DOCSLIB.ORG

Argentine Space Assets

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Argentine Space Assets NPS ARCHIVE 1997.09 O YARZABAL, X. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS ARGENTINE SPACE ASSETS by Xavier Pablo A. Oyarzabal September, 1997 Thesis Advisor: Jeff Jenncr Second Reader: Thomas Betterton Thesis 09826 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. ?m LIBRARY ^GRADUATE SCHOOL sY CA 833435101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No 0704- 0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188 University ) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT Fighting DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 1997 Master" s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS ARGENTINE SPACE ASSETS 6. AUTHOR(S) Oyarzabal, Xavier Pablo A. 8. PERFORMING 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) ORGANIZATION REPORT Naval Postgraduate School NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 10. SPONSORING / 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) This thesis is an attempt to define how some of the commercial space assets already in use or under development could be useful to the Argentine Navy as tools for better accomplishment of their basic missions. Research efforts involved investigating part of what is available on the international market and some space related international laws and policies that may represent limits for military use of civilian assets. Basically divided in two main areas , communications and remote sensing, this thesis covers the basics of GEO and LEO communication satellites and provides an overview of what could be expected from commercial remote sensmg systems. Through examples, the feasibility of usmg civilian space assets in the military is demonstrated. Finally, an objective analysis is made to define the best approach to improve Argentine Navy space capabilities. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER Low Earth Orbit Satellites, Geostationary Satellites, ORBCOMM, Remote OF PAGES Sensing, SPOT, SeaWifs. 275 16. PRICE CODE 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE LIMITATION OF REPORT OF ABSTRACT Unclassified OF Unclassified Unclassified ABSTRACT UL NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 1 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited ARGENTINE SPACE ASSETS Xavier Pablo A. Oyarzabal Lieutenant Commander, Argentine Navy Argentine Naval Academy, 1 98 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SPACE SYSTEMS OPERATIONS from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL September 1997 ABSTRACT This thesis is an attempt to define how some of the commercial space assets already in use or development could be useful for the Argentine Navy as a tool for better accomplishment of their basic missions Research efforts involved investigating part of what is available on the international market and some international laws or policies referred to space that may represent limits for military use of civilian assets. Basically divided in two main areas , communications and remote sensing, this thesis cover the basics of GEO and LEO communication satellites, and provides an overview of what could be expected from commercial remote sensing systems. Through examples, the feasibility of using civilian space assets in the military is demonstrated. Finally, an objective analysis is made to define the best approach to improve Argentine Navy space capabilities. VI OX LIBRARY TGRADUATE SCHOOL i CA 93943-5101 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. MISSIONS AND REQUIREMENTS 7 A. BACKGROUND..... 7 B. GENERAL MISSION STATEMENT 11 1. Mission Statement #1 14 2. Mission Statement #2 14 C. CONSTRAINTS 14 1. Constraint # 1: Limited Funding 15 2. Constrain 2 No action in space matters can be taken that is contrary to the National Policies 18 3. Constraint #3 No action can be taken that is contrary to International Space Law 20 III. COMMUNICATION SATELLITES IN GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT 27 A. INTRODUCTION 27 B. GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES 28 C. WHAT CIVILIAN SPACE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN GEO COULD BE AVAILABLES FOR ARGENTINE NAVY NOW AND IN THE NEAR FUTURE? 32 D. HOW CAN THE ARGENTINE NAVY USE COMMERCIAL GEO SATELLITES TO SUPPORT NAVAL OPERATIONS? 33 1. Requirements 33 Vll 2. INMARSAT 39 3. INTELSAT 42 4. Challenge Athena as an Example of Implementation 47 5. Legal concerns in the use of INTELSAT and INMARSAT with military purposes 51 6. Argentine Implementation 54 E. BENEFITS AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING GEO COMMERCIAL SATELLITES 57 1. Benefits 57 2. Disadvantages 60 F. SUMMARY 62 IV. COMMUNICATION SATELLITES IN LOW EARTH ORBIT (LEO) 63 A. INTRODUCTION 63 B. LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES 64 C. WHAT CIVILIAN SPACE COMMUNICATION BIG LEO'S SYSTEMS COULD BE AVAILABLE FOR ARGENTINE IN THE FUTURE? 