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This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright. doi: 10.1111/jpy.12860 lead to differences between this version and the throughbeen the copyediting, pagination typesetting, which process, may and proofreading hasThis article been accepted publicationfor andundergone peerfull but review not has Letter : Article type DR. PAUL GABRIELSONW. (Orcid : 0000-0001-9416-1187) ID DR. JEFFERY R HUGHEY (Orcid ID :0000-0003-4053-9150) School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd., Belfast BT9 7BL, BT9 and Rd., Belfast 97Lisburn UK Belfast, Biological University Queen’s of Sciences, School National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Mediterranean Sea Branch: Qayet-Bay, Alexandria, Alexandria, Qayet-Bay, Sea Branch: Mediterranean Fisheries, and Oceanography of Institute National University Herbarium, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, University of California, Berkeley, California, of University #2465, Building 1001 Sciences Life Valley Herbarium, University Hon. Curator, Linnean Society Herbaria, Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Museum, Cromwell History Natural Botany, of Department Linnean Herbaria, Society Curator, Hon. School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd., Belfast BT9 7BL, UK BT9 Belfast Rd., Lisburn 97 Belfast, University Sciences, Queen’s Biological of School Division of Mathematics, Science, and Engineerin Science, Mathematics, of Division Genetic analysis of the Linnaean theLinnaean of analysis Genetic specimens reveals name misapplications, unexpected origins, and new synonymies and synonymies new origins, unexpected misapplications, name reveals specimens Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Portaferry, Newtownards BT22 1PF, UK Road, London SW7 5BD, UK LondonRoad, UK SW7 5BD, Ulva California, 93901, USA 93901, California, California 94720, USA 94720, California Soha Hamdy Shabaka Soha Hamdy Shabaka Christine A. Maggs A.Maggs Christine

Jeffery R. Hughey Hughey R. Jeffery lactuca Kathy Ann Miller AnnMiller Kathy Frédéric Mineur Mineur Frédéric Charlie Jarvis Jarvis Charlie Egypt (, ) holotype and related type related holotype and Chlorophyta) (Ulvales,

Version of Record. Please Version as this cite of Record. article g, College, Hartnell 411 Central Ave., Salinas, provided byBournemouthUniversityResearchOnline brought toyouby CORE Accepted Article stipitata applying method to for names with fenestrata that indicate analyses that the holotype of specimen whichthename species temperate to the cold in identical holotype, the This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright. of species distributed broadly Among isthe 2007). these (Jarvis andplants major and all medicinal crop of ornamental many plants names are in those The plant legitimate Jarvisoldest 2007). 1957, a Latinspecies name,(Stearn genus and binomial the that proposed he system universal the was achievement significant most His nomenclature. taxonomic modern of founder the was Linnaeus (1707-1778) Carl Abbreviations: Key words: index biogeography, wereperformed the on name the usage of Current Abstract RunningGenetic title: analysisof Linnaean characters (Gayral 1959). 1959). characters (Gayral of species because problematic is identification However, globally. has and Gardner 1920) expanded (Setchell number shape, and pyrenoid and number shape, thallus of characters morpho-anatomical the on based distribution, reported its †Corresponding author: J.R.H. ([email protected]) J.R.H. author: ([email protected]) †Corresponding Herbarium and Biology Department, Coker Hall, CB 3280, University of North Carolina - Chapel Carolina North CB University of 3280, Hall, Coker Department, and Biology Herbarium U. stipitata U. Ulva is the earliest name for northern hemisphere, cold temperate Atlantic and Pacific species, species, Pacific and temperate cold Atlantic hemisphere, northern name for earliest is the ; rbc

