DOCSLIB.ORG

Exmoor Shallow Peat Toxic Flora

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exmoor Shallow Peat Toxic Flora EXMOOR SHALLOW PEAT TOXIC FLORA EXMOOR SHALLOW PEAT Bog asphodel distribution following peatland METHANE EMISSIONS restoration on Exmoor How does restoration age, vegetation and water depth impact methane (CH4) emissions from § Post-restoration bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum) continues to restored mires within Exmoor National Park? survive but has not spread significantly. his study1 investigated the gaseous Figure 33 A cluster of bog asphodel (Narthecium § Re-establishment of mire vegetation associated with wetter conditions § Bog asphodel contributes up to 20 % forage value in transitional bog ossifragum) flowers on Aclands July 2017. carbon (C) balance of restored habitats. serves as a useful indicator for increased CH4 emissions, which in turn mires in Exmoor National Park indicates that restored mires on Exmoor are returning to a more natural Tusing a restoration age sequence of state. sites (from 6 months to ~7 years post- og asphodel (Narthecium of transitional blanket bog habitat, § Annual CH4 emissions from restored sites on Exmoor are low, even restoration), as well as unrestored and ossifragum) is a common comprising up to 18 % of forage after ~7 years post-restoration, suggesting that the timeline for mire semi-natural sites. component of blanket bog value (Figure 35). This contribution restoration to a more natural state is likely to exceed 10 years. Increased cover of plants associated with Bvegetation, seen as patches of bright may continue throughout the season, wetter conditions (e.g., Sphagnum moss) green fleshy leaves growing from and its contribution to habitat crude and higher mean annual water levels patches of rhizomes (underground protein value may even increase in were linked to increased methane (CH ) emissions stems), with conspicuous yellow the autumn. 4 1 and site restoration status (Figure 36 and 37). Higher flowers in early summer (Figure CH fluxes indicate the presence of anaerobic (oxygen 33). The leaves and especially the Figure 35 Bog asphodel (Narthecium 4 ossifragum) forage quality at Aclands deficient) microbial communities where microbial CH4 flowers are readily eaten by grazing generation (methanogenesis) occurs as a biproduct livestock but contain toxins that can and Roosthitchen. Aclands (70 % bog asphodel cover) shows a steady in the breakdown of organic matter. Therefore, CH cause acute photosensitization and 4 15-17 % contribution on 5 measures emissions, and thus methanogenesis, is an indicator that fatal liver and kidney disease in lambs of quality, in both seasons. There was anaerobic conditions are becoming more dominant 2,3 Figure 34 Post-restoration change in and calves . This research aimed to less bog asphodel at Roosthitchen within the peat soil due to increased water saturation. address concerns that restoration (18 - 30 %) and this contributes 5 – spread of bog asphodel (Narthecium 10 % on 5 measures of quality, less in ossifragum) over 18 sites on Exmoor. The Restoration activities on Exmoor seek to increase would increase the occurrence of x represents mean change (4.5±33.8 % 6 autumn than spring. Energy represents water saturation levels within the peat soils, and bog asphodel and consequently metabolisable energy (MJ). to 11 years post-restoration). livestock fatalities. therefore CH4 emissions can be viewed as a sign of restoration success. Figure 37 shows that vegetation The plant height varies from 10 to data, particularly percentage cover of mire species 40 cm depending on the density associated with wetter habitats, could provide a of the surrounding vegetation and valuable tool for assessing CH4 emissions and site possibly on early season grazing. conditions of restored mires. Growth and flowering rates vary Figure 36 Mean annual water table position and percentage cover of significantly year on year and may Sphagnum moss for study sites ranging from unrestored and newly Semi-natural sites (those with little or no impact from account for the annual variations in restored (yellow) through to semi-natural sites/wet controls (blue). drainage and peat cutting) from this study showed toxicity seen in northern UK and similar properties (i.e. gas emission balance, depth Scandinavia. profiles of dissolved gases and stable C isotope analysis) to natural peat soils elsewhere in Europe Bog asphodel has a life history