DOCSLIB.ORG

Physics-Driven Character Animation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Physics-Driven Character Animation Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática Physics-Driven Character Animation Memoria del Trabajo Fin de Grado Grado en Diseño y Desarrollo de Videojuegos Autor: Aitor Iribar Etxezarreta Tutores: Miguel A. Otaduy Mickeal Verschoor Septiembre 2020 Acknowledgements Gracias a Miguel A. Otaduy y a Mickeal Verschoor por ofrecerme vuestra ex- periencia cuando alcanzaba el límite de mis conocimientos matemáticos. Por obligarme a definir las fuerzas como muelles, y por tener paciencia durante me- ses de escribir esta memoria. Eskerrik asko, bihotzetik, ama eta aitari; azken urte hauek nire burua hobetzen pasatzeko aukeragatik, eta pozten nauen bidean zuen babesa emateagatik. Gracias, Elena, por todo tu apoyo emocional, y por cuánto me ayudaste a re- cuperarme. Gracias también a Codiguillos. Lo que empezó como un grupo para compartir apuntes se convirtió en algunas de mis amistades más preciadas. 1 Abstract Animation in videogames is traditionally implemented through key- frames. Keyframed animations are completely predefined, and lack the ability to react to forces and collisions. Ragdolls are often used when characters need to react to physics, but they can not be animated through keyframes, relegating the use of ragdolls to dead or unconscious characters only. This thesis proposes a method for animating ragdolls by calculating the necessary forces to match a keyframed animation. There exists tech- nology that achieves this, but most of it is proprietary, and little informa- tion on the subject is freely available. As well as proposing the Animation Matching method, the thesis details the development of Hairibar.Ragdoll, an implementation of the method for the Unity engine. This implement- ation is Free Open-Source Software, serving both as a tool and as an example. The Animation Matching method is designed to be intuitive and easy to use by non-technical animators. To this end, the thesis proposes a set of simple parameters to control the ragdoll’s behaviour. It is also designed in such a way that it acts as a post-processing layer that is compatible with any animation technology. The thesis evaluates the results via multiple benchmarks that simulate different use cases for the technology. Finally, it proposes several ways in which the method may be further extended. 2 Contents 1 Introduction 6 1.1 Context . 6 1.1.1 Keyframes . 6 1.1.2 Ragdolls . 7 1.2 Challenges . 7 1.3 Goals . 8 1.3.1 Functional goals . 8 1.3.2 Quality goals . 9 1.4 The thesis’s structure . 9 2 Related Work 11 2.1 Dynamic Motion Synthesis . 11 2.2 Authored Animation-based approach . 11 2.3 Active Ragdoll approach . 12 3 Animation Matching 14 3.1 Ragdoll simulation . 14 3.2 Pose definition . 15 3.2.1 Position . 15 3.2.2 Rotation . 16 3.3 Animation Matching forces . 17 3.3.1 Position Matching . 17 3.3.2 Rotation Matching . 18 3.4 Parameters . 19 3.4.1 Stiffness parameter . 19 3.4.2 Damping parameter . 21 3.4.3 Conclusion . 22 3.5 Power Profiles . 22 3.6 Collisions . 23 4 Implementation 24 4.1 Used technology . 24 4.1.1 Unity . 24 4.1.2 PhysX . 25 4.1.3 Ragdoll setup . 26 4.2 Event timeline . 29 3 4.2.1 The update loop . 29 4.2.2 The physics loop . 30 4.3 Architecture . 34 4.4 Core module . 34 4.4.1 Ragdoll profiles . 34 4.4.2 Ragdoll definitions . 36 4.4.3 Ragdoll settings . 42 4.4.4 Collision Ignorance . 46 4.4.5 Debug Tools . 47 4.5 Animation module . 48 4.5.1 Ragdoll animator . 49 4.5.2 Animation profiles . 50 4.5.3 Mecanim integration . 52 4.5.4 Collision reaction . 