DOCSLIB.ORG

Match Point Match Each of the Terms on the Left with Its Definition on the Right

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Match Point Match Each of the Terms on the Left with Its Definition on the Right CHAPTER 8 Ⅲ CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Game 1 Match point Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. 1. Pericardium _______ A. Outer layer of the wall of the heart 2. Fibrous pericardium _______ B. Fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels 3. Serous pericardium _______ C. Attach the cusps of the AV valves to papillary muscles in the ventricles 4. Pericardial space _______ D. Contains striated muscle fibers that cause the heart to contract 5. Epicardium _______ E. Tough, white fibrous tissue that fits loosely around the heart, protecting it 6. Myocardium _______ F. Space between the fibrous and serous pericardium 7. Endocardium _______ G. Heart’s inner layer 8. Chordae tendineae _______ H. Thin, smooth inner portion of the pericardium 9. Pericardial fluid _______ I. Lubricates the surfaces of the pericardial space and allows the heart to move easily during contraction AAnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.inddnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 4400 112/19/20112/19/2011 112:38:312:38:31 PPMM CHAPTER 8 Ⅲ CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Game 2 Circuit training Trace the circulation of blood on the right side of the heart by linking the appropriate boxes below with red arrows. Trace the circulation of blood on the left side of the heart by linking the appropriate boxes with black arrows. Superior Pulmonary Lungs Aorta vena cava veins Tricuspid Pulmonic Mitral valve Aortic valve valve valve Right Left Right atrium Left atrium ventricle ventricle AAnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.inddnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 4411 112/19/20112/19/2011 112:38:312:38:31 PPMM CHAPTER 8 Ⅲ CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Game 3 Cross-training Test your knowledge of terminology associated with the cardiovascular system by completing this crossword puzzle. Across 12 5. Pointed end of the heart 7. Major artery 9. The inherent ability of the myocardium 34 to contract normally 5 10. Fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the great vessels 67 12. Heart’s inner layer 8 13. Upper chambers of the heart 9 14. Valve between the right atria and ventricle Down 1. Heart’s outer layer 10 11 2. Heart’s middle layer 3. Phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles relax 12 Cavity between the lungs 4. 13 6. Heart’s two lower chambers 8. Phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract 14 9. The body’s smallest vessels 11. Valve between the left atria and ventricle AAnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.inddnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 4422 112/19/20112/19/2011 112:38:312:38:31 PPMM CHAPTER 8 Ⅲ CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Game 4 Hit or miss Some of the following statements about the conduction system are true; the others are false. Mark each accordingly. _____ 1. The sinoatrial (SA) node is the normal pacemaker of the heart. _____ 2. The SA node is located deep in the myocardium of the right atrium. _____ 3. The SA node generates an impulse between 60 and 70 times per minute. _____ 4. The firing of the SA node spreads an impulse throughout the right and left atria, resulting in atrial contraction. _____ 5. The AV node is located in the upper third of the left ventricle. _____ 6. The AV node accelerates impulse conduction between the atria and the ventricle. _____ 7. From the AV node, the impulse travels to the bundle of His. _____ 8. From the Bundle of His, the impulse branches to the right and left bundles. _____ 9. The impulse then travels to the Purkinje fibers and the ventricles contract. _____ 10. If the SA node fails to fire, the AV node automatically takes over at the same rate. _____ 11. If the AV node fails to fire, the heart fails to beat. AAnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.inddnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 4433 112/19/20112/19/2011 112:38:312:38:31 PPMM CHAPTER 8 Ⅲ CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Game 5 Match point Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. 