and North America. However, the semi-natural sites strategy that enables it to thrive in from this study are likely still in a state of transition, conditions intolerable to many plants also supported by vegetation survey data. Recovering i.e. very wet, acidic and nutrient peat soils can transition through a stage of higher poor soils4. It spreads only slowly CH4 emissions before lowering as the coverage of gas by rhizoidal growth and does not conductive (aerenchymatous) plant species (e.g. cotton rely on seed dispersal for survival. It REFERENCES grasses (Eriophorum spp.)) decreases, and conditions does however persist in the most within the peat soil stabilise. challenging conditions. Analysis of The appendices are available to view at www.exeter.ac.uk/creww/research/casestudies/ its distribution at individual sites and miresproject over 18 restored sites on Exmoor 1. Summerfield RJ. (1974). Narthecium ossifragum(L.)Huds. J. Ecol. 62(1), 325–339. suggests it continues to survive 2. Angell, J., & Ross, T. (2011). Suspected bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum) toxicity in cattle REFERENCES following peatland restoration, but in North Wales. Veterinary Record, 169(4). The appendices are available to view has not spread significantly in the 3. Pollock, M. L., Wishart, H., Holland, J. P., Malone, F. E., & Waterhouse, A. (2015). Photosensitisation at www.exeter.ac.uk/creww/research/ short-term (<11 years) (Figure of livestock grazing Narthecium ossifragum: Current knowledge and future directions. casestudies/miresproject 34), as predicted by its life history Veterinary Journal, 206(3), 275–283. 5 1. Mcaleer, A. Carbon dioxide and strategy . 4. Grime, J. P. (1979). Plant strategies and vegetation processes. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, Figure 37 Relationship between annual methane (CH4) flux (g CH4 -2m a-1) methane exchange from restored mires New York, Brisbane, Toronto. and percentage (%) cover of wet mire plant species (e.g. Sphagnum moss) in Exmoor National Park. (University of Bog asphodel leaves and flowers are 5. Hand, AMS. (2020) Does the restoration of shallow marginal peatlands impact on the at sample sites. Flux estimates are based upon scaled monthly or bimonthly Bristol, 2016). a relatively nutritious component distribution and abundance of Bog asphodel? (Unpublished MRes thesis). University of Exeter measurements from June 2013 to June 2014. 34 Mires On The Moors Science and Evidence Report 35.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
    Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinquapin the Newsletter of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society
    chinquapin The Newsletter of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society Volume 16, No. 4 Winter 2008 Happy Holidays from SABS Red spruce “hunkering down” for winter in the Great Smoky Mountains Photo by Scott Ranger 2 Chinquapin 16 (4) The Newsletter of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society SABS Officers & Editors Conley K. McMullen, President Department of Biology, MSC 7801 Field Notes by Scott Ranger James Madison University Harrisonburg, VA 22807 3) Do weather conditions control flowering? (540) 568-3805 · fax (540) 568-3333 Three-birds Orchid Update I made a careful comparison of weather [email protected] conditions in 2007 (very hot with 14 days Howard S. Neufeld, Past President With another season of observing this > 90°F and 5 >100°F and dry with ~20% of Department of Biology ephemeral orchid at Pickett’s Mill Battlefield normal rainfall) and 2008 (nearly normal). 572 Rivers Street State Historic Site, I’ve come up with some The same flowering pattern occurred both Appalachian State University observations and questions. The photograph years. It seems weather, at least in these two Boone, NC 28608 below is illustrative for both. If anyone has years, didn’t have an effect on flowering. We (828) 262-2683 · fax (828) 262-2127 any answers, I’d love to hear them. counted a total of 460 stems in 2008, up [email protected] 61.5% from 2007. Weather probably had Charles N. Horn, Treasurer Observations: something to do with this. Biology Department • Even the smallest stems (>2 mm diameter 2100 College Street and >3 cm tall) have at least one well- 4) Is synchronicity overemphasized? I think Newberry College developed flower bud.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
    Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database.