67 1. IRIDIUM 67 2. GLOBALSTAR 72 3. TELEDESIC 76 4. Probable Availability 81 D. MILITARY APPLICATIONS 82 1. Benefits 83 2. Disadvantages 85 E. SUMMARY 86 Mil V. ORBITAL COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION (ORBCOMM) DIGITAL DATA COMMUNICATION AND POSITION SYSTEM 89 A. INTRODUCTION 89 B. BACKGROUND 90 C. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 92 1. Space Segment 92 2. Ground Segment 96 3. Subscriber Terminal (Users Terminal) 98 D. CAPABILITIES 100 1. Digital Data Communication 100 2. Position Determination 105 E. APPLICATIONS 106 1. Commercial Applications 106 2. Military Applications 108 3. Possible Argentine Navy Applications Ill F. BENEFITS AND DISADVANTAGES 114 1. Benefits 114 2. Disadvantages 1 16 G. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS 118 VI. MILITARY APPLICATION OF COMMERCIAL IMAGERY SYSTEMS 121 A. INTRODUCTION 121 B. PARAMETERS TO CONSIDER IN THE USE OF CIVILIAN REMOTE SENSED DATA 125 1. Spatial Resolution 125 IX 2. Spectral Resolution 126 3. Timeliness 126 C. MILITARY APPLICATIONS [OTA- ISC-558, 1993] 130 1. Military Operations 130 2. Reconnaissance 131 3. Arms Control 131 4. Mapping, Charting and Geodesy 132 D. INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS 132 E. BENEFITS AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMMERCIAL REMOTE SENSING 136 1. Benefits 136 2. Disadvantages 138 F. EXISTING COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS - OVERVIEW 139 1. LANDSAT Series 141 2. Resurs Series 143 3. Almaz 144 4. SPOT 145 5. Dong Fang Hong Series 145 6. Japanese Earth Remote Sensing Satellite (JERS-1) 146 7. Indian Resources Satellite Series (IRS-1A /1B/1C/P2) 147 8. European Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1 /2 148 9. CANADIAN RADARSAT 149 VII. SPOT IMAGERY 151 A. INTRODUCTION 151 B. BACKGROUND 151 C. SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 153 1. Space segment 153 2. Ground Segment 156 D. OBTAINING DATA 158 E. POSSIBLE ARGENTINE NAVY APPLICATIONS 161 1. Mission Planing 161 2. Military Analysis 162 3. Surveillance 162 F. SPOT FEATURES 162 1. Standardized Products 162 2. Stored Data Available 164 3. Sensor Tilt Capability 164 4. Along Track Scanner 164 5. Cost 165 6. French Ownership 166 7. World-wide Availability 166 VIII. SEA VIEWING WIDE FIELD OF VIEW SENSOR (SEAWIFS) 169 A. INTRODUCTION 169 B. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 171 1. Space Segment 171 2. SeaWifs Data Processing System 176 C. SEAWIFS DATA MANAGEMENT 177 D. SEAWIFS APPLICATIONS 180 1. Research Applications 180 2. Commercial Applications 182 XI 3. Operational Applications 182 E. POSSIBLE USES OF SEAWIFS DATA BY THE ARGENTINE NAVY 183 1. Fishing Control 184 2. Mining Operations 185 3. Coastal Special Operations 185 4. Landing Operations 185 5. Submarine Operations 185 F. BENEFITS AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING SEAWIFS DATA WITH RESEARCH PURPOSES 186 1. Benefits 186 2. Disadvantages 187 G. THE NEXT STEP ABOUT USING SEAWIFS DATA 188 IX. CONCLUSIONS AND FINDINGS 191 A. CONCLUSIONS 191 1. Use of space is definitely beneficial to the Argentine Navy 191 2. Space assets are expensive 192 3. Space assets are available 193 4. Space use requires understanding 193 5. Under certain circumstances, use of space for military purposes is acceptedl94 6. The United States is increasing military use of commercial space assets 195 7. Space is commercially attractive 195 8. Space assets rapidly become obsolete 195 B. SELECTION CRITERIA 196 1. Operational Concept 197 2. Criteria 198 3. Analysis 202 Ml X. RECOMMENDATIONS 213 A. RECAPITULATION 213 B. GENERAL STEPS TO IMPROVE ARGENTINE NAVY SPACE CAPABILITY 214 1. Define Argentine Navy Space Objectives 214 2. Emphasize Argentine Navy Interest in U.S. Space Cooperation 215 3. Define technical direction and investment 216 4. Space awareness 216 5. Inter-service cooperation 218 C. PRACTICAL STEPS TO IMPROVE ARGENTINE NAVY SPACE CAPABILITY 218 l.SeaWifs 218 2. ORBCOMM 218 3. Remote Sensing Imagery 219 4. Network Development 220 APPENDICES A. ARGENTINE NAVY UNITS 221 B. THE NATIONAL SPACE PLAN 225 LIST OF REFERENCES 247 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 257 Xlll ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to express my recognition to Jeff Jenner, my thesis advisor, for his most valuable teaching and his will in making my job more useful and enjoyable. To Admiral Thomas Betterton for helping me with his experienced point of view and clarifying ideas. To my mother, who since my young years encouraged me to pursue this fascinating carrier. Above all, I want to thanks Marta, my wife and mother of our five children, for being indefatigable and supporting mate, for being kind and unwavering, but mainly for teaching me the secret of not to worry about the things we can not change.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PUBLIC NOTICE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 445 12Th STREET S.W
