City Report ------ISLAMABAD C1TY
Population and Housing Census 1998
:J
00er $ $ I Government of Pakistan Statisti-cs Division Population Census Organization www .census.gov .pk iii
PREFACE
The process of urbanization and continuous expansion of cities in tenns of population size has resulted in ever increasing civic problem~. This, naturally, necessitates the availability of data pertaining to urban centers for planned development of the area and to solve other relevant issues.
Although, the regular census publications of 1998 Census i.e. District/Provincial and National reports, carry data by rural/urban areas in all the tables while two tables pertain to urban localities in the district/province but that data does not replace the demand for exclusive tabulation of data for urban centres, specially the big c:ties. Therefore, it seemed appropriata to publish separate City Reports initially for big cities, having population of 3 lacs and above.
The city report consists of five parts viz (I) write up which carries general description of the city, (II) Broad analysis of population data, (Ill) Broad analysis of housing data, (IV) comprises statistical tables while Part (V) provides additional information in the form of annexures.
I hope this report will be a valuable addition to the stock of census publications and will serve its purpose usefully.
( NAJAM HASAN ) Islamabad, February, 2006 Chief Census Commissioner iv
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
1. Basic Material for different Muhammad Bashir Janjua sections of Part-I Geographer
2. Analysis, preparation of Part-I I Muhammad Bashir Janjua and Part-Ill Geographer
3. Vetting and improvements Muhammad Saleem Joint Census Commissioner
4. Supervision over text and Checking Muhammad Saeed Census Commissioner
5. Typing work Muhammad Saleem Qureshi Stenographer
6. Composing Aziz-ud-Din Stenographer
7. Proof Reading Liaquat Ali Chattha Statistical Assistant
8. Printing Chief Technical Officer and his staff Printing Press, Population Census Organization, Islamabad
9. Approval NAJAMHASAN Chief Census Commissioner v CONTENTS
PART- I Page No.
1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 CLIMATE 2
1.3 CITY ADMINISTRATION 3
1.4 POLICE SET UP 4
1.5 JUDICIARY 5
1.6 COMMUNICATIONS 5
1.7 INDUSTRY 6
1.8 HEALTH FACILITIES 7
1.9 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES 9
1.10 COMMERCIAL AREAS 10
1.11 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS 10
1.11.1 Pakistan National Council of the Arts (PNCA} 11
1.11.2 Institute of Folk Heritage (Lok Virsa} 11
1.11.3 National Film Development Cooperation 11
1.11.4 Community Centres 11
1.12 PLACES OF INTEREST 11
1.12.1 Faisal Masjid 11
1.12.2 Shrine of Syed Me her Ali Shah 12
1.12.3 Shrine of Shah Abdul Latif (B 1.12.4 Shakarparian Hills 12 1.12.5 Rose and Jasmine Garden 13 1.12.6 CDA Camping Site 13 1.12.7 Argentia Park 13 vi 1.12.8 Margalla National Park 13 1.12.9 Daman-i-Koh 13 1.12.10 Marghzar 13 1.12.11 Islamabad Club 14 1 12.12 Fatima Jinnah Park 14 1.12.13 Gulistan-i-Fatima 14 1.12.14 Spiral Fountain Park 14 1.12.15 Flower Shows 14 1.13 SPORTS AND GAMES 14 1.14 NERVE CENTRES 15 1.14.1 Secretariat Blocks 15 1.14.2 Aiwan-e-Sadr (President's House) 15 1.14.3 Parliament House 15 1 14.4 The Supreme Court 16 1.14.5 Prime Minister's House Complex 16 1.14.6 Prime Minister's Secretariat Building 16 1.14.7 The National Library 16 1 14.8 State Bank Building 16 1.14.9 Foreign Office 17 1.14.10 Government Hostel 17 1.14.11 Broadcasting House 17 1 14.12 CBR House 17 1 14.13 Parliament Lodges 17 1.15 HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS 18 vii PART - II 2. BROAD ANALYSIS OF POPULATION DATA 2.1 POPULATION SIZE, GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION 21 2.1.1 Population Size and Growth 21 2.1.2 Household Size 21 2.1.3 Religious Composition 23 2.1.4 Linguistic Distribution 23 2.1.5 Disabled Persons 26 2.2 SEX, AGE AND MARITAL STATUS 2.2.1 Sex Ratio 26 2.2.2 Age Structure 28 2.2.3 Marital Status 29 2.3 LITERACY AND EDUCATION 33 2.3.1 Literacy Ratio 33 2.32 Educational Attainment 33 2.3.3 Enrollment Ratio 36 2.3.4 Level of Education 36 2.4 MIGRATION 38 2.4.1 Life Time Migrants 40 2.4.2 Reasons of Migration 41 2.5 ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 41 2.5.1 Economically Active Population 41 2.5.2 Un-Employment 44 2.5 3 Employed Population by Occupation 44 2.5.4 Employed Population by Industry 46 2.5 5 Employed Population by Employment Status 49 2.6 IMMUNIZATION 49 2.7 NATIONAL IDENTITY CARD 51 viii PART-Ill 3. BROAD ANALYSIS OF HOUSING DATA 57 3.1 HOUSING STOCK 57 3.1.1 Level of Congestion 57 3.1.2 Nature of Tenure 59 3.1.3 Period of Construction 59 3.1.4 Construction Material of Outer Walls 59 3.1.5 Construction Material of Roofs 61 3.2 HOUSING FACILITIES 64 3.2.1 Source of Drinking Water 64 3.2.2 Source of Lighting 64 3.2.3 Cooking Fuel Used 66 3.2.4 Availability of Kitchen, Bath room and Latrine 69 3.2.5 Source of Information 71 I I ------11 is: ·)' PART-IV STATISTICAL TABLES Tablc-1 Population by sex, sex ratio,'house hold size and annual growth rate 75 Table-2 {Not included being irrelevant) Table-3 {Not included being irrelevant) Table-4 Population by single year. age and sex 76 Table-5 Population by selected age group and sex 79 Table-6 Population (15 years and above) by sex, age group and marital status 80 Table-7 Population by relationship to the head of household by age group & sex 81 Table-8 Population by religion and sex 83 t Table-9 {Not included being irrelevant) Table-10 Population by mother tongue and sex 84 I Table-11 Population (10 years and above) by literacy, sex and age group 85 r. Table-12 Literate population (10 years and above) by level of educational attainment, ! sex and age group. Table-13 to Not included being irrelevant. Table-36 Table-37 Population { 18 years and above) holding National Identity Card by age 87 group and sex Table-38 Homeless population by age group, sex, marital status, religion & literacy 88 Table-39 {Not included being irrelevant) Table-40 Selected population and housing statistics of the city 90 Table-41 Household by size 100 Table-42 Housing units by household size and number of rooms 101 Table-43 Ho!Jsing units by number of rooms and tenure 102 Table-44 Owned housing units by period of construction and number of rooms 103 • Table-45 Housing units by tenure, material used in outer walls and roofs 104 Table-46 Owned housing units by period of construction, material used in outer 105 walls and roofs Table-47 Housing units by tenure, source of drinking water, lighting and cooking 106 fuel used Table-48 Owned housing units by period of construction, source of drinking 107 water, lighting and cooking fuel used. Table-49 Housing units by tenure, kitchen, bath room and latrine facilities 108 Table-50 Own housing units by period of construction kitchen, bath room and 109 latrine facilities Table-51 Owned housing units by period of construction, material used in outer 110 walls and material used in roofs Table-52 Number of households by source of information 111 x PART-V ANNEXURES Annexure-A Pakistan Standard Classification of Occupation for the 1998 Population i Census Annexure-8 Pakistan Standard Classification of Industries for the 1998 Population iii Census Annex,Jre-C Description of Circle Boundaries v Annexum-D City Map ------:1 ------····------~ PART - I GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION Islamabad, literally meaning "the abode of Islam" is the capital of Pakistan. True to the meaning of its name, it embodies the Islamic values and the aspirations of the Mulsims of South Asia which culminated in the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. Its freshness and beauty symbolize the hopes and aspirations of the people of Pakistan to revive in a modern context the glory and grandeur of the Muslim rule in South Asia. Pakistan, the dreamland of the Mulsims of pre-independence India, emerged on the map of the world on 14th August, 1947. Karachi, the capital of Sindh Province with a modern sea port, international airport and a good road and railways network, was a natural and obvious choice to serve as the seat of government for the newly independent country. Even in the early days of independence it was felt that a new and permanent capital city had to be built to reflect the cultures, traditions, hopes, aspirations and dreams of all the diverse ethnic, linguistic and region31 groups that constituted the Pakistan nation. It was considered prudent and in the national interest to locate the Federal Capital where it could be insulated from the onslaught of business and commercial interests and yet be easily accessible from even the remotest corners of the county. In view of the Islamic ideology of the country the Federal Capital had to be located closer to the Muslim areas of Central Asia and in close proximity of the fraternal people of Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. A capital city is more than a place to live and work in. It is a symbol of its aspirations like the flag of a country. To quote PresidentAyub Khan "The capital of the country has to encompass much bigger vistas and provide light and direction to the efforts of the people. It must therefore be located in the best possible surroundings". The Site Selection Commission was formed in February 195g and in June 1959 the Government accepted the recommendations of the Commission. In September 195g Federal Capital Commission was formed to produce a master plan. The master plan was prepared in October 1960 which fixed the location of the site, successive stages of development, relations with surrounding areas, and division into various sectors. Situated in the extreme north of the Indus basin plains, the Potohar Plateau is an area of ageless charm. The site is spread over the areas, with natural terraces and meadows. Mountain springs gurgle c'.own from the Margalla Hills and the lush green ranges of the Murree Hills farther north, and join up with a profusion of small rivers and streams like the rivers Soan and Kurang. On this are2, the people of Pakistan, inspired by their glorious past. close to build a dream city to take them i;ito the prosperous future of the twenty first century and beyond. A city designed <1nd 2 pianned for the future. The fate of the city entwined with the fate of Pakistan. Designed on the principle of"Dynapolis" to grow in scale and size coherently through all stages of development, Islamabad nestles in the protective arms of the Marga Ila Hills which form its northern boundary making a giant crescent in the north east symbolic of the national flag. The city is free from floods because of the sharp gradient. The massive campaign of afforestation by the Capital Development Authority (CDA) has borne fruit in the shape of lush green surroundings adding to the charm of a garden city. After a lot of debate and deliberation the name Islamabad was finally chosen for the Capital and approved by the Government on February 24, 1960. On May 24, 1960 preliminary master programme and master plan designed by Doxiades Associates of Athens were presented to the Government. After a meeting of the federal cabinet on Shakarparian Hills, formal approval of the plan was accorded. Capital Development Authority (CDA) came into b_:ing on June 14, 1 g50 under the CDA Ordinance 1g50 and ground breaking finally took place in October, 1 g51. Islamabad city lies at 33° 38' north latitudes and 73° 07' east longitudes. It is bounded by Margallah Hills to the north, Rawalpindi city to the south, Shara Kao and Bani Gala areas of Islamabad tehsil to the east and Taxila and Rawalpindi tehsils of Rawalpindi district to the west. Islamabad city is spread over an area of 287 square kilometers. Corresponding to the master plan as envisaged in the outset, the city consist of the following two zones as per Islamabad Capital Territory (Zoning) Regulation, 1g92. (i) Zone-I This zone constitutes sectors upto the existing alignment of the Grand Trunk Road from the point of intersection of G.T. Road with Shahrah-e-Kashmir to the point of the Nicolson Monument inclusive of sector H-14, H-15, H-16, H-17, 1-14, 1-15, 1-16, 1-17. (ii) Zone-2 The zone consits of an area bounded by G.T. Road in the north and north east, north of Shahrah-e-Kashmir and Capital limits in the west, comprising residential sectors G-15 (part), G-16, G-17, F-15 (part), F-16, F-17, E-15 (part), E-16, E-17, D-16, D-17, C-17 and 8-17. 