the generitype species, species, the generitype U. L sequence to the Lthe to sequence tuf a junior synonym. DNA sequences from type specimens provide an unequivocal an provide typespecimens from sequences synonym. DNA a junior A, Elongation factor Tu factor Elongation A, Species Plantarum Species U. fasciata lectotype,and the U. lactuca U. Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, USA 27599-3280, Carolina North Chapel Hill, Hill, Ulva Ulva Ulva U. lactuca U. Ulva and and U. fasciata Linnaean the holotype, species. species. in the world (Guiry and Guiry 2018). For two and a half centuries, centuries, ahalf For two and 2018). Guiry and (Guiry world the in U rbc . U. lobata U. (Linnaeus 1753), with some 5,900 species, including the names names the including species, 5,900 some with 1753), (Linnaeus lactuca , the generitype of L, came from the Indo-Pacific rather than northern . Our Paul W.Paul Gabrielson U. stipitata U. Ulva fasciata, Ulva fenestrata epitype, awarm temperate to tropical species, rather than U. lactuca (sealettuce), are heterotypic synonyms of synonyms of are heterotypic Ulva Ulva show a high degree of plasticity in these in plasticity of degree a high show lectotype. The The lectotype.

designated every living plant and animal with and animalwith every plant living designated has generally been applied. We hypothesize Weapplied. hypothesize been has generally U. fasciata Ulva

is themost and studied extensively , remains uncertain. Genetic analyses U. lactuca U. epitype, the epitype, , U. lactuca U. Ulva lobata holotype is nearly U. fenestrata U. . Ulva , Ulva Ulva

Accepted Article sequences with with sequences and theBayesian four type of analyses Maximum lectotype S1). (Appendix likelihood and byagainst mapping 2015), al. and reads contigs MEGAHIT Waltham, et MA, and a USA), CLC(Li bio, QIAGEN Company, (®2016 8.5 Workbench de inCLC settings mappingnovo Genomics thedefault and methods, assembled using de novo of genomes Organellar GA,USA). LLC (Alpharetta, by performed myGenomics, were and sequencing construction library TAE. Thepaired-end µL 40 min in 7 for incubation at 4,000 stepwascentrifuged binding the except that distinct ' distinct under synonymy Names placed into unknown. sequences and the complete plastid genome and nearly complete mitogenome for the complete for genomemitogenome andnearly plastid andthe sequences complete the sequencing of High-throughput to 435 bp. S1). 2018 (Appendix al. et Gabrielson in described methods previous using and visualized andanalyzed, aligned, Information) the S1 GenBank Supporting (Table in Representative and NCBI ORFfinder. Blastx with manually annotated were Genomes Zealand). New Auckland, Limited, (Biomatters R8 al. et Lindstrom following size mm in x 5 5 approximately lobata DNA the from et byShimada al. PCR(2003). published methods andthe UK), Ltd., (Qiagen Crawley, instructions the Kit manufacturer’s following Mini DNeasy Plant called specimens contemporary and DNA from Genetic analyses were carried out on: the on: carried of holotype were out Geneticanalyses fasciata theholotype and of of geneticthe Currently, origin identity Waaland 2004). Hayden clades 1999, et al. distinct several (Tan ' that showed world the around from collected specimens contemporary using Analyses phylogenetics. perplexing inthe age molecular of that probable the holotype was of typical not that concluded Papenfuss upthemiddle...". astripe darkish had sometimes narrow, It was fairly teeth. large quite theedge was the lower with ... of frond dentate part a central from radiating "many fronds writing water, in after re-suspension Information) S1in Fig. #5; specimen Supporting 1275-24 the (LINN specimen theholotype of observations Chamberlain’s publishedYvonne He (1960). Papenfuss This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright. The 100bp. eachapproximately S1 (Appendix Information), the Supporting in the of segments short four targeting using primers Belfast University Queen’s at performed short of and sequencing Amplifications (1987). Doyle and Doyle from lactuca the from DNA relationships. taxonomic their determine to Information) Supporting the in S6 BM013734109; Fig. distribuit Characeis quas adjectis exsiccatae Scandinavicae Algae Areschoug's lectotype of lobata Kamchatka,Russia; Fig. S4in the Supporting Information); the lectotypeof the Information); Supporting holotype of Fig. S3 the in Egypt]; Alexandria, DelileNew Port, PC[type297 1813: 0119343, locality: herein: lectotype and the and lectotype the Kützing 1847: 54, Fig. 54, type 1847: Kützing Chile; and S5 locality: in thethe Supporting Information); (UC 2050475;Fig. the S2 lectotype that supports (designated the Supportingin Information) holotype was extracted at the Royal Botanic atthe Ga Botanic extracted Royal holotype was rbc Thefirst authorto question the identification of the typespecimen of U. lactuca U. L genesequences from the U. stipitata stipitata U. U. lactuca U. Ulva ' genetic clades require investigation. investigation. require clades 'genetic spp. from around the world resolved the the resolved world the around from spp. came from the Swedish coast. west of The identity Areschoug 1850: 411 (type locality: Bohuslän, Sweden, designated herein: herein: Sweden, designated Areschoug Bohuslän, (type 411 locality: 1850: U. fasciata U. lactuca U. epitype were extracted at Hartnell College from fragments Collegefragments from at extracted Hartnell epitype were Ulva lactuca' U. lactuca U. U. fenestrata fenestrata U. from Europe. Bliding (1968) disagreed, stating that it was it that stating disagreed, (1968) Bliding Europe. from U. fenestrata U. fenestrata U. lactuca U. and Waaland 2002, Shimada et al. 2003, Shimada and Haydenet al. 2002, 2003, and Waaland U. lactuca U. rbc holotype andthe holotype was polyphyletic, with waspolyphyletic, with specimens segregating into L gene sequences were downloaded from from downloaded were L genesequences Ulva g for 3 min and the DNA was eluted after and after 3min eluted DNA wasfor the (Postels and Ruprecht 1840: 21, type locality: locality: type 21, 1840: Ruprecht and (Postels rdens, Kew using a CTAB protocol modified modified protocol CTAB a using Kew rdens, and the nomenclatural identities of the of identities nomenclatural and the spp. published in GenBank with Geneious Geneious inGenBank with spp. published and and