    PUBLIC NOTICE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 445 12th STREET S.W. WASHINGTON D.C. 20554 News media information 202-418-0500 Fax-On-Demand 202-418-2830; Internet: http://www.fcc.gov (or ftp.fcc.gov) TTY (202) 418-2555 Report No. SAT-00140 Tuesday March 18, 2003 POLICY BRANCH INFORMATION Satellite Space Applications Accepted for Filing The applications listed below have been found, upon initial review, to be acceptable for filing. The Commission reserves the right to return any of the applications if, upon further examination, it is determined the application is not in conformance with the Commission's rules or its policies. Petitions, oppositions and other pleadings filed in response to this notice should conform to Section 25.154 of the Commission's rules, unless otherwise noted. 47 C.F.R. § 25.154. SAT-AMD-20030228-00020 E S2386 PanAmSat Licensee Corp. Amendment PanAmSat Licensee Corp. (PanAmSat) has filed an amendment to its application requesting authority to launch and operate a satellite to replace the C-band fixed-satellite service (FSS) Galaxy IX satellite at 127° W.L. This amendment: (1) changes the name of the replacement satellite from Galaxy IX-R to Galaxy XIII; (2) changes the applicant from PanAmSat Corporation to PanAmSat Licensee Corp., an affiliated company; (3) updates PanAmSat’s financial qualifications; and (4) modifies the technical characteristics of the proposed replacement satellite. (See File No. SAT-LOA-19991207-00118, Public Notice SAT-0030 (December 23, 1999).) SAT-MOD-20030131-00029 P S2396 INTELSAT LLC Modification Intelsat, LLC has filed an application for modification of its authorization to operate its INTELSAT 709 fixed-satellite service satellite.
    [Show full text]
  • Intelsat Satellites Supporting Approximately 50 Channels, Our Intelsatonesm Terrestrial Infrastructure and Other Production Capabilities; And
    Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number 000-50262 INTELSAT S.A. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Luxembourg 98-0346003 (State or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Incorporation or Organization) Identification No.) 4, rue Albert Borschette Luxembourg L-1246 (Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code) +352 27-84-1600 (Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☐ No ☒* Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights in Space 2010
    International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no.
    [Show full text]
  • Falklands Operations
    Falklands Operations This document is designed to be used with the ”Scenario Map” file in pdf format located in the main game directory, which provides a representation of the Falkland Islands and the general locations of the actions listed here. 000.Getting Started.scn – “Getting Started - The Last Skirmish” - June 14, 1982 – 7 Turns Side: British or PBEM Platoon Level - Normal Day Conditions – Play while reading the Getting Started PDF to learn the basics of the game. Fifth Infantry Brigade's night assault against Wireless Ridge, Mount Tumbledown and Mount William had been successful. From the captured heights, the Argentineans could be seen retreating into Stanley. To keep the pressure on, Brigadier Wilson ordered the Welsh Guards to capture the last high ground before Stanley, Sapper Hill. The 1st Welsh Guards had taken heavy losses when the landing ships Sir Galahad and Sir Tristram were bombed at Bluff Cove. To replace the losses, A and C Companies of the 40th Royal Marines were attached to the Welsh Guards. Lt. Colonel Rickett's plan of attack called for the troops to be airlifted to the start line which would be secured by 9th Troop of the 40th Marines. The helicopters were to land on the Goose Green - Stanley Track as the surrounding ground was thought to be mined. The helicopters arrived on time and the troops were airborne. M Company of the 5th Batallon de Infanteria Marnina had been positioned on Mount William when the Scots Guards attacked and captured Mount Tumbledown from other elements of their battalion. They were ordered to abandon the hilltop before the Gurhkas assault began.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of Geosynchronous Objects
