EWUARE the GREAT Copyright Reserved ISBN; 978-978-959-553-2

EWUARE

THE GREAT

A Historical Play from Benin

Odu Dyke Martin Esq

EWUARE THE GREAT Copyright reserved ISBN; 978-978-959-553-2.

This book may not be copied or reprinted for Commercial gain or profit or used for any other Purpose except with the prior request and permission Obtained from the author.

Published by 4sight publication. a division of 4sight International 32 Mission Road, Benin City, Edo State.

iii DEDICATION

His Majesty, Omo n‟ Oba n‟ Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Oba Ewuare 11 of Benin. And all who hold fast to Cultural ideals.

iv FOREWORD History told is a treasure. When written, it becomes marble-engraved. The royal history of Benin is vested with intrigues and suspense which becomes a panoptic visage for venturing into the once powerful kingdom of pre- colonial Africa.

Benin fame and militaristic might was not a happenstance, but the product of the dedicated shrewdness of the various Oba‟s who ascended the throne at various times in its tall history. The story will be told for many generations after we must have become naught.

In this historical play, Martin has tried to weave a narrative of the events of the rise and glaring exploits of one of the greatest Oba in Benin monarchical history. Ewuare is the Oba who has remained evergreen in the consciousness of the culture and people of Benin.

His reign flourished as he conquered many nations and brought many innovations. As a valiant, he fought many battles that expanded the kingdom and fortified it naturally and spiritually. Ewuare‟s acuity endeared him to his people and helped to form the external followers that spanned a vast geographical scope.

By adopting the nomenclature of one of the greatest Oba that reigned in Benin, the present Oba has shown the very essence of history which prevaricates knowledge of the deed of greatness and the quest to replicate models that worked in time past. The acceptance speech he gave at his installation on the 28th day of October, 2016, was a reinforcement of the one offered by Ewuare in the medieval.

A play such as this can only facilitate inculcation of historical memory of the consciousness of the people, giving them sense of pride as a people and helping to rekindle ideals of cultural revival. By poking on the very essence of Benin monarchy, Martin is challenging us to find our spot in historical lessons which we must individually and collectively preserve.

The play is whimsical in the information offered and the style adopted. Through the incorporation of multiple voices, the essence of collective leadership is forged. It also makes the obvious, which is, that to reach our collective goals, there is need for constant dialogue. It was such dialogue that strengthened Ewuare‟s personality and brought him closer to his people.

vi This historical play is timely as we grapple with modernity and its attendant consequences, which wreath large today. I cannot think of any better time for this to be written.

College students, this literal piece is a must as you begin to understand the essence of Benin historical memory. It is with the knowledge of its significance in the vaults of erudition that I will happily recommend this addition as a potential vignette in the pieces that will help to further recreate a comprehensive account of ancient and modern Benin history.

Professor Ndubuisi Ezeluomba. University of Florida, United State of America.

vii AKNOWLEDGEMENT

Profound gratitude first above all, goes to the almighty God, who gave me life and sustained me through this journey of existence.

A thousand thanks go to his royal majesty that encouraged me in 2006 by perusing the manuscript transmitted to him through his aide Prince Ogbewe.

My parents and family are also to share in this epiphany of gratitude.

The creativity that went into the creation of this book was borne from the patience and nurturing enjoyed by my folks.

All my teachers and instructors at the Theater Arts Department, University of Benin are not left out. Your diligence and willingness to create the atmosphere of creativity is much appreciated.

Ounce of accolade also go to Loveth Owomwanre Aghedo for helping me with the Benin songs.

I have always admired Wole Soyinka, and will try to stand and maintain this creative aperture, which I hope will be beneficial to humankind

viii To those who I have not individually addressed, be assured that you are very much remembered and appreciated.

Odu Dyke Martin.

ix EWUARE THE GREAT

DRAMATIS PERSONAE

NARRATOR

OBA OROBIRU OBA UWAIFIOKUN-Irughe - Oba‟s of Benin OBA EWUARE – Ogun

IYASE - - - - Prime Minister

CHIEF OLIHA CHIEF OLOTON - The Uzamas CHIEF ERO CHIEF EZOMO

CHIEF OGIEFA CHIEF IHAMA Prominent Benin Chiefs CHIEF OLOGBOSERE

EMOTAN - - A good woman of Benin

x WAVE 1

Benin song Edo mwen nu wa ooo Aisagbon rio Oba Odowa ke ru re ee Aighi sagbon buomwan oooooo Ehi o zor mwan gie ooo Eee…yaa….

English My great people of Edo Kingship is not ordained here on earth It is divinely ordained Destiny is not chosen on earth It is divinely chosen by fate.

NARRATOR In the Benin mythology, succession to the throne is hereditary and almost an exclusive right of the first son, however, Oba Ohen was not the eldest son amongst late Oba Oguola‟s children, he was the third yet circumstance made him reign over the people. He further dented the modus by decreeing that all his four sons should have quick succession to the throne in a hierarchical order.

Oba Ohen is a very handsome Oba, but unfortunately as he grew, he became physically

1 weak, thus he lacked the acumen to rule his people properly. Along the line, he became lame on the right leg and kept it from his Chiefs, even the Iyase who is believed to be his closest friend and adviser. The Oba sent his guards to kill the Iyase, when he knew that Iyase has discovered his secret, this is because he felt that people‟s knowledge of his disability might reduce their loyalty and reverence for him. When the Chiefs got wind of Iyase‟s clandestine murder, they all became afraid. They thought, „if the snake could swallow its own eggs, what would happen to that of the mother hen?‟ It was upon this assumption and morbid fear that the Chiefs connived to murder Oba Ohen in his palace.

After the Oba‟s death, his eldest son Egbeka mounted the throne, but he was too young and eventually, he died only after a short time on the throne and this shifted the mantle of leadership to his immediate younger brother Prince Orobiru. Orobiru was said to be weak and as such taken advantage of. He was lured into banishing his younger brother Prince Ogun (Ewuare) from the kingdom simply because of the fear they have for him.

(SCENE OPENS)

At the Oba‟s Palace is seated Chief Oliha and Chief Oloton patiently waiting for the Oba to emerge from the inner chambers. CHIEF OLIHA (In almost a whisper) I think the reign of Oba Orobiru is quite rewarding to all his Chiefs.

CHIEF OLOTON That‟s true Oliha, we have liberty to do whatever we so wish without his raising an eyebrow. (pause) Well he still benefit from it, at least the entire Chiefs have pledged their loyalty and continual support to him.

CHIEF OLIHA But I notice that the people are not happy with the entire Uzama‟s and even the Iyase.