(2011) and Hughey and Gabrielson (2012), (2012), Gabrielson Hughey and and (2011) holotype yielded complete U. lactuca U. U. lactuca lactuca U. U. fasciata U. fenestrata U. stipitata rbc holotype in a holotype well-supported (Fig. S1); the epitype of were isolated using were the isolated L gene amplicons were U. lactucaU. U. lactuca U. U. lobata Ulva lactuca Ulva lectotype each aligned aligned each lectotype holotype,the U. stipitata U. lobata U. lobata (= (= became more more became rbc remain rbc Phycoseris Phycoseris L gene L gene L and L and was lectotype lectotype were were rbc U. U. U. U.

L gene L gene tuf U. A Accepted Article Waaland 2002, 2004, Saunders and Kucera 2010) are Saunders 2010) and 2004, WaalandKucera 2002, ' as reported Specimens toNew introduced Zealand. Pacific Oceanare 2003) al. (Shimada et northwestern and Saunders 2010), and Kucera 2004, Waaland and (Hayden Ocean,Atlantic northeastern lactuca to centuries (Hughey et al. 2014, Gabrielson et al. 2018). Finally, we recommend caution when caution we Finally, recommend et 2018). al. Gabrielson 2014, (Hughey etal. to centuries decades for phycologists confounded have that problems species resolve definitively can sequencing required for material thattheof amounts small very this demonstrating approach, results justify our bycurators, some is prohibited type specimens, particular andin specimens, herbarium sampling of destructive Although genomic questions. and biogeographic phylogenetic, to address taxonomic, and This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright. of type specimens that show These results as' have world that been identified Canada, Santo Simeon, California, USA. The correctname for specimens from other parts of the fenestrata and subtropics the showthat sequences European as typical Atlantic identified north Ocean previously as Pacific Ocean identified previously north the from specimens cladewith afully-supported in positioned and identical were lectotype Lanka.Caledonia from Sri andtheother New two bysequencesone from inthe phylogram, other 1bpfrom holotypediffered sequence as identified specimens epitype andother the with clade western Mediterranean (Miladi et et 2018).al. (Miladi Mediterranean western and impacts, haveanthropogenic as introductions both recent may represent sitesinItaly The two Sea. (Italy) Mediterranean and western Israel) (Egypt, Ocean Atlantic USA) eastern and the (Florida, and western (Azores) eastern temperate Ocean, warm temperatesoutheast (Chile, Peru), southwest(), and northwestKorea, (South Japan) Pacific and USA) (Hawai'i, central Ocean, Indian (India) and northern (Australia) istheeastern Information), of distribution current a The list). for 1912 Jackson discovery (see and scientific exploration of early in voyages participated who students and colleagues many Linnaeus's by the of one in Indo-Pacific specimen collected was lactuca the and name and specimen, type concept of Linnaeus’ species origin probable the Sweden was that of the Europae" in "inMari account with example, for compared, of description Linnaeus’s (1753) when distribution amuch suggested wider Oceano", "in provided, Linnaeus originally information However, thegeographical a distribution. implying European European continental authors, Monterey, California, USA. ' to attributed GenBank This investigation contributes to the short list of studies analyzing DNA from type material of of typematerial studiesof DNA from list analyzing contributes