1. Systole _______ A. The amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat 2. Diastole _______ B. The pressure that the ventricular muscle must generate to eject blood from its 3. Cardiac output _______ chamber 4. Stroke volume _______ C. Phase of the cardiac cycle when ventricles contract 5. Preload _______ D. Stretching of muscle fibers in the ventricles 6. Starling’s law _______ E. Pressure ventricle must work against 7. Contractility _______ F. Phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles relax 8. Afterload _______ G. The more the heart muscles stretch during diastole, the more forcefully they contract during systole 9. Resistance _______ H. The amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute I. The inherent ability of the myocardium to contract normally AAnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.inddnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 4444 112/19/20112/19/2011 112:38:312:38:31 PPMM Chapter 8 Answers Game 4 Hit or miss ■ Game 1 1. True. 2. False. The SA node is located on the endocardial surface of Match point the right atrium, near the superior vena cava. 1. B, 2. E, 3. H, 4. F, 5. A, 6. D, 7. G, 8. C, 9. I 3. False. The SA node generates an impulse between 60 and 100 times per minute. 4. True. ■ 5. False. The AV node is located low in the septal wall of the Game 2 right atrium. 6. False. The AV node slows impulse conduction to allow time Circuit training for the contracting atria to fill the ventricles with blood before the lower chambers contract. Superior Pulmonary 7. True. Lungs Aorta vena cava veins 8. True. 9. True. 10. False. If the SA node fails to fire, the AV node will generate an impulse between 40 and 60 times per minute. 11. False, If the AV node fails to fire, the ventricles can generate Tricuspid Mitral Pulmonic Aortic their own impulse between 20 and 40 times per minute. valve valve valve valve ■ Game 5 Right Right Left Left atrium Match point atrium ventricle ventricle 1. C, 2. F, 3. H, 4. A, 5. D, 6. G, 7. I, 8. B, 9. E ■ Game 3 Cross-training 1 2 E M PY IO 3 4 D MCC 5 I APEX A A 6 7 V AORTA D R R 8 ES I DDS 9 NTCONTRACTILITY T OA S UUS RLP TMMT 10 11 I PER I CARDIUMO CLNIL LLUTE 12 ENDOCARD I UM R 13 SR ATR IA IL E 14 TRI CUSP ID AAnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.inddnatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 4455 112/19/20112/19/2011 112:38:312:38:31 PPMM.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter Xi the Circulatory System and Blood
    CHAPTER XI THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND BLOOD Page General characterlstlcs______ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 239 of these organs are independent of the beating of The pericardium ___ __ __ __ 239 the principal heart, and their primary function is The heart. _____ __ __ 240 Physiology of the heart.______________________________________________ 242 to oscillate the blood within the pallial sinuses. Automatism of heart beat. _ 242 The pacemaker system_ 245 THE PERICARDIUM Methods of study of heart beat_____________________________________ 247 Frequency of beat___ __ __ _ 248 Extracardlac regulatlon____ __ __ _ 250 The heart is located in the pericardium, a thin­ Effects of mineral salts and drugs___________________________________ 251 Blood vessels_ __ ___ _ 253 walled chamber between the visceral mass and the The arterial system______ __ __ ___ __ __ __ __ __ 253 adductor muscle (fig. 71). In a live oyster the The venous system_________________________________________________ 254 location of the heart is indicated by the throbbing The accessory heart._____________ 258 The blood______ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 259 of the wall of the pericardium on the left side. Color of blood_ __ __ 261 Here the pericardium wall lies directly under the The hyaline cells___________________________________________________ 261 The granular cells .______________________________________ 262 shell. On the right side the promyal chamber Specific gravity of blood____________________________________________ 265 extends down over the heart region and the mantle Serology ___ __________ __________________ ____ __ ______________________ 265 Bibliography __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 266 separates the pericardium wall from the shell. The cavity in which the heart is lodged is slightly A heart, arteries, veins, and open sinuses form asymmetrical; on the right side it extends farther the circulatory system of oysters and other bi­ along the anterior part of the adductor muscle valves.