CHIEF OLOTON (Interrupting) why?

CHIEF OLIHA Basically because of our policies, they clamoured to the Oba by way of protest, but …

3 CHIEF OLOTON (Interjecting) But how come I was not aware of this?

CHIEF OLIHA The delegates came to the Oba when you were sent to Ute to speak to the people on behalf of the Oba concerning the quarrel between them and their neighbours.

CHIEF OLOTON Oh I see, it is true, it is true.

CHIEF OLIHA (Pause for a while) however, the Oba did not listen to them.

CHIEF OLOTON (Touching Oliha tantalizingly on the shoulder) my brother, I thought I was the only one who has noticed the people‟s animosity as well as the Oba‟s defiance, however, I had never thought the anger was towards the Uzama‟s.

CHIEF OLIHA That does not even bother me one bit, the Oba will always be on our side, he will only listen to us and not the people. Besides, if he chooses to stand against us he will end up like his father.

CHIEF OLOTON (Laughing) Ah Oliha! You‟ve never liked Oba Ohen.

CHIEF OLIHA Well, I have my own personal reason for disliking Oba Ohen, but that was not the reason behind the plotting of his death, was it?

CHIEF OLOTON No Chief, but I think this privilege we enjoy today may not last long.

CHIEF OLIHA Why?

CHIEF OLOTON Prince Ogun.

CHIEF OLIHA (Uneasy) what about him?

CHIEF OLOTON The people‟s love for him is increasing daily like a fermenting wine. Besides, he is strong and vibrant, a complete contrast of Oba Orobiru.

CHIEF OLIHA And what threat does that pose?

CHIEF OLOTON The eggs of the vulture must one day be hatched except if destroyed. Because of the

5 Oba‟s lack of interest for the people‟s complain, they have suddenly taken fancy of Prince Ogun knowing that he will be the next Oba. Oliha this premonition is not good, I think it is pertinent to see the Iyase so as to know how best to quench this threatening fire that is dangerously advancing towards us. (Iyase enters the Palace).

CHIEF OLIHA Ah! Here comes the Prime Minister (stands up) may you live long Chief Iyase, we were just talking about you.

CHIEF OLOTON Chief Iyase you are welcome. You will live long; we have just finished mentioning your name.

CHIEF IYASE I greet you both, hope all is well?

CHIEF OLIHA All is well but for the fact that there are beetles in the grain house.

CHIEF OLOTON (Chief Oliha and Iyase sits down) Prince Ogun is a threat to us. Those that are against our

6 policies knowing that they cannot get the Oba‟s attention now turns to the Prince, the next heir apparent to the throne.

CHIEF IYASE (Looking relax) may the gods of our ancestors be praise, I have been troubled by that thought, this act of telepathy is an indication that the gods are angry with the conducts of Prince Ogun. (pause) where is the Oba?

CHIEF OLOTON He will soon be out, he is aware that we are waiting.

CHIEF IYASE Yes, my brothers, the same matter you have raised has been on my mind and I have just come to warn Oba Orobiru against Prince Ogun.

CHIEF OLOTON Warn him! No Iyase, it is safer to remove an explosive from within the reach of a child than to warn him not to touch it.

CHIEF OLIHA Exactly, the Oba always listens to us, lets persuade him to kill Prince Ogun because if the 7 Prince becomes Oba after Orobiru, we will not enjoy these leverages as he will be too strong for us to wheel.

CHIEF IYASE It‟s true, I agree with you both, but how do we convince the Oba that… (The chiefs quickly spoke in whisper)

(Just then the Oba emerges from the inner Chambers and the three chiefs greet him in the traditional manner).

OBA OROBIRU (As he sits on his throne) you are welcome my chiefs (emphatically to Oliha) why the long face, I hope all the eggs are safe in the basket?

CHIEF OLIHA Your Majesty for now, all is well, but there is a great tremor that is about to quake and we are quick to foresee it.

OBA OROBIRU (Anxious) Tremor! The gods forbid that our land be turned apart Oliha. What is that thing that threatens the existence and peace of this great Kingdom? 8

CHIEF IYASE My lord the thing you seek to know is as strong as the blood that runs within your veins, and it will take a strong courage to fight against this tide of doom.

CHIEF OLIHA Your Majesty, the snag is your blood brother.

OBA OROBIRU My brother! (Touching his chest lightly) which of them?

CHIEF IYASE (Whispering to himself half aloud). It is often said that he that is particularly concerned about a case is also the most deaf to speculations about its details.

OBA OROBIRU What was that?

CHIEF IYASE Sorry my lord, I was only thinking aloud.

CHIEF OLIHA (In a bitter tone) your Majesty, Prince Ogun is the threat, he is trying to complete what he has started.

9 OBA OROBIRU (Angry) Talk! Talk!! Talk!!! Don‟t keep me in suspense Oliha what was it he started and how?

CHIEF OLIHA Sorry your Majesty, I hate to tell you this, but the gods will not forgive us if we fail to unveil this treason confirmed by our collective clairvoyant instinct. (pause) Prince Ogun is instrumental to Oba Ohen‟s death.

OBA OROBIRU (Stands up) No, I don‟t believe it, that can‟t be true. (Sits down)

CHIEF OLIHA It‟s hard to believe my lord, but we have chosen to take our chance in convincing you at least we will be innocent of not keeping a close lip. (Advances towards the Oba) don‟t be ignorant of the fact that Prince Ogun was Oba Ohen‟s favourite and he hardly goes anywhere without the Prince.

OBA OROBIRU Yes, I know that.

10 CHIEF OLIHA So how come he couldn‟t mention those that were responsible for your father‟s death? Or why was he not also killed by the murderers?

CHIEF IYASE My lord (stands up) have you ever wondered why anyone would want to kill Oba Ohen if not to usurp power?

CHIEF OLOTON My lord, the murder of Oba Ohen is not the subject at stake now.

CHIEF OLIHA Exactly your Majesty, his present plan to kill you and take over power is what disturbs us. My lord we have fulfilled our obligation of being loyal and transparent to the crown, It is often said that what you do not kill will kill you.

OBA OROBIRU What are you suggesting Oliha! That I order the killing of my blood brother?

CHIEF OLIHA My lord, you must put sentiment aside, Ogun has to be killed for the peace of the kingdom.

11 CHIEF OLOTON (Quickly adds) there is no sacrifice too great for our great kingdom. CHIEF IYASE My lord, you are the only one that can knock him off this pedestal, you have the unfettered power. Besides, it‟s also in your own interest.

CHIEF OLOTON Your Majesty, this is nothing but taking an elementary caution to save your throne. History has no beginning in view and no end in sight, if we fail to study and learn from the past, history will repeat itself.