short the to This investigation of species sequence data. ' the European Theseshow name thatthe oldest for data available tuf U. lactuca U. A sequences, the current distribution of distribution the current A sequences, ' from the northeastern (Loughnane et al. 2008) and northwestern (Guidone et al. 2013) (Guidone al. et 2013) and northwestern etal. (Loughnane 2008) ' the northeastern from became associated with the commonest nor with became associated Ulva and that and that U. lobata U. was common on the western coast of Sweden. Botanists subsequently assumed that subsequently Botanists Sweden. coast of western onthe was common U. lobata U. (Mares et al. 2011, Hanyuda and Kawai 2018, Hughey et al. 2018, Suzuki et al. 2018). 2018). al. et Suzuki 2018, al. et Hughey 2018, Kawai and Hanyuda 2011, al. et (Mares U. stipitata U. lactuca U. U. lobata' U. lectotype and with predominantly subtropical sequences generated from the the from generated sequences subtropical predominantly and lectotype with in the eastern Pacific Ocean (Fig. 1). We hypothesize that the holotype the that Wehypothesize 1). Ocean (Fig. Pacific eastern the in U. lactuca U. isa synonym heterotypic , confirmed by DNA sequences (Fig. 2; Table S2 in the Supporting the in S2 Table 2; (Fig. sequences byDNA confirmed , shared a clade with the shared a cladewith U. lobata U. holotype is the species currently called called currently species the is holotype U. lactuca rbc U. lactuca U. U. fasciata Ulva L sequences of the the of L sequences ' using morpho-anatomy cannot be determined without be without cannot determined ' using morpho-anatomy U. expansa U. contain valuable genetic information valuablegenetic contain information that can be used and thern European species. Our Our species. lettuce European sea thern referred to earlier accounts by British and British by accounts referred to earlier U. lobata U. from around the world (Fig. 1). from (Fig.The 1). the world around U. fenestrata U. U. expansa U. fenestrata U. lactuca U. . GenBank accessions reported as' reported accessions GenBank U. expansa U. Island, is Columbia, Vancouver British '

from the northeast Pacific (Hayden and (Hayden Pacific thenortheast from U. lactuca U. U. fenestrata U. fenestrata (Hughey et al. 2018). Based on 2018). et al. (Hughey has not been found elsewhere in the the in elsewhere found been not has U. latissima , and with specimens from the from specimens , and with ; it is likely that species this was holotype described from from described holotype Ulva lactuca Ulva . rbc U. fasciata holotype and . Linnaeus (1755) noted . Linnaeus (1755) L sequences from in the the in ' is ' is U. U. lactuca Ulva U. stipitata rbc L gene L gene U. U. rbc

L

Accepted Article This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright. type specimens of the of and sequencing DNAextraction West. Malta, and John Erik-Jan Coppejans, Eric Claude Payri, History(BM) for a fragment from the a fragment from the theloan of DNA of providing the for Kew Gardens Gardens, Botanic at FayMike thank Royal the wesincerely Thus, na apply correctly to material type of amounts small sacrificing of value the understand curators who herbarium of andassistance support Without the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS type from material. sequences by been haveconfirmed not GenBank to many accessions namesapplied since the of identification, for GenBank asa tool in those with specimens field-collected from sequences comparing

