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Werkblad Michiel De Ruyter werkblad Michiel de Ruyter Al vier jaar na het einde van de Tachtigjarige Oorlog kreeg de Republiek het aan de stok met die andere zeevarende handelsmacht: Engeland. Hun rivaliteit leidde in de 17e eeuw tot drie zeeoorlogen. Admiraals werden volkshelden. De beroemdste zeeheld is Michiel Adriaanszoon de Ruyter. Michiel de Ruyter (1607-1676) werd geboren in Vlissingen. Toen Michiel 11 was, ging hij al naar zee. Hij voer eerst op een walvisvaarder en later op een kaperschip. Kapers probeerden om koopvaardijschepen van de vijand buit te maken. Het waren geen zeerovers, want ze hadden van hun regering toestemming om te kapen. Het ging Michiel de Ruyter voor de wind. Hij kon een koopvaardijschip kopen. Daarmee voer hij vooral naar Marokko en West-Indië. Toen de Eerste Engelse Oorlog (1652 -1654) was uitgebroken, vroeg de Zeeuwse admiraliteit hem om bevelhebber te worden van de Zeeuwse vloot. Er waren vijf admiraliteiten in de Republiek. Elke admiraliteit leverde schepen aan de oorlogsvloot. De vloot moest de koopvaarders beschermen en natuurlijk zeeslagen uitvechten. De Engelsen hadden grotere schepen, met meer kanonnen. Zij wonnen deze oorlog. In 1653 was Johan de Witt raadpensionaris geworden van Holland en daarmee de machtigste man van de Republiek. Hij liet 60 grote oorlogsschepen bouwen en een korps mariniers oprichten. Voortaan gingen er dus geoefende zeesoldaten mee op de schepen. Michiel de Ruyter werd de opperbevelhebber van de vloot. In 1665 brak de Tweede Engelse Oorlog (1665-1667) uit. Deze oorlog pakte goed uit voor de Republiek. Beroemd is de Tocht naar Chatham van juni 1667. De Nederlanders voeren toen de rivier de Medway op, verbrandden zes grote Engelse oorlogsschepen en namen het Engelse admiraalsschip als trofee mee naar huis. De Ruyter werd als een held ingehaald. (Maar om eerlijk te zijn: het plan was van Johan de Witt en De Ruyter deed de eerste dag niet mee!) In 1672 (het Rampjaar) werd de Republiek aangevallen door de legers van de Franse koning en de bisschoppen van Keulen en Münster. Ter zee kwam het gevaar weer van de Engelse vloot. Deze zeeoorlog heet de Derde Engelse Oorlog (1672- 1673). Op 22 augustus 1673 volgde bij Kijkduin een beslissende zeeslag. De Nederlanders hielden stand. Anders hadden de Engelsen ongehinderd hun landingsleger kunnen overvaren en was de Republiek verloren geweest. Michiel de Ruyter stierf in 1676 aan wondkoorts, nadat hij tijdens een zeeslag tegen de Fransen was getroffen door een kanonskogel. Hij was toen al 69 jaar oud. © Surfspin 2009 Vragen en opdrachten Gebruik zo nodig een Engels woordenboek, atlas en een rekenmachientje. 1.1.1. Zet in chronologische volgorde (de oudste op 1) Floris de Vijfde, Michiel de Ruyter, Willem van Oranje. 1. ............................................... ............. 2. ............................................... ............. 3. ............................................... ............. 2.2.2. De Eerste, Tweede en Derde Engelse Oorlog waren … 0 godsdienstoorlogen 0 handelsoorlogen 0 veroveringsoorlogen 0 vrijheidsoorlogen 3.3.3. Michiel voer een tijdje op een kaperschip. Later maakte hij juist jacht op kapers! Welke woorden betekenen hetzelfde, m.a.w. wat zijn synoniemen? 0 piraat en zeerover 0 piraat en kaper 0 piraat , kaper en zeerover 0 kaper en zeerover 4.4.4. Met zijn koopvaarder de Salamander zeilde Michiel de Ruyter tussen 1644 en 1651 ieder jaar naar Marokko. Hij dreef handel met een van de machtigste mannen van Marokko. a.a.a. Welke handelswaar zou hij naar Marokko hebben meegenomen? 0 bier en jenever 0 bijbels en psalmboeken 0 kaas en tulpen 0 specerijen en wapens b.b.b. Waarvoor zou hij zijn handelswaar geruild hebben? 0 goud en huiden 0 graan en hout 0 sinaasappelen en tomaten 0 woestijnzand 5.5.5. In 1653 kreeg het gewest Holland een nieuwe raadpensionaris . Dankzij hem werd de oorlogsvloot van de Republiek een stuk sterker. Hij is bijna 20 jaar lang raadpensionaris geweest. Tijdens het Rampjaar (1672) werd hij in Den Haag vermoord door aanhangers van de prins van Oranje. Wie bedoelen we? ................................................... ................. © Surfspin 2009 6.6.6. TOPODETECTIVE In het voorjaar van 1664 begon De Ruyter met 18 oorlogsschepen aan een expeditie die twee jaar zou duren. Zo voer de vloot: 1. Naar Algiers om een einde te maken aan de kaapvaart door Algerijnse kapers. 