    esoc European Space Operations Centre Robert-Bosch-Strasse 5 D-64293 Darmstadt Germany T +49 (0)6151 900 www.esa.int CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS Produced with the DISCOS Database Prepared by ESA’s Space Debris Office Reference GEN-DB-LOG-00211-OPS-GR Issue 20 Revision 0 Date of Issue 28 May 2018 Status Issued Document Type Technical Note Distribution ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Limited Distribution European Space Agency Agence spatiale europeenne´ Abstract This is a status report on geosynchronous objects as of 1 January 2018. Based on orbital data in ESA’s DISCOS database and on orbital data provided by KIAM the situation near the geostationary ring is analysed. From 1523 objects for which orbital data are available (of which 0 are outdated, i.e. the last available state dates back to 180 or more days before the reference date), 519 are actively controlled, 795 are drifting above, below or through GEO, 189 are in a libration orbit and 19 are in a highly inclined orbit. For 1 object the status could not be determined. Furthermore, there are 59 uncontrolled objects without orbital data (of which 54 have not been cata- logued). Thus the total number of known objects in the geostationary region is 1582. If you detect any error or if you have any comment or question please contact: Stijn Lemmens European Space Agency European Space Operations Center Space Debris Office (OPS-GR) Robert-Bosch-Str. 5 64293 Darmstadt, Germany Tel.: +49-6151-902634 E-mail: [email protected] Page 1 / 187 European Space Agency CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS Agence spatiale europeenne´ Date 28 May 2018 Issue 20 Rev 0 Table of contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Sources 4 2.1 USSTRATCOM Two-Line Elements (TLEs) .
    [Show full text]
  • Departamento De Malvinas, Antártida E Islas Del Atlántico Sur
    Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI) - Anuario 2011 Departamento de Malvinas, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur Considerando que este pequeño aporte puede ser de gran ayuda para todos aquellos que tengan interés en este sector geográfico, que por otra parte integra el problema de soberanía que mantenemos con el Reino Unido, y por ende de nuestros intereses en la Antártida, retomamos – como lo habíamos hecho con anterioridad – con la transcripción textual de las noticias aparecidas en el periódico MercoPress - South Atlantic News Agency (http://mercopress.com/), abarcando todos los temas que - a criterio de la suscripta – puedan tener relación tanto con el tema antártico como con las Islas Malvinas María Elena Baquedano Departamento de Malvinas, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur MERCOPRESS. Monday, January 4th 2010 - 07:56 UTC Argentina recalls events of 1833 and reiterates Malvinas claim On the 177th anniversary of the “illegitimate occupation” by the United Kingdom of the Malvinas Islands, Argentina “repudiates” events of 3 January 1833 and calls on the UK to comply with the mandate of the international community and find a peaceful solution to the conflict. Liberation monument dedicated to the British troops that recovered the Falklands in June 1982 Liberation monument dedicated to the British troops that recovered the Falklands in June 1982 1 Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI) - Anuario 2011 An official communiqué from the Foreign Affairs Ministry released Sunday in Buenos Aires states that Argentina considers “incomprehensible the British negative to address the heart of the matter and to find a peaceful and definitive solution to the sovereignty controversy”, according to the international community mandate.
    [Show full text]
  • Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C
    Federal Communications Commission DA 01-2069 Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) INTELSAT LLC ) ) Application to Modify Authorizations to ) File Nos.SAT-MOD-20010509-00032 to Operate, and to Further Construct, Launch, ) SAT-MOD-20010509-00038 and Operate C-band and Ku-band Satellites ) that Form a Global Communications ) System in Geostationary Orbit ) ) Request for Special Temporary Authority to ) SAT-STA-20010815-00074 Conduct In-Orbit Testing of the ) INTELSAT 902 satellite at 58.5º E.L. ) ) Request for Special Temporary Authority to ) SAT-STA-20010717-00066 Relocate the INTELSAT 901 Satellite ) to 53º W.L. ) ORDER AND AUTHORIZATION Adopted: August 31, 2001 Released: September 4, 2001 By the Chief, Satellite and Radiocommunication Division, International Bureau: INTRODUCTION 1. By this Order, we modify the licenses of Intelsat LLC to operate in-orbit satellites, and launch and operate additional satellites in the future.1 We also grant Intelsat LLC Special Temporary Authority to conduct in-orbit testing of its previously authorized INTELSAT 902 satellite at the 58.5º E.L. orbit location, and to operate the INTELSAT 901 satellite at the 53º W.L. orbit location on a temporary basis. Grant of this authorization permits Intelsat LLC the flexibility to deploy its satellites to address operational needs and unforeseen circumstances that may affect continuity of service. 1 See Applications of Intelsat LLC for Authority to Operate, and to Further Construct, Launch, and Operate C-band and Ku-band Satellites that Form a Global Communications System in Geostationary Orbit, Memorandum Opinion Order and Authorization, 15 FCC Rcd 15460, recon.
