Aprilissn 0541 1996 -4938 Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America

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Vol. 47(2) I?(-- -LILI~+I AprilISSN 0541 1996 -4938 Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America

About this lssue An outline of the 1996 MSA Meeting Program is presented as well as information on the 1996 MSA Foray. The MSA Advisory Committee on Nomenclature (Gary In This Issue Samuels, Chair; Pavel Lizon and Dennis Desjardin) has contributed a commentary A Culture Still Cannot Be a on the issue of cultures as types and the first in a series of "exercises in ~~~~~~l~~~~lT~~~...... 1 nomenclature." This issue also introduces a potential new feature for Inoculum, the Exercises in Nomen- "Dialogue" column. Dialogue will include contributions which: 1) briefly add new clature 1 ...... 2 data to papers published in mycological journals; andlor 2) brief dissenting On Writing Research comments on such papers. An editor for this column is needed if it is to become a Proposals...... 3 regular feature. The Dialogue editor's duties will be to receive and sometimes MSA official in^^^...... 5 solicit critiques of published articles and to obtain a response from the author(s) of 1996 MSAIAPS in^ in^.....,.. 5 the paper under discussion. The Dialogue editor would then assemble the material ne1996 MSA F~~~~...... 5 for the editor of Inoculum. Any volunteers? New Mentor Travel Fund Also in this issue, new information resources available on the World Wide Established 5 Web are listed (see "Mycology Online.") and Amy Rossman shares some insight News ...... into the art of writing proposals. Remember: Inoculum needs your input. This is News ...... 7 your newsletter. Share those good URLs, brief articles on topics of general interest, M~colog~Online ...... 7 reviews of books that are not strictly mycological, job advertisements, and calendar of Events ...... 8 mycological news. Deadline for the next issue is May 15. Dialogue ...... 10 Mycological Classifieds ...... 10 A Culture Still Cannot Be a Nomenclatural Type!

Important Dates by May 15 - Deadline for next Gary J. Samuels, Pavel Lizon & Dennis E. Desjardin Inoculum. MSA Advisory Committee on Nomenclature July 27-3 1, 1996 - MSA [In response to "Update to the Tokyo Code...", Inoculum 46(3): 4, 1995, by John Annual Meeting with David and David Hawksworth] American Phytopathological As was stated by David and Hawksworth (loc. cit.), the new, "Tokyo," International Code of Botanical Nomenclature provides for the deposition of material that is "permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state by lyophilization" (Art. 8.1, Ex. 1). The Code further explains (Rec. 8B.2) that living cultures derived from this kind of type material should be referred to as "ex- holotype" or "ex-isotype" but that they themselves are not the nomenclatural type. First, it is important to understand the meaning of "nomenclatural type." In principle, each taxon name is ultimately based upon one collection that is deposited in a herbarium. That specimen is the nomenclatural type. If there is any doubt as to whether two or more subsequent collections are in fact the species in question, the nomenclatural type is the ultimate . .. of those vials to be considered the of deposit for lyophilized material, but . . reference and arbiter of identity. It is holotype and others as isotypes? If the are they financially or otherwise pre- the taxonomist who determines typical nomenclatural type is divided pared to deal with a vastly increased proximity or distance of any given into two or more parts (isotypes), any load of material if the deposition of collection to or from the nomenclatu- of which may be distributed to other lyophilized nomenclatural types is ral type in identifying a collection. herbaria, one should ultimately be generally adopted? Most people don't ever refer directly designated as the lectotype and thus It has been our observation, after to the nomenclatural type, but either have some nomenclatural precedence many years of herbarium experience, depend upon reports from others (e.g., over the other parts that may be iden- that most fungi are well typified by monographers) who have seen the tical or not. herbarium specimens. In our work type, or they rely on their own reading 2. When a lyophilized nomenclatural with Ascomycetes and Basidiomy- of the original description. type or lectotype is sent on loan to a cetes, we have found it an invaluable A problem with the concept of scientist it will be completely de- practice to deposit a dry agar culture nomenclatural type as the foundation stroyed in the study. Unlike normal that includes the anamorph so as to of a taxon is that the nomenclatural herbarium practice, there will be no have the "whole fungus'' represented type, almost of necessity, provides specimen to return to the lending insti- in the nomenclatural type. In cases only morphological information for tution. No holotype or lectotype ma- where living cultures are important, or comparison with unknown collections. terial will remain as the result of even even essential (as in Trichoderma or There are fungi for which a dry reasonable study of the nomenclatural Fusarium, for example), various types specimen is useless as the nomenclatu- type. Is the borrowing scientist to re- of cultures (including agar tubes, ly- ral type. For example, morphology in turn a newly prepared lyophilized vial ophilized or ultra low temperature) yeasts is largely invariant, and in some to the lending institution? If the bor- can be preserved as "ex-type" cultures. Mucorales essential morphological rower does not have the capability of The Code (Recommendation 8B. 1) characters are not preserved in dry preparing a lyophilized vial, then recommends that a culture of some specimens. For these fungi some sort what? If the borrower does prepare a sort be derived from the nomenclatural of living culture is essential for charac- new vial, what is the nomenclatural type and be deposited in a generally terization of the taxon. In these cases a status of that part of the holotype? accessible culture collection. lyophilized culture is the best form for Does material remaining in the lend- In the end, we recognize that for the nomenclatural type. ing institution take some nomenclatu- some groups of fungi, the nomenclatural precedence over material that was However, there are problems that ral type should be lyophilized or oth- prepared (hopefully free of contami- must be considered before the use of erwise preserved in a metabolically nation, but who knows?) subsequent lyophilized cultures can be generally inactive state. However, while ac- to the deposition of the nomenclatural adopted as the nomenclatural type for knowledging that the Code does type? many fungi. Thought must be given as permit the deposition of lyophilized to how we can include lyophilized 3. When all the originally deposited material as nomenclatural type, we do material into our traditional, herbar- material is depleted, as it certainly will not recommend that mycologists gen- ium-based procedure. This is not to be with economically important fungi, erally avail themselves of this option say that lyophilized material does not what will serve as nomenclatural type? until the questions that we have posed present a great potential. Rather it is ill Having a nomenclatural type, arcane are answered. We recognize that bac- advised for Mycology, at this time, to as it may seem, can be extremely im- teriology has used lyophilized material take up the practice of general use of portant in matters of international quite successfully as nomenclatural lyophilized cultures as nomenclatural quarantine and trade. types, and that mycologists are at least types before some questions have been as clever as bacteriologists in sorting 4. Where are lyophilized nomenclatu- answered and some provisions have out the problems inherent in the use of ral types to be held? Traditional her- been made. this medium. We simply feel that the baria can certainly keep lyophilized revisers of the Tokyo Code were pre- Following are some questions that vials that are submitted, but they can- mature in allowing this option for or- should be considered before one avails not replenish them once they are used. ganisms covered by the Botanical oneself of the provision of depositing They probably cannot check to de- Code, without broad discussion among lyophilized nomenclatural type mate- termine whether what is returned, in scientists and institutions of the real rial. the event that the borrower is required practicalities and consequences of to return a newly prepared culture, is 1. In the event that more than one , 9uch a provision. the same as what was sent out. Culture '. lyophilized vials are deposited, is one collections might be the logical place Exercises in Nomenclature I by Pavel Lizon, Gary J. Samuels, & Dennis E. Desjardin [These exercises should help non- ate applications of the rules of botani- An outline of the genera of poly- taxonomists better understand the cal nomenclature. For example the pores (A. R. Teixeira, Genera of Poly- rules of botanical nomenclature as terms valid vs. correct names are often poraceae: An objective approach. Bol. governed by the International Code of misunderstood and therefore misused. Chac. Bot. Itu (1): [I]-91, 1994), Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter, W., based on an analysis of morphological According to the Code a valid et al. (eds.), Regnum Veg. 13 1, 1994). and biol~gicalcharacters, illustrates name, i.e., a validly published name For more help, feel free to contact any inappropriate use of the term "valid" (Art. 6), is a name which was pub- member of the MSA Advisory for taxonomic decision. The list of lished in accordance with the rules of Committee on Nomenclature: Gary J. generic names (Chapter 4, p. 9) is ti- the Code (Art. 3245, H.9). Therefore, Samuels , tled "Genera of Polyporaceae valid both taxonomically accepted (i.e., cor- Pavel Lizon , or according the I. C. B. N." Theauthor rect) names and synonyms, are valid. Dennis E. Desjardin explains that the boldfaced names A correct name (Art. 1 1.1) is a validly .] "remain valid" while the names published name adopted by an author printed in italics (synonyms) are fol- following his or her circumscription lowed by "the name of valid genus." and taxonomic concept of that particu- Valid Name vs. Correct Based on these statements, one might lar taxon. Invalidly published names, conclude that the name of a synonym Name i.e., those which do not fulfill all re- is invalid. However, all names in that Those who use scientific names of quirements of the Code are not al- list are valid and the boldfaced names fungi and plants are sometimes con- lowed to be used and, in essence, do are "correct." fused with the terminology of botani- not exist. cal nomenclature and misinterpret taxonomic decisions with inappropri-

