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First Record of the Opossum Shrimp, Mysis Diluviana (Crustacea: Mysida) from Arkansas K Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 70 Article 51 2016 First Record of the Opossum Shrimp, Mysis diluviana (Crustacea: Mysida) from Arkansas K. Schanke Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality H. W. Robison Southern Arkansas University N. J. Wentz Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality C. T. McAllister Eastern Oklahoma State College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Schanke, K.; Robison, H. W.; Wentz, N. J.; and McAllister, C. T. (2016) "First Record of the Opossum Shrimp, Mysis diluviana (Crustacea: Mysida) from Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 70 , Article 51. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol70/iss1/51 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 70 [2016], Art. 51 First Record of the Opossum Shrimp, Mysis diluviana (Crustacea: Mysida) From Arkansas K. Schanke1, H.W. Robison2, N.J. Wentz1, and C.T. McAllister3* 1Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality, North Little Rock, AR 72118 2Department of Biology, Southern Arkansas University, Magnolia, AR 71754-9354 3Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745 *Correspondence: [email protected] Running Title: Mysis diluviana in Arkansas Opossum shrimps are tiny aquatic crustaceans biramous, and only the first 2 are maxillipeds. Males (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Mysida) which superficially may be distinguished by having a modified fourth resemble true shrimps. The mysid species of the North pleopod, the exopod of which is very long, while in American Great Lakes, formerly identified as Mysis females, the last 2 pairs of periopods have flattened, relicta, has been renamed Mysis diluviana Audzijonyte lamellar, ventrally projecting endites, called oostegites. and Väinölä based on molecular studies (Väinölä et al. The oostegites form a marsupium in which the eggs are 1994, Audzijonytë and Väinölä 2005, Dooh et al. incubated thus giving the group its name, opossum 2006). These works separated M. relicta into 4 shrimps. Each of the 4 species of the M. relicta group separate species and collectively these species are now has distinct genetic and morphological characteristics referred to as the M. relicta species group. Mysis and morphological features such as length and shape of diluviana inhabits continental freshwater lakes of the the setae can also be examined to identify them. They once-glaciated northern North America, including the are not easily confused with 2 other freshwater shrimps Great Lakes (Audzijonytë and Väinölä 2005). The inhabiting Arkansas (see Robison and McAllister purpose of this note is to provide the first 2011), Paleomonetes kadiakensis or Macrobrachium documentation of M. diluviana in Arkansas with ohione, both much larger than opossum shrimps. voucher specimens deposited in a museum repository. Between 13–16 November 2012, 32 specimens of Geographic Distribution opossum shrimps were collected from the lower Cache Mysis diluviana inhabits continental freshwater River at the Monroe/Prairie County line (34.581364°N, lakes of the once-glaciated northern North America, 93.883678°W), by NW using a D-frame aquatic dip net including the Great Lakes and other deep coldwater (Appendix). All specimens were initially sent to HWR lakes across Canada and in northern parts of the United for identification. Following a tentative identification States, including those in Wisconsin and New York of M. diluviana, 2 specimens were forwarded to the (Dadswell 1974, Pennak 1989, Audzijonyte and Curator of Crustaceans, Dr. C.A. Taylor, Illinois Väinölä 2005). The species has been termed a glacial Natural History Survey (INHS), Champaign, Illinois, relict since it inhabits areas covered by ice sheets for verification of the original identification and during the last glacial period. deposition in the INHS Crustacean Collection. Dr. Taylor confirmed the identity of specimens as M. Introductions diluviana. The remaining 30 opossum shrimp are Mysis diluviana has been introduced to lakes currently in the personal collection of KS. outside its native range as a forage base for fishes, including Lake Tahoe in California and Nevada and Description Kootenay Lake in British Columbia, Canada (Clemens Opossum shrimps are quite small (12–14 mm), et al. 1939, Sparrow 1964). Additional stockings were with stalked compound eyes, and a single carapace made at 5 Montana lakes upstream of