    [Show full text]
  • Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Heart/Pig Heart Dissection Middle School/ High School
    Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Heart/Pig Heart Dissection Middle School/ High School This guide is for middle and high school students participating in AIMS Anatomy of the Human Heart and Pig Heart Dissections. Programs will be presented by an AIMS Anatomy Specialist. In this activity students will become more familiar with the anatomical structures of the human heart by observing, studying, and examining human specimens. The primary focus is on the anatomy and flow of blood through the heart. Those students participating in Pig Heart Dissections will have the opportunity to dissect and compare anatomical structures. At the end of this document, you will find anatomical diagrams, vocabulary review, and pre/post tests for your students. National Science Education (NSES) Content Standards for grades 9-12 • Content Standard:K-12 Unifying Concepts and Processes :Systems order and organization; Evidence, models and explanation; Form and function • Content Standard F, Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Personal and community health • Content Standard C, Life Science: Matter, energy and organization of living systems • Content Standard A Science as Inquiry National Science Education (NSES) Content Standards for grades 5-8 • Content Standard A Science as Inquiry • Content Standard C, Life Science: Structure and function in living systems; Diversity and adaptations of organisms • Content Standard F, Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Personal Health Show Me Standards (Science and Health/Physical Education) • Science 3. Characteristics and interactions of living organisms • Health/Physical Education 1. Structures of, functions of and relationships among human body systems Objectives: The student will be able to: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Prep for Practical II
    Images for Practical II BSC 2086L "Endocrine" A A B C A. Hypothalamus B. Pineal Gland (Body) C. Pituitary Gland "Endocrine" 1.Thyroid 2.Adrenal Gland 3.Pancreas "The Pancreas" "The Adrenal Glands" "The Ovary" "The Testes" Erythrocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Platelet Figure 29-3 Photomicrograph of a human blood smear stained with Wright’s stain (765). Eosinophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Platelets Neutrophils Erythrocytes "Blood Typing" "Heart Coronal" 1.Right Atrium 3 4 2.Superior Vena Cava 5 2 3.Aortic Arch 6 4.Pulmonary Trunk 1 5.Left Atrium 12 9 6.Bicuspid Valve 10 7.Interventricular Septum 11 8.Apex of The Heart 9. Chordae tendineae 10.Papillary Muscle 7 11.Tricuspid Valve 12. Fossa Ovalis "Heart Coronal Section" Coronal Section of the Heart to show valves 1. Bicuspid 2. Pulmonary Semilunar 3. Tricuspid 4. Aortic Semilunar 5. Left Ventricle 6. Right Ventricle "Heart Coronal" 1.Pulmonary trunk 2.Right Atrium 3.Tricuspid Valve 4.Pulmonary Semilunar Valve 5.Myocardium 6.Interventricular Septum 7.Trabeculae Carneae 8.Papillary Muscle 9.Chordae Tendineae 10.Bicuspid Valve "Heart Anterior" 1. Brachiocephalic Artery 2. Left Common Carotid Artery 3. Ligamentum Arteriosum 4. Left Coronary Artery 5. Circumflex Artery 6. Great Cardiac Vein 7. Myocardium 8. Apex of The Heart 9. Pericardium (Visceral) 10. Right Coronary Artery 11. Auricle of Right Atrium 12. Pulmonary Trunk 13. Superior Vena Cava 14. Aortic Arch 15. Brachiocephalic vein "Heart Posterolateral" 1. Left Brachiocephalic vein 2. Right Brachiocephalic vein 3. Brachiocephalic Artery 4. Left Common Carotid Artery 5. Left Subclavian Artery 6. Aortic Arch 7.