    [Show full text]
  • CPA-022-2006 Versão
    Referência: CPA-022-2006 Versão: Status: 1.0 Ativo Data: Natureza: Número de páginas: 29/novembro/2006 Aberto 67 Origem: Revisado por: Aprovado por: Ney de Freitas e Marcos de Alencar – 4Biz Assessoria e GT-01 GT-01 Consultoria Título: Panorama/Diagnóstico de Satélites Desenvolvidos e Operantes ao Longo dos Últimos Cinco Anos e Tendências Futuras Lista de Distribuição Organização Para Cópias INPE Grupos Temáticos, Grupo Gestor, Grupo Orientador e Grupo Consultivo do Planejamento Estratégico Histórico do Documento Versão Alterações 1.0 Estudo elaborado sob contrato junto ao Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos (CGEE). Data: 29/11/2006 Hora: 11:00 Versão: 1.0 Pág: - PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO OBJETIVO DO ESTUDO Panorama/Diagnóstico de Satélites Desenvolvidos e Operantes ao Longo dos Últimos Cinco Anos e Tendências Futuras Contratado pelo CGEE – Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos Elaborado por Ney Menandro Garcia de Freitas Marcus Franco Costa de Alencar Outubro 2006 Panorama/Diagnóstico de Satélites Desenvolvidos e Operantes ao Longo dos Últimos Cinco Anos e Tendências Futuras Indice 1. INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................................4 2. DEFINIÇÕES....................................................................................................................4 2.1. CRITÉRIOS DE CATEGORIZAÇÃO ............................................................................4 2.2. ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS........................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • An Elementary Approach Towards Satellite Communication
    AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION WRITERS Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. Co. Publications: 06/2021 APRIL-2021 Publisher Certificate No: 36934 E-ISBN: 978-605-7594-89-1 Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. Co. Publications All kinds of publication rights of this scientific book belong to GÜVEN PLUS GROUP CONSULTANCY INC. CO. PUBLICATIONS. Without the written permission of the publisher, the whole or part of the book cannot be printed, broadcast, reproduced or distributed electronically, mechanically or by photocopying. The responsibility for all information and content in this Book, visuals, graphics, direct quotations and responsibility for ethics / institutional permission belongs to the respective authors. In case of any legal negativity, the institutions that support the preparation of the book, especially GÜVEN PLUS GROUP CONSULTANCY INC. CO. PUBLISHING, the institution (s) responsible for the editing and design of the book, and the book editors and other person (s) do not accept any “material and moral” liability and legal responsibility and cannot be taken under legal obligation. We reserve our rights in this respect as GÜVEN GROUP CONSULTANCY “PUBLISHING” INC. CO. in material and moral aspects. In any legal problem/situation TURKEY/ISTANBUL courts are authorized. This work, prepared and published by Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. Co., has ISO: 10002: 2014- 14001: 2004-9001: 2008-18001: 2007 certificates. This work is a branded work by the TPI “Turkish Patent Institute” with the registration number “Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Desind Finding
    NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE ARCHIVES Herbert Stephen Desind Collection Accession No. 1997-0014 NASM 9A00657 National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC Brian D. Nicklas © Smithsonian Institution, 2003 NASM Archives Desind Collection 1997-0014 Herbert Stephen Desind Collection 109 Cubic Feet, 305 Boxes Biographical Note Herbert Stephen Desind was a Washington, DC area native born on January 15, 1945, raised in Silver Spring, Maryland and educated at the University of Maryland. He obtained his BA degree in Communications at Maryland in 1967, and began working in the local public schools as a science teacher. At the time of his death, in October 1992, he was a high school teacher and a freelance writer/lecturer on spaceflight. Desind also was an avid model rocketeer, specializing in using the Estes Cineroc, a model rocket with an 8mm movie camera mounted in the nose. To many members of the National