52 4.5.5 Power on transitioner . 53 4.5.6 Animated ragdoll wizard . 53 4.6 Extensibility . 54 4.6.1 IBoneProfileModifier . 54 4.6.2 ITargetPoseModifier . 55 4.6.3 Custom ragdoll profiles . 55 5 Tools & Methodology 56 5.1 Tools . 56 5.1.1 Microsoft Visual Studio . 56 5.1.2 Git . 56 5.1.3 HacknPlan . 56 5.2 Methodology . 57 5.2.1 Introduction to Kanban and HacknPlan . 57 5.2.2 Introduction to Git-flow . 57 5.2.3 Development workflow . 58 5.2.4 Data . 59 6 Results & Benchmarks 60 6.1 Benchmarks . 60 6.1.1 Basic Locomotion . 60 6.1.2 Colliding with Walls . 65 6.1.3 Walking Under an Obstacle . 66 6.1.4 Shooting Balls . 66 4 6.1.5 Hanging . 67 6.1.6 Climbing . 68 6.1.7 High Acceleration . 69 6.1.8 Local Space Waving . 69 6.2 Failed experiments . 70 6.2.1 Velocity Gain parameter . 71 6.2.2 Position Matching through Spring Joints . 71 6.2.3 Collision Give . 71 6.2.4 Maximum acceleration . 72 7 Conclusions 73 7.1 Realised goals . 73 7.1.1 Functional goals . 73 7.1.2 Quality goals . 73 7.2 Future work . 74 7.2.1 2D Support . 74 7.2.2 Better animation limiting . 74 7.2.3 Bone scaling and stretching support . 74 7.2.4 Dynamic adjustment of joint limits . 75 7.2.5 Support for omitting intermediate bones . 75 7.3 Closing . 76 References 77 5 1 Introduction Z = 1 Z = 0.3 1.1 Context To understand the method proposed in this thesis, and why it may prove be- neficial, it is important to understand the individual elements that it combines. This section will explain, at a high level, what keyframed animations and rag- dolls are. 1.1.1 Keyframes Traditional animation in videogames works via keyframes. A keyframe defines a position and rotation for every part of the character that can move (referred to as bones). See figure (1) for an example of the keyframes an animation may have. Figure 1: The different keyframes that may be defined for a typical jump anim- ation. Image from The Animator’s Survival Kit. To play a keyframed animation, each bone is positioned and rotated as described in the animation. They do not snap from keyframe to keyframe, though. For a given moment between keyframes, the positions and rotations defined in both keyframes are interpolated between, resulting in a new pose that is in between the two keyframes. This interpolation is visualised in figure (2). Keyframed animations are fixed - they can not react to the environment. The bones are simply moved to wherever the animation says, with no regard to collisions or forces that may be acting on the character. 6 Figure 2: Animators can control the interpolation between keyframes by editing curves. The square icons represent keyframes, while the lines represent the values that will be used for any given moment. 1.1.2 Ragdolls Many games feature characters that die. When a character dies, a keyframed death animation is often too static. If the character dies on a staircase, one would expect it to slide down the stairs and lie diagonally. Keyframed anima- tions lack the ability to adapt to the environment in this way. To achieve better results, it is common to switch the character to a ragdoll upon death. Game engines offer the ability to move objects via a physics simulation. Moreover, these objects can be attached to each other via joints. Joints can limit the ways in which the two attached objects can move; limiting their relative position and rotation. A ragdoll simulates the character bones as physics objects with joints that prevent movements that the human body can not perform. Ragdolls allow characters to become a dead weight and be animated by a physics simulation upon death instead of playing a static death animation. Ragdolls re- spect gravity and collisions, achieving much more dynamic and adaptive results. An example can be seen in figure (3). 