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Extraction of Detailed Level Flood Hazard Zones Using Multi-Temporal Historical Satellite Data-Sets – a Case Study of Kopili River Basin, Assam, India

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Extraction of Detailed Level Flood Hazard Zones Using Multi-Temporal Historical Satellite Data-Sets – a Case Study of Kopili River Basin, Assam, India See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311670634 Extraction of detailed level flood hazard zones using multi-temporal historical satellite data-sets – a case study of Kopili River Basin, Assam, India Article in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk · December 2016 DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2016.1265014 CITATIONS READS 2 281 5 authors, including: Shivaprasadsharma Sv Parth Sarathi Roy National Remote Sensing Centre International Crops Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics 11 PUBLICATIONS 38 CITATIONS 492 PUBLICATIONS 4,695 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Chakravarthi Vishnubhotla Bhanumurthy Veerubhotla University of Hyderabad National Remote Sensing Centre 61 PUBLICATIONS 458 CITATIONS 44 PUBLICATIONS 215 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Spatial Modelling of land use dynamics and its impact on fluxes and Ecosystem services in Eastern Ghats, India in present and future climate scenario View project Book, Chapter or Editorial View project All content following this page was uploaded by Shivaprasadsharma Sv on 11 May 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk ISSN: 1947-5705 (Print) 1947-5713 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tgnh20 Extraction of detailed level flood hazard zones using multi-temporal historical satellite data-sets – a case study of Kopili River Basin, Assam, India Shivaprasad Sharma SV, Parth Sarathi Roy, Chakravarthi V, Srinivasarao G & Bhanumurthy V To cite this article: Shivaprasad Sharma SV, Parth Sarathi Roy, Chakravarthi V, Srinivasarao G & Bhanumurthy V (2017) Extraction of detailed level flood hazard zones using multi-temporal historical satellite data-sets – a case study of Kopili River Basin, Assam, India, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 8:2, 792-802, DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2016.1265014 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2016.1265014 © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Informa Published online: 14 Dec 2016. UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Submit your article to this journal Article views: 521 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tgnh20 GEOMATICS, NATURAL HAZARDS AND RISK, 2017 VOL. 8, NO. 2, 792–802 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2016.1265014 REVIEW ARTICLE Extraction of detailed level flood hazard zones using multi- temporal historical satellite data-sets – a case study of Kopili River Basin, Assam, India Shivaprasad Sharma SV a, Parth Sarathi Roy b, Chakravarthi Vb, Srinivasarao Ga and Bhanumurthy Va aRemote sensing Applications Area, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Balanagar, India; bUniversity Centre for Earth & Space Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, India ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Kopili River Basin is one of the chronic flood affected basins of Received 31 March 2016 Brahmaputra River, lies in north-eastern part of India. This study attempts Accepted 12 November 2016 fl to utilize the historical spatial data on ood inundation layers derived KEYWORDS from multi-temporal remote sensing images for identifying villages falling Flood hazard; severity; Kopili; in various flood hazard severity zones. A total of 183 flood events were remote sensing; India mapped in the basin in the last two decades. About 3.89 lakh hectares which is 29% of Kopili River Basin area is affected by floods during 1977, 1988 and 1998–2015. The flood hazard zonation frequency is determined treating each village as minimum unit of entity and based on the number of times affected by flood events in a given year. About 742 villages are categorized as very low to low and 396 villages fall in moderate flood hazard zone and more than 150 villages are categorized between high to very high flood hazard zones. Introduction Flood is one of the worst natural disasters affecting the socio-economic life of millions of people every year. More than one-third of the earth’s surface, inhabited by over 82% of the world’s popula- tion, was affected by floods during 1985–2003 (World Bank 2005). India’s high risk and vulnerabil- ity is due to its unique geographical setting, climate, topography and population. Floods have been causing huge losses to lives, properties, livelihood systems, infrastructure and public utilities (NDMA 2008). According to National Flood Commission, out of a total geographical area (TGA) of 329 million hectares about 40 million hectares is prone to floods. On an average, loss to life is about 1590 and loss in financial terms is 13,000 million. (Gopalakrishnan 2002) The most flood prone areas in India are