CHIEF OLIHA At least history will forgive us for keeping our allegiance of loyalty to the throne.

OBA OROBIRU (Gently sits down as he mumbles to himself) my own blood brother plotting to take my life! No wonder he is being exceedingly friendly to the people.

CHIEF OLIHA My lord, we don‟t have anything to gain instigating you against your own blood brother, all we 12 stand and advocate for is the truth, but if you see it from a different light…

OBA OROBIRU (Interjects) No! no Oliha, I do not doubt in any way, I am only thinking.

CHIEF IYASE My lord, don‟t think of anything other than vengeance.

OBA OROBIRU (Nodding his head) well, I thank you all for your loyalty to the throne, I thank you for intimating me of the evil plan of Prince Ogun, but I regret to say that I cannot have my hands soiled with his blood, but instead, I will banish him from the land. This I will do first thing tomorrow.

CHIEF IYASE As it pleases you my lord.

(The Chiefs greets collectively, Oba Ghatopere Ise)

LIGHT OUT.

13 WAVE 2

Benin song Eneze gbe ne tu (2x) Oma miu nu ya tie erahmwen orisa Oma ghi miu nu ya tie orie ze o Otubuo tubuo oo Nor ghi gbe vbamen

English He that is drowning in the river does not have mouth to cry. He that is drowning in the river does not have mouth to call his creator He only makes the drowning noise.

NARRATOR

Prince Ogun and his younger brother Prince Irughe are seen seated few yards from Oba Orobiru‟s Palace discussing.

PRINCE IRUGHE My brother, you will teach me those hunting skills of yours today.

PRINCE OGUN (Placing his hand on Irughe) I am going to Eyaen Village to settle

14 the dispute between our brothers there.

PRINCE IRUGHE (Surprise) but that is the responsibility of the Oba and his Chiefs.

PRINCE OGUN Our brother hardly leaves the Palace, and the chiefs are more interested in profitable ventures. Besides, the Odionwere there has pleaded that I should come and settle the fracas amongst the factions.

PRINCE IRUGHE The entire Citizens like you.

PRINCE OGUN Yes that must be because I am likeable don‟t you think so?

PRINCE IRUGHE (Laughs) I presume so, your strength, your humour, your endearing nature and your concern for the people‟s problems as well as protecting their interest are additional factors for the affinity.

15 PRINCE OGUN (Smiles) you are young my brother and you have much to learn about life, even the old do, for there is no limit to the yardstick of learning. As a Prince you must know that power will not carry you far without conscience.

PRINCE IRUGHE It‟s not as if I don‟t care at all about the people, but it‟s just that I also have my own worries to contend with even as a Prince.

PRINCE OGUN That‟s true, all men have their own share of trouble, for life without problem they say is like summers without flowers, but let‟s not allow our prejudice to destroy our vision and aspirations as nobles.

(Enter Chief Ezomo and some royal guards).

CHIEF EZOMO (Very grave) Prince Ogun you are under arrest, you must come with me to the palace immediately (he is circled by four

16 guards as if to prevent his escape).

PRINCE OGUN (Surprise) arrest! What is my offence Chief Ezomo?

CHIEF EZOMO I don‟t know, but when you get to the Palace, the Oba will unfold the details. So I will advise you to stop being curious, as curiosity will only compound your anxiety.

PRINCE IRUGHE Are you saying that you have come to arrest Ogun without knowing the crime he has committed?

CHIEF EZOMO It may seem to you both a miscarriage of justice, but the Prince has not been prosecuted, has he? Besides, I am only carrying out my duty.

PRINCE OGUN (Angry) then I regret to say that you have lost your capacity for rational conduct…..

CHIEF EZOMO (Interjects) Prince Ogun you can say whatever you like, I know

17 how you feel, but remember that a man cannot sow with a spiders web, and it will be total madness to question the Oba‟s authority. You are a Prince, you should know better, so please do not mistake my reticence for cowardice, I am only doing my job. Please let us go, the Oba is waiting. (they led Prince Ogun to the Palace with Prince Irughe accompanying them). (Song heard in the background) Benin song Ehi mwenooo Lare nu do su mwen ooo Ee ehi ooo

English. My fate/personal god Come and lead me.

(They enter the Palace)

OBA OROBIRU (Springs to his feet) here comes the traitor, (pointing at Prince Ogun) you think you can kill me like you killed our father? Ah, my

18 own brother plotting to kill me. It is true, the saying that the household of a man is filled with all manner of persons.

PRINCE OGUN My lord, I am confused, I don‟t know what you are talking about?

OBA OROBIRU Liar! Liar! You traitor; treason is a capital offence, but thank our ancestors that you have royal blood flowing in your vein, otherwise…

PRINCE OGUN (Interjects) but my lord, you don‟t jump into midstream to ask for the source of a river. Whatever it is you have heard, you have not asked me, yet you conclude your Majesty.

OBA OROBIRU (Smiles dryly) I now see the evidence of your wild drive; you speak as one already in authority and have now become very bold.

19 PRINCE IRUGHE (Uneasy) my lord, facts are profane and more honourable in the pursuit of truth please…

PRINCE OGUN (Interpose) the Oba has no fact against me for treason; he only wants to victimize me because we are not born of same mother.

OBA OROBIRU (More angry) you fool, what has this got to do with motherhood?

PRINCE OGUN Then tell me my lord, what is my offence, and who are those instigating you against me? Let me at least hear the truth behind this supreme conviction before I die. For I am nothing but an innocent Prince.

OBA OROBIRU (Grims) the excreta have no bone, but yet when you step on it you jump off repulsively. Ogun I have facts, and I am convinced by the information given me, so cut that show of innocence (point to Ogun). I cannot be fooled by you, I have always known you,

20 behind that façade of innocence lies a heart of stone.

PRINCE IRUGHE My lord, I don‟t know whoever it was that gave you this information, but I think you should look into it properly so as to ensure that it is not a calculated attempt to set confusion within the royal house. Anybody who says that the Oba‟s fingers was bitten by a masquerade should have his head properly examined, for how can he be sure that spirits have teeth? (pause) There is need for precaution my lord.

OBA OROBIRU (Angry), I am beginning to think that you might be part of this conspiracy.

PRINCE IRUGHE (Afraid) God forbid! Your Majesty, I am only pleading for clemency on his behalf. After all, we have the same blood flowing through us.

21 OBA OROBIRU (Sits down) history will not forgive me if I fail to take a decision, but history will forgive me if I take the wrong decision. (Turns to Ogun) I am not going to kill you. I will not have your blood on my hand. Chief Ezomo! (He calls the Chief).