1.2 Challenges Keyframed animations could potentially be greatly improved by the dynamic properties of ragdoll simulation. However, keyframes and ragdolls are funda- mentally incompatible. As keyframed animations directly move the bones to a predefined position, they can not be affected by a ragdoll simulation. Any movement caused by the simulation is overwritten by the animation. Furthermore, physics engines are not designed to handle objects that instantly move. Instantaneous movements can introduce extremely high forces to the sim- ulation, making it unstable. They can also break joints, sometimes irreversibly. 7 Figure 3: A dead character being simulated as a ragdoll. Left: what the char- acter looks like in the game. Right: what the physics engine is simulating. Objects could even be moved to inside a wall, resulting in the physics engine attempting to solve an impossible problem. 1.3 Goals The aim of this thesis is to propose and develop a system that enhances key- framed animations with the physical properties of ragdolls. This includes sec- ondary motion, collisions and reactions to forces. Multiple development efforts have achieved this previously, as described in sec- tion (2.2). However, none of them are freely available. Most of them are pro- prietary technology, and information about them is sparse. The system developed in this thesis will be Free Open-Source Software, and will be developed as an extension to the Unity engine, offering a free, ready- made solution for millions of users. Additionally, the proposed method will be applicable to any engine capable of physics simulation. At a high level, the system will work by always simulating the character as a ragdoll, even while playing animations. To play animations, bones will not be instantly positioned. Instead, a series of forces will be applied to the ragdoll such that, if unimpeded, the ragdoll will appear to play the animation. If the animation results in an impossible pose, e.g.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Luminosity | a Re-Imagining of Twilight | by Alicorn
    Luminosity by Alicorn You don't have to make a hundred mistakes for everything to disintegrate around you. One will do. One wrong risk, one misplaced trust, one careless guess is enough to destroy the one thing you can least afford to lose. But I'd never had any reason to imagine that my disaster would befall me at the time when I was most unexpectedly safe. pg. 1 1. Forks 2. The Cullens 3. The Reveal 4. Matchmaking 5. Vampires 101 6. Edward 7. Souls 8. The Future 9. Witches and Werewolves 10. Coven 11. Volterra 12. Norway 13. Newborn 14. Self-Control 15. Honeymoon 16. Ambition 17. Rachel 18. Clearwater 19. Denali 20. Europe 21. Hybrid 22. Maggie 23. Sue 24. Delivery 25. Expectations 26. Little Witch 27. Scatter 28. Ashes 29. Things Left Behind pg. 2 Forks Here is how I decided to live with my father in Washington. My favorite three questions are, What do I want?, What do I have?, and How can I best use the latter to get the former? Actually, I'm also fond of What kind of person am I?, but that one isn't often directly relevant to decision making on a day-to-day basis. What did I want? I wanted my mother, Renée, to be happy. She was the most important person to me, bar none. I also wanted her around, but when I honestly evaluated my priorities, it was more important that she be happy. If, implausibly, I had to choose between Renée being happy on Mars, and Renée being miserable living with me as she always had - I wouldn't be thrilled about it.