Ulva lactuca Ulva Phycoseris lobata Phycoseris U. fenestrata U. fenestrata U. ; Prud'homme van Reine, Algae Specialist at the Leiden Herbarium (L) for the the (L) Leiden at for Herbarium ; Prud'hommethe Specialist Algae van Reine, lectotype; Linda Jennings at the Beaty Biodiversity Museum (UBC) for for Museum(UBC) Biodiversity Beaty the at Linda Jennings lectotype; and holotype; andJuliet Brodie attheBritish Museum ofNatural U. lobata U. U. stipitata U. were funded by a private family trust from PWG. were funded by a family trust private lectotype. The following kindly sent us specimens: usspecimens: sent kindly The lectotype. following mes, we would just be making educated guesses. be making guesses. just educated wewould mes,

Accepted Article This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright. Hughey, J. R., Miller, K. A. & Gabrielson, P. W. 2018. Mitogenome analysis of a green tide forming of study Amolecular 2004. systematic R. J. H.S. Hayden, & Waaland, (Ulvales, Ulvaceae the of Phylogenetic systematics 2002. R. J. H.S. Hayden, & Waaland, T.Hanyuda,& Kawai, 2018. Genetic examinationH. typespecimen ofthe of Guiry, M. D.&G.Guiry, M.2018.AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National & R. J. P.W., Hughey, Gabrielson, Doyle,J. J. &Doyle, J. L. 1987.rapidDNA A procedure isolation for smallquantitiesof des planches. d'Égypte. Flore Explication R. Delile, 1813–1826. A. Bliding, C. 1968. AEuropeansurvey taxa criticalin of PartII. Ulvales, Areschoug, J. E. 1850.in Phycearum, quaeScandinaviae maribus crescunt, enumeratio. REFERENCES Guidone, M., Thornber, C., Wysor, B. & O'Kelly, C. J. 2013. Molecular and morphological diversity and morphological Molecular 2013. & J. C.,B. C. Wysor, O'Kelly, Thornber, M., Guidone, en des culture. Ulvacées sur et réflexions observations Premières P.1959. Gayral, the coral reef building alga building reef the coral fresh leaf tissue. Monostroma Sectio posterio Ulvaceas continen. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour. DNA Mitochondrial Ulva Pacific. thenortheast from sequences. DNA nuclear and using ) naturelle Histoire suggests that it thatAustralia. tosuggests wasintroduced of Narrangansettof BayUSA)(RI, 43:85 December 2018). University ofIreland, Galway. Available at: http://www.algaebase.org (last accessed 20 from California, USA confirms its identity as identity as its California,confirms USA from – 100. , . Vol. 2. Paris. Pp. 145–320 (1813). Atlas: 62 pls. (1826). (1826). pls. 62 Atlas: (1813). 145–320 Pp. Paris. 2. Vol. . Phytochem. Bull. Phytochem. Phycologia Porlithon onkodes . Bot. Not. 3:1302–3. 3:1302–3.

Diaz-Pulido, G. 2018. Genomics reveals abundant speciation in in speciation abundant Genomics G.2018. reveals Diaz-Pulido, Ulva 19:11–15. NovaActa Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 43:364–82. 43:364–82. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) populations. populations. Chlorophyta) (Ulvales, 121:535–629. (Corallinales, Rhodophyta). Rhodophyta). (Corallinales, Phycological Res. Ulva expansa Ulva J. Phycol. In In (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta).