CHIEF EZOMO Yes, my lord.

OBA OROBIRU You will take Prince Ogun to the other side of Ovia river (turns to Ogun) you are banished from the land, you will only return after my death, I am not in any way preventing you from taking your rightful place of the throne. I don‟t have anything personal against you, but I will not close my eyes and await destruction.

PRINCE OGUN If you don‟t have anything against me then why are you sending me away on a lopsided judgment. I deserve fair hearing for providence sake.

22 OBA OROBIRU (Stands up) I am the Oba of this kingdom, to hear me is to obey me and live, and to disobey me will be to force me into doing the contrary. (Turns to Chief Ezomo) take him away,

(Firmly guarded, they led the Prince out of the town with Prince Irughe seeing him off to Igo village).

PRINCE OGUN (Moody) I have been trapped by the jaws of misfortune, (shakes his head) and circumstance has made me desolate and an innocent victim of pain.

CHIEF EZOMO I am sorry about this, but all I will advise is that you should just believe that there is something inside of you that is superior to circumstance, and that your aspiration will not be cut short if your hands are clean.

PRINCE OGUN My exile today is quite an ominous sign of the harbinger of mysteries and evil that is set to

23 befall our great kingdom. (Turns to Prince Irughe) my brother, I will advise you don‟t go back home remain in Igo otherwise you may not be fortunate like me to be sent on exile.

PRINCE IRUGHE (Soberly) life is a river of many waters; it takes care and determination not to be drowned. Ogun, I will remain, I will take my chance, Osanobua shall be my guide.

PRINCE OGUN One last thing my brother, try to be transparent and honest to all men. Though it is my transparency that has led me this way, yet I have no regret. Those who keep the path of truth usually suffer persecution, but they live eternal in the hearts of their fellow citizens, who they have served. (Turns to Irughe) since you choose to return to Benin, I bid you goodbye here (they embraced) if I survive this, the gods will bring us back together someday, but until then,

24 I cease to be Prince Ogun, I will now bear Uwaifiokun, for I am sure that even out there the gods will bring me fortune.

PRINCE IRUGHE (In tears) may our ancestors go with you, guide and protect your paths.

PRINCE OGUN (Equally in tears) may this love we share never part from our hearts (they embraced again and parted).

LIGHT OUT

25 WAVE 3

Benin song Ehi mwen ooo Lare nu do su mwen ooo Ee ehi oo

English My fate/personal god Come and lead me.

NARRATOR

Life‟s ups and downs provide windows of opportunities to determine one‟s value, virtue and goals. From Usen, Prince Ogun entered Ohosu forest where he prepared a magic bag which he called agba-oko and this assisted him in battles. The prince crossed Siluko River at Izide and reached Okitipupa the land of the Ikales. He also traveled to Ijebu.

Prince Ogun was still travelling when Oba Orobiru died in 1430. For six months the throne was without an Oba to saddle it. Prince Irughe could not rule for according to him, his father‟s design was that he will only rule after Prince Ogun. But nobody knew the whereabout of Prince Ogun, whether he is dead or alive. Prince Irughe made an attempt to search for

26 his elder brother, at least to confirm that he was dead before mounting the throne so as not to create enmity by way of usurping power. He eventually concluded that Prince Ogun must have been killed by some wild animals or enemies, and so he ended his search and returned home to be crowned the new Oba.

The new Oba mounted the throne and renamed himself Uwaifiokun the name which Prince Ogun had earlier chosen for himself. However, his countenance was evaded by greed as he eventually was not willing to submit authority to the rightful person.

At the Oba‟s Palace

OBA UWAIFIOKUN (Mumbling almost half aloud to himself) thank goodness those bunch of misguided fanatics have been wiped off, only death and the gods can stop me from remaining on this throne. My conscience is clear, I have not usurped power, I searched practically everywhere and safely concluded that Ogun is dead before being crowned. Besides,

27 the kingdom cannot remain for eternity waiting for Prince Ogun. (smiles) to every dead end, is a new road. (stands and walk away from his seat) I swear (gesticulating with his finger) I will crush all oppositions with iron severity. (Enter Chief Ezomo and Chief Oliha. They both greeted the Oba and took their seats).

CHIEF OLIHA My lord, I hear that some neighbouring kings from the west are coming to visit your Majesty.

OBA UWAIFIOKUN That is not my priority for now Oliha, if they choose to come, let them come. (Turning to Ezomo) are there still persons protesting against my kingship?

CHIEF EZOMO No my lord, there is none visible for now your Majesty.

CHIEF OLIHA My lord, do you know what baffles me most about the

28 people? They still sing praise of Prince Ogun.

OBA UWAIFIOKUN They own their mouths if they like, let them eat excreta with it, so long as they don‟t soil me with it, they are excused.

CHIEF EZOMO If they could raise Prince Ogun from the grave, I know they would have long done so.

OBA UWAIFIOKUN (laughs), let them look for his remains, and breathe the breath of life into it so that he may live and crown over them.

CHIEF OLIHA (Thoughtfully) my lord, all this while, I have not found peace within me.

CHIEF EZOMO (Laughing) Oliha, where has your peace gone to?

CHIEF OLIHA This is not a joking matter Ezomo, I am very serious about it.

29 OBA UWAIFIOKUN (Shows interest) serious about what Oliha? You have not communicated anything to me yet.

CHIEF OLIHA My lord, security they say is mortals‟ chiefest enemy. You may be the Oba of Benin Kingdom now, you may have fame and success that brings to you all the good things of life but remember, it is only wisdom that can preserve all these lots.

CHIEF EZOMO (Adjust himself on his seat) what are you insinuating Chief Oliha?

OBA UWAIFIOKUN (Impatient) speak out, go to the point, I don‟t have patient for many words.

CHIEF OLIHA Forgive me my lord, I do not intend to keep you in suspense it‟s just that I am trying to say many things in one go.

OBA UWAIFIOKUN (Angry) you are still wasting my time Oliha.

CHIEF OLIHA My lord, Prince Ogun‟s death is based on assumption and speculation, nobody saw his remains, so he could as well show up any time to take his rightful place.

CHIEF EZOMO (Sitting upright) My lord that will spell doom for all of us.

CHIEF OLIHA And also bring shame to my lord‟s moral standing.

OBA UWAIFIOKUN (Slowly stands to his feet) what a fool I have been not to have thought of this, and to think that all these while I have been myopic (shake his head in disbelief) Oliha, Ezomo, please I will want to be alone for now, you should both excuse me. (As they made to leave) wait a minute! Ezomo, you should send spies to every town in the kingdom and beyond to watch out for Prince Ogun, he should be killed once sighted. There

31 shall be no limit to the sacrifice I will make to keep the throne.

