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China's Higher Education Reform 1998-2003: a Summary
Asia Pacific Education Review Copyright 2004 by Education Research Institute 2004, Vol. 5, No. 1, 14-22. China’s Higher Education Reform 1998-2003: A Summary Li Lixu Shandong Normal University, P. R. China Profoundly important and unprecedented changes have taken place in China’s higher education since 1998, when Zhu Rongji Administration (1998-2003) decided to carry out a new round of educational reform. These changes include some breakthroughs in macro administrative system reform, growth in the total amount of educational expenditure, the enlargement of the recruitment scale of higher education, and positive changes in personnel, reward distribution and rear service reforms. The purpose of this paper is to offer a summary of these reforms. It discusses (1) the internal reasons for the reforms, (2) the main events and measures, (3) the main contents and achievements, (4) and the main problems of these reforms. Key Words: China, higher education, reform 1The system and model of Chinai’s higher education was In 1999, among all the employed of China, graduates of basically formed in the 1950’s and 1960’s in imitation of the two-year higher education and over only amounted to 3.8% of higher educational system and model of the former U.S.S.R. the total; that of senior middle school, 11.9%; that of junior in the 1950’s (Li, 2001). Thereafter, even up to the late middle school, 39.9%; that of primary school, 33.3%; and 1990’s, China’s higher education showed no tremendous those workers who were illiterate even amounted to 11.0% reforms or great changes in spite of some “minor operations.” (National Center for Education Development Research But, since 1998, when China faced the challenges of the [NCEDR], 2001, p. -
Chinese Academic Library Services: a Web Survey
ISSN: 2474-3542 Journal homepage: http://journal.calaijol.org Chinese Academic Library Services: A Web Survey Guoying Liu Abstract: Chinese students form a significant population on Canadian university campuses. Literature indicates that these students face various challenges when using library services to meet their information needs. Canadian academic libraries need to better understand this group’s previous library experiences in China to help them address these challenges. A survey was conducted on the main library websites of all thirty-nine Chinese universities of the Project 985, a project initiated by Chinese government to found world class universities in China. It reveals that certain services reported as challenges for Chinese students by previous studies, such as: interlibrary loan, document delivery, reference services, and library instructions are popular in Chinese academic libraries; however, subject services, data services, and some other services are not as well established compared to their counterparts in Canada. To cite this article: Liu, G. (2016). Chinese academic library services: a web survey. International Journal of Librarianship, 1(1), 38-54. https://doi.org/10.23974/ijol.2016.vol1.1.14 To submit your article to this journal: Go to http://ojs.calaijol.org/index.php/ijol/about/submissions INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIBRARIANSHIP, 1(1), 38-54 ISSN:2474-3542 Chinese Academic Library Services: A Web Survey Guoying Liu Leddy Library, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada ABSTRACT Chinese students form a significant population on Canadian university campuses. Literature indicates that these students face various challenges when using library services to meet their information needs. Canadian academic libraries need to better understand this group’s previous library experiences in China to help them address these challenges. -
Active and Passive Electronic Components Special Issue On
Active and Passive Electronic Components Special Issue on Advanced Charge-Trapping Memory Devices CALL FOR PAPERS Nowadays, there has been increasing need for a new memory technology combining Lead Guest Editor the best features of current memory devices in a CMOS-compatible fabrication Hao Zhu, Fudan University, Shanghai, technology for the rising demand of stand-alone and embedded memories. High- China density and high-speed nonvolatile memory is fundamental in the development of [email protected] more compact yet performance enhanced processors, as the on-chip memory in modern CPU occupies more than half of the oor space. Replacing the conventional Guest Editors oating-gate memory with novel semiconductor material and advanced memory Qiliang Li, George Mason University, technology has been regarded as promising approach to improve the nonvolatile Fairfax, USA memory speed, density, and reliability for future on-chip applications. e device qliâ@gmu.edu scaling in future memory will be less burdened and the memory integration density will be signicantly enhanced through investigations of innovative charge-trapping Helmut Baumgart, Old Dominion mechanism and careful design, fabrication, and characterization techniques based University, Newport News, USA on novel materials and devices structures. [email protected] is special issue aims to solicit original research papers as well as review articles, Yidong Xia, Nanjing University, focusing on developments in theoretical and experimental study on charge-trapping Nanjing, China memory for -