On Writing Research Proposals by Amy Y. Rossman Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 1996) and Blackwell and Mueller In- such an effort is a waste of time and I recently served on the National Sci- oculum 43(4): 1,4,5,6-8. 1992). resources for everyone involved-the ence Foundation (NSF) Doctoral Dis- investigator, NSF, reviewers, and Anyone considering writing an sertation Improvement Grant panel. panel members. NSF proposal should make a com- After participating in the in-depth re- mitment to writing the best possible The proposal must be well-written view of 2 1 NSF proposals and listen- proposal-whether for the doctoral and readable in regard to prose, logic ing to presentations and discussion by dissertation improvement grant for and flow as well as physical appear- reviewers of 100 other proposals, I finding up to $10,000 or for grants in ance. Reviewers usually read about 20 noticed that the number of criticisms is other programs such as PEET with proposals in the two weeks prior to a relatively small and the criticisms funding up to $750,000 for five years. panel spending from two to four hours consistent. I have attempted to cate- At NSF every proposal is logged in, on each proposal. One starts to feel gorize these criticisms so that my- duplicated, tracked, and given full rather negative about proposals filled cologists who undertake writing NSF consideration. Each one is thoroughly with misspelled words and poorly and other research proposals will have reviewed both inside and outside NSF constructed sentences. Also annoying an idea of the general criticisms that and then reviewed and discussed by a are proposals printed in a small type- eliminate most proposals from being panel of 15 to 20 scientists. If a face in an attempt to cram more words funded. I am not the first to write commitment to writing the best pos- into the page limit. This usually de- about this; see also articles by Black- sible proposal cannot be made, then tracts rather than contributes to the well, 1996 (Inoculum 47(1):3-5. proposal. All parts of the proposal must be presented about how these The significance of the research should mesh together into a cohesive, limitations will be overcome in the beyond the specific problem should be meaningful research project. It is bet- proposed research. The details of data explained. Although NSF funds pri- ter to eliminate a part of a project that analyses must be spelled out. Review- marily basic research, the research detracts from the whole than to in- ers and panelists need to be convinced must be placed in a larger context such clude an aspect that doesn't fit with that the proposed research can be suc- as why the research is important, who the other pieces. cessfully accomplished. There must be cares about it, or what impact the re- some proof or a good explanation to search will have either on science or in Keep in mind that most of the convince the reviewers that the pro- meeting particular societal needs. panel will be non-mycologists. The posed methods will produce the an- reality is that panelists will be primar- All the logistic problems must be ticipated results. Preliminary data is ily scientists with expertise in vascular addressed and successfully resolved almost essential and these data must plants and animals and thus will with evidence included in the pro- provide support for the success of the measure your proposal against the posal. This includes obtaining permits project. standards and expectations in their to collect in foreign countries and respective fields. One must be aware One of the most frequent criticisms agreements from museums and col- of these standards. These standards are of proposals is the lack of detailed laborating institutions at which the primarily related to scientific methods, methodology, particularly in regard to researcher will work or obtain speci- rather than the type of organisms be- data analysis. For example, it is no mens. Any collaboration required for ing studied. Proposals dealing with longer sufficient simply to say that one the success of the research must be fungi should be pre-reviewed by non- will analyze sequence data by using documented. It is not sufficient just to mycological colleagues to determine if PHYLIP or some other commonly mention that somebody will provide they meet the standards set outside used program. Additional details must the essential expertise or access to mycology. It is essential to start writ- be provided as well as solutions to equipment. A letter from that collabo- ing the proposal well in advance of the anticipated problems in data analysis. rator should be included. deadline in order to have it reviewed Although lack of space is probably not Although budgets are technically by knowledgeable colleagues who will a factor for well-written proposals, not a substantial part of the review, give your proposal some candid criti- there is a potential solution to this panelists do look them over to advise cism. problem. At present it is acceptable for NSF on their appropriateness, there- a proposal to refer to a WWW site in The title of the proposal should fore, it is advisable to exclude from order to communicate to the anony- include something that identifies the the budget anything unusual, too con- mous reviewers additional details of major group to which the research spicuous or not essential for the pro- methodology andlor preliminary re- organism belongs. Don't include a posed research. Budget items that tend sults and illustrations that were not subject in the title such as coevolution to draw scrutiny are international submitted with the proposal. This or phylogeny unless that subject is travel and salary costs. Reviewers no- Doctoral Dissertation Improvement truly part of the project. This will tice these anomalies and it may count Grants Panel did not even place most work against the success of the pro- against a proposal. proposals in the category of "fund if posal. funds available"; rather about 70% Finally, it is recognized that the The details of the hypothesis, ob- were eliminated for basic problems in state of knowledge in different groups jectives, and methods must be care- the proposed research methods or lack of organisms varies. It is possible to fully, logically, and completely ex- of evidence that the research would be have a project funded in poorly known plained. If problems in the methodol- successful. groups as long as the methods are de- ogy are anticipated, an explanation tailed, logical and legitimate.