    [Show full text]
  • 4B. the Heart (Cor) 1
    Henry Gray (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918. 4b. The Heart (Cor) 1 The heart is a hollow muscular organ of a somewhat conical form; it lies between the lungs in the middle mediastinum and is enclosed in the pericardium (Fig. 490). It is placed obliquely in the chest behind the body of the sternum and adjoining parts of the rib cartilages, and projects farther into the left than into the right half of the thoracic cavity, so that about one-third of it is situated on the right and two-thirds on the left of the median plane. Size.—The heart, in the adult, measures about 12 cm. in length, 8 to 9 cm. in breadth at the 2 broadest part, and 6 cm. in thickness. Its weight, in the male, varies from 280 to 340 grams; in the female, from 230 to 280 grams. The heart continues to increase in weight and size up to an advanced period of life; this increase is more marked in men than in women. Component Parts.—As has already been stated (page 497), the heart is subdivided by 3 septa into right and left halves, and a constriction subdivides each half of the organ into two cavities, the upper cavity being called the atrium, the lower the ventricle. The heart therefore consists of four chambers, viz., right and left atria, and right and left ventricles. The division of the heart into four cavities is indicated on its surface by grooves. The atria 4 are separated from the ventricles by the coronary sulcus (auriculoventricular groove); this contains the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the heart, and is deficient in front, where it is crossed by the root of the pulmonary artery.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 12 the Cardiovascular System: the Heart Pages
    CHAPTER 12 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: THE HEART PAGES 388 - 411 LOCATION & GENERAL FEATURES OF THE HEART TWO CIRCUIT CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DIVISIONS OF THE HEART FOUR CHAMBERS Right Atrium Left Atrium Receives blood from Receives blood from the systemic circuit the pulmonary circuit FOUR CHAMBERS Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Ejects blood into the Ejects blood into the pulmonary circuit systemic circuit FOUR VALVES –ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES Right Atrioventricular Left Atrioventricular Valve (AV) Valve (AV) Tricuspid Valve Bicuspid Valve and Mitral Valve FOUR VALVES –SEMILUNAR VALVES Pulmonary valve Aortic Valve Guards entrance to Guards entrance to the pulmonary trunk the aorta FLOW OF BLOOD MAJOR VEINS AND ARTERIES AROUND THE HEART • Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart • Veins allow blood to VISIT the heart MAJOR VEINS AND ARTERIES ON THE HEART Coronary Circulation – Supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart ARTERIES Elastic artery: Large, resilient vessels. pulmonary trunk and aorta Muscular artery: Medium-sized arteries. They distribute blood to skeletal muscles and internal organs. external carotid artery of the neck Arteriole: Smallest of arteries. Lead into capillaries VEINS Large veins: Largest of the veins. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Medium-sized veins: Medium sized veins. Pulmonary veins Venules: the smallest type of vein. Lead into capillaries CAPILLARIES Exchange of molecules between blood and interstitial fluid. FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH HEART TISSUES OF THE HEART THE HEART WALL Pericardium Outermost layer Serous membrane Myocardium Middle layer Thick muscle layer Endocardium Inner lining of pumping chambers Continuous with endothelium CARDIAC MUSCLE Depend on oxygen to obtain energy Abundant in mitochondria In contact with several other cardiac muscles Intercalated disks – interlocking membranes of adjacent cells Desmosomes Gap junctions CONNECTIVE TISSUE Wrap around each cardiac muscle cell and tie together adjacent cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Heart and Circulatory System Heart Chambers
    160 Allen Street Rutland, Vermont 05701 www.rrmc.org 802.775.7111 Anatomy of the Heart Overview The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood HEART AND throughout your body. It is positioned behind the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM lungs, slightly to the left side of the chest. Your heart is a bit larger than the size of your fist. Let's examine the structures of the heart and learn how blood travels through this complex organ. Right Side The heart is divided into two sides and four chambers. On the right side, blood that has already circulated through the body enters the heart through the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. The blood flows into the right atrium. When this chamber is full, the heart pushes the blood through the tricuspid valve and into the the next chamber - the right ventricle. From there, the blood is pushed out of the heart through the pulmonary valve. The blood travels through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where it will pick up oxygen and give up carbon dioxide. HEART CHAMBERS Left Side On the left side of the heart, blood that has received oxygen from the lungs enters the heart through the pulmonary veins. The blood flows into the left atrium. It is pushed through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. Finally, it is pushed through the aortic valve and into the aorta. The aorta is the body's largest artery. It helps distribute the oxygen-rich Right Left blood throughout the body. Valves Now let's take a closer look at the valves.