1 the Hohenheim-Xi'an Jiaotong Research Seminar in Theoretical
The Hohenheim-Xi'an Jiaotong Research Seminar in Theoretical and Empirical Economics Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Economics and Finance March 2-6, 2020 Xi’an, China Organizing Committee: Prof. Zao Sun, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China Prof. Peng Nie, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China Prof. Klaus Prettner, University of Hohenheim, Germany Prof. Alfonso Sousa-Poza, University of Hohenheim, Germany The Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences of the University of Hohenheim and the School of Economics and Finance at the Xi'an Jiaotong University recently signed a memorandum of understanding in order to foster cooperation in all fields of academic life. The aim of this research seminar is to bring together young academics from the University of Hohenheim and Xi'an Jiaotong University (as well as a selection of Chinese universities) to present their research and promote research cooperation. Submissions from all fields of economics are welcome, and they can be empirical or theoretical in nature. This seminar also forms part of the PhD programme at the University of Hohenheim (course “Doctoral Seminar”). Date and venue The workshop will take place between March 2-6, 2020 at the School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University in Xi’an, China. Submission All doctoral students as well as young post-doctoral researchers are invited to submit a full paper or a 1-page extended abstract by August 30, 2019 to Peng Nie ([email protected]), Klaus Prettner ([email protected]) and Alfonso Sousa-Poza (alfonso.sousa-poza@uni- hohenheim.de). The authors of accepted abstracts will be notified by mid-September and completed draft papers will then be expected by January 31, 2020. -
China's Quest for World-Class Universities
MARCHING TOWARD HARVARD: CHINA’S QUEST FOR WORLD-CLASS UNIVERSITIES A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters of Arts in Liberal Studies By Linda S. Heaney, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. April 19, 2111 MARCHING TOWARD HARVARD: CHINA’S QUEST FOR WORLD-CLASS UNIVERSITIES Linda S. Heaney, B.A. MALS Mentor: Michael C. Wall, Ph.D. ABSTRACT China, with its long history of using education to serve the nation, has committed significant financial and human resources to building world-class universities in order to strengthen the nation’s development, steer the economy towards innovation, and gain the prestige that comes with highly ranked academic institutions. The key economic shift from “Made in China” to “Created by China” hinges on having world-class universities and prompts China’s latest intentional and pragmatic step in using higher education to serve its economic interests. This thesis analyzes China’s potential for reaching its goal of establishing world-class universities by 2020. It addresses the specific challenges presented by lack of autonomy and academic freedom, pressures on faculty, the systemic problems of plagiarism, favoritism, and corruption as well as the cultural contradictions caused by importing ideas and techniques from the West. The foundation of the paper is a narrative about the traditional intertwining role of government and academia in China’s history, the major educational transitions and reforms of the 20th century, and the essential ingredients of a world-class institution. -
The Higher Educational Transformation of China and Its Global Implications
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA AND ITS GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS Yao Li John Whalley Shunming Zhang Xiliang Zhao Working Paper 13849 http://www.nber.org/papers/w13849 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2008 This paper has been written with support from The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI, Waterloo). We are grateful to Weimin Zhou, Kun Peng, and Li Wang for comments. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2008 by Yao Li, John Whalley, Shunming Zhang, and Xiliang Zhao. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Higher Educational Transformation of China and Its Global Implications Yao Li, John Whalley, Shunming Zhang, and Xiliang Zhao NBER Working Paper No. 13849 March 2008 JEL No. I2,I23 ABSTRACT This paper documents the major transformation of higher education that has been underway in China since 1999 and evaluates its potential global impacts. Reflecting China's commitment to continued high growth through quality upgrading and the production of ideas and intellectual property as set out in both the 10th (2001-2005) and 11th (2006-2010) five-year plans, this transformation focuses on major new resource commitments to tertiary education and also embodies significant changes in organizational form. -