Change of Address Allen Press now handles such MSA membership services as maintaining the MSA mailing list, preparing mailing labels, and processing membership applications and renewals. Send all corrections of directory information, including e-mail addresses, directly to Allen Press. MSA's contact at Allen Press, Karen Hickey, can by reached by any of the following:

Mycological Society of America phone: 800-627-0629 (U.S. and Canada) Attn.: Karen Hickey 913-843-1221 P.O. BOX1897 fax: 913-843-1274 Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 e-mail: [email protected] MSA Official Business

1996 MSAIAPS 29 July 1996 (Monday) geography. At the second stop in YSF, Meeting (Indianapolis) Oral and Poster Presentations southerly and westerly slopes surround Yellowwood Lake, located 7 miles Registration and accommodation in- 30 July 1996 (Tuesday) west of Nashville, IN. Tree over- formation will be mailed by APS in MSA Breakfast/Business Meeting- stories in YSF are variations of the mid April. Information on the meeting 8:00 a.m. MSA Presidential Address: oak-hickory and mixed mesophytic is available on the Web at: types of vegetation. Seventy-four vas- . The home site is MSA Social & Auction-7:00 p.m. within forty permanent vegetation . In addition Oral and Poster Presentations plots in the forest. Sites in both forests the information is posted on 31 July 1996 (Wednesday) should be excellent for collecting Oral and Poster Presentations fungi. The number of participants for MSA supported Symposia, some the MSA Foray will be limited and in association with APS Committees, will based on a first-come basis as will include: The 1996 MSA Foray determined by the date the registration form is received by APS. Registration Viruses that infect plant patho- The 1996 MSA Foray will be held on will be $26/participant. Vegetarian genic hngi (Ghabrial and Hill- Saturday July 27. The all-day Foray lunches are available if requested on man, organizers) will depart at 8:00 a.m. and return at approximately 5: 15 p.m. from the In- the registration form. Evolution in forest basidiomy- diana State Convention Center, Indi- Jim Adaskaveg, MSA Foray Commit- cetes (Harrington and Vilgalys) anapolis. Box lunches and soft drinks tee and Don Ruch, Local Arrange- Technology transfer of ecological will be included. The Foray will in- ments information: I. Biocontrol strate- clude visits to two forested areas in gies in crop protection (Wicklow) southern Indiana. Fungal collection information will be compiled and Technology transfer of ecological New Mentor Travel given to the forest attendants in an information: 11. Industrial appli- Fund Established effort to initiate characterization of cations (Wicklow) some of the fungal diversity at the A new Mentor Travel Fund has been Chestnuts and the blight visited sites. The first location visited established in honor of Dr. Harry (Anagnostakis) will be the Hoosier National Forest Morton Fitzpatrick. Dr. Fitzpatrick was a teacher and Professor of Mycol- Evolutionary biology of Fusarium (HNF). The Foray will visit the Pleas- ant Run area of the HNF, approxi- ogy in the Department of Plant Pa- oxysporum and the Gibberellafu- thology at Cornell University between jikuroi species complex mately 20 miles southeast of Bloom- ington. Tree over-stories are mixed 19 1 1 and 1949. Dr. Fitzpatrick is (07Donnell) hardwoods ranging from mesic beech- probably best known for his influential maple to dry oak-hickory. Addition- text The Lower Fungi. Phycomycetes, Schedule: ally, the site includes a pine plantation published in 1930, which remains an 27 July 1996 (Saturday) of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata important reference. Although never MSA Mycological Foray (APS Forest Mill.) and a large pond. The second published, several bound sets of his Pathology Field Trip) meticulous lecture notes on the Asco- MSA Council Meeting-8:30 a.m.- location that the Foray will visit is the Yellowwood State Forest (YSF). mycetes, which he provided to stu- 5:30 p.m. dents and which were widely used by MSA Official Committees and Society Lunch will be held at the YSF Visitors other mycologists of the day, are in Representatives Meeting--6:30 Center. YSF is named after the yel- circulation and remain useful for their p.m. Everyone welcome. lowwood tree (Cladrastis lutea (F. Michx.) K. Koch) and the forest is comprehensive bibliographies. Dr. 28 July 1996 ( Sunday) located in the rolling hills of Brown Fitzpatrick's contributions to mycol- Annual Lecture: Dr. Barbara Valent: County. The forest consists of 23,200 ogy include monographs of the Cory- 1.00 p.m.-2:00 p.m. scenic acres and three pristine lakes. neliaceae and Nitschkiaceae and he is MSA Editorial Board Meeting: Dr. At both the HNF and the first stop in credited for the posthumous publica- David Griffin: 4:00 p.m. YSF, collections sites will include tion of Whetzel's 1945 monograph of Oral and Poster Presentations mesic slopes, ridges, and bottomland the Sclerotineaceae. Dr. Fitzpatrick served as first Secretary-Treasurer of Mentor travel funds are used to butions form appearing in Inoculum, the MSA and as President of the So- provide travel awards to support or by sending a check to the MSA ciety in 1936. His other interests in- graduate student participation at MSA Endowment Fund, Dr. Jeffrey K. cluded history of the MSA; he pub- annual meetings. The finds are estab- Stone, Department of Botany and lished biographies of mycologists At- lished to honor the contributions of Plant Pathology, Cordley 2082, Ore- kinson, Lloyd, Whetzel, and F. C. influential mycologists by colleagues gon State University, Corvallis, OR Stewart. His students recall him as an and students. It is a pleasure to an- 9733 1-2902. inspiring teacher and meticulous re- nounce the new fund in honor of Dr. searcher. Fitzpatrick. Donations to this fund can be made using the endowment contri-