Flathead Lake covering the head and thorax without completely (Bosworth 2011), and in many other lakes of the masking the underlying parts (Fitzpatrick 1983). The western USA and Canada (Spencer et al. 1999). A carapace is not attached posteriorly as it is in decapod single M. diluviana was collected from Lake crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, shrimps and crayfishes). Demopolis, Alabama in 2004 (Foster et al. 2015). Thoracic appendages in these shrimps are thin and Opossum shrimps have also been previously reported Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 70, 2016 289 Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2016 289 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 70 [2016], Art. 51 K. Schanke, H.W. Robison, N.J. Wentz, and C.T. McAllister from adjacent coastal Louisiana and Texas (Fitzpatrick Flathead Lake, Montana (Spencer et al. 1999). The 1983, Porter et al. 2008). However, they have not been smaller opossum shrimp replaced larger native species previously documented from Arkansas (Bouchard and but were unable to keep up with the growth of algae in Robison, 1980, Robison and McAllister, 2011) despite the Lake. Furthermore, the benthic tendencies of this numerous intensive aquatic macroinvertebrate surveys species provided a massive new food source for bottom in the state by Cather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp dwelling lake trout, allowing the trout to increase their (1980), Farris and Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp population and overtake kokanee (non-anadromous (1982), Higgins and Harp (1983), Cochran and Harp form of sockeye salmon) as top predator in Flathead (1990), Chordas et al., (1996), Harp and Robison Lake (Bosworth 2011). (2006), and over 45 yrs of personal collecting in Arkansas by Dr. G.L. Harp (Arkansas State University Study Sites in Arkansas [ASU]) and HWR. The lower Cache River at the Monroe/Prairie County line (Fig. 1) is characterized by 2 different Ecology channel types. The upper portion of the lower Cache Mysis diluviana is typically found in deep, cold River above the Bayou DeView confluence remains oligotrophic lakes with high levels of dissolved oxygen sinuous and only altered by levees and channelization where it occurs mainly below the thermocline, in the extreme headwaters. The Cache River below the however, it has also been reported from brackish and Bayou DeView confluence is channelized to the estuarine waters (Dadswell 1974, Pennak 1989). It confluence with the White River near Clarendon (~11 opportunistically feeds on zooplankton when abundant km). However, The Nature Conservancy and partners but when scarce, it will feed on phytoplankton, are working to restore and reconnect previously suspended organic debris, or from the surface of disconnected backwaters. Overall, both portions of the benthic organic deposits (Pennak 1989, Anderson Cache River are best described as highly turbid, deltaic 2010). They live for just 2 yr and become sexually systems. Aquatic habitat of the study area was mature at 12–14 mm. Breeding takes place in the predominantly sand with small clay aggregates winter with adults carrying young in a brood pouch forming gravel like substrate. At all 4 of our collection until fully developed in spring (Pennak 1989). sites (Appendix), aquatic vegetation was sparse with large woody debris being the primary instream Helminth Parasites structure. Opossum shrimps have been reported to harbor It is obvious that M. diluviana is not a native procercoids of the cestode, Cyathocephalus truncatus member of the Arkansas aquatic fauna but why have Pallas (Amin 1978), nematodes, Cystidicola stigmatura they eluded capture previously or are they from a more (Leidy) (Smith and Lankester 1979), an echinorhynchid acanthocephalan cystacanth (Wolff 1984), and Echinorhynchus leidyi (Van Cleave) (Prychitko and Nero 1983). Although we did not examine our M. diluviana for endoparasites, this information suggests that these shrimp can serve as intermediate hosts of a suite of parasites and could potentially introduce them into Arkansas. Significance Within its native range M. diluviana has been shown to be an important prey item for freshwater fishes (Nesler and Bergersen 1991). However, when introduced into what was considered to be an "empty" niche, its impact on the aquatic community is significant. Dramatic changes and species extinctions of native zooplankton communities have been attributed to the opportunistic feeding habits of M. diluviana.
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