Nanjing University
Nanjing University Nanjing, China http://www.nju.edu.cn/html/eng All available disciplines (some programs restricted) 2 years Chinese language experience required, some classes taught in English City Population: 8 million Enrolment: 24,000 students (11,000 postgraduate) Standard Course Load: Please contact Study Abroad Office ABOUT NANJING UNIVERSITY Nanjing University (NJU) was founded in its current form COURSES in the 1902, but the institution has predecessors dating • Humanities back to the third century CE. The institution has had a - Literature close link China’s nationalist uprising, civil war, - Linguistics communist revolution and opening to the world over the - Theater Movie & Television past century. NJU was the first Chinese university to - Applies Chinese Studies become co-educational. • History • Philosophy NJU has always prided itself as a science research • Physics university, but it has expanded to a multidisciplinary - Modern Physics institution in recent decades. It has two major campuses. - Photonics The main campus is in Gulou, Nanjing’s city centre. The - Basic Physics Xianlin campus is lies 20km northeast of Nanjing and is • Mathematics for undergraduates. It opened in 2009, occupies around • Astronomy and Space Sciences 200 hectares and will eventually become the university’s - Astronomy main campus. NJU’s architecture is a mixture of old, - Space Science & Technology traditional buildings ad very modern ones. The campuses • Earth Sciences and Engineering are open and contain a lot of parkland. - Earth Science - Hydroscience The university recently reformed its undergraduate - Geological Engineering & Information education programmes to a new interdisciplinary and Technology multi-stage system to better cater to students’ • Atmospheric Sciences development. -
Recollected Experiences of Chinese Students Who Study in the UK in a Pathway
1 Recollected Experiences of Chinese Students Who Study in the UK in a Pathway Program by Song Wang A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education August 8, 2020 2 Abstract Many students in China seek post-secondary educational opportunities in the UK because graduating from or even just attending a college or university there can facilitate upward social mobility and employability in China once they have returned there to live. However, these Chinese students face a number of challenges when they attend a university in the UK, ranging from culture shock and social isolation to academic difficulties encountered because of their problems with the English language. If not adequately addressed, these challenges can lead to poor academic performance and ultimately dropout. Pathway programs, bridging programs tailor-made for international students that aim to provide the students with the adequate supports they need to help them cope with their initial transition period and even through their integration into a university, began to be developed in the UK in the early 1990s. Today, more and more universities in the UK—even the most prestigious ones—offer pathway programs, and many are heavily dependent on pathway programs for their international student recruitment. Chinese students account for almost 50% of the pathway students in the UK, and the number promises to grow in the future. A better understanding of why and how pathway programs can be most useful to Chinese students, and what supports are most needed by the students who use them, can help more Chinese students succeed in the future. -
Universities and the Chinese Defense Technology Workforce
December 2020 Universities and the Chinese Defense Technology Workforce CSET Issue Brief AUTHORS Ryan Fedasiuk Emily Weinstein Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5 Methodology and Scope ..................................................................................... 6 Part I: China’s Defense Companies Recruit from Civilian Universities ............... 9 Part II: Some U.S. Tech Companies Indirectly Support China’s Defense Industry ................................................................................................................ 13 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 17 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. 18 Appendix I: Chinese Universities Included in This Report ............................... 19 Appendix II: Breakdown by Employer ............................................................. 20 Endnotes .............................................................................................................. 28 Center for Security and Emerging Technology | 2 Executive Summary Since the mid-2010s, U.S. lawmakers have voiced a broad range of concerns about academic collaboration with the People’s Republic of China (PRC), but the most prominent -
Building Global-Class Universities: Assessing the Impact of the 985 Project