Mycological News Goos Herbarium Trans- hosting the Seventh International My- Phone- 202-835-9050. Fax: 202-835- ferred cological Congress in 2002. Previous 7334. Email: . Home congress sites: IMC 1, Exeter, UK page: . In December, 1995 the mycological (1971); IMC 2, Tampa, USA (1977); herbarium of Dr. Roger Goos was The Association of Systematics IMC 3, Tokyo, Japan (1983); IMC 4, Collections (ASC) is an association of transferred to the New York Botanical Regensberg, Germany (1990); IMC 5, Garden. Dr. Goos, recently retired North American institutions that house Vancouver, Canada (1994); IMC 6, systematics collections. ASC exists to from the University of Rhode Island, Jerusalem, Israel (1998). is an authority on the helicosporous promote systematics collections, the Deuteromycetes. He has collected If you would like to pursue the institutions responsible for them, and widely in temperate and tropical areas, possibility of making an important the biosystematics community for most notably northeastern North contribution to international mycol- which they are an essential resource. America, Panama, Costa Rica, Hawaii ogy, please contact Meredith Black- ASC works toward these goals by and Brazil. well, Secretary General of IMA, as providing representation to govern- soon as possible and no later than 1 mental agencies and policymakers, The Goos herbarium consists of May 1996 for more information on the serving as a clearinghouse for infor- approximately 2000 identified speci- preparation of a proposal for consid- mation, organizing meetings and mens, and several hundred unidenti- eration by the Executive Committee of workshops, producing and distributing fied specimens in taxa outside Dr. IMA. It is important that committed two regular newsletters and special Goos' area of expertise. We are cur- mycologists be involved directly in all publications, and interacting with rently in the process of databasing the phases of the planning. The site of other societies and groups in North specimens, and incorporating them IMC 7 must be chosen well before America and around the world. into NYBG herbarium. They will be IMC6 in Jerusalem (23-28 August available for loan by the end of June, 1998). Meredith Blackwell, Secretary- 1996. We are grateful to Dr. Goos for New Source for General, International Mycological CAB1 Publications choosing the NYBG as the repository Association, Department of Plant Bi- for this valuable mycological resource, ology, Louisiana State University, The book suppliers for CAB INTER- and to the University of Rhode Island Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, NATIONAL in North America has for authorizing the transfer. U.S.A. Btblac@unixl .sncc.lsu.edu>. changed from Tucson, AZ, to Oxford Any inquiries about the Goos Her- Telephone 540-388-855 1 or 504-388- University Press, Customer Services barium should be addressed to: Bar- 8485 (messages); FAX 504-388-8459. Department, 200 1 Evans Road, Cary, bara M. Thiers, Administrative Cura- North Carolina 27513. USA. Phone: tor, New York Botanical Garden, ASC: New Address 9 19-677-0977 or 800-445-97 14. Fax: . 9 19-677- 1303. If you have any prob- The Association of Systematics Col- lems, or want to know about anything lections (ASC) has recently moved. other than their books, CAB1 can be Site Sought for IMC7 Please note the following new address: reached at . The Dic- The International Mycological Asso- Association of Systematics Collec- tionary should be available from your ciation solicits proposals from my- tions; 1725 K Street NW, Suite friendly, neighbourhood myco- cologists interested in organizing and 601;Washington D.C. 20006- 140 1. bookstore, too. [Dave Brayford] News of Mycologists

Fungi of China vides a fairly modem, often very ad- Deaths vanced, taxonomic arrangement, in- For the past year and a half I have Paul Arenz Lemke (Department of sightful and detailed descriptions, ref- spent about half my time editing and Botany and Microbiology, Auburn erences to previous treatments of each preparing for publication S. C. Teng7s University, Auburn, Alabama) died on fungus both in China and elsewhere in Fungi of China. This is the first edi- 18 November 1995. Dr. Lemke had a the world, references to the basionyms tion of what is possibly the most im- long and distinguished career in my- of the epithets employed, known Chi- portant book ever published on the cology, combining both industrial and nese hosts and substrata, and localities fungal flora of China, S. C. Teng's academic experience. A memorial by province where each fungus was magnum opus, the summary and cul- article will appear in a future issue of collected. For publication details, see mination of the work of China's most h@cologia. "Publications Available" in the Clas- important systematic mycologist. It is sified~section of this issue of Inocu- the first major treatment of the fungi lum. [Richard P. Korfl of China available in English. It pro-

Mycology Online

Finding Mycological Electronic Discussion: for a permit, types of organisms re- Information Article 59 of the ICBN quiring permits, evaluation of applications, status of permits, etc. The The Smithsonian Natural History Go- I am interested in setting up an email Permit Form 526 can be downloaded. pher Server has group for the purpose of discussing Additional information is presented copies of Inoculum, an up-to-date di- Article 59 of the ICBN, "Names of including a newsgroup on regulatory rectory (as of 11/13/95) of MSA Fungi with a Pleomorphic Life Cycle." issues concerning plant pests. , members and a link to the MSA Bul- Discussion is intended to focus on the letin Board. Look on the Botany menu meaning of terms used in Article 59, for the "Mycological and Liche- the philosophical reasons for contin- The AAAS website has a variety of nological Information" submenu. ued use oflor deletion of this article, information on AAAS activities, how the article currently affects fungal A copy of the MSA Directory is meetings,and Science. It is an excel- systematics, and how fungal systemat- also available on the World Wide lent source of up-to-date information ics would be influenced in the event of Web. Visit the Web site of the on R & D funding and on pending and the deletion, or modification of Art. USDA7sSystematic Botany and My- final Congressional action. The text of 59. However, the conversation would cology Laboratory at . Society. . [Eric Swann] [Note: Internet addresses within "greater thanlless than" symbols (< >) URLs Briefly Noted to avoid confusion with sentence Search the 14,000 generic names in page. You enter a generic name and it wrap to a second line.] tells you the class/order/family/ The Biological and Taxonomic Sup- Ellen Farr kingdom, plus a list of generic syno- port Staff (BATS) of USDAIAPHIS nyms. has a home page where information can be obtained about how to apply Calendar of Events