    [Show full text]
  • Michał Domański Curriculum Vitae / Portfolio
    Michał Domański Curriculum Vitae / Portfolio date of birth: 09-03-1986 e-mail: [email protected] address: ul. Kabacki Dukt 8/141 tel. +48 608 629 046 02-798 Warsaw Skype: rein4ce Poland I am fascinated by the world of science, programming, I love experimenting with the latest technologies, I have a great interest in virtual reality, robotics and military. Most of all I value the pursuit of professionalism, continuous education and expanding one's skill set. Education 2009 - till now Polish Japanese Institute of Information Technology Computer Science - undergraduate studies, currently 4th semester 2004 - 2009 Cracow University of Technology Master of Science in Architecture and Urbanism - graduated 2000 - 2004 Romuald Traugutt High School in Częstochowa mathematics, physics, computer-science profile Skills Advanced level Average level Software C++ (10 years), MFC Java, J2ME Windows 98, XP, Windows 7 C# .NET 3.5 (3 years) DirectX, MDX SketchUP OpenGL BASCOM AutoCAD Actionscript/Flex MS SQL, Oracle Visual Studio 2008, MSVC 6.0 WPF Eclipse HTML/CSS Flex Builder Photoshop CS2 Addtional skills: Good understanding of design patterns and ability to work with complex projects Strong problem solving skills Excellent work organisation and teamwork coordination Eagerness to learn any new technology Languages: Polish, English (proficiency), German (basic) Ever since I can remember my interests lied in computers. Through many years of self-education and studying many projects I have gained insight and experience in designing and programming professional level software. I did an extensive research in the game programming domain, analyzing game engines such as Quake, Half-Life and Source Engine, through which I have learned how to structure and develop efficient systems while implementing best industry-standard practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Jak Videohry Vyprávějí Příběhy Analýza Aktuálních Klíčových Videoher Hlavního Proudu
    Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Ústav hudební vědy Teorie interaktivních médií Bc. Jaroslav Kolář Magisterská diplomová práce Jak videohry vyprávějí příběhy Analýza aktuálních klíčových videoher hlavního proudu Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Zuzana Husárová, Ph.D. 2013 1 2 Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem práci vypracoval samostatně. Všechny prameny a literaturu, které jsem při vypracování používal, v práci řádně uvádím. V Brně, 4. ledna 2013 3 Narativní potenciál videoher byl na konci 20. století podceňován nebo zcela přehlížen. Vzhledem k rychlému vývoji na poli videoher je nutné přezkoumat aktuální situaci. Objektem této práce jsou klíčové videohry hlavního proudu vydané mezi lety 2010-2012. Podrobným vnímáním ludické a narativní podstaty vybraných videoher hledá tato práce odpověď na otázku „Jakým způsobem videohry vyprávějí příběhy?“ a to z perspektivy nahlížení na příběhy jako na transmediální fenomény. 4 První kapitola – Úvod ............................................................................................................................. 7 Cíl této práce ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Jak budu postupovat ............................................................................................................................ 9 Druhá kapitola – Uvedení do problematiky .......................................................................................... 10 Sjednocení důležitých pojmů ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate" the Cia and Mind Control
    THE SEARCH FOR THE "MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE" THE CIA AND MIND CONTROL John Marks Allen Lane Allen Lane Penguin Books Ltd 17 Grosvenor Gardens London SW1 OBD First published in the U.S.A. by Times Books, a division of Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Co., Inc., and simultaneously in Canada by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd, 1979 First published in Great Britain by Allen Lane 1979 Copyright <£> John Marks, 1979 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner ISBN 07139 12790 jj Printed in Great Britain by f Thomson Litho Ltd, East Kilbride, Scotland J For Barbara and Daniel AUTHOR'S NOTE This book has grown out of the 16,000 pages of documents that the CIA released to me under the Freedom of Information Act. Without these documents, the best investigative reporting in the world could not have produced a book, and the secrets of CIA mind-control work would have remained buried forever, as the men who knew them had always intended. From the documentary base, I was able to expand my knowledge through interviews and readings in the behavioral sciences. Neverthe- less, the final result is not the whole story of the CIA's attack on the mind. Only a few insiders could have written that, and they choose to remain silent. I have done the best I can to make the book as accurate as possible, but I have been hampered by the refusal of most of the principal characters to be interviewed and by the CIA's destruction in 1973 of many of the key docu- ments.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanoscience Education
    The Molecular Workbench Software: An Innova- tive Dynamic Modeling Tool for Nanoscience Education Charles Xie and Amy Pallant The Advanced Educational Modeling Laboratory The Concord Consortium, Concord, Massachusetts, USA Introduction Nanoscience and nanotechnology are critically important in the 21st century (National Research Council, 2006; National Science and Technology Council, 2007). This is the field in which major sciences are joining, blending, and integrating (Battelle Memorial Institute & Foresight Nanotech Institute, 2007; Goodsell, 2004). The prospect of nanoscience and nanotechnology in tomorrow’s science and technology has called for transformative changes in science curricula in today’s secondary education (Chang, 2006; Sweeney & Seal, 2008). Nanoscience and nanotechnology are built on top of many fundamental concepts that have already been covered by the current K-12 educational standards of physical sciences in the US (National Research Council, 1996). In theory, nano content can be naturally integrated into current curricular frameworks without compromising the time for tradi- tional content. In practice, however, teaching nanoscience and nanotechnology at the secondary level can turn out to be challenging (Greenberg, 2009). Although nanoscience takes root in ba- sic physical sciences, it requires a higher level of thinking based on a greater knowledge base. In many cases, this level is not limited to knowing facts such as how small a nano- meter is or what the structure of a buckyball molecule looks like. Most importantly, it centers on an understanding of how things work in the nanoscale world and—for the nanotechnology part—a sense of how to engineer nanoscale systems (Drexler, 1992). The mission of nanoscience education cannot be declared fully accomplished if students do not start to develop these abilities towards the end of a course or a program.
