Status Report of Vitis germplasm in CROATIA
D. Preiner, E. Maletić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture.
1. Importance of the Viticulture in the country Total surface: 18678 ha (2010), Register of grape and wine producers. Total vineyard area: 26111 ha (2010).
2. Collections or germplasm banks for Vitis 1) Faculty of Agriculture Zagreb, experimental station Jazbina: - National collection of native grapevine V. vinifera varieties: 128 Vitis vinifera accessions of native cultivars. - Collection of introduced cultivars and clones: 93 accessions (57 V. vinifera wine cvs. Including 26 clones; 12 interspecific hybrids-wine cvs.; 24 table grape cvs.) 2) Regional (safety) collections: - Institut for Adriatic crops and carst reclamation, Split – Collection of Dalmatia region: 130 accessions of ≈ 90 V. vinifera cultivars. - Collection of native grapevine cultivars of Primorsko-Goranska county – Risika, Island of Krk: 22 native V. vinifera cvs. - Collection of native grapevine cultivars of Hrvatsko zagorje – Donja Pačetina, Krapinsko-Zagorska county: 18 accessions of native V. vinifera cvs.
3. Status of characterization of the collections In all collections characterisation (ampelographic and genetic) is in progress.
4. References of germplasm collections or databases in internet Croatian plant genetic resources database: http://cpgrd.zsr.hr/gb/fruit/
5. Main varieties in the country In 2010: Graševina B (Welschriesling) (26%) Malvazija istarska (Malvasia Istriana) B (10%) Plavac mali N (9%) Merlot N (4%) Plavina N (3%) Riesling B (3%) Cabernet Sauvignon N (3%) Chardonnay B (3%) Trbljan B (3%) Frankovka N (Blaufränkisch) (2%) Others (less than 2% each): Kujundžuša B N; Babić; Pošip B; Debit B; Moslavac (Furmint) B; Ugni blanc B; Maraština B; Teran N; Pinot blanc B; Kraljevina Rs; Grenache N; Vranac N; Traminer Rg; Sauvignon blanc B; etc.
6. Table grapes Table grapes are of minor importance in Croatia, representing about 1% of the Croatian vineyard area. Most important (and most spread)variety is Cardinal (about 60%), then Victoria (about 15%), Muscat Hamburg (about 10%), Chasselas blanc (5%), others (Matilde, Prima…).
7. Selection or breeding programmes in course Faculty of Agriculture carries out a small scale breeding program for qualitative and resistance improvement of native genetic resources.
8. Clonal selection status Programs of clonal selection of 13 most important native cultivars are in progress. They are conducted by Faculty of Agriculture Zagreb. In the next few years the first clones will be available for market.
9. Catalogue or reliable publication with a list of the confirmed synonymies In progress
10. Number (or list) of endangered cultivars See paragraph 17 below.
11. Main international varieties cultivated In 2010: Graševina (Welschriesling) (26%) Merlot (4%) Cabernet Sauvignon(3%) Chardonnay (3%) Frankovka (Blaufränkisch) (2%) Others (less than 2% each): Ugni blanc, Pinot blanc, Grenache, Traminer, Sauvignon blanc, etc.
12. Main rootstocks used. List of rootstocks recommended Cultivars marked in bold are the most commonly used rootstocks: In 2010: Sélection Oppenheim 4 (26,62%) Kober 5 BB (23,87%) 110 Richter (21,57%) 1103 Paulsen (16,41%) 140 Ruggeri (6,17%) Others (less then 2% each) : 420 A, Paulsen 775, Chasselas x Berlandieri 41B, Couderc 3309, 125AA, Paulsen 779, Binova.
13. Use of microsatellites in characterization Nine microsatellites are currently used to check identities.
14. Sanitary status of the propagated material Material is propagated following the European Union regulations and phytosanitary passport. In 2010 proportion of “certified” planting material was 30,28%, and “standard” material 69,72%. High level of virus infection is determined in populations of autochthonous cultivars.
15. Main reference publications related to Vitis varieties or clones
See list at the end of the chapter.
16. Existence of old vineyards with old autochthonous cultivars and not clonally selected material Most of the vineyards of autochthonous cultivars are planted with unselected materials. There are still no registered clones or even certified planting material of autochthonous cultivars.