CHIEF EZOMO I will do that right away your Majesty (they both leave).

OBA UWAIFIOKUN (Pacing up and down as he thinks aloud) he shall not escape the hangman‟s loop this time. He has no place here; he has slept over his right to the throne.

(At this point Chief Ogiefa enters the Palace greeting the king in traditional manner). (Ignoring the greeting) Thank God you are here, you arrived at the nick of time.

CHIEF OGIEFA My lord, I hope all is well?

OBA UWAIFIOKUN If all is well, the big rat will not be seen running and panting at noonday.

CHIEF OGIEFA What is the problem, my lord?

32 OBA UWAIFIOKUN Ogiefa, I just realized that I have been neglecting a vital duty.

CHIEF OGIEFA (Suprise) A vital duty?

OBA UWAIFIOKUN Yes Ogiefa, you see, Prince Ogun was not practically seen dead, it was our own assumption and conclusion, so what happens if he suddenly shows up? (Shakes his head) it will be a historic ridicule for me.

CHIEF OGIEFA But you said he was dead after your search, what exactly, were you told by those you inquired from?

OBA UWAIFIOKUN I cannot recall with particular clarity, but my summation was based under high probability.

CHIEF OGIEFA But then, no matter how strong, probabilities are not as strong as facts. Beside I don‟t assume warriors to be dead until I see their carcass.

33 OBA UWAIFIOKUN (Impatient) so what do we do?

CHIEF OGIEFA First, we send executioners to all nooks and crannies within and outside the kingdom to search for him…

OBA UWAIFIOKUN I have ordered that already. CHIEF OGIEFA Fine, then the next thing you will do, will be to win the loyalty of the entire Palace Chiefs.

OBA UWAIFIOKUN (With relief) thanks Ogiefa, what can I do without you? (They both laughs).

LIGHT OUT.

34 WAVE 4 Benin song (HUMMING THE SONG) Ehi mwen ooo Lare nu do su mwen ooo Ee ehi ooo

English. My fate/personal god Come and lead me.

NARRATOR Prince Ogun was however told of Oba Orobiru‟s death and the danger he will face if he decides to return to Benin, but he was bent on taking what rightfully belongs to him and so, he disguised as a pauper and entered the kingdom unnoticed by all those who sought to kill him, and headed for Emotan‟s stall pretending to be a customer in want of food.

PRINCE OGUN (In rags Enter‟s Emotan‟s stall) my mother, please I want to buy some food I am very hungry and thirsty for the journey has been far and rough for a poor man.

EMOTAN Ah young man, the food I sell has been exhausted, as you can see,

35 the day‟s business is done (hesitates a little) well, come inside let us share the little I have left for my evening meal.

PRINCE OGUN (Removing his disguise) so all I have heard about you in the foreign land is true?

EMOTAN (in shock) Prince Ogun! can this be real? Ah, thanks to Osanobua that you are still alive after all these years.

PRINCE OGUN You still recognize me? Well I am alive and well. I had to fight with my hands (stretching out his two hands) against my half brothers, spies and all other opposition to stay alive. I have used my obstacles to build for myself the kind of life I wanted, for I realized all through my adventurous years that nothing splendid has ever been achieved by men, except by those who dare, and so I took my chance. Though I now have my own kingdom out there, I have come to take what rightfully

36 belongs to me now that Oba Orobiru is dead.

EMOTAN My son, you are the peoples‟ only hope, they have not been fairly treated all these years by your brothers, they have been intimidated, oppressed and subjected to harsh policies by the king and his chiefs. I will help you get honest men both within and outside the Palace who will assist you (she brings out the food and they begin to eat).

PRINCE OGUN Thank you very much my mother‟s sister (pause) Eh, there is something personal I have always wanted to ask you.

EMOTAN (Draws closer) what is it my son?

PRINCE OGUN When I was told of your generosity, I was first mistaking you for some strangers because as a child, I grew up to know you as Uwaraye, so what prompted you to change your name?

37 EMOTAN (Laughs) my son, history is life and life abhors vacuum. There actually was a reason for that (pause) you see, after my many years of marriage without a child, my husband became contemptuous and began to see nothing good in anything I do. His incessant complains soon led him to brandishing me with the name Emiten, saying that I was lazy and slow in dispensing my domestic responsibilities. When he eventually died, I had no place to live and sell my wares, which were melon butter, cotton and other items. Osanobua however showed me favour in this market as my presence brought Ekioba to the limelight so much that the traders here started referring to me not only as Emiten, but also as the Queen of Ekioba. And it was that name Emiten that was gradually corrupted to Emotan by strangers.

PRINCE OGUN (Remorse) he should have been nice at least…

38 EMOTAN (Interjects) No, I have no indignation towards him for his attitude towards me at the latter days of our marriage. It is common to note that when a man is worried, he becomes short tempered (pause) my lord, that past has no root in this present circumstance, eat and rest.

PRINCE OGUN It has my mother, at least you are here to help me gain the scepter of authority that rightfully belongs to me.

EMOTAN (Laughs) It‟s a divine obligation or maybe it is because I have never liked Oba Uwaifiokun and his…

PRINCE OGUN (Quickly interjects) Ah don‟t call that name, the mention of it is like an orchestra of pain in my system, I don‟t want anything that will kill my appetite (pause) when I discovered that my brother whom I have trusted and loved with all my heart has eventually usurped the power that belongs to me, and organized a man hunt for my hurt,

39 my mood became as bitter and foul as the foaming concoction from the bitter leaves, my countenance of love fell like a pack of card, and hate filled the vacuum (They both wash their hands).

EMOTAN (Soberly) My son, life is like a wild stream that flows through paths, and in its endless wriggles and meanders, are disappearances, compromises and betrayals.

PRINCE OGUN (Stands abruptly to his feet) one thing is certain to this meandering stream, it must reach the ocean either on its own or through the help of a bigger stream (moves closer to Emotan) my mother, do you know Ogiefa Nomuekpo?

EMOTAN Yes Prince, he is the close friend of the Oba.

PRINCE OGUN A-ha! I passed him on the way, he did not recognize me. I am going to show myself to him now so as to know whether it is the intention of

40 the chiefs to keep me away from my kingdom for life.

EMOTAN (stands abruptly) my lord, that will be a dangerous escapade. Ogiefa is not the kind of man you can trust, besides, you look very tired and needs rest.

PRINCE OGUN (Laughs) Rest has been a strange word ever since I was sent on exile.