1.2 CLIMATE Islamabad has distinct seasons marked by wide variation in temperature. The coldest month is January when the mean maximum temperature is 17.6°C and the mean minimum temperature 2.6°C. June is the hottest month with the mean maximum temperature near 39°C. and the mean minimum temperature 24°C. Throughout the year, the winds blow predominantly from the west or the south-west, but in summer there are short spells of winds from the north or the south-east. Morning breezes are mostly from the west or the north - east in winter but from north-east alone in summer. Jn the afternoon, the dominant wind throughout the year is from the south-west. ------1 3 The city has two distinct rainfall seasons, the summer season from July to September and the winter season from December to April. The bulk of monsoon precipitation occurs in July and August, with monthly averages of 2137 and 309 millimeters respectively. The peaks of the Margallah hills are sometimes covered with• snow during winter. Thunder storms are more pronounced during July and August. Hail storms also occur in the southern and western parts of the city. Humidity varies from month to month. Lowest 34.1 percent is found in the month of May whereas in the month of August it remains highest as 70. 3 percent. The average annual humidity of the city is recorded as 55.8 percent. The mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation and relative humidity recorded at Cha kl ala Station is given below in table 1.1: Table 1.1: MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE,PRECIPITATION AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY Month Mean Temperature °C Mean Precipitation Relative Maximum Minimum (Milimetres) Humidity% January 17.6 2.6 56.0 63.0 February 19.1 5.1 73.5 61.8 March 23.9 9.9 9.8 56.6 April 30.1 15.0 61.8 40.1 May 35.3 19.7 39.2 34.1 June 38.6 23.7 62.2 36.0 July 35.0 24.3 267.0 60.7 August 33.4 23.5 309.0 70.3 September 33.5 20.6 98.2 61.3 October 30.9 13.9 29.3 54.9 November 25.4 7.5 17.8 59.6 December 19.7 3.4 37.3 65.0 Annual 28.6 14.1 1142.1 55.8 Source: Normals for the period 1961-1990 Data Processing Centre, Pakistan Meteorological Department, Karachi. 1.3 CITY ADMINISTRATION A city is not only bricks and mortar. It is a living organism whose blood, whose very tissue, and bones are human beings, the members of different communities who are the inhabitants of the city. Behinds every thriving and vibrant city is an organization to plan and execute various ideas and programmes in order to provide a sense of direction to its inhabitants. 4 The gigantic task of developing the brand new city of Islamabad could not be accomplished without an organization which could come to grip with the complexities, challenges, obstacles and difficulties that lay in the path of achieving the defined goal. Capital Development Authority (CDA) was established on June 14, 1960, first by an executive order issued on June 24, 1960 entitled the Pakistan Capital Regulation to be superseded by the CDA Ordinance issued on June 27. 1960. The CDA Ordinance consituted the authority, laid down its charter and defined its power, duties, functions and responsibilities. Initially the administration of the authority and its functions were controlled by a board consisting of three members, the Chairman, Financial Advisor an::l one other Member with the Commissioner, Rawalpindi acting as ex-officio Member. With the passage of time and added responsibilities, the CDA board is now composed of the Chairman, Vice Chairman and Member for Finance, Administration and Engineering. Chief Commissioner, Islamabad and District Coordination Officer, Rawalpindi are the ex-officio members of the CDA Board. Each Member is incharge of various directorates well staffed with highly qualified, experienced and capable professionals in various fields and disciplines. Need for municipal services was felt acutely with the increase in population and the CDA Ordinance was amended in 1966 to vest the Authority with municipal powers. The original master plan had provided only a broad outline or frame work. The actual implementation of the plan with all its intricate and thorny problems has been made possible by the dedication, professionalism, expertise and ceaseless efforts of the CDA. Capital Development Authority (CDA) is responsible for co-ordinating all endeavours for the development of the city so that unity of purpose is ensured at all times. In Islamabad city, CDA is not only the planning and co-ordinating authority but also the executive authority. 1.4 POLICE SET-UP For maintenance of law and order. prevention of crime and security of the people the city is divided into four Police Circles with six Police Stations:- SI.No. Police Circle No. of Police Station 1. Secretariat 01 2. City 02 3. Industrial Area 02 4. Saddar 01 City Police is headed by an Inspector General of Police who is assisted by two ~ ~nior Superintendents of Police and four SDPOs. Emergency police help is also a .ailable to the c•.: ~ens through Rescue-15. 5 1.5 JUDICIARY The judicial set up in the city is headed by a District & Session Judge who lis assisted by Additional District & Session Judges. Senior Civil Judge and Civil Gudges. The number of Judges working in various capacities is as under in table 1.2. Table 1.2: JUDICIAL SET UP IN ISLAMABAD CITY SI.No. Category Number 1. District & Session Judge 1 2 .• Additional District & Session Judges 3 3. Senior Civil Judge 1 4. Civil Judges 6 In addition to the above Rawalpindi Bench of Lahore High Court facilitates the people of the area in matters relating to jurisdiction of High Court. 1.6 COMMUNICATIONS The road network of Islamabad is designed to afford maximum accessibility for motorised vehicles is consistent with high environmental standards both within Islamabad and beyond to regional and national road networks. Islamabad today has a fully-developed road network which provides the most effective communication system, serving all sectors of the city as it grows and develops. This system consist of different types of roads such as Highways, Principal Roads, Service Roads, Major Roads and Feeder Roads designed for different functions. The Federal Capital is connected to other parts of the country through four major Highways with a right of way of 365.8 meters. These highways provide access to the Capital from Murree, Peshawar and Lahore and thus open up the capital form three sides. The Islamabad International Airport is connected to the city through the Shahrah-e-lslamabad and various sectors are interlinked with each other and with the main highways through principal roads. The multi-lane motorway from Lahore is also connected with Islamabad. Extreme care has been exercised to ensure that the road profiles conform with the natural topography and contours of the land in order to preserve the natural scenic beauty and serenity of the areas criss crossed by roads. Small and large bridges have been constructed to link up the road network, to maintain the straight lines of the roads and to provide easy and direct access to various destinations. The entire road network has been provided with an effective drainage system alongwith large scale plantations of trees, bushes and shrubs. 6 Beautifully designed, the modern Faizabad clover leaf fly-over is the grand structure, which acts as the impressive gateway to Islamabad. 1.7 INDUSTRY The pipneers of town planning forth is new city were fully aware that the complete and full development of Islamabad cannot be achieved without providing this town with an industrial base, but the industrial development of the city has to be acceptable from an ecological point of view so as not to affect the environment adversely. Islamabad was never planned to be an industrial city and because of the severe restrictions on obnoxious and environmentally damaging industries. industrial development has been rather restricted. The initial master plan of Islamabad earmarked the development of service and manufacturing industries. Three district zones were created: (i) Industrial and trading centers (ii) Manufacturing industry area (iii) Subsidiary industy area The sectors on the Northern side of the Khyaban-e-Suhrawardy have been reserved for consumer and service industries and this area lies in close proximity of residential areas. Small industrial and trading centers plots have been developed in sectors G-6, G-7, G-8 and G-9 and these areas are now a bee-hive of activity for providing basic services like laundries, workshops, service stations, printing presses, art studies, repair shops. bakeries and other service industries. The area along the Khyaban-e-Sir Syed in the Sector 1-9 and 1-10 has now developed into a thriving industrial zone for all types of small and medium manufacturing industrial units. This area is interlinked with all major cities of the country and provides fast communication by road and railway network. All types of industries are permitted in this zone except those which are classified as environmentally damaging or a source of smoke, dust, noise, vibration or obnoxious smells. The subsidiary industrial area is located far away from the Islamabad ur.J:ian areas on the Kahuta Road along the bank of the Soan River. This zone is called" Kahuta Industrial Triangle,,. and has fulfilled the needs of heavy industries or those which cannot be based near the res·:dential areas. So far 135 firms have been registered under Factory Act 1934. The trade-wise detail of these factories is given in the following table 1.3:- 7 TABLE 1.3 : NAME OF TRADERS BY NUMBER OF UNITS Trader No. of Units Trader No. of Units Flour Mills 30 Steel Mills 9 Engineering 5 Pharmaceuticals 7 Garments 3 Woolen Mills 4 Ghee & Oil Mills 3 Soap & Chemicals 11 Feed Mills 3 Wood & Fruniture 8 Telephone Industries 1 Beverages 4 Press 5 Electronics 6 Autos 5 Spices 2 Ceramics 1 Bread Industry 2 Misc., including Marble 26 Total: 135 1.8 HEALTH FACILITIES The health and consequently the prosperity of people depend upon the quality and availability of public health centres. Capital Development Authority provides good quality medical and health care for residents of Islamabad through the Directorate General of Medical and Health Services established in 1968. Primary health care and public health functions are carried out by the OHS while diagnostic and treatment facilities are provided by the hospitals, clinic and health centers under CDA. The Capital Hospital located in Sector G-6/2 has 250 beds, 24 hours ambulance service and is equipped with the latest medical equipment and sophisticated diagnostic machines including the Mobile Coronary Care Unit and the Nuclear Cardiac Centre. In addition to the Capital Hospital, CDA has also established medical centres, mother and child care centres and dental clinics. A number of well equipped medical centres are functioning in different sectors while outlying villages are serviced through mobile medical units. Federal Government Services Hospital or Poly Clinic is another facility under the Federal Government. This Hospital has 200 beds and all other modern facilities. Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) in Sector G-8/3, is a multi purpose medical complex established by the Federal Government. This premier Hospital is equipped with 800 beds and is renowned for its high degree of professional medical services in medicine, surgery, psychiatry and specially for children. PIMS boasts of a Post Graduate College, a Training School and a Post Graduate Training Institute for nurses plus a number of research facilities for doctors and medical researchers. 8 The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission has been active in providing diagnostic and therapeutic service for treatment of patients suffering from cancer and one such Centre, the Institute of Nuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy with acronym of NORI extends this facility to the residents of Islamabad. The 100 bedded Naval Hospital called PNS Hafeez is located in sector E-8 and caters for the needs of the men of the Pakistan Navy and their families. The National Institute of Health is another medical research and training centre which provides curative as well as preventive health cover .. Some other hospitals in Government sectors are: (a) Air Hospital (b) KRL Hospital (c) Atomic Energy Commission Hospital (E-11) (d) National Institute for Handicaped (e) MCH Centre (Poly Clinic) (f) Children Hospital (g) Social Security Hospital (l-12) (h) Police Foundation Hospital (i) Pakistan Telecommunication Hospital (G-8/4) In addition to the medical and health facilities provided by the CDA and the Federal Government land in every Markaz has been reserved for construction of private clinics and medical centres. A number of private hospitals and medical centres are operating in the city. Some of the renowned Hospitals and medical centres in private sectors are :- (a) Al-Shifa International Hospital (b) Islamabad Private Hospital (Blue Area) (c) Chinar Hospital (d) Islamic International Medical Centre (G-7) (e) Dar-ul-Shifa (f) Ali Hospital (1-9 Markaz) i o l .Ali Medical Centre (F-8 Markaz) (~: \ tlf' SCOM 1-lospital (H-11) 9 1.9 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES Islamabad is a modern metropolitan city which is home to a wide range of ethnic. linguistic and racial groups each with its own needs and requirements of special and well-equipped educational institutions. In the field of education it was again the CDA which took an early lead by establishing Islamabad Model Schools, and the Federal Government Schools and Colleges. All these institutions have now come of age and are imparting quality education of the highest standards. Detail of these institutions is as follows in table 1.3: Table 1.3: EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN ISLAMABAD CITY SI.No. Level Total Boys Girls 1. Primary Junior Model 37 2. Primary Urdu Medium 29 3. Middle 07 02 05 4. Secondary Model 17 08 09 5. Secondary Urdu Medium 13 05 08 6. Higher Secondary 06 02 04 7. Degree Colleges 07 04 03 8. Model Colleges 19 10 09 Total 135 31 38 Other organizations like the Bahria College managed by the Pakistan Navy, the Overseas Pakistanis Foundation and some Missionary agencies too have established schools and colleges of international standards. The elite chains of schools which provide facilities of appearing "A" & "O" level British schools examination like Beacon house, City school, Grammer school have set up their branches in various sectors. For expatriates, the Islamabad International Schools and British and French Embassy Schools are renowned for the quality and excellence of their teaching standards. The Higher Education Commission coordinates the budget and other activities. A special Polytechnic School for Girls has been established alongwith a number of training vocational schools. The private sector has also made a substantial contribution in the educational field with the introduction of a large number of private educational institutions of higher learning. Some renowned seats of learning are.- (a) Quaid-i-Azam University (b) Allama Iqbal Open University (c) International Islamic University (d) National University of Modern Languages (e) Bahria University (f) Air University (g) Federal Urdu University (h) Hamdard University (i) National University of Science & Technology (NUST) (under construction) H-12 Ul M. A Jinnah University (k) Al-Khair University (I) COM SAT (1n) ZABIST (F-8 Markaz) (") lqr:> U11iversity 10 1.10 COMMERCIAL AREAS Islamabad, like any modern metropolis, is teeming with shops packed with consumer goods, fashion garments, electronic gadgets, books and toys. The crowning glory of the capital's shopping and commercial area is the vast, sleek, and open zone called the Blue Area (Khyaban e-Quaid-i-Azam). Original concept and design of the Blue Area was the brain child of Doxiades Associates. Designed as the central business and commercial district of Islamabad it extends from east to west in a linear form with residential sectors in the north and south of it. The original design envisaged high rise buildings on both sides of the Khyaban-e-Quaid-i-Azam but from practical and aesthetic reasons CDA had to review the original plan. The job of redesigning was entrusted to two French architects Mis Pickard and Caza I and thus a more practical and aesthetically pleasing design was evolved. The revised plan now allows only upto six stories buildings on the sourthern side and high rise buildings of 15 - 19 stories on the northern side of the Khyaban. Elegant high rise buildings like the Saudi Pak Towers, Green Tower, OGDC Building, UBL Building, HBFC Building and few more are a sight to behold. The sourthern side of Khyaban-e-Quaid-i-Azam is not only a shoppers paradise, but has also developed into a Mecca for goods lovers. The whole area is full of hotels and snack bars from fast food outlets to fancy, restaurants, catering international cuisine ranging from traditional Pakistani tandoori dishes to Chinese, Continental, French, Greek. Arabic, Italian and Iranian dishes. This area is now equipped to satisfy the most fastidious palates and gourmets. Apart from the Blue Area every sector has its own modern stylish shopping arcades known as markaz like the Super Market in F-6, the Jinnah Super Market in F-7, theAyub Market. the Covered Bazar and the F-10 Markaz. However, the oldest and the biggest is theAab Para Market in the south of the city. Fruit and vegetable market (Sabzi Mandi) has been shifted from Rawalpindi to Sector 1-11 to meet the requirement of Islamabad city and the sub-urban areas. Islamabad is also well known for its open air weekly markets like the Jumma Bazar & the ltwar Bazar held on various week days in different sectors 1.11 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS Islamabad is host to a number of institutions engaged in research, development and rc:n)agation of social and cultural activities. Some of the premier institutions are:- 1f 1.11.1 Pakistan National Council of the Arts (PNCA) This is a National Institution under the Ministry of Culture. PNCA has made many valuable contributions in the field of arts and culture by establishing the National Gallery, Sadequain Gallery, National Music and Dance Centre and by holding regular exhibitions, seminars and theatre workshops. 1.11.2 lnstitutue of Folk Heritage (LOK VIRSA) This is the institutions working with missionary zeal in the field of folk art and culture, that is folk research and development. Established in 1974 Lok Virsa has made tremendous contributions to National integration by the use of folk culture such as art, music, drama and literature. It has its own offices, exhibition halls and library in the picturesque wooded area south of Shakarparian. It organizes a very popular and colourful Folk Mela in autumn or spring at which folk artists and artisans from all over the country assemble to demonstate their art & skill and the beautiful things they make. 1.11.3 National Film Development Cooporation(NAFDEC) Founded in the early 1970's NAFDEC is the National Institution responsible for projecting our social and cultural values through the medium of films. NAFDEC has its own modern cinema houses where National and International Film Festivals are held regularly. 1.11.4 Community Centres Capital Development Authority (CDA) has fulfilled its civic responsibilities by establishing well planned community centers to facilitate and encourage social and cultural activities for the citizens of the Federal Capital. 1.12 PLACES OF INTEREST 1.12.1 Faisal Masjid (Mosque) The original master plan had provision for the construction of a Grand National Mosque on a scale and magnitude befitting the capital of Pakistan. A beautiful site was selected at the foot of Margalla Hills, located on elevated terraced land on the axis of Shaharah-e-lslamabad. This exceedingly beautiful mosque is a marvel of modern architecture and engineering blended with lsla111ic tr <1ditro11s a11d J;,ls now 01chie11P-d tl1e st which is visible day and night from miles around. This mosque has been named Faisal Masjid in memory of the late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia who had graciously consented to defray the cost of this project during his visit to Islamabad, as a gift to the people of this city. Designed by Turkish Architect Mr. Vedat Dalokay the mosque is spread over an area of 189, 705 square meters and is flanked by four minarets soaring gracefully to a height of 88 meters above the main prayer hall dome which is at a height of 40 meters. The main prayer hall can accommodate 10,000 persons while the covered porticos and verandahs can take another 24,000 worshipers. The main courtyard has space for another 40,000 people. The famous Islamic University also functions from the mosque premises and under the roof of the main courtyard is the Islamic Research Institute 1.12.2 Shrine of Syed Meher Ali Shah The shrine of Syed Meher Ali Shah of Golra Sharif is located in Sector E-11 of Islamabad. He was descendant of a Syed family and had links with Syed Abdul Qadir Gilani of Baghdad He was born in 1859, preached and spread the message of I slam during the turbulent times in South Asia. He also wrote beautiful prose and poetry in Persian, Arabic and Pubjabi languages, mostly in praise of God and Muhammad (peace be upon him). He died on may 11, 1937. His mausoleum was recently reconstructed. Devotees assemble here on the occasion of annual Urs. 1.12.3 Shrine of Shah Abdul Latif (Bari Imam) Nurpur Shahan, a village situated at the foot of Margallah hills. near Quaid-e-Azam University, is famous for the mirror-studded shrine of Hazrat Shah Abdul Latif Kazmi, popularly known as Bari Imam. The shrine was originally bult on the order of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The death anniversary (Urs) of Bari Imam is observed in the first week of May beginning Monday through Thursday with lot of festivities representing the Potwar culture and attracts people from all over the country 1.12.4 Shakarparian Hills The historic Shakarparian Hills is famous for the trees planted by various Head of State and Government The beautiful part with its central fountain and panoramic view of the whole city from a vantage point at a height of 609 06 meters. is one of Islamabad's favourite recreation srots 13 1.12.5 Rose and Jasmine Garden It Contains over 250 exotic varieties of roses and a dozen species of jasmine. Spread over an area of 20360 square ml'ters it has well-planned paths for walks. This part is a true feast for the eyes during the rose season .