DOCSLIB.ORG

Devotion and Daily Life (Fourteenth to Nineteenth Century)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Devotion and Daily Life (Fourteenth to Nineteenth Century) i Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Historia Volume 58, Special Issue, December 2013 On Earth and in Heaven: Devotion and Daily Life (Fourteenth to Nineteenth Century) 1 MARIA CRĂCIUN Shepherds and Flocks: Religious Practice between Ecclesiastic Priorities and Secular Needs 17 ÜNIGE BENCZE The Monastery of Cârţa: Between the Cistercian Ideal and Local Realities 31 RADU LUPESCU Lay and Ecclestiastic in the Heraldic Representation on the Matthias Loggia in Hunedoara Castle 49 ANCA GOGÂLTAN The Self: Religious and Noble Identity in Late Medieval Transylvania 78 MÁRIA LUPESCU MAKÓ The Transylvanian Nobles: Between Heavenly and Earthly Interests in the Middle Ages 107 CIPRIAN FIREA “Donatio pro memoria”: Lay and Female Donors and their Remembrance in Late Medieval Transylvania. Research on Visual and Documentary Evidence ii Contents 136 CARMEN FLOREA Civic Control of Sainthood in Late Medieval Transylvania 156 MARIA CRĂCIUN Communities of Devotion: the Saxons in Early Modern Transylvania 196 ELENA FIREA Seventeenth Century Miracles of St. John the New and Their Impact on His Cult in Early-Modern Moldavia 230 OVIDIU GHITTA The Greek-Catholic Church from Transylvania and the Traditional Popular Religiosity 245 DIANA COVACI The Story of Dumitru and Elenuţa: A Transylvanian Romance in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century 1 Shepherds and Flocks: Religious Practice between Ecclesiastic Priorities and Secular Needs* Maria Crăciun Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca The project Beyond the Norms: Religious Practice in Late Medieval and Early Modern Transylvania has set out to explore the construction of religious/ confessional identity in the late medieval and early modern period with a focus on lay involvement in this process. The project thus wished to assess changes in religious practice shaped by secular agency in response to the norms set up by the church/churches. However, by taking a closer look at the changes in ecclesiastical prescriptions, both during the late Middle Ages and after the Reformation, this investigation has also considered the possibility of secular impact on the development of church norms. The project has consequently emphasized the role of the two-way communication between the clergy and secular society. It has addressed such issues as the place of religion in society, the strength of habit in religious practice and the power of allegiance to a confessional community. The project has consequently aimed to look at religious life in late medieval and early modern Transylvania from below, particularly and when possible from the perspective of the laity. On the one hand this research has been stimulated by developments in existing scholarship which has increasingly dealt with religious feeling and the practicalities of worship.1 Moreover, the state of the art in existing local scholarship, focused particularly on ecclesiastical institutions and interested primarily in normative documents, has also suggested the need to * This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0359, code 225/2011 1 John Bossy, Christianity in the West, 1400-1700, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985). André Vauchez, Les laïcs au Moyen Age. Pratiques et experiences religieuses, (CERF, 1987). Miri Rubin, Corpus Christi. The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991). Eamon Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars. Traditional Religion in England c. 1400-c. 1580 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992). Robert Swanson, Catholic England: faith, religion, and observance before the Reformation (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993). R. N. Swanson, Religion and Devotion in Europe c.1215- c.1515. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995). Beat Kümin, The shaping of a community: the rise and reformation of the English parish, c. 1400-1560, (Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1996). Andrew Pettegree, Reformation and the Culture of Persuasion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005). Sara Nalle, God in la Mancha: Religion, Reform and the People of Cuenca 1500-1550 (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). 