2. Naar de oostkust van Spanje om de schepen te repareren en voedsel in te slaan. 3. Naar de westkust van Afrika om Nederlandse forten te heroveren op de Engelsen. 4. Naar de Antillen (in ‘West-Indië’) om Engelse forten te veroveren. 5. Noordwaarts langs Nieuw-Nederland (nu New York e.o.) naar Newfoundland . 6. Bovenlangs Schotland en langs Zuid-Noorwegen terug naar huis. Geef op het kaartje met pijlen de route aan. Zet bij elke pijl het bijbehorende cijfer. © Surfspin 2009 7.7.7. De TAALMAKERIJ – Voor de wind gaan : uitdrukkingen uit de scheepvaart. Zet de onderstaande betekenissen bij de goede uitdrukking. Kies uit: - aansturen op een keiharde confrontatie - al je krachten en middelen inzetten - al te enthousiast en voortvarend aan iets beginnen - beginnen met iets te vertellen - een waarschuwing afgeven - gaan slapen - heel moe zijn, op apegapen liggen - iets op een andere manier proberen - je plannen aanpassen aan de veranderde omstandigheden - toezicht houden 1. de bakens verzetten = ................................................. .......... 2. een schot voor de boeg geven = ................................................. .......... 3. het over een andere boeg gooien = ................................................. .......... 4. voor pampus liggen = ................................................. .......... 5. op ramkoers liggen = ................................................. .......... 6. te hard van stapel lopen = ................................................. .......... 7. van wal steken = ................................................. .......... 8. alle zeilen bijzetten = ................................................. .......... 9. een oogje in het zeil houden = ................................................. .......... 10. onder zeil gaan = ................................................. .......... © Surfspin 2009 8.8.8. De Republiek had vijf admiraliteiten. Amsterdam was de grootste admiraliteit, maar Rotterdam de oudste. De marinehaven van Rotterdam was Hellevoetsluis. Dat was de belangrijkste marinehaven en de thuishaven van het vlaggenschip. WEETVRAAG. In welke plaats ligt tegenwoordig onze marinehavenmarinehaven en in welke provincie ligt die plaats? (’s Zomers zijn er de Nationale Vlootdagen!) ................................................... ................. 9.9.9. IJZERBREIN In 1665 liep de Zeven Provinciën van stapel. Het werd het beroemdste vlaggenschip van De Ruyter. Het had 80 kanonnen. Het wordt nu nagebouwd in Lelystad. Hieronder staan de afmetingen van de Zeven Provinciën in Amsterdamse voeten. De Amsterdamse voet is een oude lengtemaat. 1 Amsterdamse voet = 28,3 cm. Opdracht . Zet hieronder de afmetingen in meters. Rond af op een heel cijfer. Amsterdamse voet meter lengte 163 .............. breedte 43 .............. 10. In De Ruyters tijd was het steeds hommeles tussen de Republiek en Engeland. Maar in 1689 zou een stadhouder tot koning van Engeland worden gekroond! Deze stadhouder was de zoon van een Engelse prinses. Zijn vrouw was ook een Engelse prinses. Hoe heette deze koning-stadhouder ? 0 prins Maurits (zoon van Willem van Oranje) 0 prins Frederik Hendrik (halfbroer van prins Maurits) 0 Willem II (zoon van Frederik Hendrik) 0 Willem III (alias ‘king Billy’) 11. EXTRA Hoe te communiceren als de kanonskogels je om de oren vliegen? De vloot was verdeeld in eskaders. Hoe denk je dat de opperbevelhebber tijdens een zeeslag met zijn onderbevelhebbers communiceerde? Door middel van … 0 flessenpost 0 postduiven 0 rooksignalen 0 vlaggenseinen 12. EXTRA Uit de tijd van de Engelse zeeoorlogen stammen allerlei Engelse gezegdes die niet erg vleiend voor Nederlanders zijn. Zoek in een woordenboek zo’n Engels gezegde op en schrijf die hieronder. Zet de betekenis erachter. (Tip: kijk in het woordenboek onder het Engelse woord voor ‘Nederlands’.) ................................................... ................. ................................................... ................. De antwoorden vind je hier: http://www.surfspin.nl/vloot.html. © Surfspin 2009.
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