• 1.12.6 CDA Camping Site This area provides safe, comfortable and cheap camping facilities for foreign campers and tourists. It is situated opposite the Aabpara market and contains all the amenities required by campers. 1.12.7 Argentina Park Elegantly planned, laid out and nurtured with tender loving care, this part includes fountains, a sunken garden, raised terraces, walk-ways and a monument. It is located in Sector G-6. 1.12.8 Margalla National Park This lies on the south side of the Margalla Ranges full of pine trees and a wild life sanctuary inhabitated by peacocks, deer, partridges and exotic wild pheasants. The park has a number of walking trails and picnic spots. 1.12.9 Daman-e-Koh This area has now developed into the most popular recreation and picnic spot of Islamabad Viewing points on top provide a breath-taking view of the entire city. There is a rest house. hotel, a snack bar and refreshments are available as well as playing equipment for small children This area too is part of the game sanctuary, specially the formerly extinct cheer pheasant has made a spectacular recovery after scientific breeding and care by the CDA. 1.12.10 Marghzar A sm 1.12.11 Islamabad Club One of the premier and most prestigious clubs of the country has facilities for golf, swimming, riding, tennis, squash and badminton as well as modern auditorium, library and a restaurant renowed for its sumptuous cuisine. 1.12.12 Fatima Jinnah Park Named after Miss Fatima Jinnah, sister of the father of the nation, the entire Sector of F-9 has been developed as an attractive and beautiful urban park which is planned to have a profusion of lakes, rock gardens, jogging tracks, aquariums, fountains and lush green wooded areas. 1.12.13 Gulistan-i-Fatima Lies in Sector E-7 and is fast developing into another beauty spot of Islamabad. 1.12.14 Spiral Fountain Park Another one of the capital's recreational parks situated near the Foreign Office around a beautiful fountain surrounded by lush green turf and beds of roses and colourful flowers. 1.12.15 FlowerShows Islamabad is fast becoming a city of flowers. Regular shows like the Rose Festival, Spring Flower and Chrysanthemum shows are organized in the Rose and Jasmine Garden. 1.13 SPORTS AND GAMES Islamabad has no dearth of sports and games facilities. The National Institute of Sports and Culture has taken the lead in providing modern and up-to-date facilities for sportsmen of the capital. This institute boasts a modern stadium called Jinnah Stadium for tra~k and field events, the posh Liaquat Gymnasium for all indoor games and Gymnastics, swimming pools for water sports and auditorium for cultural activities. This area is a truly impressive venue for holding natio<'al and international tournaments and athletic meets. The Government of China has provided gP.,,P.rously for developing lhis institution of national importance Ca pi la I Development Authority has also provided playing-fields and sports grounds in different areas of Islamabad including a r.>;;irk , E>Ser\'3d for 1.1 diP<; 01·dy in SPctor G- 6/ 1 . 3 ...... 1 15 1.14 NERVE CENTRES This area is located towards the East and is situated on the main axis of the city. It is further divided into three distinct zones, the upper zone in the north comprises of the federal ministries and divisions, the lower zone in the south is reserved for cultural buildings such as National Library, Museum, Art Gallery and the central zone has the Pariiarnent, the Presid<:ncy, t Prime Minister's House, Supreme Court and the Prime Minister's Secretariat. t World renowned Architects such as Sir Robert Mathew, Edward Durre! Stone and Mis Ponti Farnarolli and Roselli have displayed their talents and expertise in the designs of some prominent buildings that decorate the skyline of Islamabad. 1.14.1 Secretariat Blocks This is the administrative and policy-planning nerve centre of the country. Two groups of four interconnected blocks rise like white sentinels against the backdrop of the majestic Margalla hills and surrounded by Mughal Style terraced landscaping, create a harmonious blend of modern architecture and traditional layout. These four six storied buildings cover an area of 92,900 square meters and are interconnected with roads, paths and lawns which criss-cross the terraced garden dotted with fountains and water channels, making it a unique and elegant work-place humming with activity during the day. 1.14.2 Aiwan-e-Sadr (President's House) Another landmark of Islamabad is the official residence of the Head of State. This imposing structure is of a pyramidal design combining horizontal lines in receding tiers. The walls rising gracefully, and the beautifully louvered windows give it a truly majestic grace. The site is spread over a few adjacent hills in an area of 20 acres and the covered area is 30, 193 square meters which includes guest rooms, banquet halls and the President's Secretariat. 1.14.3 Parliament House The schematic design of the Parliement building has been conceived to be in complete harmony with the surroundings. This awe-inspiring building is a 22. 9 meters high 5 storied structure which stands at the crossing of Khyaban-i-Quaid-i-Azam and the Constitution Avenue in the southern section of the central zone. This complex includes both Houses of Parliament with a built up area of 55717 square meters inclusive of offices, committee rooms, libraries and cafeteri;is The external facades have a white trowel marble finish in keeping with the surroundings. 16 1.14.4 The Supreme Court The stately and imposing Supreme Court building has been designed by Kenzo Tange of Japan and M/s PEPAC of Pakistan and envisages the construction of 13 peripheral blocks rising five stories tall and high rise central block. This building is a pleasant addition to the beauty of the federal capital. 1.14.5 Prime Minister's House Complex The elegant complex of buildings lies North East of the President's House on a 35 acres plot. It has been designed by Pakistani architects from M/s Nespak in association with CDA. Total covered area of the main house is 60,300 square meters which includes formal areas, banquet hall, reception area, PM's living quarters, PM;s office, conference rooms, library and offices for ADC's and Military Secretary. 1.14.6 Prime Minister's Secretariat Building Adjacent to the Supreme Court building is the Prime Minister's Secretariat on the Constitution Avenue, built on a plot measuring about 10 acres. The total covered areas of the building 104, 100 square meters which includes an auditorium, banquet hall, PM's chamber, cabinet and committee rooms and darbar hall. This complex consists of a three storey block on the left and right. The front area is covered with a Mughal style land-scaped garden with fountains, water falls and walkways. Marble work is extensively used to create an effect of harmonious blending with the surroundings. 1.14.7 The Natioral Library Located in the cultural area south of the Constitution Avenue this impressive building was designed by Mr. Anwar Said of CDA. The graceful lines and form of the building give it a beauty of its own. 1.14.8 State Bank Building Designed by a Pakistani architect, this attractive and assertive building has been planned to harmonize with the far;:ade of the Secretariat blocks and the backdrop of Margalla Hills. Imaginative use of marble and rustic Nowshera stone has given this building a truly magniflcient look. Total covered area of the building is 22757.8 square meters including the six storey vertical tower42.1 meters high and the glittering dome which houses the banking hall. 17 1.14.9 Foreign Office Located in the Administrative Sector in the south west stands the modern six storey building of the Foreign Office. Designed by Italian architect Gia Ponti, this building has the unique distinction of being the first major building to be completed in Islamabad. On one side is a spacious garden with a water cascade flowing through a rose bed avenue and a contoured lm,_1n on the other side with flower beds set close to the fountain and portico. The floors are covered with white marble while the walls have been adorned with Quetta onyx giving a visual effect of abstract paintings. This building has a covered area of 13,933 square meters. 1.14.10 Government Hostel Located in the southern corner of the special buildings area west of the Foreign Office, the Government Hostel was designed Mr. G.W.Brigden. This building is home to Government officials with 108 single and 30 double rooms. This building is a fine example of our wonderful local workmanship and materials. Extensive and imaginative use has been made of local terrazzo and marble finishes. The lovely landscape work was done by M/s Derek Lovejoy & Associates. 1.14.11 Broadcasting House Located on the Constitution Avenue this 8 storey building has been designed by M. E. D. Stone. This beautiful building has a covered area of 18,580 square meters which includes 25 studios, conference rooms, auditorium, office and library. 1.14.12 CBR House Located on the Constitution Avenue this 6 storey building has been designed by Mr. Javed Iqbal of CDA with a covered area of 31,797 square meters. 1.14.13 Parliament Lodges Located in Sector G-5/2 containing 9 residential blocks with 316 suites for use of Members of the Parliament. The lodges were designed by Mr. M. D. General of CDA, with a c0vered area of 238,404 square meters. 