EMOTAN (Remorse) How I wish he will in all sincerity welcome you with open arms like Oba Oguola welcomed his elder brother.

PRINCE OGUN Perhaps greed has eaten deep into him, that every other consideration has become secondary. My mother, he that the gods will destroy, he will first make mad. (As he made to leave) I might not return tonight, please try and contact all those who will help me in this noble cause.

LIGHT OUT.

41 WAVE 5

Benin song. Edo mu mwen nu wa ooo Aisagbon rio Oba Odowa re ru re ee Aighi sagbon buo mwen ooo Ehi o zor mwen gie ooo Eee yaa…

English. My great people of Edo Kingship is not ordained here on earth It is divinely ordained Destiny is not chosen on earth It is divinely

NARRATOR

Emotan knew the risk involved in aiding Prince Ogun, but she did not hesitate in doing it. She went round the kingdom informing people whom she knew hated the Oba to support Prince Ogun in taking his rightful place. At the end of her secret campaign, she was able to gather some brave men of diverse social standings ranging from Chiefs, royal attendants to even farmers. These men pledged their loyalty to the Prince and even sealed this pledge with the taking of oath.

Meanwhile, Prince Ogun who had left Emotan‟s stall some days back to see Chief Ogiefa, enters the stall unannounced, walking into the midst of anxiously waiting men and in a split subconscious moment, he pulied out his sword from the sheath only to realize that they were men who have come to assist him.

EMOTAN (Quickly speaks to alley suspicion) my lord, these are some of the men who decided to stake their necks and join you in the fight for justice.

CHIEF IHAMA (Stands in reverence) long live the lord of the jungle (all the others stand up and respond – ghato kpere ise)

PRINCE OGUN My brothers you are all welcome, forgive me for my first reaction, it was a natural impulse. Like masquerade, the mask has been unveil for recognition and that revelation my mother has done (pointing to Emotan) I am but a child compared to many on the face

43 of age, yet I have seen hard times, I have narrowly slipped through the claws of death not once nor twice I now see beyond the perception of mortal men. I now know that there is more beyond six than seven. (pause) Three days ago, I yet escaped another death trap from the hands of Chief Ogiefa and my brother.

CHIEF OLOGBOSERE (Gesticulating to others to sit down as he sits himself) my lord, I greet your courage, I have known and admired you from your childhood. Many warriors have become men of yesterday not because their strength failed them, but because the glory of Osanobua departed from them. The success of your many adventures is an evidence of your destined leadership and favour in the sight of Osanobua. Great one, there are

44 several route to redemption and our convergence here today is the manifestation of the supreme will of the gods to fulfill this divine purpose of taking us through the route of eternal bliss.

PRINCE OGUN I thank you for those words of encouragement. Those words of praise has added feathers to my wings, I shall certainly not relent in this struggle the people deserves good governance.

EMOTAN My lord, what actually happened at Chief Ogiefa‟s house?. I was afraid something sinister might have happened to you when you did not return after two days.

PRINCE OGUN I was with Chief Ogiefa as planned, he outwitted me by making me believe he

45 was on my side. He started by revealing to me the Oba‟s plan to kill me. He advised that he should hide me in a dry well pending when he and other faithful will arrange my enthronement. Unknown to me, he had gone to inform the Oba and other Chiefs of my hide out.

CHIEF IHAMA Eh-Okomwen! So how did you manage to…?

PRINCE OGUN (Interjects) if it had not been for Edo, Ogiefa‟s head slave, who rescued me by removing me from the well a day before yesterday and warning me against his master, I would have been dead by now.

CHIEF OLOGBOSERE Ah-ha so that explains it!

PRINCE OGUN (Anxious) explains what?

46 CHIEF OLOGBOSERE My lord, Edo was taken to the Oba‟s Palace yesterday and tortured to death for reasons no one could tell or dare to ask.

CHIEF IHAMA (Sober) May his soul rest in peace. Now that the Oba knows you are around, the search for you will be intensified.

PRINCE OGUN Yes, that was why I headed for Okhoro forest when I escaped from Chief Ogiefa‟s death trap.

EMOTAN (In shock) Okhoro forest! That forest is very dangerous.

PRINCE OGUN (Stands to his feet) yes, I was even attacked by a leopard and a huge snake, I had to fight for my life, and with the help of the gods, I overcame. (Turns to the men) my brother‟s time is running out, the

47 earlier we are through with this business the better.

EMOTAN My lord, the Oba hardly leaves his Palace these days, but I hear that tomorrow, he will leave the Palace for a traditional ceremony, and the procession will pass through Ekioba.

PRINCE OGUN Good news, Osanobua will deliver him into our hands. (pause) do you have weapons ready?

CHIEF IHAMA (Smiling) yes my lord this night we shall hide them under the grasses along the royal route. PRINCE OGUN (Looking relaxed) very well, we will have to take the oath of allegiance before parting (they started mixing the concoction).

LIGHT OUT.

48 WAVE 6 Benin song Uwaifiokun Eiman nomwan t‟oghe Uwaifiokun Eiman nomwan t‟oghe, Erere nu mwen nu ya t‟ oghe Oe emwin nu mwen ma.

English. Uwaifiokunit is no good to tell lies Uwaifiokun it is no good to tell lies The gain you get from telling lies Is what you have seen now.

Benin song No bie omo regba yudu Ekpen ro hee (6x)

English He that has a chid Should tie the child to himself, The tiger is in town.

NARRATOR

The great encounter gave birth to a factional melee in which the warrior in the Prince was stretched beyond snapping point and the bitter flood within him was raging and foaming like a victim of epilepsy.

There was a serious blood bath, the sight was quite gory and hair raising like the scene of Napoleon‟s defeat in Belgium. It can be said to be a day distinguished by elemental violence. Retribution was swift and severe, the day was ominous on the face of its appearance, and this was evidenced by the heavy hysterical whizzing of a savage storm which was intermittently punctuated by thunderous claps without any visible sign of rain attempting to fall.

Instinct warned Oba Uwaifiokun about the pregnancy of evil which was about to manifest, but he was too insensible to adhere. As the Oba accompanied by his Chiefs came out of the Palace in a ceremonial procession along the royal route, one thing they were not certain of was that Prince Ogun and his men were lying in wait.

Life they say is like a great play before a great king, full of major and minor actors who are either protagonists or antagonists, some of whom are deaf to the reality of truth. But as balance is the first law of life, there has to be an inevitable contention between good and evil to bring about this balance.

Hell was let loose at the height of this struggle when Prince Ogun accosted his brother at Ekioba.