4-5 May 1996. Middle Atlantic My- of mushrooms in such areas as food and epidemiology and management. cology Conference, Howard Univer- production, nutrition and health care, Additional information about sity, Washington, DC. Contact: La- waste bioconversion, and nonfood IWGPVFV and the August '96 meet- fayette Frederick (5 13-376-6260) or products. For further information ing can be found on the Web page at Lena Austin (202-806-4669) for fur- about program content, contact: Dr. . ratory, The Pennsylvania State Uni- Registration and deposit are re- 19-22 May, 1996. "Global Genetic versity, University Park, PA 16802- quired by 10 January 1996. Contact: Resources: Access, Ownership and 4507, Phone: (814) 865-7322, Fax: Dr. Michael J Adams, Plant Pathology Intellectual Property Rights." Agri- 8 14-863-72 17. . Department, IACR-Rothamsted, Har- cultural research Service, U.S. De- penden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK partment of Agriculture, Beltsville 27-3 1 July, 1996. American Phyto- Symposium 2 l/Association of Sys- pathological. Society/ Mycological 18-23 August, 1996. International tematics Collections Annual Meeting, Society of America., Indianapolis, IN. Bact. & Applied Microbial. Congr., Beltsville, Maryland. The purpose of MSA program chair is Elwin Stewart. Jerusalem, Israel. the meeting is to explore issues related . See page 5 for addi- to ownership of and access to genetic tional information. 20-24 August 1996.2nd Interna- resources and biological specimens as tional Symposium and World Con- they affect the ability of scientists to 4-8 August, 1996. AIBS, Seattle, WA. gress on the Preservation and Con- do their job of providing knowledge to servation of Natural Science Collec- benefit the people of the world. While 4-9 August, 1996. International tions: "Natural Science Collections- scientists desire free, international Conference on Mycorrhizae, Ber- A Resource for the Future" (St. Johns distribution of germplasm and scien- keley, CA. Meetings and seminars will College, Cambridge, U.K.). Organized tific information on biodiversity, cur- cover all aspects of mycorrhizal re- by the Geological Conservation Unit rent forces and trends are leading search. Preconference workshops and and the Department of Earth Sciences away from this position. A mutually field trips are being planned for the of the University of Cambridge and beneficial compromise is needed. period of July 3 1 though August 31d, co-sponsored by several collections Twenty-four international, national 1996. support organizations, including the and local speakers will participate in If you would like to be placed on Association of Systematics Collections this symposium with emphasis placed the mailing list for registration, hous- and the Society for the Preservation of on the value of specimen-based re- ing, and abstract forms, please e-mail Natural History Collections. Contact: search to the global community. Reg- your name, address, telephone and The Administrator - World Congress, istration is $225, and includes meet- FAX number to . By contacting ICOM versity of Cambridge, Downing Street, the Proceedings. Posters may be pre- directly by e-mail you can help save Cambridge CB2 3EQ. UK. Phone: sented. Contact: Virginia Hupfer, the cost of mailing the first circular, +44 1223 33 34 21. Fax: +44 1223 33 B003, Rm.200, 10300 Baltimore which simply repeats the information 34 50. Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350. given here. Information will be peri- Phone: 301-504-6 108. Fax: 301-504- odically updated at the following 25-29 August 1996. 61h International 6357. . World Wide Web site: . Germany. The conference will include 9-12 June 1996. 2ndInternational Contact: Dr. Tom Bruns, 108 Hil- topics such as fungal sporulation, Conference on Mushroom Biology gard Hall, Dept. ESPM, Univ. Calif., spore germination, mating, spore re- and Mushroom Products. The Penn- Berkeley. CA, 94720-3 1 10. Fax: 5 10- lease, spores in biotechnology. Per- sylvania State University, University 643-5098. sons wishing to organize small groups Park (State College), Pennsylvania. for research discussions or demonstra- The Conference is organized to facili- 5-8 August 1996. 3rdSymposium of tion of techniques are welcome. Con- tate sharing of the most recent ad- the International Working Group tact: Kurt Mendgen, Phytopatholo- vances in mushroom biology and on Plant Viruses with Fungus Vec- gie,Universitat Konstanz, Postfach mushroom products, and to explore tors (IWGPVFV), University of Dun- 5560, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany. opportunities for future research and dee, Scotland. Papers and posters are cooperation. The conference also will invited on molecular biology of vi- 25-29 August 1996. 81h International allow participants from academic, ruses with fungal vectors, virology Congress for Culture Collections, industrial and government sectors to and viral pathology, mycology of "Culture Collections to Improve the interact in identifying the needs and vector fungi, interaction between vi- Quality of Life," Veldhoven, The potential for wide-ranging exploitation ruses and vectors, disease resistance, Netherlands. Dr. Dirk van der Mei, Chairman, Organizing Committee. 1-7 September 1996. Society for In- 1997 (August 3-7). AIBSI Contact: Secretariat ICCC-8, Cen- vertebrate Pathology 29~Annual Mycological Society of America, traalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Meeting and 3rdColloquium on Bacil- Montreal, Quebec. MSA program PO Box 273,3740 AG Baarn, The lus thuringiensis. Cordoba, Spain. chair is Steve Miller. Netherlands Phone: +3 1-2 154-8 12 1 1. Contact Wendy Gelernter, Secretary, Fax: +31-2154-16142. Soc. for Invertebrate Pathology, 1998 (February 12-17). AAAS, Phila- . Phone: 6 19-272-9897. delphia, PA. . 29 August-September 1, 1996. 1998 August 2-6). AIBS/Ecological NAMAINorth East Mycological Fed. 16-20 September, 1996. First World Society, Baltimore, MD. Foray, Ascutney Mountain Resort, Congress On Allelopathy, A Science Brownsville, VT. Contact: David W. For The Future will be held in Cadiz, 1998 (August 23-28). 6'h Interna- Fischer, 343 Randolph St., Syracuse, Spain. Information available at tional Mycological Congress, Jerusa- NY 13205-2357. . organica/allelopathy.htm>. [posted on logical Society invites constructive MSA Bulletin Board; Editor has no suggestions on the format for IMC6. 30-3 1 August 1996. A Workshop to additional information] Those persons who attended IMC5 in Discuss "Access to Microbial Ge- Vancouver may consider that future netic Resources Within The Frame- 23-26 October 1996. 2ndLatin Congresses should incorporate addi- work of the Convention on Biologi- American Congress of Mycology, tional features, e.g., Plenary Sessions, cal Diversity." Organised by the Havana, Cuba. Contact: Lic. Mayra or programs for accompanying per- World Federation for Culture Collec- Camino, Jardin Botanico Nactional, sons. Comments received will be col- tions (WFCC) and the Forum of Indus- Carretera del Rocio Km 3 112, C.P. lated by the General Secretary and trial Microbiologists (FIM). The 19230, Calabazar, Boyeros, .C. forwarded to Professor Margalith workshop will take place in Veldho- Habana, Cuba. Fax: (53-7) 33-5350. Galun, Organizer of IMC6. Comments ven, The Netherlands, immediately or Dr. Rolando should be sent to the Society's General following the International Congress Tapanes, Inst. Medicina Tropical Secretary, Dr. Stephen Moss, School for Culture Collections (ICCC8). The "Pedro Kouri," Apartado 60 1, Mari- of Biological Sciences, University of aim of the workshop is to consider the anao 13, C. Habana, Cuba. Portsmouth, King Henry 1 Street, implications of the Convention on . Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO 1 2DY. Biological Diversity on access to microbial genetic resources, both from 1997 (February 13-1 8). AAAS, Seat- 1998 August. International Plant the point of view of the microbial re- tle, WA. Pathology Congress, Scotland. source centres and the user community. Information is available through 1997 (March 18-23), The 18'~Fungal 1999 (January 2 1-26). AAAS, Ana- the WFCC Web site, Genetics Meeting, Asilomar, CA. heim, CA. , or from Barbara Kirsop, on Metabolism and Gene Regulation; 1999 (August 1-7). The International WFCC Biodiversity Committee. Cell Biology and Pathogenesis; Sexual Botanical Congress will be held in St. Phone: 44 1778 570618. Fax: 44 1778 and Asexual Development; Evolution Louis, MO. The organizers want my- 570 175. . sessions; and poster sessions. Propos- to have some fully intergrated sympo- als and suggestions for workshop top- .sia including mycology. Although the 1-7 September, 1996. Progress and ics and potential organizers are now meeting will not occur until 1999, we Problems in Lichenology in the Nine- invited and should be submitted before must offer suggestions now if they are ties (3rd International Association 3 1 May, 1997 to either Dr. N. Louise to be considered. Mycology needs to for Lichenology Symposium), Sal- Glass, Biotechnology Laboratory, nurture its botanical roots! Contact: zburg. Contact: Dr. Roman Tiirk, Uni- University of British Columbia, Van- Don Pfister or Meredith Blackwell versity of Salzburg, Institute of Plant couver, B.C. V6T 1W5 Canada; with any ideas of topics that will be of Physiology, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A- . Fax: 604 822 interest to the botanical community as 5020 Salzburg, Austria. Phone: +43 6097 or to Dr. Michael J. Hynes, De- a whole, as well as mycology. 662 8044 5588. Fax: +43 662 8044 partment of Genetics, University of 50 10. . Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3052 Aus- 1999. Amer. Phytopath. Soc.1Canad. WWW announcement at . Fax: 613 9344 5 139. htm>. 1999. International Bact. & Applied Microbiol. Congr., Sydney, Australia. Dialogue