18 1.15 HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS Islamabad is dotted with hotels, motels, guest houses, tourists inns and camping areas to satisfy a wide range of tastes and budgets. World famous names in the hotel industry like the Marriott, Holiday Inn, Serena and Best Western are fully equipped to cater for the needs of businessmen, honey moaners or simply holiday makers. Smaller hotels like the Envoy Continential Hotel, Lakeview Hotel, Capital Lodge, Margalla Inn and the Presidents Hotel etc. provide cheap, clean and comfortable lodgings with traditional hospitality and courteous service. Apart from the regular hotels, the city is full of bed and breakfast type guest houses which offer a real bargain to people who like to stretch their budget without compromising on com !Ort and hyg :Sn r standards. There is a sm all rest house or Sarai for poor people visiting Islamabad, built and managed by the CDA. It offer bedrooms at very cheap rates. The CDA has developed two camping sites which have rooms, camping platforms. toilets and parking bays, while an international youth hostel caters to the needs of the younger visitors to this fair city. Eating is an exotic, happy and exciting experience in Islamabad. Mouthwatering. tasty and sumptuous dishes are available at a variety of restaurants, snack bars and open air stalls all over the city specially in different Marakaz and along the Khyaban-e-Quaid-i-Azam. The Melody Food Street located in the Sector G-6 (Markaz) is a most pleasing place for the food lovers. I PART - II BROAD ANALYSIS OF POPULATION DATA 21 2. BROAD ANALYSIS OF POPULATION DATA 2.1 POPULATION SIZE, GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION 2.1.1 Population Size and Growth Islamabad city is ranked tenth amongst the big cities of Pakistan with a population of 529180 persons in 1998 Census as compared to 204364 persons in 1981 Census showing significant increase of 159 percent over 17 years i.e. 1981-98. The population of Islamabad city grew faster at an average annual growth rate of 12.29 percent during intercensal period 1972-81 when substantial influx of migration took place due to shifting of the Federal Capital from Karachi to Islamabad which attracted various segments of working population from other parts of the country as well. The average annual growth rate of population has, however, decreased to 5.75 percent during 1981-98. The overall increase of the population in the city has been about 7 times during the last 25 and half years i.e. 1972-98. Net migration {the difference between inmigrants and outmigrants) is however the principal contributors to the population growth. If the city persists with the present growth rate i.e. 5. 75 percent, the population of the area is likely to double in the next 12 years. Table 2.1 reflects the population, intercensal percentage increase and average annual growth rate of the city since 1972. Figure 2.1 highlight the population increase since 1972. TABLE 2.1: POPULATION, INTERCENSAL INCREASE AND GROWTH RATES OF ISLAMABAD CITY SINCE 1972 Census Population Absolute Increase Intercensal Increase Average Annual within Censuses (Percent) Growth Rate(%) 1972 76641 1981 204364 127723 166.65 12.29 1998 529180 324816 158. 94 5.75 2.1.2 Household Size A household means a person or a group of persons having collective living and eating arranqements. According to this criteria the average household size of Islamabad · city in 1998 Census was 6.0 persons v1hich has slight!/ increased from 5. 7 persons in 1981 Census indicating slow pace of construction against population increase during interce11s:;il period 1981-98 22 Fig: 2.1 ISLAMABAD CITY POPULATION SINCE 1972 600000 . 529,180 500000 . 2, 400000 ' s ' ') ' 300000 204,364 200000 100000 76,641 o 1972 1998 23 2.1.3 Religious Composition The population of Islamabad city is predominantly Muslim which constitutes about 94 percent of total population. Among minorities, Christians are the largest being 5. 70 percent while Qadianis/Ahmadis are d.40 percent. The percentage of Hindus, Schedule Castes and others are negligible i.e. 0.06 percent. Table 2.2 shows the religious affiliation of the people and figure 2.2 shows these figures in a graphic presentation. TABLE 2.2: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY RELIGION, 1998 Religion Population Number Percentage Muslim 496528 93.83 Christian 30146 5.70 Hindu (Jati) 173 0.03 Qadiani/Ahmadi 2133 0.40 Scheduled Castes 20 ·o.oo Others 180 0.03 • Refer to a very small percentage 2.1.4 Linguistic Distribution The mother tongue refers to the language used for communication between parents and their childrnn in a household. The information was collected for all individuals living in the household. The 1998 Census reveals that Punjabi is spoken b·1 65.36 percent followed by Urdu at 14.18 percent and Pushto 10.51 percent whereas Siraiki, Sindhi and Balochi are spoken by 1.53, 0.81 and 0.08 percent population of the city. Table 2.3 gives percentage of population by mother tongue in the city in ·1998 Census while figure 2.3 shows these figures in a graphic presentation. TABLE 2.3: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, 1998 fii'fother longue Population Number Percentage Urdu 75027 14.18 Punjabi 345854 65.36 Sindhi 4295 0.81 Push to 55622 10.51 Balochi 447 0.08 Siraiki 8083 1.53 Others 39852 7 53 24 Fig: 2.2 ISLAMABAD CITY POPULATION BY RELIGION, 1998 Christian 5.70o/o Muslim 93.83°/o 25 Fig 2.3 ISLAMABAD CITY POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, 1998 Others 7.53% Siraiki & Balochi Urdu 1.61% 14.18% Push to 10.51 % Sindhi 0.81% Punjabi 65.36% 26 2.1.5 Disabled Persons The disabled or special population is a delicate regment of a society and needs to be identified by its number and nature of disability for better planning for its rehabilitation and support at public and private level. According to 1998 Census, 4437 persons in the city were enumerated as disabled constituting 0.84 percent of the total population. Among them 59.69 percent were males and 40.31 percent were females. Among individual categories of disability, percentage of crippled was found to be higher being slightly more than 30 percent of the total disabled population whereas proportion of multiple disabilities was counted as lowest being 5 percent. Details of disabled persons in the city are shown in the table 2.4 and figure 2.4 gives these figures in a graphic presentation. TABLE 2.4: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DISABLED POPULATION BY NATURE OF DISABILITY, 1998 Nature of Disability Both Sexes Male Female Blind 8.72 9.93 6.93 DPGlf and Mute 12.03 12.04 12.02 Crippled 30.10 32.05 27.22 Insane 18.25 16.91 20.23 Mentally Retarded 7.53 5 96 9.84 Multiple Disabilities 5.05 4.98 5.14 Others 18.32 18.12 18.61 2.2 SEX, AGE AND MARITAL STATUS 2.2.1 Sex Ratio The sex ratio (number of males per hundred females) is an important demographic variable. It is primarily affected by ratio at birth and later by sex differentials in mortnlity, migration and enumeration biar.es. The sex ratio in turn affects fertility, mortality, rn:grution and labour force composition. The sex composition of the population of Islamabad city in 1998 Census shows that there were 121.9 males against every 100 females. The high sex ratio is ;i general 27 Fig: 2.4 ISLAMABAD CITY DISABLED POPULATION BY NATURE OF DISABILITY, 1998 35 ------·------~ "'0 I! Both Sexes 0 ~ 30 25 i=' 20 z w u 0: w Q,. 15 ... N 0 0 0 "' N ~ ~ "' 10 "' 5 Multiple Others Blind Deaf/Mute Crippled Insane Mentally Retarded disability 28 trend observed in most of the urban centres which is due to sex selective migration in search of better Jobs. higher education and other social norms. Sex ratio in 1998 has decreased over 1981 when it was 124.5 which could be due to better coverage of female population and improvement in their mortality. However. males still outnumber femaies. a feature unique 1n big cities. The sex ratio widely differ at various age groups It is the highest, 164 3 for age group 55 - 59 and the lowest, 104.8 for age group of below 5 years, which gradually rises with the increasing age, the following table 2.5 shows the sex ratio by age groups - TABLE 2.5: SEX RATIO BY AGE GROUP Age Group (In Years) Sex Ratio All ages 121 9 00 - 04 104.8 05 - 09 107.3 10 - 14 111 .4 15 - 19 119. 5 20 - 24 130.9 24 - 29 124 5 30 - 34 129 0 35 - 39 131 .6 40 - 44 131. 2 45 - 49 146 8 50 - 54 147.2 55 - 59 164.3 60 - 64 133 5 65 - 69 126 8 70 - 74 126 6 75 & above 129 3 2.2.2 Age Structure Every population forms a unique age structure based on its h1stor1cal population phenomena 1.e interaction of births. deaths and migration which has a considerable impact on its demographic behaviour and emerging socio-economic characteristics. In the 1998 Census. distribution of population by se!ect1ve i:l~e groups sno :. · that proportion of children under te:n years of a(ie was 23.63 percent and that of unc The adult population of 18 years and above which is also eligible to vote in local as weil as provincial and national assembly elections co~stitutes 57 .19 percent. Table 2 6 shows percentage distribution of population in various age groups and sex. While figure 2 5 depicts population pyramid of the city by sex and age groups It had a broa : base indicating a high proportion of population at younger age groups. Shape of pyram1c becomes narrower at the aduit age groups and then goes on top to a thin peak showing a smaller proportion of population at advanced age groups. TABLE 2.6: PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION BY SELECTIVE AGE GROUPS AND SEX, 1998 Age Group Both Sexes Male Female Under - 1 Year 1.86 1.74 2.00 Under·- 5 Years 11 17 10.41 12. 11 Under- 10Years 23 63 22 14 25.44 Under - 15 Years 36 16 34.16 38 59 18 Years & Age Depende~cy Ratio 63 27 58.24 69 85 2.2.3 Marital Status To determine the marital status the population cf fifteen years and above 1s class1f1ed into never marr1e·:i. married. widowed and divorced According to the 1998 Census. 58.46 r:ercent of 1n Table 2 7 gives percentage of marit~I status of population of 15 years and above. Figure '. 0 shows these values 1n a >Jraphi: presentation 30 Fig:2.5 POPULATION PYRAMID ISLAMABAD CITY, 1998 AGE GROUP M A L E ~ - ..... 75~ ..... FEMALE 70 - 74 ~ 65 - 69 r- 60 - 64 I 55 - 59 Fl I 50 - 54 I I 45 - 49 I I 40 - 44 I I 35 - 39 I I 30 - 34 I I 25 - 29 I I 20 - 24 I I I 5 - I 9 I I 0 - 14 05 - 09 I 00 - 04 I 12 10 B 6 4 2 PERCENTAG r 0 0 2 4 6 B ~ ra ~ 31 TABLE 2.7: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION (15 YEARS & ABOVE) BY MARITAL STATUS,1998 Population by Marital Status Both Sexes Male Female Total Population 337,851 191,414 146,437 Never Married 36 03 39.80 31.11 Married 60 24 58.46 62.57 Widowed 3.48 1.62 5.91 Divorced 0.25 0.13 0.40 Age specific distribution by marital status shows a higher percentage of married females as compared to males below 40 years age. It rises from 8.82 percent at age 15- 19 yars and reaches the maximum at 92.03 percent in the age group 35- 39 which however declines at later ages. Similarly, percentage of widowed and divorced females is higher in all age groups up to 50 years and above. However, the percentage of never married males is higher than females in all age groups except of age group 45 - 49 years which may be attributed to highly educated female population and their employment in public and private sector. The following table 2.8 contains distribution of population in specific age groups by marital status and sex: TABLE 2.8 : PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION (15 YEARS AND ABOVE) BY MARITAL STATUS, SEX AND AGE GROUPS, 1998 Age Group Never Married Married Widowed Divorce Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 15 - 19 97 41 90.92 2.43 8.82 0.15 0.22 • 0.03 20 - 24 84 16 57 41 15 64 42.05 0.18 0.36 0 Q3 0.18 25 - 29 52 37 22.92 47.13 75.91 0 36 0.80 0.14 0.37 )0 - 34 19 06 8 67 80 21 89 63 0.52 1. 