2 Shepherds and Flocks look beyond the norms at actual religious practices and the construction of religious/confessional identity.2 The contributors to this collection of studies hosted by the journal Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai. Historia, are members of the research team involved in this project or have closely cooperated with it at various stages of the process. They have thus chosen research topics that fit into the purposes outlined by the project and within its conceptual and methodological framework providing common ground and contributing to the coherence of the volume. Reflecting the overall focus of the project, the essays in this collection deal with the complex interactions between clergy and laity (as highlighted by the essays signed by Carmen Florea, Maria Crăciun, Elena Firea, Ünige Bencze, Ovidiu Ghitta and Diana Covaci). In an effort to explore the religious beliefs and practices of the laity, several studies, such as those of Anca Gogâltan, Mária Lupescu Makó, Ciprian Firea and Radu Lupescu deal with specific social groups, particularly with the nobility. Moreover, a true view at grass-roots’ level is brought by Diana Covaci’s exploration of a small mining community in the second half of the nineteenth century. Whether analyzing public manifestations of religiosity and the magistracy’s tendency to control religious life in the urban parish churches (Carmen Florea), examining participation in public worship (Maria Crăciun), or the development of a cult (Elena Firea) the studies in this collection highlight the process of negotiation between clergy and laity concerning norms and their implementation, the interplay between ecclesiastic priorities and secular needs. Moreover, the essays in this volume approach subjects that have previously been very little explored in local historiography. For example Anca Gogâltan places the self at the centre of her analysis, while Ciprian Firea articulates his argument around memoria (a topic previously visited by Carmen Florea)3 and examines the strategies of 2 Lajos Pásztor, A magyarsság vallásosélete a Jagellok korában (Budapest: 1940). Elemér Mályusz, Egyháazi társadalom a középkori Magyarországon (Budapest: 1971). Sándor Bálint, Ünnepi kalendárium. A Mária-ünnepek és jelesebb napok hazai és közép-európai hagyományvilágából (Budapest: 1977). András Mező, A templomcím a magyar helységnevekben 11.-15. század (Budapest: 1996). Beatrix Romhanyi. Kolostorok és társaskáptalanak a középkori Magyarországon. Katalogus, (Budapest: 2000). József Laszlovszky, Zsolt Hunyadi (eds.), The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontiers of Medieval Latin Christianity (Budapest: CEU Press, Medievalia 1 2001); Marie Madeleine de Cevins, L'église dans les villes hongroises à la fin du moyen age, vers 1320-vers 1490, (Budapest: Institut hongrois de Paris, 2003). 3 Carmen Florea, ‘The Construction of Memory and the Display of Social Bonds in the Life of Corpus Christi Fraternity from Sibiu (Hermannstadt, Nagyszeben)’ in Lucie Doležalova (ed.), The Making of Memory in the Middle Ages (Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2009), pp. 283-309. Maria Crăciun 3 Transylvanian men and women to ensure remembrance. Commemorative strategies are also a subject approached by Mária Lupescu Makó who, by looking at last wills and pious donations explores attempts to perpetuate presence, name and prestige beyond the threshold of death. The chosen topics bring forth important and often previously unexplored issues. One such issue is that of religious/confessional identity present in the essays signed by Maria Crăciun, Ovidiu Ghitta and Carmen Florea. While Ovidiu Ghitta’s study deals with the identity of the Greek- Catholic Church and its relation with its eastern heritage, Maria Crăciun examines the connection between religious practice and a specific (Lutheran) confessional identity and attempts to establish whether the Saxons had developed a distinct devotional behaviour when compared to other confessional communities. On the other hand, the issue of civic religion addressed by Carmen Florea brings to the fore questions related to the spiritual identity of urban communities. Hierarchically, the parish churches were affiliated to the bishopric of Transylvania and to the archbishopric of Esztergom but they were also patronized by the secular authority of the towns. Thus, the urban community of faithful was required to live its religious experience within this framework. Their specific spirituality, which included devotion to the dedicatee of the parish church, also became a matter of civic identity and of civic pride. Thus, the cult of saints (their individual or collective veneration) was also subject to negotiation between the clergy and the laity. This leads one to consider the main issue approached in this volume, that of religious practice and its deviation from the norm. This issue is highlighted by all the essays in this collection. By looking at a specific source, Petru Pavel Aaron’s The Pastoral Duty, Ovidiu Ghitta analyzes the clergy’s view of popular religiosity and its intention to reform religious practices while Diana Covaci explores the functioning of ecclesiastical norms related to marriage at parish level. Maria Crăciun on the other hand examines the role of a middling social group in appropriating and disseminating Protestant ideas and the mechanisms