17. List of endangered minor cultivars Endangered autochthonous cultivars in Croatia (data 2011): Berry Berry Name Name color color Babica plosnata N Palagružanka bijela B Bak crni N Palaruša B Barjanka B Pavicić N Bilan bijeli B Petovka B Biloliska bijela B Plavac krčki Rs Bjeloruža B Plavac omiški Rg Bjeljak bijeli B Plavac runjavac N Bljuzgavac N Plavac sobotovac crni N Brajda bijela B Plavčina N Brajda velika N Podbil B Brajdica bijela B Pošip crni N Bratkovina crvena Rg Pošipica B Cipar Rs Prošip crni N Crljenak viški N Pršljivka B Crnka N Rožeta N Divjaka B Rušljin crni N Dolcin B Silbijanac B Dugovrst B Siložder crni N Frmentun B Stara brančevka N Galac crni N Surina Rs Grgićevica B Sušić N Gustopupica N Svjetljak bijeli B Gustopupica ninska Rg Svrdlovina crna N Kamenina N Šarica trišnjavica N Krstićevica B Šemperinka crna N Kurtelaška B Šljiva N Lasina vrgorska crna N Topol B Lelekuša N Trojišćina Rg Ljutun crni N Vela pergola B Medna B Viška crna N Mekuja B Volarovo B Mijajuša N Vrbić B Mladenka B Vugava crvena omiška Rs Ninčuša N Zadarka N Očenaš B Zelenka šoltanska b. B Ošljevina N Zlatarica blatska B Pagadebit bijeli B Žumić B 18. Neglected cultivars (present in repositories only) So far all of the cultivars present in our repositories are present also in some of the vineyards.
19. Occurrence of V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris in wild habitats There are only two discovered habitats of V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris in Croatia (Slavonia and Dalmatia region).
20. Is on farm evaluation and maintenance carried out? On farm evaluation is not performed. All evaluations are performed in collections (main – national, or safety collections).
21. Realization of prospections (minor cultivars, clones, Vitis species) Prospections are carried out both for minor cultivars and clones. There is ongoing clonal selection of most important autochthonous cultivars and evaluation of minor cultivars. After their confirmation (amphelographic and genetic) minor cultivars are included in national collection. Because of limited resources (financial and others) we still don’t have a collection (repository) of clones, except a few experimental fields where only virus free clone candidates are evaluating in process of clonal selection.
22. Is particular attention paid to preservation of clones? There are still no certified clones of autochthonous cultivars, and therefore their preservation is not possible. Uncertified “clones” (interesting genotypes of some cultivars, for ex. Plavac mali, because of intravarietal diversity preservation) are preserved within the existing collections of autochthonous cultivars (National collection at Zagreb and regional collection at Split). There is still no institution with resources needed for collection of clones, or for maintenance of high qualitative categories of future certified clones.
23. Are there any organizations responsible for grape germplasm, e.g. linking gene banks or coordinating activities? The official institution responsible for the maintenance of grape germplasm is the National commission for plant genetic resources (under Ministry of Agriculture). National collection of autochthonous grapevine cultivars is maintained and coordinated by Faculty of Agriculture Zagreb. National commission is also responsible for coordination of network of all institutions which have vitis gene banks.
24. Existence of national respectively regional programs/projects There is a lot of projects/programs concerning on native grape varieties preservation and revitalization in Croatia. This is a list of existed and recently ended: 2007.-2012. Intravarietal heterogenity of vine germplasm and improvement of clonal selection, Ministry of Science, Education and Sport; 2010.-2014. East-West Collaboration for Grapevine Diversity Exploration and Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breeding (COST Action FA1003), EU; 2003. – 2012. Clonal selection of grapevine cv. ''Kraljevina'' (Vitis vinifera L.), Zagrebačka county and Town of Sv. Ivan Zelina; 2002.-2012. Inventarization and collecting of native grapevine cultivars of Primorsko- goranska county, Primorsko-goranska county; 2011.-2015. Clonal selection of cv. Moslavac (syn. Pušipel) in Međimurje growing region. Međimurje county; 2011.-2013. Evaluation of native and introduced grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) in Ravni Kotari region. Zadarska county; 2010.-2012. Preservation and establishment of true-to-type and virus-free material of endangered grapevine cultivars in Croatia and Montenegro. ERA 91/01, SEE- ERA.NET PLUS; 2006.-2016. Protection and revitalization of autochthonous grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) of Hrvatsko zagorje, Krapinsko-zagorska county; 2007.-2010. GrapeGen06 - Management & Conservation of Grapevine Genetic Resources, European Commission, DG Agriculture and Rural Development; 2005.-2009. Revitalization of autochthonous grapevine cultivar Malvasija dubrovačka, Ministry of Agriculture and rural development and Dubrovačko – neretvanska County; 2000.-2013. Clonal selection of cv. Škrlet bijeli (Vitis vinifera L.), County of Sisak and Moslavina; 2008.-2010. Revitalization of endangered grapevine cultivar Zlatarica blatska on the island of Korčula, COAST-UNDP. 2009.-2011. Identification, characterization and conservation of old and autochthonous vine varieties in Eastern European countries. Nordic Gene bank and Swedish Biodiversity Centre.