Re: Ergosterol As A Fungal- serve as a good test of consistency of mg (Newell, 1994, Appl. Environ. Mass Index extraction and chromatographic tech- Microbiol. 60: 3479-3482). Also, wet niques, but not as a valid test of the mass:dry mass ratios for mycelia were Many Inoculum readers will have seen variability of ergosterol content of determined from separate flasks of the paper by Bermingham et al. in mycelial mass. What the authors tested mycelia, and used to calculate dry Mycol. Res. 99(4): 479-484, 1995, "A here was whether their assay tech- mass of the mycelial mats of different Critical Assessment of the Validity of niques were affected by size of sam- ages, using measured wet mass. Wet Ergosterol as an Indicator of Fungal ple. Note also that the regressions used mycelial mass can differ greatly Biomass." The authors did not find to predict fungal dry mass for this among batches of mycelium, due to statistically significant relationships work were characterized by low coef- different amounts of water retained between ergosterol per unit dry mass ficients of determination (r2s as low as among hyphae, rates of evaporation of and total dry mass for mycelia of six 37%). water from mycelia, etc. aquatic hyphomycetes, and they state B.) The other half of the argument Steve Newell, Marine Institute, Uni- that the "assay must therefore be of Bermingham et al. is based upon versity of Georgia, Sapelo Island, GA viewed with caution." ergosterol contents of mycelial sam- 3 1327. The results of Bermingham et al. ples harvested from liquid culture (20 are at variance with a rather large g per 1 malt-extract) at different ages. Reply To: Re Ergosterol As The reported ergosterol contents of body of literature which shows that A Fungal-Mass Index. ergosterol content of mycelial mass is several species were exceedingly vari- Newel1 is correct in stating that if er- routinely found to be strongly corre- able (e.g., for Alatospora acuminata gosterol is indicative of fungal bio- lated with total organic mycelial mass Ingold, range = 0.08 to 1.3 1 ug per mg mass, then ergosterol concentration (e.g., Suberkropp et al., 1993, Appl. dry). Since no patterns are given for should not be affected by the biomass Environ. Microbiol. 59:3367-3372; the change in dry mass with age, one used in the extraction. However, the Newell, 1994, Appl. Environ. Micro- cannot check for suggestions of po- absolute content of ergosterol must biol. 60:3479-3482). I request that tential presence of autolyzing hyphae increase with an increase in material readers of "A Critical Assessment ..." or other explanations of this large extracted, if this method estimated take note of the following points. range of ergosterol contents. The re- fungal biomass. Contrary to Newell's ported ergosterol contents of aquatic A.) Half of the argument of comments we did not investigate the hyphomycetes are low relative to Bermingham et al. is based upon relationship between ergosterol con- those reported by other investigators measurement of ergosterol content of centration and mass extracted. We did, (e.g., for A. acuminata, average of 0.4 subdivisions of single mycelial mats however, find statistically signficant ug per mg dry; other investigators produced in 100-ml liquid cultures. relationships for ergosterol content have found 7- 10 ug per mg; see Gess- The subdivisions were of different and biomass for the three species ner & Chauvet, 1993, Appl. Environ. fresh (wet) masses. There was no dif- studied, but for six other species used Microbiol. 59502-507). The 14-day ference among the subdivisions except in the study no relationship was found. content of ergosterol reported by that they were of different wet mass. Bermingham et al. was 1.2 ug per mg Dr. S. Bermingham, Department of The mats were simply harvested and (average for nine species; the values Animal & Plant Sciences, University split into several parts. Therefore, for four s~ecieswere less than 1 UE of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, there was no logical reason to expect - per mg). The average most commonly S 10 2TN, UK. them to have different ergosterol con- found for other fungi, including tents. This type of experiment would aquatic hyphomycetes, is near 5 ug per