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Greek-Catholic Discourse of Identity in the Inter-War Period: the Relation Between the Nation and People’S Religious Confession
    The Greek-Catholic Discourse of Identity in the Inter-War Period: The Relation between the Nation and People’s Religious Confession Ciprian Ghişa ”Babeş-Bolyai” University Abstract: The Greek-Catholic Discourse of Identity in the Inter-War Period: The Relation between the Nation and People’s Religious Confession. This paper aims to analyze the question of the confessional identity, focusing on one of its main constitutive elements: the relation between the nation and people’s religious confession. The national identity and the confessional one have numerous common characteristics, influencing each other more or less depending on the historical evolution of events. These aspects are more profound in a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-confessional environment, as otherness is one of the strongest factors that defines and strengthens the confessional as well as the national identity. This was also the case of the Greek- Catholic Church in Romania, in the inter-war period, taking into consideration its new status after the Union of 1918: a minority church in a country with an Orthodox majority. Its relation of otherness with the Romanian Orthodox Church also influenced its relation with the state and therefore it determined also the structure and the intensity of its discourse of identity. Among the most important themes of this discourse we can mention: the Greek-Catholic Church is the church of the forefathers; this Church, its faith and its believers are Romanian; the Union with Rome brought the Romanian people a lot of benefices
    [Show full text]
  • University of Alberta
    University of Alberta Making Magyars, Creating Hungary: András Fáy, István Bezerédj and Ödön Beöthy’s Reform-Era Contributions to the Development of Hungarian Civil Society by Eva Margaret Bodnar A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Department of History and Classics © Eva Margaret Bodnar Spring 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Abstract The relationship between magyarization and Hungarian civil society during the reform era of Hungarian history (1790-1848) is the subject of this dissertation. This thesis examines the cultural and political activities of three liberal oppositional nobles: András Fáy (1786-1864), István Bezerédj (1796-1856) and Ödön Beöthy (1796-1854). These three men were chosen as the basis of this study because of their commitment to a two- pronged approach to politics: they advocated greater cultural magyarization in the multiethnic Hungarian Kingdom and campaigned to extend the protection of the Hungarian constitution to segments of the non-aristocratic portion of the Hungarian population.
    [Show full text]
  • 75-92 Groza Et Alii.4
    Astra Salvensis, an VI, numãr 11, 2018 A HIERARCH AND HIS AGE. THE LIFE AND THE ACTIVITY OF BISHOP VASILE MOGA (1774-1845) AS REFLECTED IN THE ROMANIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY Mihai-Octavian Groza, Iuliu-Marius Morariu, Diana-Maria Dãian ,,Babeş-Bolyai” University Cluj-Napoca, Romania Abstract: The life and the activity of bishop Vasile Moga (1774-1845) were briefly analysed in the Romanian historiography both because of the absence of some systematic researches on the archivist material existing in Romania and abroad and also due to the rich activity developed by his successor, the bishop and afterwards archbishop and metropolitan Andrei, baron of Şaguna. His figure was analysed after his contribution to the development of the Romanian education, to the improvement of the moral-religious life of the eparchy, to the national-political fight of the Transylvanian Romanians and less after his contributions to the institutional realities, the organization of the bishopric, the relation with the archpriestships and the eparchies, constituting a lack of the historiography that remains to be solved. We will aim through our study, based on the analysis of the Romanian writings dedicated to the life and the activity of bishop Vasile Moga, at capturing the main phases and research directions as well as its significations hoping that this modest study will focus the attention of the historians and theologians in order to make this honest hierarch, unduly marginalized come into prominence. The historiographical passages referring to bishop Vasile Moga‟s life and activity demonstrated the fact that over time he was an ,,aggrieved” of the historical writing compared to his successor, Andrei Şaguna.