19 0 21 0.51 .3 5 - 39 7.32 5 04 91 88 92 o:;i 0. 57 2.31 0.23 0.63 4' - 44 3.87 3 65 85 11 91.44 0 92 4 32 0.09 0.59 .. - .1 q 2 68 3.56 95.13 87 38 1 .41 8.29 0.19 0.78 • ..J •• ,; above 1 46 4 38 89 05 66 18 7 29 28 85 0.20 0 59 · Refers to a very small percent.ige. 32 Fig: 2.6 ISLAMABAD CITY POPULATION AGED 15 YEARS AND ABOVE BY MARITAL STATUS, 1998 5 91 1 62 CJ;;o..··... ·.... · a 2s o 13 a •o Never Married Marr red Widowed Divorced 33 2.3 LITERACY AND EDUCATION 2.3.1 Literacy Ratio A person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language was considered as literate in 1998 Census. Literacy ratio is measured as percentage of literate persons amongst the population of ages 10 years and above. The literacy ratio in the lslambad city has improved significantly from 57 60 percent in 1981 to 77.25 percent in 1998 The proportion of literacy was reported as higher among males at 83.20 percent as compared to females at 69 68 percent However, the percentage increase from 1981 to 1998 was higher ior female than males which has resulted in narrowing the gender gap in the field of literacy in the city Table 2.9 indicates !he literacy ratio in 1981 and 1998. Figure 2. 7 shows these values in a graphic presentation. TABLE 2.9: LITERACY RATIO BY SEX, 1981 AND 1998 Sex Census Year 1981 1998 Both Sexes 57 60 77.25 Male 65.80 83.20 Female 46 80 69.58 ------·-----·------·------· ------ 2.3.2 Educational Attainment The highest grade or 1evel completed by a person of specified age is defined as educational att<.J1nment. It 1s an important !ndicator of socio-economic development of a area. Tl1e percentage of educ;ated persons like literacy ratio in the Islamabad city was encouraging. About 77 percent (310596i of the p0pulation aged 10 years and above, were educated (formally literate) whereas 23 14 percent had never attended <.Jny ed11cational inst1tul1on The sex c!1fferent1al regarding educated persons showed relatively higher percentage for males at 82 91 as compared to females at 59 15 percent. Table 2.10 shows the percentage of educated persons of age 10 years and above by sex 1n 1998 Figure 2 P gives these vallies 1n a graphic: presentation 34 Fig: 2.7 ISLAMABAD CITY LITERACY RATIO BY SEX 1981AND1998 90.00 83 20 C Both Sexes 80.00 I ' 7000 i 65 BO 60.00 I I >=" z 50 00 w u "'w I ~ 40.00 !' 30 00 ' 2000 10 00 i ! 0.00 ·-· -·· 1981 1998 (CENSUS YEAR I 35 Fig 2.8 ISLAMABAD CITY EDUCATED PERSONS, 1998 90 8291 --·····------l BO 70 59 15 I 60 i=- z 50 w 0 "'w e:. 40 20 " 80\l'l Sexes Male 36 TABLE 2.10: EDUCATED PERSONS (PERCENTAGE}, 1998 Sex Educated Persons Number Percentage Both Sexes 310596 76.86 Male 187654 82.91 Female 122942 59.15 2.3.3 Enrolment Ratio The enrolment ratio is measured as percentage of students to population of 5-24 years which was 61. 11 in 1998 Census in the city. It was relatively higher for females at 62.49 percent as compared io males at 59.91 percent reflecting rising trend of females in school participation and enrolment. It forcasts positive impact on socio economic and demographic trends of the area, in the long run. Table 2.11 shows enrollment ratio by sex in 1998. Figure 2. 9 shows values in a graphic presentation. TABLE 2.11: ENROLMENT RATIO (PERCENTAGE), 1998 Sex Population Enrolement Ratio ( 5 - 24 Years) ( 5 - 24 Years) Both Sexes 147787 61 .11 Male 77823 59 91 Female 69964 62.49 2.3.4 Level of Education Census data on edu.cation attainment level is important for asse~srng educational progress in a specific area for setting realistic targets in this field Distribution of educated population (formaly literate) regarding their level of educational attainment revealed 19. 78 percent primary. 17. 56 percent middle. 18. 88 percent matriculate. 11. 65 percent graduate and 13.21 percent post graduate or equivalent and above. In addition, 0.83 percent were diploma/certificate holders. The percentage of dropout before attaining the primary level was accounted as 10.70. The percentage of educational attainment showerl a gr a dual decline with the increase of level of education. The sex differential indicated the percentage of educated females at the levels of primary, intermediate and graduation a little higher than that of males. A significant decrease can be observed in the female educated population aft2c (PERCENT) ~ A ~ g) 0 0 0 0 0 0 "'0 "' r·- .. I ~ "'~ "' (/) ro ,,,•ro m z :;o 0 (/) II s: )> m S: .,, z )> ,, ro 3 ~!&fi·~~1:l\f 1;;;.1•• ·~ .·:'.::it~' '.'!j;!i\~:;:, ~,'?::. ·:;~:.::·'.~:\;fii\l~\l[y~\ll.i!11$~~'.~'j ~ ~ " ,%W;%1.:;1~;;~;r;~c'~~ · · .; ------...~·. -"'~- a s ~+"" 38 graduation in comparision with male educated population. This phenomena may be attributed to social and matrimony customs about females in the area. Table 2.12 shows percentage distribution of educated population by level of education and sex in 1998 Census and figure 2.10 shows these values in a graphic presentation. TABLE 2.12: DISTRIBUTION OF EDUCATED POPULATION (10 YEARS ANO ABOVE) BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION ANO SEX, 1998 Level of Education Educated Population by Sex (percentage) Both Sexes Male Female All levels 310,596 187,654 122,942 100 100 100 Below Primary 10.70 9.98 11. 79 Primary 19.78 18.08 22.37 Middle 17.56 18. 17 16.63 Matric 18.88 19.63 17.74 Intermediate 11.65 11. 26 12.26 B.A./B.Sc. & Equivalent 13. 21 13.18 13.25 M.A./M.Sc. & Equivalent or above 6.90 7.94 5.32 Diploma/Certificate 0.83 1.13 0.36 Others 049 0.63 0.28 2.4 MIGRATION Migration is a form of geographical mobility from one geographical unit to another, generally involving a change of residence from the place of origin to the place of destination. Therefore, the migrant population means those persons who have shifted from one geographical unit to another to establish new permanent residence. There can be international and national migration. Migration data pertaining to 1998 Census covers study of both of these concepts i.e. migration from country-to-country, province-to-province within the country and district-to-district. However. migration within district is not covered as question on migration does not include the movement of population within the same district 39 Fig 2.10 ISLAMABAD CITY LITERATE POPULATION BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION, 1998 25 00 tJ Both Sexes BMale Elli Female 20 00 15.00 z>=' w u a: w a. 10 00 5 DO 0 oo .ITP .. -,,, I> ..... ,. $ E~'''a~o· 40 2.4.1 Life Time Migrants A life time migrant is one whose current place of residence is different from his place of birth, regardless of intervening migrations. Life time in-migrants, during 1998 Census were enumerated as 312640 in the city of Islamabad constituting 59.08 percent of the total population of the city. The sex differential in this regard showed higher percentage in favour of males i.e. 61.44 as compared to females at 56.20 percent indicating male domination on migration scene which might be due to concentration of offices of both public and private sectors in the city. A large number of life time migrants in the city came from Punjab Province i.e. 60. 97 percent, while 32. 56 percent moved in from other Provinces of Pakistan containing largest portion from NWFP at 18.15 percent. The migrants from Balochistan, FATA and Northern Areas were observed to be very low i.e. 1.89 percent. The migrants from other countries were reported at 6.48 percent. The sex differential regarding migrant population showed relatively higher percentages among females in Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan provinces and other countries at 64. 03, 8.48, 0. 92 and 7. 15 as compared to 58.66, 7.25, 0.83 and 5.98 for males respectively. This is not an absolute difference, but just shows that while migrating to Islamabad more females/families from Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan provinces and other countries moved with their males as compared to NWFP, FATA and AK/NA. Table 2.13 gives the percentage of life time migrants and figure 2.11 gives these value of migration in a graphic way. TABLE 2.13: LIFE TIME MIGRANTS BY SEX, 1998 Description Life Time Migrants (Percentage) Both Sexes Male Female Total in-migrants 312,640 178,623 134,017 (100) (1 00) ( 100) NWFP 18.15 20.47 15.05 FATA 0.57 0.66 0.46 Punjab 60.97 58.67 64.03 Sindh 7.78 7.25 8.48 Balochistan 0.87 0.83 0.92 AK 4.74 5.60 3.59 Northern Areas 0.45 0.54 0.32 Other Countries G.48 5.98 7.15 Places Not Repor+ d a oo 0 00 0.00 ------41 2.4.2 Reasons of Migration The data on reasons of migration to Islamabad city elaborates that 53 percent of ; I the total migrants. the majority of migrants moved with their heads of the households/ families followed by 25 percent as a result of employment/transfer. Other notable reasons of in-migration were marriage, business and study for which proportion in percentage I were accounted to 4.40, 5.76 and 3.19 respectively. However, considerable number of i in-migrants i.e. 7.42 percent were enumerated under the "other reasons" There was a significant sex differential among migrant population which seemed to be due to pronounced effects of economic, social, religious and cultural norms of the society. Job transfers and employment apportunities were the main reasons for migration in case of males, whereas movement with head of family of marriage-related reasons mostly accounted for female migration. Table 2.14 shows migrant population by reasons of migration in the city in 1998 Census. Figure 2.12 gives these values in a graphic presentation. TABLE 2.14: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF MIGRANT POPULATION BY REASON OF MIGRATION AND SEX, 1998 Reason of Migration Both Sexes Male Female Study 3. 19 4.13 1.93 Marriage 4.40 0.27 9.90 Moved with Head 53.00 35.24 76.66 Business 5.76 9.81 0.37 Employment/Transfer 25 03 41. 21 3.46 Returning Home 1.08 1. 31 0.78 Health 0.13 0.14 0.11 Other Reasons 7.42 7.89 6.78 2.5 ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS I LABOUR FORCE 2.5.1 Economically Active Population 1\11 persons of ages 10 years and above of either sex who were engaged in some work for pay or profit including unpaid fami'Y helpers, persons not working but looking for work as well as those laid off during the reference period i.e. preceeding year from census date were accounted as economically active in 1998 Census. 42 Fig: 2.11 ISLAMABAD CITY LIFE-TIME MIGRANTS BY AREA, 1998 7G , I 60 97 ' 60 I 50 40 ;:::- z UJ (.) er UJ 30 ~ 20 1 B 15 10 7 78 5 48 4 74 0 57 0 87 o I I II 0 45 NWFP - II. FATA Pun;ab S1ndh Baloch1stan-- AK Northern Other Areas Count;1es 43. t l' Fig: 2.12 ISLAMABAD CITY MIGRANT POPULATION BY REASON OF MIGRATION, 1998 90.00 DBoth Sexes 7000 6000 0 0.., i::- ~ z - w 50 00 u Cl'. w ~ 40 00 ,, 30 00 8 ~;i N'° -W!:.c; i 20 00 .~i . _·, 0 "' r-~ 10 00 "' ·'· '!.{ lO "'..,~ ~ .., ti;· ~ .., ~"' "QM~ ~ " .- ..... 0 c:i ci 0 0 00 d:b 00 t I j-=----i o~ 0'" 44 The economically active population of Islamabad city was 24.36 percent of its total population and 31.89 percent of the population aged 10 years and above. It is also termed as crude acf1vity rate or participation rate. There was significant gender differential in work participation which constituted 40.24 percent for males and 5.00 percent for females. The proportion of 75.64 percent of the city population pertained to the non-labour force class which includes children below 10 years, domestic workers (House-keeping), students and all others (disabled and retired persons, etc.) with their individual share in this percentage at 23.63 percent, 32.04 percent, 13.86 percent and 6. 