    [Show full text]
  • Arrhythmia Study Guide – 2 – Sinus and Atrial Rhythms
    Arrhythmia Study Guide – 2 – Sinus and Atrial Rhythms Review of Conduction System: SA Node initiates electrical impulses at a rate of 60 – 100 BPM and is the primary pacemaker of the heart. The AV node recieves the impulse from the SA Node through the internodal pathways. The AV Node then delays relay ofthe impulse to the Bundle of His to allow the atria to empty into the ventricles before the ventricular contraction starts. The Bundle of His relays the impulse to the right and left bundle branches. The bundle branches relay to the Purkinje Fibers and the Purkinje Fibers deliver the impulse to the ventricular myocardium to trigger the ventricular contraction. If the SA Node fails to fire, or fires at a much slower rate, the AV node may take over as pacemaker at a rate of 40 - 60 BPM. If the AV Node fails or fires at a much slower rate, the Perkinjie fibers may act as pacemaker at a rate of 20 – 40 BPM. The ECG is a graph of the electrical activity of the heart. Knowing how the heart conducts the electrical impulses provides a strong basis for understanding the ECG strip – and figuring out what is or is not working correctly. SINUS RHYTHMS Rhythms that originate from the SA Node are characterized by upright uniform P-waves followed by a QRS complex. The P-R interval is constant, and the atrial (P-waves) and ventricular (QRS Complex) rhythms are regular. A rate less than 60 is bradycardic, 60 to 100 is normal, over 100 is tachycardic.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
    NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Ventricular Anatomy for the Electrophysiologist (Part
    Ventricular Anatomy for the REVIEW Electrophysiologist (Part II) SPECIAL 서울대학교 의과대학 병리학교실 서정욱 이화여자대학교 의학전문대학원 김문영 ABSTRACT The conduction fibers and Purkinje network of the ventricular myocardium have their peculiar location and immuno-histochemical characteristics. The bundle of His is located at the inferior border of the membranous septum, where the single trunk ramifies into the left and right bundle branches. The left bundle branches are clearly visible at the surface. The right bundles are hidden in the septal myocardium and it is not easy to recognize them. The cellular characters of the conduction bundles are modified myocardial cells with less cytoplasmic filaments. Myoglobin is expressed at the contractile part, whereas CD56 is expressed at the intercalated disc. A fine meshwork of synaptophysin positive processes is noted particularly at the nodal tissue. C-kit positive cells are scattered, but their role is not well understood. Purkinje cells are a peripheral continuation of bundles seen at the immediate subendocardium of the left ventricle. Key words: ■ conduction system ■ Purkinje network ■ pathology ■ arrhythmia ■ electrophysiology Introduction human heart. In this brief review, the histological characteristics of conduction cells, stained by The functional assessment of abnormal cardiac conventional and immuno-histochemical staining, are 3 rhythm and a targeted treatment based on demonstrated in the second part of the review. electrophysiologic studies are successful advances in cardiology.1 Morphological assessment or confirmation The characteristic location of the ventricular of hearts with such abnormalities is rare, not only due conduction system to the limited availability of human hearts but also inherent technological limitations of existing The atrioventricular node is situated in its technology.2 Classical morphological approaches and subendocardial location at the triangle of Koch.
