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Protecting the Olive Ridley Turtle the Story of the Dhamra Port

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Protecting the Olive Ridley Turtle the Story of the Dhamra Port Protecting the Olive Ridley Turtle The Story of the Dhamra Port Protecting the Olive Ridley Turtle The Story of the Dhamra Port 3 The designation of geographical entities Published by: Cover photo: in this book, and the presentation of the IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Olive Ridley turtle hatchlings on material, do not imply the expression Gahirmatha beach, Odisha India © of any opinion whatsoever on the part Copyright: IUCN of IUCN concerning the legal status © 2014 International Union for of any country, territory, or area, Conservation of Nature and Natural Available from: or of its authorities, or concerning Resources IUCN (International Union for the delimitation of its frontiers or Conservation of Nature) boundaries. Resources: Asia Regional Office Reproduction of this publication for 63 Sukhumvit Soi 39 The views expressed in this publication educational or other non-commercial Bangkok 10110 do not necessarily reflect those of purposes is authorized without prior Thailand IUCN. written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully www.iucn.org/asia This publication has been made acknowledged. possible in part by the generous support of Dhamra Port Company Reproduction of this publication for Limited. resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: IUCN (2014). Protecting the Olive Ridley Turtle, The Story of the Dhamra Port. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 30pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1634-3 Contents Background ................................................................................................................................................................6 The Actors ..................................................................................................................................................................8 Laying Best Plans .....................................................................................................................................................11 Implementation .........................................................................................................................................................16 Reflections ................................................................................................................................................................24 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................................................27 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................................28 Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................................29 Notes .......................................................................................................................................................................29 5 Background The road to Dhamra Port © IUCN 6 “I am pleased that the Tata Group’s tradition of corporate social and environmental responsibility continued in the development of Dhamra Port. We have appreciated the partnership with IUCN in achieving this together.” Ratan N. Tata The story of Dhamra Port is the questions about its location close to the environmental community about story of a major corporation and a a mass nesting site of the Olive Ri- whether IUCN should be involved. global environmental organization dley turtle at Gahirmatha, about 15 And DPCL and the Tata Group knew working together to ensure that the kilometres to the south, and to the that once they had engaged with construction of a large industrial port nearby Bitarkhanika Wildlife Refuge. IUCN, there could be significant cost in India would not harm a signifi- The Olive Ridley is one of the world’s associated with the organization’s cant population of endangered sea seven remaining sea turtle species, recommendations. turtles. and is vulnerable to extinction at a Over a period of several years, the The eastern part of India is one global level. It is also protected under two organizations worked together of the least developed areas of the Indian law. through many challenges to demon- country, despite being one of the Early on, a number of environ- strate that development and conser- most resource rich. In early 2000, mental organizations in India voiced vation can co-exist, and that there expanding links between the Indian strong opposition to the develop- are ways to develop in a responsible and global economies brought op- ment of the port. Fortunately both manner that meets both the needs of portunities for development of the Tata Steel and L&T were committed people and the needs of nature. area, but a deep port was needed to to establishing whether a port could The story of Dhamra Port is a support this growth. The government be built in this area without harming story of misunderstandings, techni- of Odisha identified Dhamra, based the turtles. cal difficulties and conflict. But it is on an Indian Institute of Technology1, They asked IUCN, the Interna- equally a story of determined individ- Madras (now Chennai) study, to be tional Union for Conservation of Na- uals, enlightened companies, innova- the most suitable location, and the ture, to advise on the project. IUCN tive approaches and mutual benefit. development of the port was taken brought in its global experts on sea Despite the challenges, it is a story up by the Dhamra Port Company Ltd turtles who worked with DPCL to that resulted in a happy ending, both (DPCL), a 50:50 joint venture of Tata help implement significant mitigation for the Olive Ridley turtle and for the Steel and construction giant Larsen measures. people of Odisha, and it is told here & Toubro (L&T). Both IUCN and DPCL accepted in the hope that the lessons learned From a development perspec- that this was a challenging engage- can be applied to other projects that tive, the site was perfect. But from a ment from the beginning. There was will have similar positive outcomes for conservation perspective there were major resistance and debate within people and for nature. 7 The Actors Stories about nature are always commitment, and expertise of the complex. The diversity of species people involved. Before we try to and ecosystems that make up the in- describe the interplay between the tricate and interconnected web of life organizations and people, it is worth- still present us with many unknowns. while to try to understand each of When we add the human factor to them and their motivations in turn. this equation, the complexity ex- pands further. This was certainly the Olive Ridley Turtles case here. Quietly going about their lives, the The Dhamra Port project involved Olive Ridley turtles were the central an array of diverse institutions, sub- actors in the drama, evoking passion institutions and informal groups, among traditional people, conser- each with distinct values, ambitions, vationists, and almost anyone who networks, history, and knowledge knows them. guiding their decision making. Beginning life in an egg buried in As they interacted, the full com- beach sand, the turtles eventually plexity of the story began to emerge. chip themselves free and, following But as much as this is a story about light cues and magnetic forces, make organizations, it is also a story about a long, predator-threatened crawl to people. None of what was accom- the water where they drift offshore to plished would have been possible loll about in masses for a couple of without the vision, determination, years. Eventually settling in coastal Olive Ridley turtle hatchlings on Gahirmatha beach, Odisha India © IUCN 8 feeding grounds, they pass about 10 years before returning to the beach to deposit their eggs in solitary or mass nesting migrations known as “arriba- das”. The mass nesting migrations can involve as many as 100,000 tur- tles approaching a beach to nest.2 It may have been this unique life cycle which prompted Hindus to see the turtle as bound up with everlast- ing life. In a second incarnation, Lord Vishnu, the supreme God of suste- nance, transposes into a tortoise whose back becomes the foundation for the making of the elixir of everlast- ing life. Later, Vishnu, as turtle, saved the gods from mortality and humans from disappearance altogether. As it turns out, it is the Olive Ridley which faces extinction now.3 One of seven remaining species of sea tur- tles, the Olive Ridley, which breeds on beaches south of Dhamra, is classi- Fishing boats at Dhamra jetty © IUCN fied as “Vulnerable” by the IUCN Red ListTM, which means it is considered sha, the State Government of Odisha They initiated the effort to ensure to be facing a high risk of extinction realized the value of a new industrial the port would not harm the turtles in the wild. port on the east coast of India. and together they led from above to At the same time, the state gov- ensure corporate support was there Fishers ernment is the custodian of the rich throughout the process. Odisha fishers have likely roved biodiversity of its coastline and was The century-old Tata Steel is a the same seas as the Olive Ridley equally concerned about the conser- Fortune 500 company. It built the first for centuries. In the past few dec- vation of turtles, which were already integrated steel plant in Asia and is ades, however, the number of turtles facing an undesirable rate of mortal- today
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