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3Rd Global Summit Education Forum Proceedings ISBN: 962-367-490-2 FORUM PROCEEDINGS Forum Proceedings Editor: Professor Kaye Chon The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Organized by: Supported by: 3RD GLOBAL SUMMIT ON PEACE THROUGH TOURISM – EDUCATION FORUM “ONE EARTH ONE FAMILY: TRAVEL & TOURISM – SERVING A HIGHER PURPOSE” Preface This is the proceedings for the Education Forum at the 3rd Global Summit on Peace through Tourism - “One Earth One Family: Travel & Tourism – Serving a Higher Purpose”, which was held in Pattaya, Thailand in October 2-5, 2005. The Forum was organized by International Institute for Peace through Tourism (IIPT) with the support and collaboration of the Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau (TCEB) and World Tourism Organization (WTO). This Forum was aimed to develop a 21st Century Agenda for Peace through Tourism. The Forum was intended to address key global issues of our time and fostered an open dialogue and exchange of ideas for leading government, industry, donor agency, and NGO decision makers, as well as leading educators, researchers, professionals and practitioners, to debate and reach consensus on the contribution of the world’s largest industry to the global issues. This year’s Forum featured close to 30 papers and panel presentations by researchers and practitioners from more than 10 countries. All papers and abstracts were selected based on a double-blind review by a panel of experts, which primarily consisted of 6 academic staff internationally. Organizing an international Forum with published proceedings takes collective team efforts by many people. I wish to take this opportunity to thank a number of individuals who have contributed to the success of this forum. First, I would like to thank the paper and panel presenters as well as paper session chairs and paper reviewers for their contribution of expertise, time and efforts. Second, a hard work by the Forum Secretariat Miss Antonia Wong at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and the contributions and support by Mr. Louis D’Amore and staff at the International Institute for Peace through Tourism (IIPT) are noted with a deep appreciation. Finally, I wish to thank both industry and institutional sponsors of the Forum for their support that have made the Forum a success. Professor Kaye Chon Education Forum Chairman & Forum Proceedings Editor 3rd Global Summit on Peace through Tourism – Education Forum “One Earth One Family: Travel & Tourism – Serving a Higher Purpose” Pattaya, Thailand Paper Review and Proceedings Editorial Team Proceedings Editor: Kaye Chon, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Editorial Assistant: Antonia Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Paper Review Committee: Amit Sharma, Iowa State University Bongkosh Ngamsom Rittichainuwat, Siam University Perry Hobson, Southern Cross University Kaye Chon, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Pauline J. Sheldon, University of Hawaii Soyoung Boo, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Table of Contents Section 1: Full Papers (In alphabetical order using titles of the papers) Page Challenges and Issues in Incorporating Pro Poor Tourism Approach into Hotel Business: 1 Viewpoints of Hotel Executives in Thailand Jutamas Wisansing, Assumption University Community-based Ecotourism Development and Local Community Participation 6 Awangku Hassanal Bahar Pengiran Bagul, Victoria University of Wellington Experiencing Cultural Tourism through the Identification of Cultural Routes within the 17 IMT-GT Alip Rahim, Rahmat Azam Mustafa, Badaruddin Mohamed & Rosalind Sia Juo Ling, Universiti Sains Malaysia Facilitating Sustainable Community Development by Empowering Local Members: Social 27 Network Analysis of Informal Structure of Community Sunny Jeong, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Involve me and I will Learn: A Study of Volunteer Tourism Originating from Singapore 34 Harng Luh Sin, National University of Singapore Low Cost Carriers Building Bridges in the Asia Pacific 46 Suhaini Ibrahim, Sunway University College Peace in Tourism Education: A Guide for Course Coordinators 56 Ian Kelly, University of South Australia Sustainability of Worldwide Connections by and for Travel: Applying Social Capital in 67 Virtual Travel Community Sunny Jeong, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Tourism as a Subject of Higher Education in the Philippines: Stakeholders’ Views and 73 Perspectives Carmela A. Bosangit & Miguela M. Mena, University of the Philippines Asian Institute of Tourism Tourism Development after Political Turmoil: Current Issues on Bosnia and Herzegovina 82 Senija Causevic & Jithendran Kokkranikal, University of Strathclyde I Table of Contents Understanding Package and Non-package Tourists' Choices of Attraction Attributes within 96 Selected