    [Show full text]
  • Structures of the Heart
    Anatomy Tip Structures of the Heart In an effort to aid Health Information Management Coding Professionals for ICD-10, the following anatomy tip is provided with an educational intent. TIP: The Heart is made up of three main structures: 1. The Pericardium 2. The Heart Wall 3. The Chambers of the Heart The pericardium surrounds the heart. The outer layer, called the fibrous pericardium, secures the heart to surrounding structures like the blood vessels and the diaphragm. The inner layer, called the serous pericardium, is a double-layered section of the heart. Inside the two layers, serous fluid, known as pericardial fluid, lubricates and helps the heart move fluidly when beating. The heart wall is made up of three tissue layers: the epicardium, the myocardium, and the endocardium. The epicardium, which is the outermost layer, is also known as the visceral pericardium because it is also the inner wall of the pericardium. The middle layer, known as the myocardium, is formed out of contracting muscle. The endocardium, the innermost layer, covers heart valves and acts as a lining of the heart chambers. It is also in contact with the blood that is pumped through the heart, in order to push blood into the lungs and throughout the rest of the body. The four heart chambers are crucial to the heart’s function, composed of the atria, the right atrium and left atrium, and ventricles, the right ventricle and left ventricle. The right and left atria are thin-walled chambers responsible for receiving blood from veins, while the left and right ventricle are thick-walled chambers responsible for pumping blood out of the heart.
    [Show full text]
  • Cardiology Self Learning Package
    Cardiology Self Learning Package Module 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Module 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart Heart. Page 1 Developed by Tony Curran (Clinical Nurse Educator) and Gill Sheppard (Clinical Nurse Specialist) Cardiology (October 2011) CONTENT Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………Page 3 How to use the ECG Self Learning package………………………………………….Page 4 Overview of the Heart…………………………………………………...…………..…….Page 5 Location, Size and Shape of the Heart…………………………………………………Page 5 The Chambers of the Heart…………….………………………………………..……….Page 7 The Circulation System……………………………………….………………..…………Page 8 The Heart Valve Anatomy………………………….…………………………..…………Page 9 Coronary Arteries…………………………………………….……………………..……Page 10 Coronary Veins…………………………………………………………………..……….Page 11 Cardiac Muscle Tissue……………………………………………………………..……Page 12 The Conduction System………………………………………………………………...Page 13 Cardiac Cycle……………………………………………………………………………..Page 15 References…………………………………………………………………………………Page 18 Module Questions………………………………………………………………………..Page 19 Module Evaluation Form………………………………………………………………..Page 22 [Module 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart Page 2 Developed by Tony Curran (Clinical Nurse Educator) and Gill Sheppard (Clinical Nurse Specialist) Cardiology (October 2011) INTRODUCTION Welcome to Module 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart. This self leaning package is designed to as tool to assist nurse in understanding the hearts structure and how the heart works. The goal of this module is to review: Location , size and shape of the heart The chambers of the heart The circulation system of the heart The heart’s valve anatomy Coronary arteries and veins Cardiac muscle tissue The conduction system The cardiac cycle This module will form the foundation of your cardiac knowledge and enable you to understand workings of the heart that will assist you in completing other modules. Learning outcomes form this module are: To state the position of the heart, the size and shape.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 1 Lecture 2
    Unit 1 Lecture 2 Unit 1 Lecture 2 THE HEART Anatomy of the Heart The heart rests on the diaphragm in a space called the mediastinum. It weighs @ 300 grams and is about as big as a clenched fist. The pointed end is called the apex and the opposite end is called the base but is really the top of the heart. The bulk of the heart tissue is made up of the left ventricle. A pericardium (a 3-layered bag) surrounds the heart and composed of fibrous pericardium (that provides protection to the heart, prevents overstretching, and anchors the heart in the mediastinum), a serous pericardium which is composed of two layers (the parietal layer or outer layer that is fused to the fibrous pericardium and the visceral layer or the inner layer that adheres to heart muscle). The visceral pericardium is also called the epicardium. Pericardial fluid is found in the pericardial cavity, which is located between the two layers, helps lubricate and reduces friction between membranes as the heart moves. The heart wall is composed of three layers: the epicardium (see visceral pericardium above), the myocardium which is cardiac muscle tissue and the bulk of mass in the heart, and endocardium or the innermost layer of the heart. This lining is continuous through all of the blood vessels except for the capillaries. The Heart Chambers and Valves Internally the heart is divided into four chambers. The two upper chambers are the right and left atria. Each has an appendage (auricle) whose function is to increase the volume of the atria.
    [Show full text]