11 percent respectively. As regards labour force participation rate, ii was worked out as 31.89 percent indicating a wide variation between males and females al 51.68 percent and 6. 70 percent respectively. Percentage of population by economic categories and labour force participation rate, 1998 have been indicated in table 2.15. Figure 2. 13 gives these values in graphic form. TABLE 2.15: PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION BY ECONOMIC CATEGORIES, UN-EMPLOYMENT RATE & LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION BY SEX, 1998 Economic Category Both Sexes Male Female A) Economically Active (Labour Force) 24.36 40 24 5.00 B) Nol Economically Active (Nol in Labour Force) 75.64 59.76 95.00 i) Children below 1 O years 23.63 22. 15 2544 ii) Domestic workers 32 04 2.19 6842 iii) Students 13.86 24.53 0.86 iv) All others 6 11 10.90 0.28 C) Un-employment Rate 10.05 11 .00 0.76 D) Labour Force Participation Rate (Refined) 31.89 51.68 6.70 2.5.2 Un-Employment The un-employment rate is the percentage of un-employed persons (looking for work and temporarily laid off) of the economicaly active population age 10 years and above. Un-employment rate in Islamabad city in 1998 Census was observed to be at 10.05 percent as a whole with11.00 percent and 0.76 percent for males and females respectively. The un-employment rate for males is significantly higher as compared to females who are mostly engaged in domestic work as shown in Table 2.15. 2.5.3 Employed Population by Occupation Employed population include the persons who are working for pay or profit including un-paid family helper. According to 1998 Census employed persons in Ifie city were 115,938 who constitute 1413 percent of population 10 years and above. Amongst 45 Fig 2.13 ISLAMABAD CITY POPULATION BY ECONOMIC CATEGORIES, 1998 100 - ~--~·---·-·-·-·· -- g-----· • DBoth Sexes •Male 90 ES Female 80 0 70 • 60 z~ w 0 50 0: w e,_ • 40 • 30 • " " 20 10 Labour Foree 0 Sluden1s AUO!lleJS Unemployment Raia Econom these 89.80 percent were males and 10.20 were femaies. The largesi proportion of the employed population in the city of Islamabad was reported in "elementary occupations" i.e. 34.03 percent followed by "professionals" 13. 39 percent, ··clerks" 12.14 percent and "service worker & shop and market sales workers" at 11.99 percent Table 2.16 gives percentage of employed population by occupation and figure 2.14 shows these figures in a graphic presentation TABLE 2.16: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYED POPULATION BY OCCUPATION, 1998 Occupation Code Description Employed Population Number Total Percentage 115,938 100 1 Legislators, Senior Officials and Managers 5,466 2 Professionals 4 71 15. 520 13.393 3 Technicians Associate Professionals 11,449 4 Clerks 9 88 14 072 12 14 5 Service Workers & Shop and Market Sale5 Workers 13.904 11.99 6 Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers 2,434 2 10 7 Craft & Related Trades Workers 5.584 4.82 8 Plant & Machine Operators and Assemblers 6.250 5.39 9 Elementary Occupations 39,450 34.03 0 Workers not Classified by Occupation 1.809 1.56 2.5.4 Employed Population by Industry Industry wise distribution of employed population cf the Islamabad city indicated the largest proportion in "community, social and personal services· at 58 64 percent followed by 11. 77 percent in "whole sale & retail trade and restaurants and l1otels" 7.23 percent engaged in "construction and 7.03 percent in "manufacturing· Table 2.17 shows the detail distribution of employed population by their rndustcres Figure 2 15 shows these values in a graphic presentation 47 Fig 2.14 ISLAMABAD CITY EMPLOYED POPULATION BY OCCUPATION, 1998 •-.---·-·---·----~-~----·--1 I ' 35 34.03 30 25 ~ w u a: w 20 ~ 15 13.39 12.14 11 99 9.66 10 rt ·:·:·:·: !tm =~~~~;~ ::~:~:~: j~~j)j~ 5.39 4.71 1~111~11 j~~!f 4 62 . 2 ::::::::~====~ 10 . 1.56 I~~:::: mt ==~=~=~= :-:·:·:· [] ~ Legc,;lal<> I OCCUPATION GROUP) 48 Fig 2.15 ISLAMABAD CITY EMPLOYED POPULATION BY INDUSTRY, 1998 70 ------·-·-·- . - ·-·------·-··-----·· ·---·----- ·--- 60 5864 50 ;::- m 40 u 0: w e,, 30 20 10 7.03 723 5 38 ..==i ..:::=:: ...= ...... =1 •••••••• •••:.:.::~.:::.:.:::~~;==~=~ ••:;.·.: . 3 _18 ·._;~=r• =.~ :.=~=.r.·• 2 BO 0 LCa./.:.:t___Ji:i:<&il__r.:,::.:.:;_~o-26~-1u~~~~~~:;__u~·!l_ ~~~~~·--"""""'---"'U:.:>L..-"'""'.._ w- 11., .. r, • .....,.,.., 51or.og<""" '""""""' '""'"""" c"""""°"Y '><><••'•"" r, __ lln!""""'" <;""""'"""""''" llo"' h<"• & ~ .. ..,...,Se<'"''' Hot"' eu,....,..,,,,...,., { INDUSTRY DIVISION ) 49 TABLE 2.17: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYED POPULATION BY INDUSTRY, 1998 industry Employed Population Code Description Number Percentage Total 115,938 100 1 Agricultural, Forestry, Hunting and Fishing 2,909 2.51 2 Mining and Quarrying 1,380 1.19 3 Manufacturing 8, 151 7.03 4 Electricity, Gas and Water 306 0.26 5 Construction 8,388 7.23 6 Whole sale & Retail Trade and Restaurants and Hotels 13,649 11. 77 7 Transport, Storage and Communication 6,233 5.38 8 Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services 3,691 3.18 9 Community, Social and Personal Services 67,982 58 64 0 Activities not adequately defined 3,249 2 80 2.5.5 Employed Population by Employment Status The composition of employed population by employment status showed that a dominent proportion comprising 42.86 percent of employed population was of government employees followed by private employees and self-employed at 23.86 percent and 17. 94 percent respectively. Employees of autonomous bodies and self employers were accounted at 10.32 and 3.33 percentage while percentage for un-paid family helpers were observed as 1.69 percent only. Table 2.18 gives percentage of working popultion by employment status. Figures 2 16 also gives these values in a graphic way: TABLE 2.18: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYED POPULATION BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS, 1998 Employment Status Number Percent Total 115,938 100 Self-employed 20, 799 17.94 Employee (Government) 49,694 42.86 Employee (Autonomous) 11, 962 10.32 Employee (Private) 27,662 23.86 Employer 3,865 . 3.33 Unpaid Family Helper 1,956 1.69 50 Fig: 2.16 ISLAMABAD CITY EMPLOYED POPULATION BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS, 1998 Unpaid family helper 1.69%1 Employer 3.33o/o Self-employed 17.94°Ai Employee (Private) 23.86°/o Employee (Auto) 10.32% Employee (Govt.) 42.66°/o ...... 51 2.6 IMMUNIZATION The question about immunization was included in the 1998 Census for the first time to evaluate the vaccination programme launched by the government. It was encouraging to note that 71.42 perceni of the children below 10 years age were reported vaccinated. Those not vaccinated were 3.91 percent leaving the rest i.e. 24.68 percent as not known. The percentage of vaccination among male and female children was 72. 53 and 70. 24 respectively reflecting a sensitive touch of gender preference in favour of males. Table 2.19 gives detail of immunization by sex and areas. 1998 and figure 2.17 gives these values in a graphic way TABLE 2.19: PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION (UNDER 10 YEARS) BY IMMUNIZATION AND SEX, 1998 Sex Total Population Vacinated Not Vaccinated Not Known Both Sexes 125, 057 71.42 3.91 24 68 Male 64,383 72 53 3.35 24 13 Female 60,67 4 70 24 4 50 25.26 2.7 NATIONAL IDENTITY CARD The National Registration Scheme for Pakistani nationals was introduced in 1973 and information about obtaining National Identity Card was collected in the 1998 Census for the first time to see the coverage of l.D. Cards scheme. According to the response to the question it was found that 36.39 percent of population aged 18 years and above of Islamabad city had obtained National Identity Card. It was 90.53 percent for males and 80.89 percent for females. Table 2.20 gives necessary details by sex and figure 2 18 gives these values 1n a graphic way TABLE 2.20: PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION (18 YEARS AND ABOVE) HOLDING NATIONAL IDENTITY CARD BY SEX, 1998 Sex Total Population N.l.C. Obtained N. I C Not Obtained Both Sexes 302,652 86.39 13.61 Male 172,571 90.53 9.47 Female 130.081 80 89 19. 11 52 Fig: 2.17 ISLAMABAD CITY POPULATION (LESS THAN 10 YEARS) BY IMMUNIZATION, 1998 80 71.42 r=- 60 z UJ u c:: 40 UJ '!:. 24.68 20 3.91 0 = Iii Vacc111ated Not Vaccinated Not Known FJ:Both Sexes 80 72.53 70 - 60 >- z 50 UJ u c:: 40 a.UJ 30 24.13 - 20 10 3.35 0 II Vaccmated Not- Vaccinated Nol Known •Male 80 70.24 70 r=-z 60 ~ 50 ffi 40 '!:. 30 25.26 20 10 4 50 0 = Vaccinated Not Vaccinated Ncl Known c;i Female 53 Fig: 2.18 "ISLAMABAD CITY POPULATION (18 YEARS AND ABOVE) HOLDING NATIONAL IDENTITY CARD, 1998 ~ ' 100 86.39 ;::- 80 z ' w () 60 a:: w ~ 40 13.61 20 I f: ; : : I 0 N I Card Obla1ned N I Card Nol Obtained I IOI Both Sexes 100 90.53 ;::- 80 z w () 60 a:: UJ 40 ~ 9.47 20 0 N.l.Card Obtained NJ.Card Not Obtained BMale 100 80.89 - 80 'Zw 60 () ffi 40 19.11 ~ 20 ~:;:;:;:;:;:~ 0 I N.l.Card Obtained N.l.Card Not Obtained ~Female PART - Ill BROAD ANALYSIS OF HOUSING DATA 57 3. BROAD ANALYSIS OF HOUSING CENSUS DATA 3.1 TYPE OF HOUSING STOCK Housing is one of the basic necessities of life. It provide shelter and amenities for maintenance of privacy, family health and desirable living conditions. Therefore, data on housing and facilities therein are essential for planned development of the society. Their changing trend helps in determining the overall requirement of housing units and ultimately provides a base for pooling formation for future planning & development in the city. According to 1998 Census, there were 86,575 housing units in Islamabad city as compared to 36,973 enumerated in 1980 Census showing a significant increase of 134. 16 percent during the intercensal period, 1980-98. 3.1.1 Level of Congestion-Persons and Rooms Level of congestion in terms of persons and rooms per housing unit reflects the living standard of a society. Census data of Islamabad city indicated that stock of housing units had lagged behind population growth resulting in rising trend in household size leading to congestion. In Islamabad city, 6.0 persons were observed per housing unit during 1998 Census against 5.6 persons in 1980 Census. The proportion of number of rooms per housing unit had slightly increased to 3.0 in 1998 Census from 2.7 in 1980 Census. The percentage of single and double room housing units in the city has reduced to 16.08 and 29. 