    [Show full text]
  • TELOPEA Publication Date: 13 October 1983 Til
    Volume 2(4): 425–452 TELOPEA Publication Date: 13 October 1983 Til. Ro)'al BOTANIC GARDENS dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19834408 Journal of Plant Systematics 6 DOPII(liPi Tmst plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL· ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) Telopea 2(4): 425-452, Fig. 1 (1983) 425 CURRENT ANATOMICAL RESEARCH IN LILIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE AND IRIDACEAE* D.F. CUTLER AND MARY GREGORY (Accepted for publication 20.9.1982) ABSTRACT Cutler, D.F. and Gregory, Mary (Jodrell(Jodrel/ Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England) 1983. Current anatomical research in Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Iridaceae. Telopea 2(4): 425-452, Fig.1-An annotated bibliography is presented covering literature over the period 1968 to date. Recent research is described and areas of future work are discussed. INTRODUCTION In this article, the literature for the past twelve or so years is recorded on the anatomy of Liliaceae, AmarylIidaceae and Iridaceae and the smaller, related families, Alliaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hypoxidaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae and Trilliaceae. Subjects covered range from embryology, vegetative and floral anatomy to seed anatomy. A format is used in which references are arranged alphabetically, numbered and annotated, so that the reader can rapidly obtain an idea of the range and contents of papers on subjects of particular interest to him. The main research trends have been identified, classified, and check lists compiled for the major headings. Current systematic anatomy on the 'Anatomy of the Monocotyledons' series is reported. Comment is made on areas of research which might prove to be of future significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Flower and Inflorescence Development in Dioscorea Tokoro
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Wulfenia Jahr/Year: 2010 Band/Volume: 17 Autor(en)/Author(s): Remizowa Margarita V., Sokoloff Dmitry D., Kondo Katsuhiko Artikel/Article: Early flower an inflorescence development in Dioscorea tokoro (Dioscoreales): shoot chirality, handedness of cincinni an common tepal-stamen primordia 77-97 © Landesmuseum für Kärnten; download www.landesmuseum.ktn.gv.at/wulfenia; www.biologiezentrum.at Wulfenia 17 (2010): 77–97 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Early fl ower and infl orescence development in Dioscorea tokoro (Dioscoreales): shoot chirality, handedness of cincinni and common tepal-stamen primordia Margarita V. Remizowa, Dmitry D. Sokoloff & Katsuhiko Kondo Summary: Infl orescence and early fl ower development in the East Asian Dioscorea tokoro were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synfl orescence is typically a raceme of open thyrses. Lateral units of thyrses are cincinni, which in female plants are often replaced by single fl owers with a bracteole. Phyllotaxy of thyrse axis follows the Fibonacci pattern. There is a correlation between clockwise or anticlockwise direction of phyllotaxy along the thyrse axis and handedness of lateral cincinni. Two types of this correlation are theoretically possible, and both have been recorded in diff erent angiosperms. Flower orientation in Dioscorea is the same as in many other monocots that possess a bracteole, i.e. an outer whorl tepal is inserted opposite the bracteole and an inner whorl tepal is inserted on the same radius as the bracteole. The outer tepal opposite the bracteole is the fi rst fl oral organ to initiate.
    [Show full text]
  • Drosera Anglica Huds
    Drosera anglica Huds. (English sundew): A Technical Conservation Assessment Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project December 14, 2006 Evan C. Wolf, Edward Gage, and David J. Cooper, Ph.D. Department of Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Stewardship Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Peer Review Administered by Center for Plant Conservation Wolf, E.C., E. Gage, and D.J. Cooper. (2006, December 14). Drosera anglica Huds. (English sundew): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http:// www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/droseraanglica.pdf [date of access]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Numerous people helped us in the preparation of this assessment by contributing ideas, data, photographs, or other forms of assistance. The Wyoming Natural Diversity Database provided element occurrence data and habitat information essential to the document. We also wish to thank the many USDA Forest Service personnel who provided help or guidance, including Kent Houston, Steve Popovich, John Proctor, Kathy Roche, and Gary Patton. The Rocky Mountain Herbarium provided important information, as did several individuals including Bonnie Heidel, Sabine Mellmann-Brown, and Christopher Cohu. Thanks also to Rachel Ridenour and Emily Drummond for their assistance. We would like to thank David Anderson for making available earlier drafts of his Species Conservation Project assessments, which were helpful in organizing our work. And finally, thanks to Joanna Lemly for information on the newly discovered Colorado occurrence. AUTHORS’ BIOGRAPHIES Evan Wolf, M.S., is a research associate with Colorado State University, living and working in California where he is involved in a number of mountain wetland research projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrating the Conservation of Plant Species of Concern in the New Jersey State Wildlife Action Plan