    [Show full text]
  • Alice Voinescu – Teritoriul Jurnalului Intim
    JOURNAL OF ROMANIAN LITERARY STUDIES Issue no. 10/2017 Alice Voinescu – teritoriul jurnalului intim Amalia Drăgulănescu, cercetător științific grad III, Institutul de Filologie Română ,,A. Philippide”, Filiala din Iași a Academiei Române As Tolstoy was preaching a kind of theory of everything in his own diary, the writer Alice Voinescu dedicates hundreds of pages to her autobiographical writing which are overwhelming for the reader, in fact there are only a few fragments of a life subjected to fate. Comprising brief or panoramic sociological considerations or notations somewhat sentimental about couple relationships, or most of ten designed considerations of the self, the Diary becomes a three-dimensional perspective on that period of time. Although extremely like a mosaic, as any autobiographical volume, however it decants some coordinates that relate to their own character and personality traits, to the complicated relationship with her husband, or others, or to the embracing idea of divinity. It seems that Alice Voinescu’s diary conveys little emotion to the readers; however, the calculated appearance does not fully cancel the thrilling experiences, showing the strength of the reader’s transposition in the inter-war period. Not only through memories has the writer indulged a sort of addiction to the past, although she has a subtle representation of the times, and especially a fantastic intuition of the following periods of distress. However, the writer tries to follow a self-discipline, too complex for the society in which she lives, and the pages of the journal prove this. Egocentrism is another defining feature for the diaristic portrait, sketched by others, but also as a self-portrait, referring to the positive assertion of individualism and a variety of hidden misanthropy, under different masks of sociability.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hungarian Historical Review
    Hungarian Historical Review 5, no. 1 (2016): 5–21 Martyn Rady Nonnisi in sensu legum? Decree and Rendelet in Hungary (1790–1914) The Hungarian “constitution” was never balanced, for its sovereigns possessed a supervisory jurisdiction that permitted them to legislate by decree, mainly by using patents and rescripts. Although the right to proceed by decree was seldom abused by Hungary’s Habsburg rulers, it permitted the monarch on occasion to impose reforms in defiance of the Diet. Attempts undertaken in the early 1790s to hem in the ruler’s power by making the written law both fixed and comprehensive were unsuccessful. After 1867, the right to legislate by decree was assumed by Hungary’s government, and ministerial decree or “rendelet” was used as a substitute for parliamentary legislation. Not only could rendelets be used to fill in gaps in parliamentary legislation, they could also be used to bypass parliament and even to countermand parliamentary acts, sometimes at the expense of individual rights. The tendency remains in Hungary for its governments to use discretionary administrative instruments as a substitute for parliamentary legislation. Keywords: constitution, decree, patent, rendelet, legislation, Diet, Parliament In 1792, the Transylvanian Diet opened in the assembly rooms of Kolozsvár (today Cluj, Romania) with a trio, sung by the three graces, each of whom embodied one of the three powers identified by Montesquieu as contributing to a balanced constitution.1 The Hungarian constitution, however, was never balanced. The power attached to the executive was always the greatest. Attempts to hem in the executive, however, proved unsuccessful. During the later nineteenth century, the legislature surrendered to ministers a large share of its legislative capacity, with the consequence that ministerial decree or rendelet often took the place of statute law.
    [Show full text]
  • Separate but Equal: Cistercian Lay Brothers 1120-1350
    All content available from the Liturgical Press website is protected by copyright and is owned or controlled by Liturgical Press. You may print or download to a local hard disk the e-book content for your personal and non-commercial use only equal to the number of copies purchased. Each reproduction must include the title and full copyright notice as it appears in the content. UNAUTHORIZED COPYING, REPRODUCTION, REPUBLISHING, UPLOADING, DOWNLOADING, DISTRIBUTION, POSTING, TRANS- MITTING OR DUPLICATING ANY OF THE MATERIAL IS PROHIB- ITED. ISBN: 978-0-87907-747-1 CISTERCIAN STUDIES SERIES: NUMBER TWO HUNDRED FORTY-SIX Separate but Equal Cistercian Lay Brothers 1120–1350 by James France Cistercian Publications www.cistercianpublications.org LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org A Cistercian Publications title published by Liturgical Press Cistercian Publications Editorial Offices Abbey of Gethsemani 3642 Monks Road Trappist, Kentucky 40051 www.cistercianpublications.org © 2012 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, mi- crofiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or by any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, PO Box 7500, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data France, James. Separate but equal : Cistercian lay brothers, 1120-1350 / by James France. p cm. — (Cistercian studies series ; no. 246) Includes bibliographical references (p.