List of publications related to Vitis varieties or clones (2007-2012) Karoglan Kontić, J; Pejić, I; Maletić, E; Sladonja, B.; Vokurka, A; Zdunić, G; Preiner, D; Šimon, S; Ruehl, E. (2009). Virus diseases screening in clonal selection of Croatian grapevine cultivars. Acta Horticulturae. 827: 623-626 Karoglan Kontić, J; Preiner, D; Šimon, S; Zdunić, G; Poljuha, D; Maletić, E. (2009). Sanitary Status of Croatian Native Grapevine Varieties. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus. 74(2):1-5 Lacombe, T.; Audegin, L.; Boselli, M.; Buccheti, B.; Cabello, F.; Chatelet, P.; Crespan, M.; D'Onofrio, D.; Erias Dias, J.; Ercisli, S.; Gardiman, M.; Grando, M.S.; Imazio, S.; Jandurova, O.; Jung, A.; Kiss, E.; Kozma, P.; Maul, E.; Maghradze, D.; Martinez, M.C.; Munoz, G.; Patkova, J.K.; Pejić, I; Peterlunger, E.; Pitsoli, D.; Preiner, D; Raimondi, S.; Regner, F.; Savin, G.; Savvides, S.; Schneider, A.; Spring, J.L.; Szoke, A.; Veres, A.; Boursiquot, J.M.; Bacilieri, R.; This, P. (2011). Grepevine European Catalogue : Towards a Comperehensive List. Vitis. 50 (2): 65-68 Malenica, N; Šimon, S; Besendorfer, V; Maletić, E; Karolglan Kontić, J; Pejić, I. (2011). Whole genome amplification and microsatellite genotyping of herbarium DNA revealed the identity of an ancient grapevine cultivar. Naturwissenschaften. 98 (9) 763-772 Maletić, E; Karoglan Kontić, J; Preiner, D; Jeromel, A; Patz, C-D; Dietrich, H. (2009). Anthocyanin profile and antioxidative capacity of some autochthonous Croatian red wines. Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment. 7(1): 48-51 Maul, E.; Sudharma, K. N.; Kecke, S.; Marx, G; Muller, C.; Audeguin, L.; Boselli, M.; Boursiquot, J.M.; Bucchetti, B.; Cabello, F.; Carraro, R.; Crespan, M.; de Andres, M.T.; Erias Dias, J.,; Ekhvaia, J.; Gaforio, L.; Gardiman, M.; Grando, S.; Gyropoulos, D.; Jandurova, O.; Kiss, E.; Karoglan Kontić, Jasminka; Kozma, P.; Lacombe, T.; Laucou, V.; Legrand, D.; Maghradze.; Marinoni, D.; Maletić, Edi; Moreira, F.; Munoz-Organero, G.; Nakhuttrsishvili, G.; Pejić, I; Peterlunger, E.; Pitsoli, D.; Pospisilova, D.; Preiner, D; Raimondi, S.; Regner, F.; Savin, G.; Savvides, S.; Schneider, A.; Sereno, C.; Šimon, S; Staraz, M.; Zulini, L.; Bacilieri, R.; This, P. (2012). The European Vitis Database (www.eu-vitis.de) - a technical innovation trough an online uploading and interaction modification system. Vitis. 51 (2): 79-85 Pejić, I; Maletić, E. Conservation, evaluation and revitalization of native grapevine varieties in Croatia. // MITTEILUNGEN KLOSTERNEUBURG. 60 (3): 363-368 Preiner, D; Karoglan Kontić, J; Šimon, S; Marković, Z; Stupić, D; Maletić, E. (2012). Intravarietal Agronomic Variability in Croatian Native Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Grk with Female Flower and Seedless Berries. American journal of enology and viticulture. 63 (2): 291-295 Šimon, S; Malenica, N; Žulj, M; Gaši, F; Zdunić, G; Preiner, D; Pejić, I. (2010). REMAP as a Tool for Preliminary Grapevine Accession Screening. Acta Horticulturae. 859: 155-159 Vončina, D; Preiner, D; Badurina, D; Cvjetković, B; Maletić, E; Karoglan Kontić, J. (2011). Incidence of virus infections in grapevines from Croatian collection plantations. Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 50: 316-326 Vončina, D; Šimon, S; Đermić, E; Cvjetković, B; Pejić, I; Maletić, E; Karoglan Kontić, J. Differential properties of Grapevine virus B (GVB) isolates from Croatian autochthonous grapevine culitvars (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of plant pathology. 93 (2): 283-289 Vončina, D; Šimon, S; Đermić, E; Cvjetković, B; Pejić, I; Maletić, E; Karoglan Kontić, J. Distribution and partial molecular characterization of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) found in Croatian autochthonous grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm. Journal of plant diseases and protection. 117 (5): 194-200 Zdunić, G; Šimon, S; Malenica, N; Preiner, D; Maletić, E; Pejić, I.(2012). Morphometric and molecular analysis of a pink-berried mutant within the population of grape cultivar ‘Plavac mali’. Vitis. 51 (1): 7-13 Zdunić, Goran; Pejić, Ivan; Karoglan Kontić, Jasminka; Vukičević, Damir; Vokurka, Aleš; Pezo, Ivan; Maletić, Edi. (2008). Comparison of genetic and morphological data for inferring similarity among native Dalmatian (Croatia) grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of food agriculture & environment. 6 (2): 333-336