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Accepted Article Jackson, B.Jackson, 1912. Index D. the towith Linnean indicationsHerbarium, of types the species of This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright. Linnaeus, C. 1753. Young,A., K. Miller, Silva,M., J., Rohmer, Tortolani, P. L., W., Gabrielson, J. R., Hughey, Hughey, J. R. &Gabrielson,P. 2012.W.Acquiring DNA sequence data driedfrom archival Kützing, F. T. F. 1847. Kützing, Jarvis, C. 2007. Lindstrom, S.Hughey,J. C., R. & Martone,P. T.New, 2011. resurrected and redefined D.,Li, C. M., Liu, Luo, Sadakane, R., K.& Lam, T. W. 2015. MEGAHIT: ultra-fast an geneticspecies: a critical assessment. red (Florideophyceae)algae for of purposethe Impensis Salvii. Laurentii systema sexuale digestas secundum natalibus, locis selectis, synonymis trivialibus, nominibus specificis, differentiis Phycologia species of the 124 the by Carl marked Linné. vonsupplementaForming the proceedingto society ofthe for mitochondrial genomes. mitochondrial ofspecimens D.,J. Martell, C. &Ruediger,2014.Minimally E. sampling destructivetype of Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, London, 1017 pp. Gedruckt auf kosten Gedruckt des Vol.auf I,3-5 Verfassers, fasc. pls pp.21-50. 27-36, Bruijn graph. graph. Bruijn solutionsingle-node for large and complex metagenomics assembly via succinct de th session. 1911-1912. London. Mastocarpus 50: 661 Order out of chaos. Linnaean plant names and their types. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum cum relatas, genera ad cognitas, rite plantas exhibentes plantarum, Species Pyropia Bioinformatics Tabulae phycologicae; oder, Abbildungen derTange – 83. . Vol. 2 pp. [i], 561-1200, [1-30, index], [i, err.]. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Holmiaeerr.]. [Stockholm]: [i, [1-30, index], 561-1200, 2pp. [i], . Vol. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)recoversplastid complete and (Phyllophoraceae, Rhodophyta) from (Phyllophoraceae, Rhodophyta)northeast the Pacific. Sci. Rep. 31:1674–6. 4:5113. Botany 90:1191–4. applying available names to contemporary . Nordhausen: The Linnean Accepted Article Suzuki, S., Yamaguchi, H., Hiraoka, M. & Kawachi, M. 2018. Mitochondrial and chloroplast genome and chloroplast Mitochondrial 2018. M. & Kawachi, M. Hiraoka, H., Yamaguchi, S., Suzuki, W. 1957. T. Stearn, of evaluation An H.2010. W. Kucera, G. Saunders, S. & 1840. F. &A. Ruprecht, Postels, order. the of status the and Ulvales F. the On the of 1960. G. genera Papenfuss, This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright. Tan, I. H., Blomster, J., Hansen, G.,Leskinen, E., Maggs, C. A., Mann, D.G., Sluiman, H.J. analyses phylogenetic Molecular & M. S., M. Iima, Masuda, 2003. Nabata, M., S., Shimada, Hiraoka, Setchell, W. A. &Gardner, N. L. 1920. The marine algaePacific ofthecoast of North A M. &2018. S. Morabito, Abdelkafi, G., Genovese, S.A., Minicante, A., Manghisi, R., Miladi, The European of 2011. identity J. & Blomster, O. Skacelova, M., E., Sitkowska, Leskinen, Mares, J., Morphology, D.2008. M. D.B. & Guiry, Stengel, F., L. Rindi, M., McIvor, J., Loughnane, C. Linnaeus, C. 1755. Linnaeus floating of the Japanese Japanese the of Japan. Japan. of sequences green macroalgae. the marine for barcode markers XL22 pp., pls. 56:303–18. alien overlooked and grossswitch the controlling of two morphology generaof common green , M.& Stanhope, J. 1999. Molecular phylogenetic evidence for a reversible morphogenetic DNA barcoding survey of of survey DNA barcoding morphological approach. freshwater Salvii.Laurentii pharmacopaeorum differentiis specierum, synonymis autorum, incolarum,nominibus solo locorum, usu America. Part . America. II. southern Britain. southern distromatic of and distribution phylogeny Enteromorpha Mitochondrial DNA B Resour.Mitochondrial Ulva . Ray Society, London, 176 pp. 176 London, Ray Society, . Ulva . Phycological Res. Phycological Ulva Flora suecica; exhibens plantas per regnum Sueciae crescentes, systematice cum systematice crescentes, Sueciae perregnum suecica;plantas exhibens Flora (Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae) revealed by a combined molecular by and acombined molecular revealed Ulvophyceae) (Chlorophyta, An Introduction to the Species Plantarum and cognate botanical works of Carl Carl of works botanical cognate and Plantarum Species tothe An Introduction U. ohnoi U. Phycologia . pp. i-iv, i-xxxi, 1-464, [1- 30], 1 folded plate. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Impensis [Stockholm]: Holmiae 1 folded plate. 30], [1- i-iv, i-xxxi, . pp. 1-464, and . Mol. Biol. Evol. Mol. Biol. , a green-tide-forming macroalga in the Southern coastal regions of regionsof coastal the Southern in macroalga agreen-tide-forming , Enteromorpha J. Phycol. J. . Ulva Cryptogamie Algol. Cryptogamie Illustrationes Algarum Illustrationes 47:416–29. 47:416–29. (Chlorophyta) in Tunisia and Italy reveals the presence of the the of presence the reveals Italy and Tunisia in (Chlorophyta) 51:99–108. 51:99–108. 47:1177–92. 47:1177–92. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3:765–7. 3:765–7. 16:1011–8. (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae), with special reference to the free- the to special reference with (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae), Ulva 39:85–107. 39:85–107. (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) in Ireland and and Ireland in Chlorophyta) (Ulvophyceae, Cryptogam. Algol. Cryptogam. … Eduardi Petersburg, Pratz, St. [VI+] IV + rbc L, L, tuf A, UPA, LSU and asDNA ITS LSU and A, UPA, 8: 139–374. 31:487–528. 31:487–528. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. Soc. J. Linn. rbc Ulva