Mycological Classifieds

Read the Mycological Classifieds for Courses ada from 17-2 1 June 1996, with in- announcements of courses, employ- structors from the Centraalbureau voor ment opportunities, positions wanted, An introductory course on the identifi- Schirnmelcultures (Baarn, Nether- and mycological goods and services cation of Food and Air-Borne Fungi lands) and the Centre for Land and offered or needed. will be held in Ottawa, Ontario, Can- Biological Resources Research, Agri- culture and Agri-Food Canada hands-on review of 120 fungal isolates Information is available via e-mail at (Ottawa, Canada). The course com- including selected unusual hyaline and or by writing bines introductory lectures and practi- dematiaceous hyphomycetes, arthro- Cascade Research Associates & Ab- cal, hands-on laboratory sessions for conidial fungi, and Zygomycetes. bey Lane Laboratory, P.O. Box 1665, the identification of more than 100 Continuing education credits are pro- Philomath, OR 97370 USA. Phone species of moulds that are common on vided through the American Society 503-929-5984. [Steven Carpenter] food and in indoor air. Visit the home for Clinical Laboratory Sciences. page for this course at cologists Richard Summerbell, Ph.D. or contact Keith Seifert at and Guy St- Germain, B.S. Fee: $260. Research Associate Position: Mo- or phone Sponsors: National Laboratory Train- lecular Systematics of Fungi. Re- 613-759-1378. ing Network and Texas Department of search Botanist (Mycologist) GS-11, Health. For application information, about $37,000 plus benefits. The The American Type Culture Collec- Phone: 504-568-2081 or 5 12-458- USDA Agriculture Research Service, tion (ATCC) is a nonprofit organiza- 7566. . Systematic Botany and Mycology tion set-up as an international reposi- Laboratory is seeking a research as- tory for biological cultures. Part of Information Wanted sociate to work on the molecular sys- ATCCs mandate is to provide educa- tematics of Septoria and other groups tion in the field of microbiology. I am Khasanov Batyr Achilovich, of taxonomically difficult plant patho- ATCC s Laboratory Workshop Pro- Ph.D., Vice-Director of the Institute of genic fungi. The research will be con- gram is part of the fulfillment of this Genetics. Our interests lie in the ducted as part of a team working to education mandate. We have been sphere of Deuteromycetous fungi resolve the systematics of these cryp- offering "hands-on" training programs causing diseases of agricultural plants, tic, filamentous fungi. Deadline for for the past 12 years. At least 50% of especially cereals, in Uzbekistan. We applications: 1 May 1996. For appli- each workshop involves hands-on have been working on the organization cation information, contact: Dr. Amy training and the remainder of the proof "Central Asian Regional Culture Y. Rossman, U.S. National Fungus gram is devoted to lectures. Schedule Collection of Microorganisms from Collections, Rm. 304, BO1 lA, 10300 for May through Novemberfollows: Plants." We have found that tan spot Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705. Cell Culture & Hybridomas: Qual- of wheat caused by Pyrenophora . ity Control & Cryopresewation tritici-repentis was one of the main Techniques May 1-3, 1996 and Sep- diseases in some regions of Uzbeki- Assistant Professor of Plant Pathol- tember 11-13, 1996. In Vitro Toxi- stan and pure cultures of the pathogen ogy. Penn State University invites cology: Techniques and Applica- have been established. Pathogenicity applications for a 48-week, tenure- tions June 4-7, 1996. Downstream of 27 isolates to wheat was proved by track, 80% research and 20% teaching Processing, Recovery and Purifica- artificial inoculation. Our present ac- position available July 1, 1996. The tion of Proteins September 18-20, tivity is concerned the determination research responsibility is to develop a 1996. Fermentation Microbiology of structure of pathogen's populations program in molecular genetics of fun- September 24-27, 1996. Micros- in Uzbekistan and the development of gal plant pathogens. Potential areas copy/Photomicrography October 24, methods for wheat screening for resis- include host-pathogen interactions and 1996. Growth & Presewation of tance to this disease. We have tested related aspects of plant disease re- Animal Viruses October 9-1 1, 1996. 18 media to obtain profuse inoculum search. Teaching responsibilities in- Freezing & Freeze-Drying of Mi- production of P.tritici-repentis and clude a course in fungal or plant dis- croorganisms October 15-1 8, 1996. abundant conidiation has been pro- ease molecular genetics and directing Advanced Recombinant DNA vided on two media containing casein graduate students. A Ph.D. from a Techniques & Applications Novem- hydrolyzate,yeast extract, lactose and discipline relevant to molecular genet- ber 11-15, 1996. some other chemicals. ics of hgiand plant disease and For information of ATCC Work- We ask you for to help us with demonstrated research experience in shops contact: ATCC, Workshop Co- establishing contacts with U.S. scien- fungal molecular genetics is required. ordinator, 12301 Parklawn Drive, tists in our field of scientific interests. Post-doctoral experience in molecular Rockville, MD, USA 20852. Phone: Please send us e-mail and regular ad- genetics of fungi and plant disease and 301-23 1-5566. Fax: 301-816-4364. dresses of interested scientists. Batyr demonstrated publication record and Home page: . teaching experience are desirable. Sal- workshops/workshop.html>. ary is competitive. Applicants should -- -- Mycological Goods and Services submit a letter of application, curricu- Workshop: Keys to Success in lum vitae, academic transcripts, a Medical Mycology. New Orleans, Mold Identification Services. We written statement on research interests LA. May 16-1 7, 1996. This two day identify molds and other fungi for and teaching and professional phi- workshop provides participants a industry, agriculture and academia. losophies, and three letters of recommendation to: Dr. John E. Ayers, USA. Fax: 909-787-4294. tolerance to diseases (wheat tan spot Search Committee Chair, Department .and barley scald), and study of myco- of Plant Pathology, 308 Buckhout herbicides for opium poppy. If you are Laboratory, Box S- 108, University Research Associate Position (post interested having a specialist from this Park, PA 16802-4507. Application doc). Available immediately to study region, and you have a vacancy on Deadline: April 30, 1996 or until the molecular mechanism of dimor- such kind of research, please contact filled. An Affmative ActionlEqual phism in Candida albicans. This posi- me. Elena N. Postnikova . [E-mail Opportunity Employer. Women and tion requires experience in protein contact: .] molecular biology and microbiology. Postdoctoral Associate In Molecular Salary is dependent on experience. Publications Available And Cell Biology. A position is avail- Please send the curriculum vita, sum- able immediately in our laboratory to mary of previous research and three S. C. Teng's Fungi of China, edited by investigate the involvement of letters of reference to Dr. M. Richard P. Korf (ISBN 0-930845-05- "integrin" as a signal mediation pro- Gunasekaran, Dept. of Biology, Fisk 6). Contact Mycotaxon, Ltd., P.O. Box tein in initiation of appressoria in the University, Nashville TN 37208. 264, Ithaca, NY 14851, U.S.A. rust fungus, Uromyces. We are look- . () or your local ing for someone with skills in molecu- book dealer. lar biology, but also with skills or For the last two summers, I have had knowledge in cell biology. Initial ac- an undergraduate working with me Research Opportunities tivities will involve isolation of key in isolating zoosporic fungi from proteins, gene cloning, and analysis of marine and freshwater habitats. We Research Opportunity in Guyana. the integrin genes. The candidate must are also doing some laboratory work The Iwokrama International Rain For- have a Ph.D. in the biological sciences on the growth and development of est Programme offers facilities for (biochemistry, botany, cell biology, fungi we isolate, or related zoospore- research in a remote pristine forest mycology, plant pathology, etc.) with producing hngi. It affords an oppor- area 300 km south of Georgetown. skills and knowledge in molecular tunity to get experience working with Currently the Iwokrama Programme is biology applications. Skills in protein groups of "fungi" that few universities in its start-up phase and welcomes isolation and related areas would be include in courses today. researchers who would help improve beneficial. This is a one-year appoint- If a suitable rising junior, senior or the scientific foundations of sustain- ment, renewable for a second year. person who will enter a graduate pro- able utilization of the forest. At pres- Benefits are included. Salary is com- gram in the fall of 1996 has an interest ent research is needed in the following mensurate with qualifications and ex- in working at a marine laboratory on fields: general characterization of the perience. the coast of Maine, I encourage them physical characteristics of the site; Please send resume and list of to contact me at: or to submit an applica- forest ecology with special emphasis Department of Plant Pathology, tion. More information on the labora- on regeneration of timber trees; forest Cornell University, NYSAES, Ge- tory and the summer undergraduate type classification and mapping; and neva, NY 14456. Telephone: (3 15) internships can be obtained at: identification and development of no- 787-2332. The timber forest products. Iwokrama cornell.edu>. document on the web gives details on makes available the facilities of a field support and how to apply. I look for- station located near Kurupukari on the Two postdoctoral positions in a ward to hearing from interested stu- left bank of the Essequibo River. laboratory investigating the molecu- dents. [Melvin S. Fuller] Lodging and meals at the field station, lar genetics of Phytophthora in- transportation and field guides can be festans, an oomycete fungus that Position Wanted provided at modest rates. Researchers causes the important late blight dis- must provide all of their own funding. eases of potato and tomato. I am looking for a position of a re- Interested institutions or individu- Applicants should have a Ph.D. searcher in a plant pathology/ als are invited to send a profile of their and some experience in molecular mycology lab. Presently, I am a re- proposed research to: Director Gen- biology. Please send a curriculum vi- search worker at the Institute of Genet- eral, Iwokrarna International Rain for- tae and the names of three references ics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan (former est Programme, P.O. Box 1074,41 to: Howard Judelson, Department of Soviet Republic). My research inter- Brickdam, Georgetown, Guyana; Plant Pathology, University of Cali- ests include: collection of microfungi Tel.592-2-5 15-04; Fax:592-2-59199. fornia, Riverside, California 9252 1 cultures (Central Asia region), devel- [From the Biological Conservation oping of screening methods for grain Newsletter, February, 19961 Fungi on Rhododendron: A World Reference by David F. Farr, Hilisa Bartolome Esteban, and Mary E. Palm 1996, 192pp., Bibliography, Index. Hardbound. ISBN: 1-887905-00-6