    [Show full text]
  • Apple IOS Game Development Engines P
    SWE578 2012S 1 Apple IOS Game Development Engines Abstract—iOS(formerly called iPhone OS) is Apple's section we make comparison and draw our conclusion. mobile operating system that is used on the company's mobile device series such as iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad which II. GAME ENGINE ANATOMY have become quite popular since the first iPhone launched. There are more than 100,000 of the titles in the App Store are A common misconception is that a game engine only games. Many of the games in the store are 2D&3D games and draws the graphics that we see on the screen. This is of it can be said that in order to develop a complicated 3D course wrong, for a game engine is a collection of graphical game, using games engines is inevitable. interacting software that together makes a single unit that runs an actual game. The drawing process is one of the I. INTRODUCTION subsystems that could be labeled as the rendering With its unique features such as multitouch screen and engine[3]. accelerometer and graphics capabilities iOS devices has Game engines provide a visual development tools in become one of the most distinctive mobile game addition to software components. These tools are provided platforms. More than 100,000 of the titles in the App Store in an integrated development environment in order to are games. With the low development cost and ease of create games rapidly. Game developers attempt to "pre- publishing all make very strange but new development invent the wheel” elements while creating games such as opportunity for developers.[2]Game production is a quite graphics, sound, physics and AI functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mbk-Game Engine Lecture
    Game Tools MARY BETH KERY - ADVANCED USER INTERFACES SPRING 2017 2 person team 3 years ART 300 person team GAME DESIGN 10 years ENGINEERING Final Fantasy 15 PRODUCTION/BUSINESS TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF VIDEO GAMES 1. Video games are real time complex simulations, and must be efficient. TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF VIDEO GAMES 1. Video games are real time complex simulations, and must be efficient. 1999 Roller Coaster Tycoon written by one guy in x86 assembly language TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF VIDEO GAMES 1. Video games are real time complex simulations, and must be efficient. Today, more flexibility in language Typically Object-Oriented Use development tools like Visual Studio or Eclipse TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF VIDEO GAMES 2. People have high expectations for interactive worlds with lots of content TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF VIDEO GAMES 2. People have high expectations for interactive worlds with lots of content Lots of content on tight deadlines. Glitches and crashes are BAD. TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF VIDEO GAMES 3. Real time 3D graphics simulations Doom 1993 Levels, dungeons, and rooms were not only for game pacing, but to limit the number of objects to compute and render at a time. TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF VIDEO GAMES 3. Real time 3D graphics simulations 2016 graphics Pixar - Piper Final Fantasy 15 Gregory, Jason. Game engine architecture. CRC Press, 2009. Game Engines Tools that fit the pieces together Game Engine GAME ENGINES: HISTORY 1990s First-person shooters: Doom by id Software GAME ENGINES: HISTORY Architecture separates core software from game- specific assets ASSETS “ENGINE” SOFTWARE Art assets 3D graphics rendering Game Collision detection map/environments Audio system Rules of play GAME ENGINES: HISTORY 1990’s Separation of game engine allowed “mods” by replacing assets ASSETS “ENGINE” SOFTWARE Art assets 3D graphics rendering Game Collision detection map/environments Audio system Rules of play Not okay mod.