CHIEF OLIHA (Speaks to the Oba) My lord, I think it is the fears inside you that are making expressions on your look. There are many facets of reality, but only one is real, others are mere illusions.

CHIEF OLOTON But illusion makes reality sometimes Oliha.

CHIEF OGIEFA What are you both pre- empting, that the tiger is afraid of the jungle?

CHIEF EZOMO You all are mixing up the facts, it is the worry of administration that speaks volume on our great king. After all, great men they say carry great burdens.

OBA UWAIFIOKUN Wise men would carry only the burden which their strength can stand per time but fools will carry yesterday‟s burdens over to today and further compound it with tomorrow‟s. My

51 Chiefs, it is not the burden of the kingdom that weighs me down, but fear.

CHIEF OGIEFA Fear! How can the Chief masquerade that picks the rear in the forest of mystery be afraid?

OBA UWAIFIOKUN (Grim dryly) the monkey sweats Ogiefa; it is the hair that hides it. If not for this ceremony and it‟s importance, nothing would have taken me out of the Palace. Ever since I realized that my brother is within the kingdom, my capacity for bravery has evaporated like naphthalene balls. The truth is that, I am no match for his strength. (At this time they were close to Ekioba where Prince Ogun is seen talking with Emotan inside her stall).

PRINCE OGUN (Uneasy) He is drawing closer, this would have

52 been the proper time to attack. How I wish I could join those dispatch dancers unnoticed.

EMOTAN You can join them if you choose to, they are all on your side. You see those sticks they are carrying? They are to your advantage in case they would have to fight for you.

PRINCE OGUN What would I have done without you my mother? (He moves to join the dancers).

EMOTAN (Holding him back) My son, be careful and don‟t be too anxious. He that they are bringing a new wife to must not sprain his neck in anticipation. May our ancestors guide you (she let go of his hand).

PRINCE OGUN I will be careful my mother, it is the water that will spill; Osanobua shall keep the gourds intact. (The Prince

53 ran out) and quickly joined the dispatch dancers as they dance to and fro the royal personage, the Prince suddenly stopped in front of Oba Uwaifiokun and call him by name).Uwaifiokun!

OBA UWAIFIOKUN Who are you?, (poise for battle) speak I charge you!

PRINCE OGUN (Smiles) if you don‟t recognize the lion, don‟t you Know the lion‟s voice? I am the wall that stands while the fire burns. The lion has no motive for the throne, it was the greater power that be, who gave him the crown.

OBA UWAIFIOKUN Prince Ogun! (the whole crowd started shouting ogunre! Ogunre!! Ogun has come! Ogun has come! In the midst of this confusion, Chief Oliha and Chief Ogiefa made to attack Prince Ogun, but two flying

54 spears struck them dead instantly).

PRINCE OGUN Yes, it is me, no apparition, you can be as sure as daylight, your own blood brother whom you sought to destroy (He growled in anger as he cast his spear through Uwaifiokun‟s chest, the Oba collapsed and died with a cry of anguish and no sooner, a great fight ensued between both factions and eventually Prince Ogun and his men prevailed). Benin song. Jawele! Jawele! Aya kikor ru Ogun Jawele! (2x) Jawele! Jawele! Egile aya ru Ogun Jawele! (2x)

English. Small snail cannot be used as Sacrifice to Ogun Only big snail.

LIGHT OUT.

55 WAVE 7 Benin song Iy‟ Ogun n‟ ovbi Ohen, O wee, Omaa oo! Iye Ewuare! Ovbi Oghomwen semwen nei r‟ovbi ihaba! Iyoba no mwen ewen ene! Oye eva gho Oba n‟ Edo! Oye eva gho Edo n‟Oba!Ovbi egbe Ovbi egbe no gbe Ekorobe! Ona ye “Ekorobe” rhi Ovan! Emwin I wi n‟ oghe Ewuare!

English “The mother of Ogun the son of Ohen, I recognize you! Mother of Ewuare! The daughter of Oghomwen Semwen, Who is not the daughter of Ihaba! The Qeen mother endowed with four breasts! With two of them she nurtured the Oba for the Edo people! With the other two she nurtured the Edo people for the Oba! The daughter of the warrior who killed Ekorobe, And then assumed the”Ekorobe” title. Preservator of memories owed to Ewuare! Shower me with your gifts!!!”.

56 NARRATOR

The economy of the kingdom has been spilled almost beyond redemption. But Prince Ogun‟s intervention was timely and could be safely asserted to be an act of God designed to sanitize, liberate and salvage the entire kingdom by way of restoring justice and social equality among the subjects.

The wall of silence anchored in fear has finally been broken by the liberated moment of truth. The Oba was indeed loved and welcomed by all. This is the type of leadership the people want, a leader who will not betray the will of the led, a leader who in strength can safely carry the people through in the face of social and economic torrents. A leader that will do what his people are entitled to have and not what he thinks is necessary in spite of odds.

It was the force of this compatibility that brought Prince Ogun to power in spite of many oppositions. The tyranny of collective will as they say, is no doubt superior to the will of a solitary tyrant. And this we must be sincere to say, was the key element behind the great crash of the weak but tyrannous king head Oba Uwaifiokun.

57 The Oba constituted a new traditional council made up of loyalist who joined him in the struggle. It was all a blissful moment but for the death of Emotan. The great Queen of Ekioba died a day before the Oba was crowned. This death was a great demoralizer to Prince Ogun for it left a vacuum of pain that would never be cured.

At the Oba‟s Palace.

PRINCE OGUN My chief, tears of gratitude clouded my vision when all the people bowed down in reverence to me shortly after the battle at Ekioba. I felt a sense of belonging and acceptance by the people I choose and seek to serve. I want to use this opportunity to formally thank you all for your assistance and pledge of loyalty. This is an indication that you are all worthy sons of your ancestors and noble custodians of truth. However, I assure you that history will not forget those who sacrificed their lives in the fight for this course. It is indeed a worthy

58 and noble sacrifice. May Osanobua richly bless you all. (they all responded affirmatively i-s-e-e) Chief Ero, has those rebel Chiefs who escaped in the battle been apprehended?

CHIEF ERO Yes my lord but for Oloton.

PRINCE OGUN (Smiles) then victory is complete for one is next to nothing. Elders and people of Benin land, I hereby make this declaration, that as from henceforth, I should be called and known as OBA EWUARE and no longer OGUN for as the name implies the troubles in my kingdom are over. Also, the land shall henceforth be called Edo land, to immortalize Edo who lost his life in the course of saving the crown. We shall always remember him. (Turning to Chief Ihama) that does not mean that the last rebel should escape punishment.