This reference guide provides an authoritative compilation of the fungi reported on Rhododendron worldwide. It includes information on the host, geographical range, and biology of each fungus. In addition, it clarifies the taxonomic and nomenclatural changes that have been made for many of the fungi since they were reported. The information in this reference is organized into a number of indices: The Host-Fungus List, The Host-Fungus List by Country, The Fungus- Host List, The Fungus Index, and the Literature Cited. Altogether, information on 5 18 fungal species on 2 19 Rhododendron taxa is presented in this guide. The Literature Cited section lists 540 numbered references. This is the fust publication listing fungi on species of Rhododendron worldwide, including information on biology, distribution, and a current taxonomic and nomenclatural treatment for each fungus name. It will be a valuable resource for persons identifying fungi from Rhododendron and will be invaluable in making risk assessments concerning the importation of Rhododendron.

Price: $45.00 in the US; $55.00 Outside the US Shipping and Handling $3.00 for the fust copy and $2.50 for the subsequent copies. NC residents: Add 6% sales tax.

Mycology in Sustainable Development: Expanding concepts and Vanishing Borders Edited by Ignacio H. Chapela and Mary E. Palm 150pp. (est.), Index, Bibliography. Hardbound. ISBN: 1-887905-01-4

This book contains the proceedings of a multinational workshop on fungi in sustainable development. Topics include the management and sustainable harvesting of the Pine Mushroom "matsutake" (Tricholoma magnivelare), monitoring and inventory of fungal biological diversity, the use of mycorrhizae in land restoration, fungi as biological control agents of weeds, endophytes as instruments of ecological management, the potential for cultivation of novel fungal products, and the use of fungi in pharmaceutical bioprospecting. Several of the chapters are comprehensive, up-to-date reviews of their topics. Differences in the regional perspectives among U.S., Canada, and Mexican scientists are highlighted, including economic and environmental concerns of these convergent economies. Authors discuss how current and proposed legislation, as well as public perception, affect the ability of each Region to include fungi in sustainable practices and policies. This book will be of interest and use to a broad audience ranging from biologists and other scientists to administrators and policy-makers.

Price: $40.00 in the US and $50.00 Outside the US Shipping and Handling $3.00 for the fust copy and $2.50 for the subsequent copies. NC Residents: Add 6% sales tax.

MSA Members: Order either book by May 31,1996 and receive 10% Discount

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CREDIT CARD: VISA MASTERCARD Mail membership form and payment to: Expiration Date: Mycological Society of America Attn: Karen Hickey Account No.: P.O. Box 1897 Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Name as it appears on the card: phone: 800-627-0629 913-843-1221 fax: 913-843-1274