L

Accepted Article This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright. construct the used specimens to for source and publication GenBank information, TABLEcollection, Voucher, S2. species. TABLE S1. Information for GenBank sequences used in the andpublicationinformation, sources for specimens used to construct this figure. DNA sequences. Refer to Table S2 for code numbers, voucher, collection, GenBank FIG. 2. Current distributions of 80% bootstrap support or less than 0.80 posterior probability. represents bootstrap support of 100% or posterior probability of 1.0. -- indicates less than supportBootstrap based on 1,000 replicates/Bayesian probabilities posterior cited atnodes. * ofmaterials of phylogram RaxML 1. FIG. font corresponds to to corresponds font genetic analysis. for specimen lectotype the from afragment obtain to unable we were PC, from loans Alexandria, on sheet NewPort, collected at were right handspecimen onsheet best PC 0119343 that matches illustration. (1826) the Delile Specimens of Image FIG. S3. A. anepitype. for need obviate the specimen that thelectotype from can be obtained DNAsequences we that hope future, anthe In of epitype. of 0119343) of Egypt) thetype collected Alexandria, (New locality at (UC 2050475) Port, epitype FIG. S2. Designated marker were sequenced. of specimen FIG. S1. Holotype Ulva fasciata Ulva fasciata Ulva lactuca Ulva lactuca tuf Ulva fasciata A sequences. A sequences. . See Table S1 for collection details. The epitype supports the lectotype (PC The(PC lectotype the epitype details. . Seesupports collection Table S1for and (see Fig. S3). The embargo on loans from PC necessitated the designation designation the PC necessitated from loans on The(see Fig. embargo S3). , Ulva fasciata Ulva fenestrata Ulva Ulva lactuca Ulva rbc Ulva lactuca from Delile (1826, Plate 58, fig. 5). lectotype Designated B. 5). is fig. (1826, from Delile 58, Plate L sequences showing evolutionary relationships of type , (LINN 1275-24, #5) from which portions of the the of portions which from #5) 1275-24, (LINN Ulva fenestrata distributional map depicted in Figure 2. Blue colored 2.Blue mapcolored Figure in depicted distributional and Egypt, the type locality. Due to embargothe on Ulva fenestrata rbc , Ulva L phylogenetic analysis of of analysis L phylogenetic

lobata based on and Ulva stipitata Ulva rbc L and L and Ulva tuf rbc A . L

Accepted Article distribuit. Characeis adjectis quas exsiccatae Scandinavicae This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright. analysis. phylogenetic APPENDIXand andthe primers S1. sequencing PCR LectotypeFIG. S6. of (BM 013734109) Harvey. of LectotypeFIG. S5. (L 0054996) and sequencing. amplification DNA extraction, for removed was fragment of holotype 5mmabout the the far from long right A sent to fragment 1976. L. Tanner in C. the from K. from (UBC holotype A57002) Vinogradova of FIG. S4. Photograph

Ulva fenestrata Phycoseris lobata holotype specimen and its label in LE a labelin specimenand fragment with along its holotype Ulva stipitata Kützing, basionym of of basionym Kützing, , #224 in Areschoug's (1864) Algae Algae (1864) Areschoug's in #224 , Ulva lobata (Kützing) Accepted Article This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright.

Accepted Article This by is protectedarticle reserved. Allrights copyright.