Research Policy 42 (2013) 765–775 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Research Policy jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/respol Building global-class universities: Assessing the impact of the 985 Project a b,∗ b Han Zhang , Donald Patton , Martin Kenney a School of Social Science, Institute of Science, Technology and Society, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China b Department of Human and Community Development, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: In 2006 China had become the fifth leading nation in terms of its share of the world’s scientific publica- Received 24 August 2011 tions. Today it is second only to the United States. This achievement has been accomplished in part by Received in revised form 1 August 2012 a conscientious effort by the government to improve the research performance of China’s universities Accepted 11 October 2012 through a series of programs, the most important of which is the 985 Project. This paper considers the Available online 22 November 2012 effects of the 985 Project on increasing the rate of publication in international journals by researchers at 24 universities. Using the approach of linear mixed modeling, it was found that the rate of growth in Keywords: publications by lower tier universities exceeded that of China’s two most highly regarded universities Chinese universities after controlling for university R&D funding, university personnel size, and provincial per capita income. National innovation system It was also found that the rate of growth of publications for universities as a whole increased more quickly 985 Project Publications after the implementation of the 985 Project. -
Call for Papers Special Issue on New Advances of Privacy Protection and Multimedia Content Security for Big Data for IETE TECHNICAL REVIEW
Call for Papers Special Issue on New Advances of Privacy Protection and Multimedia Content Security for Big Data for IETE TECHNICAL REVIEW Aims and Scope Multimedia signal processing and Internet technology are omnipresent in our daily lives, however, a lot of relevant security issues have emerged as well, such as covert communication using multimedia files, copy-move forgery in digital images and videos, biometric spoofing. To address these issues, many multimedia information security techniques were proposed utilizing the methods in areas like deep learning, signal and image processing in encrypted domain, and privacy protection. Nevertheless, there are some notable shortcomings in research methodologies. Current studies for the multimedia content security are often based on the strict conditions that are nearly impossible to meet up in real world. Furthermore, the high computational complexity of the current methods makes it hard to handle the big data in the cloud computing environment. All these drawbacks limit the applications of the secure techniques in practice. This special issue will focus on the latest research on the topics of privacy protection and multimedia information security, with a particular emphasis on novel and highly efficient methodologies that have the potential to be used for big data. Possible topics for the manuscripts submitted to this special issue include, but are not limited to: Multimedia Fingerprinting and Traitor Tracing Multimedia Watermarking, Fingerprinting and Identification Multimedia Forensic, Authentication and Encryption Multimedia Privacy Protection for Big Data Steganography and Steganalysis for Big Data Signal Processing in the Encrypted Domain Coverless Information Hiding Biometrics Encryption and Hashing in cloud storages Source Device Identification and Linking Security of Large Multimedia System Covert Communications and Surveillance. -
International Symposium on Water Resources Management and Comprehensive Reclamation of River Basins
International Symposium on Water Resources Management and Comprehensive Reclamation of River Basins International Scientific Symposium on Water Resources Management and Comprehensive Reclamation of River Basins Nanjing, China 17-19 November 2017 Organized by: Hohai University Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chang’an University Operated by: Hohai University College of Hydrology and Water Resources State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water resources and Hydraulic Engineering National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety National Cooperative Innovation Center for Water Safety & Hydro Science Editorial Office of Water Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography Key Laboratory of Watershed Geography and Limnology Co-organized by: Beijing Normal University Tibet University Served by: Beijing Walter Consulting Co., Ltd 1 International Symposium on Water Resources Management and Comprehensive Reclamation of River Basins Scientific Committee Counselors: (Listed in no particular order) Congbin Fu Nanjing University and Hohai University, China Changming Liu Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, China Yaoru Lu China University of Mining and Technology and Hohai University, China Yuqun Xue Nanjing University, China Jiyang Wang Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, China Edward A. Sudicky University of Waterloo, Canada and Hohai University, China Chairs: (Listed in no particular order)