15 respectively in 1998 as compared to 22.50 and 36.38 in 1980 registering considerably improvement in the last 18 years period. The percentage of housing units with 3-4 rooms and 5 rooms and more in 1998 has increased and also reflected improvement in living standards over the intercensal 18 years period. Following table 3.1 gives the indices of congestion in 1998 and 1980 Censuses in the city. Figure 3.1 shows these values in a graphic way. TABLE 3.1 : INDICES OF CONGESTION 1980 AND 1998 Level of Congestion 1980 1998 Persons per Housing Unit 5.6 6.0 Persons per Room 2.1 2.0 Rooms per Housing Unit 2.7 3.0 Housing Units with one room(Percentage) 22.50 16.08 Housing Units with 2 rooms (Percentage) 36.38 29.15 Housing Units with 3-4 rooms (Percentage) 27.68 37.62 Housing Units with 5 rooms & more (Percentage) 13.43 17 .14 58 Fig: 3.1 ISLAMABAD CITY HOUSING UNITS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS, 1998 Six and More 10.32o/o One Room 16.08°.il COne Room •Two Rooms Five Rooms CJ Three Rooms 6.82% CFour Rooms •Five Rooms CJ Six and More Four Rooms 12.66% Two Rooms 29.15°/o Three Rooms 24.96% ...... - 59 3.1.2 Nature of Tenure According to the 1998 Housing Census, 34. 72 percent of the housing units in the city were owned houses, 51.30 percent were rented houses and 13.99 percent were f - ' rent free houses. In 1980, corresponding proportion regarding nature of tenure was recorded as 38.46, 50.26 and 11.29 respectively. Table 3.2 gives detail regarding nature I of tenure in the city. Figure 3.2 shows these values in a graphic presentation. TABLE 3.2: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSING UNITS BY NATURE OF TENURE, 1980AND1998 Tenure 1980 1998 Owned 38.46 34.72 Rented 50.26 51.30 Rented Free 11.29 13.99 3.1.3 Period of Construction Out of owned housing units. only 0.96 percent were found under construction whereas 67 percent of the housing units in the city were constructed 10 years earlier to the 1998 Census. The remaining 29.11 percent were constructed between March 1988 and 1988, of which 13.59 percent were built after March, 1993. Table 3.3 gives details regarding owned housing units by period of construction in the city. TABLE 3.3: PERCENTAGE OF OWNED HOUSING UNITS BY PERIOD OF CONSTRUCITON, 1980 AND 1998 Period of Construction 1980 1998 Under Construciton 0.96 Less than 5 Years 26.57 13.59 5 - 1 O Years 16.53 18.52 More than 1 0 Years 56.90 66.93 3.1.4 Construction Material of Outer Walls Quality of housing units is determined by construction material used in the outer walls and roofs of houses. According to 1998 Census, 91.43 percent housing units of the city had standard category of walls made of baked bricks/blocks and stones with cement finish while 7.20 percent had walls of un-baked bricks/earth bonded in city area showing significant improvement over situation revealed in 1980 Census. The 60 Fig: 3.2 ISLAMABAD CITY NATURE OF TENURE 1980 AND 1998 60 C!i 1998 5130 50.26 50 r.11980 40 38.46 zr::- w (.) w 30 "'~ 20 13.99 10 0 Owned Rented Rent Free 61 corresponding categories of outer walls, in 1980 were recorded as 85.67 percent and 12.40 percent respectively. The percentage in the other categories like wood/bamboo and others were 0.87 percent and 0.50 percent respectively against 0.22 percent and 1.70 percent in 1980. Table 3.4 gives details of construction material used in outer walls of the housing units in the city and figure 3.3 gives these values in a graphic presentation. TABLE 3.4: PERCENTAGE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL USED IN OUTER WALLS, 1980 AND 1998 Construction Material 1980 1998 Baked Bricks/Block Stones 85.67 91.43 Unbaked Bricks/Earth Bond 12.40 7.20 Wood/Bamboo 0.22 0.87 Other 1.70 0 50 3.1.5 Construction Material of Roofs The proportion of housing units having standard category of roofs constructed with RCC/RBC (reinforced concrete/bricks with cement bonding) were observed at 76.63 percent in 1998 which was relatively higher than that of 64.66 percent recorded in 1980 showing an evidence of irr,proving trend for maintaining better quality houses in the city of ls!amabad. The percentage of remaining specified categories of roofs i.e. cement! iron sheet, wood/bamboo and others was observed to be at 10.54, 9.72 and 3.11 percent respectively in 1998 Census which revealed a mixed culture of housing construction in the areas that have mostly cropped up on drainage nullahs running through the territory of Islamabad. Table 3. 5 gives the percentages of material used in roofs 1980 and 1998 and figure 3.4 gives these values in a graphic presentation. TABLE 3.5: PERCENTAGE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL USED IN ROOFS 1980 AND 1998 Roof Material 1980 1998 RCC/RBC 64.66 76.63 Cement/Iron Sheet • 10.54 Wood/Bamboo • 9.72 Others 35.34 3. 11 Data for the catenories was not collected 1n 19SO housing census. However, data collected tinder the category -·Girder/bean1 and baked bricks-· etc. has been included 1n .. others~. 62 Fig: 3.3 ISLAMABAD CITY HOUSING UNITS BY MATERIAL USED IN OUTER WALLS 1980 AND 1998 100 91.43 90 B1998 80 ~1980 70 ,:::- 60 z w 0 50 (!'. w f!,. 40 30 20 12.40 10 0.87 1.70 0 ~ 022 0.50 Baked Bricks/Block/Stone Unbaked Bricks/Earth = Wood/Bamboo Others Bond ------Fig: 3.4 ISLAMABAD CITY HOUSING UNITS BY MATERIAL USED IN ROOFS 1980 AND 1998 90 B1998 80 76.63 rJ 1980 70 60 ;::- z 50 u "'a: "'~ 40 30 20 10.54 9.72 10 3.11 1.90 0.00 110.00 0 RCC/RBC CemenUlron Sheet Wood/Bamboo Others 64 3.2 HOUSING FACILITIES 3.2.1 Source of Drinking Water Easy access to potable drinking water is one of the basic human needs upon which the health of people largely depends. It also serves as an index of quality living. According to the 1998 Census, the availability of water inside the house including piped water (Tap), hand-pumps and wells was reported to be in 82.49 percent of the housing units in the city as compared to 64.21 percent in 1980 showing considerable improvement over 18 years. Other sources of drinking water available outside the housing units were pipe water (Tap). hand-pumps, wells and other sources which constituted 17.51 percent of the total in 1998 against 3579 percent in 1980 indicating awareness of people of the city about significance of access to drinking water within the premises of their houses. Table 3.6 provides percentage of housing units by source of drinking water in the city. Figure 3.5 gives these values in a graphic presentation. TABLE 3.6: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSING UNITS BY SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER, 1980 AND 1998 Source 1980 1998 Inside 64.21 82.49 Pipe (Nul) 62.90 75.19 Hand Pump 0.06 3.24 Well 1.25 4.06 Outside 35.78 17.51 Pipe (Nul) 8.15 6.81 Hand Pump 0 20 1.69 Well 24.47 7 17 Pond 0 09 0.16 Other 2.88 1.67 3.2.2 Source of Lighting The main source of lighting in the city was electricity available to 91 39 percent housing units in 1998 as compared to 71.15 percent in 1980 showing a significant improvement over 18 years 1.e. from 1980-98. A s1gn1f1cant decline was observed 1n the use of kerosene oil as it has decreased from 27. 58 percent in 1980 to 8. 12 percent in 1998. The percentage of use of sources falli1'g 1n the category of others has also reduced from 1. 27 percent in 1980 to 049 percent in 1998 Census. Table 3 7 provides percentage 65 Fig: 3.5 ISLAMABAD CITY HOUSING UNITS BY SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER, 1980 AND 1998 II. '; 90 82 49 1!!11998. 80 75 19 l!D 1980 70 ;:::- 60 z UJ (.) 50 a: UJ 40 ~ 30 20 10 3.24 0 06 4·06 1.25 n ~ Wll1! Inside Inside Pipe (Nul) Hand Pump Well 40 35 79 35 30 24 47 ;:::- 25 z UJ (.) 20 a: UJ ~ 15 10 8 1~ 5 c 1'J 009 ,.,. 0 ii ' Outside Pipe (Nul) Hand Pump Well Pond Others 66 of housing units by source of lighting in the city and figure 3.6 gives these values in a graphic presentation. TABLE 3.7: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSING UNITS BY SOURCE OF LIGHTING, 1980 AND 1998 Source of Lighting 1980 1998 Electricity 71 15 91 39 Kerosene Oil 27.58 8.12 Others 1.27 0.49 3.2.3 USE OF Cooking Fuel Gas was the main source of cooking fuel used by 71. 93 percent of the housing units in the city in 1998 as against 59.30 percent in 1980 showing significant improvement during 1980-98. A considerable proportion i.e. 23. 75 percent of housing units were observed to be still using wood as cooking fuel in 1998 which though had come down from 30.64 percent in 1980. Table 3.8 provides percentage of housing units by source of cooking fuel used in the city Figure 3. 7 gives these values in a graphic presentation TABLE 3.8: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSING UNITS BY SOURCE OF COOKING FUEL USED, 1980 AND 1998 Cooking Fuel Used 1980 1998 Wood .1().6-1 :::3. 7~ Kerosene Oil -1.95 J .O:! Gas 59.30 71.93 Others 5.1 l 1.2') ------[ 67 Fig: 3.6 ISLAMABAD CITY HOUSING UNITS BY SOURCE OF LIGHTING, 1980AND1998 100 D 1998 91 39 CJ 1980 90 80 71 15 70 60 ;::: z l!J u Cl'. 50 CJ ~ 40 '"/:- " 27 58 30 20 812 10 0 49 1.27 0 Electricity Kerosene Oil Others 68 Fig 3.7 ISLAMABAD CITY HOUSING UNITS BY SOURCE OF COOKING FUEL USED, 1980 AND 1998 80 71.93 • 1998 70 El 1980 60 50 >="z w u a: w 40 ~ 30.64 30 .:::.;:::: 20 .. :;::: :::::::::; 10 ::::::::::I I 1,1,1 3.02 4.95 5.11 i!!i!iii!! 0 111111111[2] Wood Kerosene Oil Gas Others 69 3.2.4 Availability of Separate Kitchen, Bathroom and Latrine Facilities Housing units reporting separate kitchen facility in the city were 66.23 percent in 1998 as com pared to 69. 7 4 percent in 1980 showing a strange trend of decline in maintaining separate kitchen over 18 years. Facility of shared kitchen was in 19.10 percent households whereas 14.67 percent of housing units had reported no proper kitchen facility in the city of Islamabad in 1998 Census, as compared to 2.62 and 27.64 percent respectively in 1980 showing inclination of the people for sharing kitchen with other households living within the premises of the same housing structure. Proportion of housing units in the city having separate bathroom facility was 65.64 percent in 1998 against 63.19 percent in 1980. The percentage of shared bathroom facility was significantly higher in 1998 at 19.48 as compared io 3.22 in 1980 Census. The percentage of housing units having no proper bathroom facility was reported at 15.24 percent as compared to 33.59 percent showing considerable improvement in living conditions. Separate latrine facility was available to 64.28 percent housing units whereas shared latrine facility was being availed by 19 .48 percent housing units in the city in 1998. Slightly more than sixteen percent housing units, had reported no proper latrine facility as compared is 36 percent in 1980 indicating significant improvement in living conditions. Trend to maintain shared latrine facility with the families living in the same housing units has gone up substantially to 19.48 percent in 1998 from 3.02 percent in 1980. Table3.9 gives the details regarding percentage-wise facilities available in 1980 and 1998 and figure 3.8 gives these values in graphic presentation. TABLE 3.9: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSING UNITS BY KITCHEN, BATH ROOM AND LATERINE FACILITIES, 1980 AND 1998 Housing Facilities 1980 1998 Kitchen Separate 69.74 66 23 Shared 2.62 19.10 None 27.64 14.67 Bath Room Separate 63.19 65.64 Sh;ired 3.22 15.24 None 33.59 15.24 Latrine Separate 60.88 64.28 Shared 3.02 19.48 None 36.10 16 23 70 Fig: 3.8 ISLAMABAD CITY HOUSING UNITS BY KITCHEN, BATH ROOM AND LATRINE FACILITIES, 1980 AND 1998 Kitchen 80 66 2369 74 ;:::z 60 w w~ 40 ~ 20 19.10 0 ~ Separate Shared None M 1998 D 1980 Bathroom 80 65646319 ;::: z 60 w u Cl'. 40 33 59 w 19 12 ~ 20 0 ~ ~ Separate Shared None m 1998 D 1980 70 64.2!>i;0 88 Latrine 60 ;::: 50 z w 36 10 u 40 Cl'. 30 w 19 48 ~ 20 10 0 ~ Separate Shared None M1988 01980 ______,_