    [Show full text]
  • 204-772-5820 the Portuguese Newspaper 1972 ©
    2016 © NAVEGANTE CULTURAL NAVIGATOR PUBLISHING & CONSULTING www.naveganteculturalnavigator.com 204-772-5820 The Portuguese Newspaper 1972 © www.omundial.com Junho-Julho 2019 www.navegante-omundial.com Volume 1, Issue 6 Divino Espírito Santo na Imagens de Fé Divíno Espírito Santo da Photo Credits/Fotos: Paroquia da Imaculada Parte cima, página/top half of page: Tony Soares, Santissima Trindade na Conceição Fotos parte baixo, página/bottom half of page: Casa dos Açores Junho 7, 8 e 9 2019 Michel daSilva, O Mundial Junho 14, 15 e 16, 2019 Page 2 Junho-Julho 2019 www.navegante-omundial.com Volume 1, Issue 6 EDITORIAL: On Lion Hearts, Boy-Toys kind of crazy, to an academic Susan Sontag, or a Bogart, e outros, do que a maioria dos adultos qua- populist Gloria Steinem, Madonna practices fem- tro vezes da minha idade! and Lisbon’s Madame X inism in North America in a way that few women I wrote the following in a recent Facebook post, not can or do… Lady Gaga comes close, and it’s too De filmes sobre El Cid e Richard, o Coração de quite tongue-in-cheek: to my lion-heart friends out bad that there is a strange tension between them; Leão, a épicos sobre a Primeira e Segunda Guerra there: don’t ever be surprised by the status quo of that is, if you believe the press. And so, I was in- Mundial - nunca o Vietnã, no entanto, como isso bleating sheep. It is just not in their nature to work trigued when she moved to Lisbon, Portugal, after o desencadeou demais como um sobrevivente da with us.
    [Show full text]
  • A Monumental Debate in Budapest: the Hentzi Statue and the Limits of Austro-Hungarian Reconciliation, 1852–1918
    A Monumental Debate in Budapest: The Hentzi Statue and the Limits of Austro-Hungarian Reconciliation, 1852–1918 MICHAEL LAURENCE MILLER WO OF THE MOST ICONIC PHOTOS of the 1956 Hungarian revolution involve a colossal statue of Stalin, erected in 1951 and toppled on the first day of the anti-Soviet uprising. TOne of these pictures shows Stalin’s decapitated head, abandoned in the street as curious pedestrians amble by. The other shows a tall stone pedestal with nothing on it but a lonely pair of bronze boots. Situated near Heroes’ Square, Hungary’s national pantheon, the Stalin statue had served as a symbol of Hungary’s subjugation to the Soviet Union; and its ceremonious and deliberate destruction provided a poignant symbol for the fall of Stalinism. Thirty-eight years before, at the beginning of an earlier Hungarian revolution, another despised statue was toppled in Budapest, also marking a break from foreign subjugation, albeit to a different power. Unlike the Stalin statue, which stood for only five years, this statue—the so-called Hentzi Monument—had been “a splinter in the eye of the [Hungarian] nation” for sixty-six years. Perceived by many Hungarians as a symbol of “national humiliation” at the hands of the Habsburgs, the Hentzi Monument remained mired in controversy from its unveiling in 1852 until its destruction in 1918. The object of street demonstrations and parliamentary disorder in 1886, 1892, 1898, and 1899, and the object of a failed “assassination” attempt in 1895, the Hentzi Monument was even implicated in the fall of a Hungarian prime minister.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduction
    CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduction..............................................................................................................6 1.1. The state – definitions – role...............................................................................10 1.2. The church – definition – role.............................................................................11 Chapter 2. The patristic theology in the relationship of the church with the state............15 2.1. Esential features...................................................................................................15 2.2. The Myth of the Good Emperor...........................................................................18 2.3. One theology, two churches as sisters..................................................................27 2.3.1. The Greek-orthodox church, sister of the Romanian Greek-Catholic united with Rome.................................................................................................27 Chapter 3. Brief presentation of the history of the churches in Europe and in the territories to study: Transylvania, Banat, Crişana and Maramureş, in one word the future Ardeal.......................................................................................................................31 3.1. The installment of the christianity and the studied areas and the adjacent ones................................................................................................................................31 3.2. The christianization of the areas
    [Show full text]
  • Revista Fundaţiilor Regale
    ANUL XIII SERIE NOUĂ MARTIE 1946 ftr 3 REVISTA FUNDAŢIILOR REGALE TUDOR ARGHEZI Versuri (481) MICHEL DARD Rolul Imaginilor In poezia modernă (485) OLIMPIA FILITTI-BORÀNESCU Aşteptarea (527) SANDA MOVILA Versuri (535) EUGEN SEIDEL Heinrich Heine, poet politic şi geniu profetic (538) JULIAN M. PETER Mitologia constituţională (559) PUNCTE DE VEDERE AL. ROSETTI, Diverse (I. V. Stalin), 569; PERPESSICIUS Turnai de lector ( Pre/a(a din umbra), 571. COMENTARII CRlllCE Perpessicius, Menţiuni critice (Un rapsod al pământului şi al sufle­ tului românesc: Emanoil Bucuţa), 573; Pompiliu Constantinescu, Romantismul românesc, 5X0 ; Şcrl/an Cioculescu, Aspecte epice contemporane (< Unde începe noaptea » de Sergiu Dan), 586 ; Vladimir Streinii, Cronologia vrsului liber francez, 589 ; Petru Comarnescu, Walt Whitman şi revoluţionarea poeziei moderne, 603. CRONICI Douăzeci <le ani delà moartea lui Scrghei Esenin, de Sorana Gurian, CfilS) ; Beaumarchais, dramaturg al poporului, de Sanda Popescu, — {.frTTŢ; Erskine Caldwell, de Pericle Martinescu, (630); Romancierul Henry James, de Adina Arsenescu-Iamandi, (637); Maurice Na- deau: Histoire du Surréalisme, de ViroiI feronca, (641). LUMEA DE AZI « Ultima oră • la Studio, de Alice Voinescu, (649) ; Legislaţia română de drept privat a anului 1945, II, de Lazăr Focşăneanu (652) ; Con­ ferinţa mondială a tineretului, de Călin Poporici, (657). RECENZII PRESA MONDIALA I.omână — Sovietică — Americană — Engleză — Elveţiană. ANIVERSARI Marx — Stendhal NOTE Inocenţa morţilor, de Tudor Arghezi ; Botanica şi Niculae Grigorcscu, 3é ' Perpessicius ; Toscanini In Manhatan, Philipps Oppenheim, Un scriitor, Un om, de N. Steinhardt ; Ari­ stide Briand, de Alexandru Daciu ; Creaţie—nu teorie, Concurenţă şl imponderabile întâlnire, de Dan Pelraşincu ; Problemele de bază ale Teatrului românesc, Ţâri mari- ţări mici, A fi contemporan, « A face pe nebunul •, Moartea lui Harry Hopkins, de Petru Comarnescu; Simfonia lui Andricu, Transfigurări, Un Marivaux modern, de Ocidiu Con­ stantinescu.