Brahmaputra, Ganga and Meghana River Basins which carry about 60% of total Indian river flow. Brahmaputra valley is variably inundated by the floods of Brahmaputra River and its tributaries. The highly braided Brahmaputra River is both snowfed and rainfed river and has continuous flow throughout the year. The river experiences highest water levels and strongest flows in the summer monsoon season (Rakhecha 2000). The occurrences of fre- quent floods in the Brahmaputra valley are attributed to a host of interrelated factors of natural, hydro-meteorological and anthropogenic origin (V P Singh et al. 2004). More than 40% of its land surface is susceptible to flood damage, the total flood prone area in the Brahmaputra valley is about 3.2 million hectares (Goswami et al. 2001). High intensity rainfall along the foothills bordering the CONTACT Shivaprasad Sharma Sv [email protected] © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. GEOMATICS, NATURAL HAZARDS AND RISK 793 valley in a very short period of time and peaking of tributaries at the confluences eventually give rise to high flood levels of Brahmaputra. The flooding of tributaries also aggravates the overall flood situ- ation in the valley. The river receives innumerable tributaries flowing down the northern, north-eastern and south- ern hill ranges. Kopili River is one of the ten principal south bank tributaries of river Brahmaputra (Singh et al. 2004).The inadequate drainage carrying capacity of the tributaries compounded by evacuation of rain water and as well as spills of sub-tributaries further worsens the flood situation. These severe cases of riverine flooding caused by variety of reasons calls for a flood management/ flood controlling measures in the valley. The need for frequent monitoring and mapping of flood disasters requires a satellite based remote sensing approach. Satellite remote sensing has the capabil- ity to capture flood disaster footprints with reasonably higher accuracy. Earlier studies conducted in various parts of globe suggest the fact that satellite images are rich source of information which can capture flood disaster events for assessing the disaster impact and taking up flood mitigation activi- ties (Islam & Sado 2000; Sanyal & Lu 2006; Bhatt et al. 2013; Bhatt & Rao 2016). Satellite remote sensing systems from their vantage position have unambiguously demonstrated their capability in providing vital information and services for disaster management (Rao UR 1994). Flood hazard zonation (FHZ) mapping is a necessary and handy non-structural pre-requisite for prioritizing land use practices and planning better flood mitigation activities. It gives us the inven- tory of severity of events and their flood patterns to understand the geomorphological conditions of the basin. Conventionally hazard zonation mapping is envisaged using variety of information such as ground truth, soil characteristics, hydrological and hydraulic information coupled with flood depth information derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM). These parameters are very exhaustive and time-consuming and may not be readily available (Sinha et al. 2008). There are various techniques being used to derive FHZ. (Diakakis 2011) compiled a flood hazard map based on the peak flow rates derived from instantaneous unit hydrographs for two catchments in Greece across each basin. Rahman et al. 2007 have generated FHZ map for Bogra district of Bangladesh using Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) approach. The present paper is an attempt to generate a village-wise FHZ map by integrating the historic annual flood inundation layers captured from multi-temporal satellite data-sets taking village as a stratum. Environmental setting of the study area Kopili Basin has a total geographical area (TGA) of about 1,355,600 hectares. It is located between 91–93o E long. and 25–27oN lat. (Figure 1). Kopili River is one of the principal south bank tributar- ies 297 km in length contributing the flow into Brahmaputra River and it originates from the south- western slope of the Shillong Peak (Kusre et al. 2010). The elevation of the basin ranges from 74 to 1967 m (Kumar et al. 2014).The area of the basin lies between Assam and Meghalaya states and is mostly inundated by frequent floods due to high precipitation and rising water levels of Kopili River and accumulation of flow in its low lying areas. The basin has a moderate and sub-humid climate with the annual rainfall of the study area ranging from 980 to 1700 mm. The average annual runoff of the basin is 600 mm approximately, more than 80% of the runoff occurs in monsoon season. The area receives its maximum rainfall during the months of June to September. Varied climatic zones are experienced owing to the study area’s differential topography. Flood problem in Kopili River Basin Kopili River Basin has a long history of flooding and it is one of the ten principal south tributaries of Brahmaputra River. The catchment is well drained by several smaller sub-tributaries like Kolong, Jamuna, Diju, Misa, Haria and Digaru.
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