    Integrating the Conservation of Plant Species of Concern in the New Jersey State Wildlife Action Plan Prepared by Kathleen Strakosch Walz New Jersey Natural Heritage Program New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection State Forestry Services Office of Natural Lands Management 501 East State Street, 4th Floor MC501-04, PO Box 420 Trenton, NJ 08625-0420 For NatureServe 4600 N. Fairfax Drive – 7th Floor Arlington, VA 22203 Project #DDF-0F-001a Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Plants) June 2013 NatureServe # DDCF-0F-001a Integration of Plants into NJ SWAP Page | 1 Suggested citation: Walz, Kathleen S. 2013. Integrating the Conservation of Plant Species of Concern in the New Jersey State Wildlife Action Plan. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Natural Lands Management, MC501-04, Trenton, NJ 08625 for NatureServe #DDCF-0F-001a, 12p. Cover Photographs: Top Row: Spreading globeflower (Trollius laxus spp. Laxus) in calcareous fen habitat; Appalachian Mountain boltonia ( Boltonia montana) in calcareous sinkhole pond habitat of the Skylands Landscape Regional Landscape (photographs by Kathleen Strakosch Walz) Bottom Row: Bog asphodel (Narthecium americanum) in Pine Barren riverside savanna habitat; Reversed bladderwort (Utricularia resupinata) in coastal plain intermittent pond habitat of the Pinelands Regional Landscape (photographs by Renee Brecht) NatureServe # DDCF-0F-001a Integration of Plants into NJ SWAP Page | 2 PROJECT SUMMARY Overall purpose/intent: New Jersey is the first state projected to reach build-out, and pressure from competing land use interests and associated threats is high on the remaining open space. Therefore it is imperative to strategically protect and manage these natural areas for resiliency, as it is on these lands where the future of conservation lies for plants, animals and their critical habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Narthecium Ossifragum Nephrotoxicity in Cervids from Norway
    Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 35(1), 1999, pp. 24±30 q Wildlife Disease Association 1999 EXPERIMENTAL NARTHECIUM OSSIFRAGUM NEPHROTOXICITY IN CERVIDS FROM NORWAY Arne FlaÊùyen,1,3,5 Kjell Handeland,2 Gudbrand Stuve,2 Kathrine A. Ryeng,4 and Thorbjùrn Refsum2 1 Section of Toxicology, National Veterinary Institute, POB 8156 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway 2 Section of Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute, POB 8156 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway 3 Department of Reproduction and Forensic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, POB 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway 4 Department of Arctic Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, N-9005 Tromsù, Norway 5 Corresponding author (e-mail: arne.¯[email protected]) Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article-pdf/35/1/24/2235855/0090-3558-35_1_24.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 ABSTRACT: One moose (Alces alces), two red deer (Cervus elaphus), two reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and two fallow deer (Dama dama) were dosed intraruminally with an aqueous extract made from 30 g of bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum) (wet weight) per kg live weight. The moose and one of the two reindeer were mildly depressed and had reduced appetite 3 to 7 days and 1 to 4 days after dosing, respectively. The serum creatinine and urea concentrations increased markedly in the moose and red deer, and moderately in the reindeer. No increase in serum creatinine and urea was observed in the fallow deer. Histopathological examination of the kidneys of the animals, killed 8 to 10 days after dosing, revealed tubular epithelial cell degeneration, necrosis, and regeneration in the moose, red deer and reindeer.
    [Show full text]
  • A Three-Year Demographic Study of Harper's Beauty (Harperocallis Java Mcdaniel), an Endangered Florida Endemic Joan L
    ~~urnnlof the Torrey Botanical Sociery 132(4), 2005, pp. 55 1-560 A three-year demographic study of Harper's Beauty (Harperocallis Java McDaniel), an endangered Florida endemic Joan L. Walker2.3and Andrea M. Silletti USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 WALKER.J. L. AND A. M. SILLETTI(USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University. Clernson, SC 29634). A three-year demographic study of Harper's Beauty (Harperocallis McDaniel), an endangered Florida endemic. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 551-560. 200.5.-Harperocallisflava is a federally listed endangered plant narrowly endemic to the Florida panhandle. A lack of knowledge about Hurperocaffispopulation dynamics currently hinders conservation planning. Our objectives included describing ramet size. reproductive status, and mortality and recruitment rates in natural populations of H. flava. In 1998, we established permanent plots and marked individual ramets at six sites representing two habitat types in Apalachicola National Forest. At each site, we established 2 3 plots of varying size (0.12-1.8 m2) to include -300 ramets 1 site. In the first year we tagged, recorded reproductive status of, and measured individual ramets (# of leaves, longest leaf length). In 1999 and 2000, new ramets were tagged and all tagged ramets were re- measured. Analysis of variance methods were used to detect site, year, and habitat effects on response variables. Total number of rarnets sampled varied between sites and declined from year to year. The proportion of ramets bearing reproductive structures was low (0.01 to 0.10) and varied with site and year.