    [Show full text]
  • Colleague, Critic, and Sometime Counselor to Thomas Becket
    JOHN OF SALISBURY: COLLEAGUE, CRITIC, AND SOMETIME COUNSELOR TO THOMAS BECKET By L. Susan Carter A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History–Doctor of Philosophy 2021 ABSTRACT JOHN OF SALISBURY: COLLEAGUE, CRITIC, AND SOMETIME COUNSELOR TO THOMAS BECKET By L. Susan Carter John of Salisbury was one of the best educated men in the mid-twelfth century. The beneficiary of twelve years of study in Paris under the tutelage of Peter Abelard and other scholars, John flourished alongside Thomas Becket in the Canterbury curia of Archbishop Theobald. There, his skills as a writer were of great value. Having lived through the Anarchy of King Stephen, he was a fierce advocate for the liberty of the English Church. Not surprisingly, John became caught up in the controversy between King Henry II and Thomas Becket, Henry’s former chancellor and successor to Theobald as archbishop of Canterbury. Prior to their shared time in exile, from 1164-1170, John had written three treatises with concern for royal court follies, royal pressures on the Church, and the danger of tyrants at the core of the Entheticus de dogmate philosophorum , the Metalogicon , and the Policraticus. John dedicated these works to Becket. The question emerges: how effective was John through dedicated treatises and his letters to Becket in guiding Becket’s attitudes and behavior regarding Church liberty? By means of contemporary communication theory an examination of John’s writings and letters directed to Becket creates a new vista on the relationship between John and Becket—and the impact of John on this martyred archbishop.
    [Show full text]
  • Universitatea „1 Decembrie 1918” Alba Iulia Facultatea De Istorie Şi Filologie
    UNIVERSITATEA „1 DECEMBRIE 1918” ALBA IULIA FACULTATEA DE ISTORIE ŞI FILOLOGIE IMPLICARE ŞI ACŢIUNE CULTURALĂ LA ROMÂNII ARDELENI ÎN SECOLUL AL XVIII-LEA: GRIGORE MAIOR (1715-1785) TEZĂ DE DOCTORAT Conducător ştiinţific: Prof. univ. dr. Iacob MÂRZA Doctorand: Cristian BARTA ALBA IULIA 2012 CUPRINS ARGUMENT Importanţa şi scopul cercetării Metoda de lucru şi structura lucrării Stadiul cercetărilor Capitolul I Coordonate ale vieţii politice la românii ardeleni în veacul Luminilor: de la Inochentie Micu Klein la Grigore Maior I.1. Contextul politic european I.2. Relaţiile Pontifilor Romani cu Curtea vieneză I.2.1. Poziţia Sfântului Scaun în contextul politic european din secolul al XVIII-lea I.2.2. Raporturile Sfântului Scaun cu Imperiul Habsburgic în timpul reformismului terezian şi iosefin I.2.2.1. Relaţiile Sfântului Scaun cu Împărăteasa Maria Tereza I.2.2.2. Relaţiile Sfântului Scaun cu Împăratul Iosif al II-lea I.2. Contextul politic şi administrativ transilvănean I.2.1. Naţiuni şi religii recepte I.3.2. Evoluţia instituţiilor politico-administrative centrale şi transilvănene în secolul al XVIII-lea I.3.2.1. La nivel central I.3.2.2. Instituţiile politico-administrative transilvănene Capitolul II Relaţiile episcopului Grigore Maior cu autorităţile transilvănene, habsburgice şi romane (1764-1782) II.1. Raporturile lui Grigore Maior cu autorităţile transilvănene, habsburgice şi romane înainte de episcopat II.1.1. Perioada studiilor la Roma II.1.2. În calitate de susţinător al episcopului Inochentie Micu Klein II.1.3 În raportul cu Petru Pavel Aron II.1.4. Pe fondul opoziţiei faţă de candidatura lui Atanasie Rednic II.2. Alegerea şi numirea ca episcop II.2.1 Dosarul lui Grigore Maior II.2.1.1 Metodologia întocmirii Dosarului II.2.1.2 Profilul uman, moral, spiritual şi intelectual al candidatului Grigore Maior II.2.1.3 Aspecte ecleziastice şi identitare II.3.
    [Show full text]