    [Show full text]
  • Sof Desi Inst Ftware Comp Doc Ign of I Tructi E Devel
    DESIGN OF INTERVENTIONS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL REFORM IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION FOR COMPETENCY ENHANCEMENT Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Sanjay Goel Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology JAYPEE INSTITUE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY A-10, SECTOR-62, NOIDA, INDIA April, 2010 DESIGN OF INTERVENTIONS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL REFORM IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION FOR COMPETENCY ENHANCEMENT Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Sanjay Goel Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology JAYPEE INSTITUE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY A-10, SECTOR-62, NOIDA, INDIA April, 2010 ii Copyright JAYPEE INSTITUE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, NOIDA March, 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii DECLARATION BY THE SCHOLAR I hereby declare that the work reported in the Ph.D. thesis entitled “Design of Interventions for Instructional Reform in Software Development Education for Competency Enhancement” submitted at Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India, is an authentic record of my work carried out under the supervision of Prof. J.P. Gupta and Dr. Mukul K. Sinha. I have not submitted this work elsewhere for any other degree or diploma. (Sanjay Goel) Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India April 9th, 2010 iv v SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work reported in the Ph.D. thesis entitled “Design of Interventions for Instructional Reform in Software Development Education for Competency Enhancement”, submitted by Sanjay Goel at Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India is a bonafide record of his original work carried out under our supervision.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuous Collision Principle Software Engineer, Blizzard
    Erin Catto, @erin_catto Continuous Collision Principle Software Engineer, Blizzard Expert Lego Set Number 952, 315 pieces, 1978 Games are fancy flipbooks Games are just fancy flip books. We draw discrete frames that are snapshots of a moving world. Of course the difference is that in a game, the player can influence what is drawn in each frame. Physics engines usually operate in the same way. The engine executes discrete time steps, usually of a fixed size, that march the simulation forward in time. When we do this, the physics engine can miss events that happen in between frames. Discrete steps lead to missed events Consider a bouncing ball. Discrete time steps are good enough for most of the simulation. However, suppose the discrete time steps skip over the time where the ball hits the floor. How can the ball bounce if it never touches the floor? Well it won't and this is a big problem for physics engines. Solution #1: Ignore the bug Bye! If you ignore the missed collision you can get tunneling. In this case the ball falls out of the world. Many physics engines don’t address this problem and leave it up to the game to fix (or ignore the problem). In some cases this is a reasonable choice. For example, if two pieces of debris pass through each other quickly in a game, you may never notice and it doesn’t effect the outcome of the game. Solution #2: Make the floor thicker You can prevent missed collisions by using more forgiving geometry. In this case I made the floor thicker to catch the ball.