Asean Destinations Shaharuddin Tahir, Norhaslinda Zainal Abidin & Suzzaini Abdullah, Universiti Utara Malaysia Understanding Perceived Travel Risk Differences between First Time and Repeat Travelers 108 Bongkosh Nagamsom Rittichainuwat, Siam University Section 2: Poster Papers (In alphabetical order using titles of the papers) Community-based Tourism Initiatives: Prospects for Sustainable Tourism on an Outlying 118 Island in Hong Kong Lawal M. Marafa, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Ecotourism Best Practice Initiatives in a Resort: A Case Study in Summerset at Rompin, 130 Pahang, Malaysia Vikneswaran Nair, Taylor's College, School of Hospitality & Tourism Heritage Tourism in a Multicultural Society: The Case of Malaysia 141 Badaruddin Mohamed & Rahmat Azam Mustafa, Universiti Sains Malaysia Hotel Management and Harmonious Society: A Case Study of Best Western Premier 148 Xiamen Central Hotel Chen Jiang (Chester), Macao University of Science and Technology & Xu Mu-han (Jeremy), Hong Kong Metropole Hotel Meeting the Challenges of Peace via Tourism – A Northern Ireland Perspective 158 Caroline Breakey, Northern Ireland Rural Development Council Peace and Panorama in the Landscape of Tourism 168 Shoichiro Sendai & Hisa Yokoyama, Hiroshima University Seven Selfish Reasons to Become a GeoTraveler 177 Sally Brown McKinney, Society of American Travel Writers, Travel Journalists Guild Author Index 182 Note: All papers were selected based on blind review of abstracts. II Section 1 Full Papers CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN INCORPORATING PRO POOR TOURISM APPROACH INTO HOTEL BUSINESS: VIEWPOINTS OF HOTEL EXECUTIVES IN THAILAND Jutamas Wisansing Graduate School of Business Assumption University ABSTRACT It is now widely acknowledged that if tourism development is planned and implemented properly, it could be used as an effective tool for poverty reduction. An argument put forward in this paper is that while the significance of the ideological dimension of new Pro Poor Tourism (PPT) approach must be recognised, the current emphasis placed on abstract ideals need to be put into more pragmatic perspectives and linked with a very real development or challenges. The focus of this paper is placed upon the proposition that the adoption of the PPT approach is particularly challenging for private enterprises. It is arguable that it is less clear why private-sector tourism companies might be motivated to incorporate pro poor objectives and approaches into their profit-driven business agenda. In-depth interviews with hotel executives in Thailand helped identify issues and impediments confronting hotel business in incorporating the PPT approach into its current hotel management strategies. Key Words: Pro Poor Tourism, Hotel Management, Challenges INTRODUCTION The international development community (e.g. The United Nations, World Bank, and WTO) has addressed poverty eradication as one of the most compelling challenges of the 21st century. The commitment to combat global poverty and hunger has given rise to an emergence of a new pro poor tourism approach. It has been recognised that the potential impact of tourism in reducing poverty is significant. This realisation is based on the fact that eighty per cent of the world's poor, those surviving on less than a dollar (US) per day, live in 12 countries and in 11 of these countries, tourism is significant, growing and emerging as an important development opportunity (World Bank, 2002). Therefore it is now widely acknowledged that if tourism development is planned and implemented properly, it could be used as an effective tool for poverty reduction. This concept has been well marked with an advent of the Sustainable Tourism - Eliminating Poverty (ST-EP) framework of the World Tourism Organization which clearly links tourism development with poverty elimination. New ‘pro poor’ tourism (PPT) strategies seek to increase net benefits for poor people (Ashley, Roe and Goodwin, 2001). According to Ashley et. al. (2001), PPT is not a specific product or niche sector but an approach to tourism development and management. It enhances the linkages between tourism businesses and poor people; so that tourism's contribution to poverty reduction is increased and poor people are able to participate more effectively in product development. There are many types of pro poor tourism strategies, ranging from increasing local employment to building mechanisms for consultation (Cattarinich, 2001). Any type of company can be involved in pro-poor tourism - a small lodge, an urban hotel, a tour operator, an infrastructure developer. An argument put forward in this paper is that while the significance of the ideological dimension of new PPT approach must be recognized, the current emphasis placed on abstract ideals need to be put into more pragmatic perspectives and linked with
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