Association of Rocketry (NAR), he was known as “Mr. Cineroc.” His extensive requests worldwide for information and photographs of rocketry programs even led to a visit from FBI agents who asked him about the nature of his activities. Mr. Desind used the collection to support his writings in NAR publications, and his building scale model rockets for NAR competitions. Desind also used the material in the classroom, and in promoting model rocket clubs to foster an interest in spaceflight among his students. Desind entered the NASA Teacher in Space program in 1985, but it is not clear how far along his submission rose in the selection process. He was not a semi-finalist, although he had a strong application.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2003 Your Satellite Connection to the World SES GLOBAL Is the World’S Premier Provider of Satellite-Delivered Services
    Your Satellite Connection to the World Disclaimer: Only the printed version of this report is the official document Annual Report 2003 Your satellite connection to the world SES GLOBAL is the world’s premier provider of satellite-delivered services. As a strategic management company, SES GLOBAL operates through a unique net- work of leading satellite operators around the world. This network comprises the fully-owned SES ASTRA in Europe and SES AMERICOM in the US, as well as participations in regional satellite operators. Contents 2003 2002 4 Chairman’s statement Financial summary EURmillion EUR million 6 President and CEO’s statement Total revenues 1,207.5 1,349.3 Operational review EBITDA 942.8 1,107.1 8 SES GLOBAL Operating profit 371.7 529.1 12 SES ASTRA Profit of the Group 205.4 204.5 18 SES AMERICOM 24 Global partners Net operating cash flow 873.8 1,051.8 Corporate governance Free cash flow 940.3 306.4 29 SES GLOBAL shareholders 30 Board of Directors Capital expenditure 317.0 683.8 32 Committees of the Board of Directors 34 Executive Committee Net debt 1,699.1 2,661.1 35 Stock-related compensation schemes Shareholders’ equity 3,247.8 3,575.1 35 Our people 36 Our values Earnings per A-share (in EUR) 0.34 0.34 37 Corporate Social Responsibility 38 Management discussion and analysis Dividend per A-share (in EUR) 0.22* 0.20 SES GLOBAL Group Contract backlog 6,435 5,980 consolidated accounts 43 Report of the independent auditor 44 Consolidated balance sheet Employees 789 808 46 Consolidated profit and loss account 47 Consolidated statement of cash flow Key performance ratios in % 48 Consolidated statement of changes EBITDA margin 78.1 82.1 in shareholders’ equity Net income margin 17.0 15.2 49 Notes to the consolidated accounts Return on average equity 6.0 5.5 SES GLOBAL S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • <> CRONOLOGIA DE LOS SATÉLITES ARTIFICIALES DE LA
    1 SATELITES ARTIFICIALES. Capítulo 5º Subcap. 10 <> CRONOLOGIA DE LOS SATÉLITES ARTIFICIALES DE LA TIERRA. Esta es una relación cronológica de todos los lanzamientos de satélites artificiales de nuestro planeta, con independencia de su éxito o fracaso, tanto en el disparo como en órbita. Significa pues que muchos de ellos no han alcanzado el espacio y fueron destruidos. Se señala en primer lugar (a la izquierda) su nombre, seguido de la fecha del lanzamiento, el país al que pertenece el satélite (que puede ser otro distinto al que lo lanza) y el tipo de satélite; este último aspecto podría no corresponderse en exactitud dado que algunos son de finalidad múltiple. En los lanzamientos múltiples, cada satélite figura separado (salvo en los casos de fracaso, en que no llegan a separarse) pero naturalmente en la misma fecha y juntos. NO ESTÁN incluidos los llevados en vuelos tripulados, si bien se citan en el programa de satélites correspondiente y en el capítulo de “Cronología general de lanzamientos”. .SATÉLITE Fecha País Tipo SPUTNIK F1 15.05.1957 URSS Experimental o tecnológico SPUTNIK F2 21.08.1957 URSS Experimental o tecnológico SPUTNIK 01 04.10.1957 URSS Experimental o tecnológico SPUTNIK 02 03.11.1957 URSS Científico VANGUARD-1A 06.12.1957 USA Experimental o tecnológico EXPLORER 01 31.01.1958 USA Científico VANGUARD-1B 05.02.1958 USA Experimental o tecnológico EXPLORER 02 05.03.1958 USA Científico VANGUARD-1 17.03.1958 USA Experimental o tecnológico EXPLORER 03 26.03.1958 USA Científico SPUTNIK D1 27.04.1958 URSS Geodésico VANGUARD-2A
    [Show full text]