120 MW Lower Kopili Hydroelectric Project
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Environmental Impact Assessment April 2018 India: Assam Power Sector Investment Program – Tranche Supplementary EIA Volume 2 Prepared by Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGCL), Government of Assam for the Asian Development Bank. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. LOAN 3327 IND ASSAM POWER SECTOR INVESTMENT PROGRAM – TRANCHE 2 Consulting Services for Supplemental Environmental Assessment for Lower Kopili Hydropower Project Final Report (Volume 2 - Cumulative Impact Assessment Report) Submitted to: Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited INDIA November 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Background ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives and Definitions ............................................................................................. 2 1.3 Scope and Methodology ................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Organization of Report .................................................................................................. 5 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 6 3. PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE ....................................................................................... 8 4. OTHER DEVELOPMENTS AND PROJECTS .................................................................... 10 4.1 Other Power Sector Development ............................................................................... 10 4.2 Other Development Based on Projections of Electricity Demand ................................. 15 4.3 Other Development Based on Demographic, Economic, and Planning Data ............... 22 5. VALUABLE ECOSYSTEM COMPONENTS ....................................................................... 23 5.1 Water Quality VEC ...................................................................................................... 24 5.2 Water Quantity VEC .................................................................................................... 35 5.3 Air Quality VEC ........................................................................................................... 51 5.4 Land, Forestry and Ecology VEC ................................................................................ 54 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................... 59 6.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 59 6.2 Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 59 7. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 62 APPENDIX A: METHODOLOGY FOR LKHEP CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ........ 64 APPENDIX B: LIST OF PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED ................................ 69 APPENDIX C: PRELIMINARY LIST OF AMD REMEDIAL OPTIONS ..................................... 72 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: LKHEP Facilities ................................................................................................ 7 Figure 3.1: Map showing AoC of LKHEP project .................................................................. 9 Figure 4.1: Showing alignment routes of proposed transmission line and landuse ............... 12 Figure 4.2: Map showing power generation projects in Kopili River Basin, Assam ............... 15 Figure 4.3: Utilization by Consumer Category (%). Source: APDCL ..................................... 16 Figure 4.4: Energy Consumption Forecast 2009 – 2022. Source: APDCL ............................ 19 Figure 4.5: Map showing existing urban areas near the project location............................... 20 Figure 4.6: Electricity Sales by Category. Source: APDCL ................................................... 21 Figure 5.1: Map showing existing reservoirs and water sampling locations upstream of proposed Lower Kopili HEP ............................................................................................... 26 Figure 5.2: General Water Quality Seasonal Trends Lower Kopili ........................................ 27 Figure 5.3: Map showing water Samples location with respect to project location ................ 29 Figure 5.4: Map of Kopili River Basin ................................................................................... 36 Figure 5.5: Land Use and Land Cover ................................................................................. 37 Figure 5.6: Schematic of Kopili River Basin .......................................................................... 38 Figure 5.7: pH profile of Kopili River Basin ........................................................................... 39 Figure 5.8: Flow Characteristics during the Three Periods ................................................... 42 Figure 5.9: Flow Duration Curve for 90% Dependable Year: 2004-05 ................................. 43 Figure 5.10: Flow Duration Curve for 50% Dependable Year: 1998-99 ................................ 44 Figure 5.11: Variation of Discharge Values of Kopili River at Longku From 1999-2016 ....... 44 Figure 5.12: Monthly Variation of Discharge of Kopili River .................................................. 45 Figure 5.13: Reservoir Operation Simulation during 1 Dec 2003 - 31 March 2004 .............. 47 Figure 5.14: Daily Reservoir Operation in Monsoon Period (High Flow Year 2003) ............. 48 Figure 5.15: Toposheet map showing forest land under project LKHEP ............................... 56 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ALD – anoxic limestone drainage AMD – acid mine drainage AoC – area of concern (refer to Project’s area of influence) APSIP – Assam power sector investment program ARD – acid rock drainage APGCL – Assam Power Generation Company Limited APDCL – Assam Power Distribution Company Limited AQI – air quality index BC – black carbon BOD – biological oxygen demand CIA – cumulative impact assessment COD – chemical oxygen demand CSMRS – Central Soil And Material Research Station DPR – detailed project report EA – executing agency EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan FGD – focus group discussion FRL – full reservoir level GoA – Government of Assam GoI – Government of India GHG – green house gases IEE – initial environmental examination IFC – International Finance Corporation IR – inception report IWRMP – integrated water resources management plan KHP – Kopili Hydroelectric Project LKHEP – Lower Kopili Hydroelectric Project MDDL – minimum draw down level MFF – multitranche financing facility MoEF&CC – Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change MW – megawatt NEEPCO – North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited NEHU – North Eastern Hill University PCBA – Pollution Control Board Assam PIU – project implementation unit PMU – project management unit RBO – River Basin Organization RFP – request for proposal RIZ – resource impact zones RP – resettlement plan RORPs – run-of-river plants RRP – report and recommendations of the president RSPM – respirable suspended particulate matter QMS – quality management system SEA – supplemental environmental assessment SHP – small hydropower project SIA – social impact assessment SPS – safeguard policy statement SPM – suspended particulate matter TA – technical assistance TDS – total dissolved solids TOR – terms of reference VEC – valued ecosystem components WQR – water quality restoration 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background 1. On 3 July 2014 ADB Board approved a multi-tranche Financing Facility (MFF) to the Government of Assam (through Government of India) for the Assam Power Sector Investment Program (APSIP). The APSIP aimed to finance a portion of the power sector investment plan for generation and distribution of the Government of Assam (GOA). The APSIP objectives are to increase capacity and efficiency of power generation and distribution systems in the State of Assam and to reduce load shedding while meeting growing demand for power in the region. The investment program’s impact will be to increase availability of electricity in Assam. The outcome will be increased capacity and efficiency of energy generation and distribution systems in Assam. 2. The investment program is estimated to cost US$430 million. On Government request, ADB provided MFF in an amount up to US$300 million from ADB’s ordinary capital resources to help finance a part of the investment program. The MFF comprise three tranches. Tranche 1 for US$ 50 million (Loan 3140-IND) was approved on 11 July 2014 and became effective on 12 May 2015; it includes replacement of an aging, inefficient gas plant, and project implementation support