59 CHIEF OLOGBOSERE (Stands up) with all humility your Majesty, I think since the cartel of your enemies has been broken, the continual existence of Chief Oloton will in no wise constitute a threat to the kingdom.

OBA EWUARE Chief Ologbosere, can the banana tree stop the monkey from loving banana because it cannot bear fruit? No, (he shakes his head) it will simply go to another banana tree.

CHIEF OLOGBOSERE That riddle is like coconut your Majesty, I cannot split it with my head.

OBA EWUARE (Smiles) If you are asking me not to destroy my enemy because he is powerless, I tell you, time will come when he

60 shall gang himself with strangers against me (Chief Ologbosere sits down).

CHIEF IHAMA My lord, all is ready for the ceremonial visit to Emotan‟s grave.

OBA EWUARE (Stands to his feet) then let us go without wasting time. (They all left in a procession to Emotan final resting place).

(At the grave) This is the choicest place to bury her (turning to Chief Ologbosere) the market place where she sold, lived and died.

CHIEF OLOGBOSERE (Nodding his head) there can‟t be a better spot my lord.

OBA EWUARE I make this speech and give this decree in honour of

61 Emotan (clears his throat as he takes the Iruhe tree from a servant). This woman of Eyaen popularly referred to as the Queen of Ekioba, will always be remembered by our descendants. She gave me food when I was hungry, she gave me drink when I was thirsty, she gave me refuge when I was in danger, she gave me hope when I was hopeless. It was from her house that I went out to defeat Uwaifiokun. She will be honoured by our children and grand children and by their descendants until the end of time. In her memory I plant this Iruhe tree, let all Edo people honour this tree and always be inspired by her memory. May her soul rest peacefully in Osanobua‟s bosom. (The crowd responds, Ise-e).

LIGHT OUT.

62 WAVE 8

NARRATOR

At the Oba‟s Palace the Chiefs are seated waiting for the Oba to come and address the council meeting.

Benin song Oba Edo evbo mwan Oba idolevbo ooo (2x) Oba Edo evbomwan Nosa ya wemwen ooo Tugha toe gbe gie rhe ee Oba.

English The king of Edo, King of peace and prosperity The king god has given to me, You shall live long on your throne.

SCENE OPENS

CHIEF OLOGBOSERE Eh-hen! Chief Ero I hear your in-law went to Emotan‟s grave on the fifth day of Igho‟s burial.

CHIEF ERO My brother, that is the trend now in Edo. If a man dies his family will on the fifth day dance round the grave of Emotan where the tree is planted.

CHIEF OLOGBOSERE Is that to honour Emotan?

CHIEF ERO (Smiles) yes, to honour her and also to allow the spirit of the deceased have an eternal rest like Emotan.

CHIEF ERO Have you not gone there?

CHIEF OLOGBOSERE To do what? I have not lost any in-law yet.

CHIEF ERO (Laughs) All Chiefs now visit Emotan‟s grave also for preservation. We believe also that as she has preserved Ewuare‟s life, she shall preserve ours. After all, what are good for the rabbits are also good for the rats (they

64 all laugh and just then, the Oba emerged from within, they all stand in reverence as they greeted „Oba ghatokpere Isee!‟

OBA EWUARE (Sits) Great Chiefs and custodians of Benin kingdom you are welcome. Flutes are not just blown for mere fun, but for significant ceremonies. I have summoned you all here because … (he pause) Ezomo! I have lost count of our conquest, but the homage received so far is not impressive, what‟s the matter? (looking at the tribute gifts)

CHIEF EZOMO My lord, our great kingdom now has about two hundred towns and villages under its conquest.

OBA EWUARE Then where are their tributes, or have they

65 decided to be rebellious like Iken of Uselu?

CHIEF EZOMO No my lord, apart from Iken of Uselu other subjects are responding. The Urhobo‟s and people from Ondo and Ife are out there waiting to pay homage. Your Majesty, they are still coming one after the other.

CHIEF OLOGBOSERE (Adding quickly) your Majesty, those white men from Portugue are also out there waiting to see you.

OBA EWUARE Which of them, is it those teaching me Portuguese language or the traders?

CHIEF OLOGBSERE Both your Majesty.

OBA EWUARE (Sits upright) they all have to wait, first things first, my duty to this kingdom is prime and uttermost. Like I was about saying earlier,

66 the people of Owo are making dangerous advancement toward our territory. It is true that when a man expands in greatness, the number of his enemies will also increase. My grandfather Oba Oguola secured the kingdom by digging moats around; I have decided to dig more moats around the kingdom. (Pause) I think that is all for now, the strangers should start coming in one after the other. (The men who have come to pay tribute are seen bringing in heavily concealed goods).

NARRATOR

What a great leader one will say (nods his head in approval as he looks towards the Oba) good things must surely come to an end some day. Oba Ewuare reigned as one of the greatest among his equals until he transited to join his ancestors in 1473. He

67 will indeed forever be remembered for his unique attributes and contributions to the Benin kingdom.

It was during his reign that the kingdom attained the appellation “City”, he also created the seventh Uzama title called Edaiken. He also decreed that ascension to the throne shall henceforth be strictly the exclusive right of the first son (the Crown Prince).

For 400years, the tree he planted at Emotan‟s grave side to honour her, remained a reminiscence of one of his great hallmarks and emblem of the certainty of death and the uncertainty of life, it is however pertinent to note that this great historical tree started dying at the close of the 18th century in the last year of Oba Akengbuda‟s reign.

However, Oba Osemwende planted another tree during his reign in the early 19th century and this lasted for over 100years until 1951 when some Europeans injected the tree with poisonous chemical substance and then uprooted it with the aid of a machine.

Oba Akenzua II who was in power at this time was angry for the white man‟s lack of respect for Emotan who he described as the “soul of Benin nation”, and so the Oba decided to have a statue of Emotan

68 erected to mark the sacred grave, (pointing towards Ekioba) it stands today near the same market where Emotan traded, lived and died. Remember, this was also where Ewuare killed Oba Uwaifiokun.

It is upon this understanding, that one will say that Emotan‟s memory is most significant to the reign of Oba Ewuare the great.

Benin song Oba Edo evbo mwan Oba idolevbo oo (2x) nosa ya we mwen tugha toe gbe gie rhe ee Oba. English The king of Edo King of peace and prosperity The king God has given to me You shall live long on your throne.

LIGHT OUT.

THE END.

GLOSSARY

Ghatokpere - Traditional greetings for kings Eh hen - Exclamation. Ekioba - The king‟s market Oba - King Odionwere - Oldest inhabitant in a village Osanobua - God Uzama - Traditional title holders in Benin.