Massachusetts, about eleven miles from Boston, where the first blood was shed in the revolutionary war. That, however, is still a small place, having not more than 1,500 inhabitants. There is 9. Lexington in New York State, with 2,500 inhabitants. But the largest town of this name is in Kentucky, containing 7,000 inha bitants. There are no less than three Lexingtons in Pennsylvania, and three in Ohio; the others are D Q 86 SOUTH CAROLINA. in Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, so that they are widely scattered. Three miles beyond Lex ington we arrived at a single post-house, called, as is the custom here, after the name of the man who kept it, Rawles’s, where we were to sleep for a few hours, having reached this at eight o’clock, intending to start again in the morning at two. The house, though humble, was one of the neatest and cleanest of its kind. In the piazza or balcony in front, it had water, with a tin wash-basin, soap, and a rolling towel, provided for the passengers; and in the interior it had clean beds and wholesome fare, which we enjoyed greatly. The old host, nearly eighty years of age, was courteous, intelligent, and communicative; and his sons and daughters were affable and obliging. He had taken a part in the revolutionary war, being then a young man about twenty; he fought in several of the battles and skirmishes that took place in South Carolina, with the British troops, who came up thus far from Charleston. He was a native of this State, and had never been out of it. His principal occupation had been farming, and to this
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