    [Show full text]
  • Videopelien Historia Ja Pelinkehitys 2D
    Jani Ylönen VIDEOPELIEN HISTORIA JA PELINKEHITYS 2D-PELIMOOTTOREIDEN VERTAILU JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO TIETOJENKÄSITTELYTIETEIDEN LAITOS 2014 TIIVISTELMÄ Ylönen, Jani Videopelien historia ja pelinkehitys – 2D-pelimoottoreiden vertailu Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto, 2014, 92 s. Tietojärjestelmätiede, Pro Gradu -tutkielma Ohjaaja: Puuronen, Seppo Videopelien historia alkoi 1940-luvun lopulta ja on 2010-luvulla nopeimmin kasvava viihdeteollisuuden ala, niin Suomessa kuin maailmanlaajuisestikin. Tekniikan kehittymisen myötä myös pelit ja niiden kehittäminen ovat muuttu- neet. Peleistä on tullut entistä laajempia ja näyttävämpiä, samalla kuitenkin ke- hityskustannukset ja kehitysajat ovat kasvaneet. Mobiililaitteet kuten älypuhe- limet ja tabletit, sekä digitaalinen jakelu ovat muuttaneet alaa 2000-luvulla, ja mahdollistaneet jälleen pienten studioiden menestymisen yksinkertaisilla peli- ideoilla. Pelinkehitysvälineiden kehittyminen on helpottanut ja nopeuttanut videopelien tekemistä, ja yksinkertaisimmilla pelimoottoreilla voidaan toteuttaa pelejä jopa ilman ohjelmointia. Tässä teoreettis-käsitteellisessä tutkielmassa pe- rehdytään kirjallisuuden pohjalta videopelien historiaan, niiden kehityksen muutoksiin sekä yleiskäyttöisiin pelinkehitysvälineisiin. Tutkimus selvittää ke- hityksessä käytettävien rajapintojen ja pelimoottoreiden käyttötarkoituksen, ja esittelee vuonna 2014 pelinkehittäjien keskuudessa viisi suosituinta pelimootto- ria. Tarkempaan tarkasteluun valikoituneissa kehitysvälineissä on kriteerinä käytetty kykyä alustariippumattomaan
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study on One-Source Multi-Platform Mobile Game Development Using Cocos2d-X
    International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-11, November 2016 A Case Study on One-Source Multi-Platform Mobile Game Development Using Cocos2d-x Jinseok Seo, Hun Choi Abstract— In this paper, by introducing a case study on of "ResourceMaker", a tool developed for efficient game development of a first-person shooter game “Biosis” playable in resource sharing and management. This chapter also both iOS and Android platforms, we present guidelines for describes the level engine implemented to reflect the game developing one-source multi-platform mobile games using designers’ intention freely. Finally, Chapter V concludes the cocos2d-x game engine. This paper also describes the paper. “ResourceMaker” implemented to share and manage game assets efficiently in our multi-targeted development environment and the level engine by using which game planners can easily apply their designs to game levels. We expect that the presented guidelines will help game developers reduce the time and cost for development in the mobile game ecosystem, the life-cycle of which is very short. Index Terms—cocos2d-x, mobile game, multi-platform I. INTRODUCTION Recently, as the mobile platforms including smart phones have achieved popular success, the size of the mobile game market is also rapidly increasing [1]. As the market grows, more and more types of smart devices are emerging. Even on platforms that support the same operating system, many various types of devices with different screen resolutions are being announced. Therefore, it is inevitable that the cost required to develop a game for various platforms and display types as described above is greatly increased.
    [Show full text]
  • New Game Physics Added Value for Transdisciplinary Teams Andreas Schiffler
    . New Game Physics Added Value for Transdisciplinary Teams Andreas Schiffler A dissertation in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) University of Plymouth Supplemented by: Proof of Practice: 1 DVD video documentation, 1 DVD appendices, source code, game executable, and supporting files Wordcount: 76,970 Committee in Charge: Supervisor: 2nd Supervisor: Prof. Jill Scott Dr. Daniel Bisig Zurich University of the Arts (ICS) Zurich University of the Arts (ICST) University of Plymouth University of Zurich (AIL) March 11, 2012 Abstract Andreas Schiffler (2011), `New Game Physics: Added Value for Transdisciplinary Teams', Ph.D. University of Plymouth, UK. This study focused on game physics, an area of computer game design where physics is applied in interactive computer software. The purpose of the re- search was a fresh analysis of game physics in order to prove that its current usage is limited and requires advancement. The investigations presented in this dissertation establish constructive principles to advance game physics design. The main premise was that transdisciplinary approaches provide sig- nificant value. The resulting designs reflected combined goals of game devel- opers, artists and physicists and provide novel ways to incorporate physics into games. The applicability and user impact of such new game physics across several target audiences was thoroughly examined. In order to explore the transdisciplinary nature of the premise, valid evidence was gathered using a broad range of theoretical and practical methodologies. The research established a clear definition of game physics within the context of historical, technological, practical, scientific, and artistic considerations. Game analysis, literature reviews and seminal surveys of game players, game developers and scientists were conducted.
    [Show full text]