    [Show full text]
  • D2.2B Relict Mire of Mediterranean Mountains
    European Red List of Habitats - Mires Habitat Group D2.2b Relict mire of Mediterranean mountains Summary In the montane and sub-alpine belts of the Spanish Sierra Nevada, Corsica, and the Western Balkan peninsula (and also the High Atlas of Morocco), this type of oligo- to mesotrophic mire occurs on the waterlogged margins of glacial lakes and around streams. It develops on blankets of thin peat over siliceous bedrocks, kept constantly wet and cool (covered by snow in the high Balkan mountains for much of the year) and providing a splash of green in prevailingly dry landscapes. The vegetation is dominated by small sedges or graminoids often with distinctive endemics, some of them considered Tertiary relics. Being highly fragile, the habitat is vulnerable to any damage to the hydrological system and has been subject to tourist infrastructure development. Climate warming would obviously threaten its dependence of cold, wet conditions. Strict legal protection is necessary to ensure its survival. Synthesis Relatively few quantitative data on trends in quality and quantity are available, but the information provided indicates relatively small declines in these parameters. However, overall the habitat is assessed to be Vulnerable (VU) within the EU28, because of the small distribution area (AOO) in combination with expected changes in hydrological functioning as a result of climate change (changes in temperature and precipitation patterns). For the EU28+ the AOO is slightly higher, resulting in the category Near Threatened (NT). There is no quantitative data or model available for future trends, but it would be worth to carry out a model for this restricted and fragile habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Fremontia Journal of the California Native Plant Society
    $10.00 (Free to Members) VOL. 40, NO. 1 AND VOL. 40, NO. 2 • JANUARY 2012 AND MAY 2012 FREMONTIA JOURNAL OF THE CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY THE NEW JEPSONJEPSON MANUALMANUAL THE FIRST FLORA OF CALIFORNIA NAMING OF THE GENUS SEQUOIA FENS:FENS: AA REMARKABLEREMARKABLE HABITATHABITAT AND OTHER ARTICLES VOL. 40, NO. 1 AND VOL. 40, NO. 2, JANUARY 2012 AND MAY 2012 FREMONTIA CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY CNPS, 2707 K Street, Suite 1; Sacramento, CA 95816-5130 FREMONTIA Phone: (916) 447-CNPS (2677) Fax: (916) 447-2727 Web site: www.cnps.org Email: [email protected] VOL. 40, NO. 1, JANUARY 2012 AND VOL. 40, NO. 2, MAY 2012 MEMBERSHIP Membership form located on inside back cover; Copyright © 2012 dues include subscriptions to Fremontia and the CNPS Bulletin California Native Plant Society Mariposa Lily . $1,500 Family or Group . $75 Bob Hass, Editor Benefactor . $600 International or Library . $75 Patron . $300 Individual . $45 Beth Hansen-Winter, Designer Plant Lover . $100 Student/Retired/Limited Income . $25 Brad Jenkins, Cynthia Powell, CORPORATE/ORGANIZATIONAL and Cynthia Roye, Proofreaders 10+ Employees . $2,500 4-6 Employees . $500 7-10 Employees . $1,000 1-3 Employees . $150 CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY STAFF – SACRAMENTO CHAPTER COUNCIL Executive Director: Dan Glusenkamp David Magney (Chair); Larry Levine Dedicated to the Preservation of Finance and Administration (Vice Chair); Marty Foltyn (Secretary) Manager: Cari Porter Alta Peak (Tulare): Joan Stewart the California Native Flora Membership and Development Bristlecone (Inyo-Mono):
    [Show full text]