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Status Report of Vitis Germplasm in CROATIA D. Preiner, E. Maletić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture. 1. Importance

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Status Report of Vitis germplasm in CROATIA D. Preiner, E. Maletić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture. 1. Importance of the Viticulture in the country Total surface: 18678 ha (2010), Register of grape and wine producers. Total vineyard area: 26111 ha (2010). 2. Collections or germplasm banks for Vitis 1) Faculty of Agriculture Zagreb, experimental station Jazbina: - National collection of native grapevine V. vinifera varieties: 128 Vitis vinifera accessions of native cultivars. - Collection of introduced cultivars and clones: 93 accessions (57 V. vinifera wine cvs. Including 26 clones; 12 interspecific hybrids-wine cvs.; 24 table grape cvs.) 2) Regional (safety) collections: - Institut for Adriatic crops and carst reclamation, Split – Collection of Dalmatia region: 130 accessions of ≈ 90 V. vinifera cultivars. - Collection of native grapevine cultivars of Primorsko-Goranska county – Risika, Island of Krk: 22 native V. vinifera cvs. - Collection of native grapevine cultivars of Hrvatsko zagorje – Donja Pačetina, Krapinsko-Zagorska county: 18 accessions of native V. vinifera cvs. 3. Status of characterization of the collections In all collections characterisation (ampelographic and genetic) is in progress. 4. References of germplasm collections or databases in internet Croatian plant genetic resources database: http://cpgrd.zsr.hr/gb/fruit/ 5. Main varieties in the country In 2010: Graševina B (Welschriesling) (26%) Malvazija istarska (Malvasia Istriana) B (10%) Plavac mali N (9%) Merlot N (4%) Plavina N (3%) Riesling B (3%) Cabernet Sauvignon N (3%) Chardonnay B (3%) Trbljan B (3%) Frankovka N (Blaufränkisch) (2%) Others (less than 2% each): Kujundžuša B N; Babić; Pošip B; Debit B; Moslavac (Furmint) B; Ugni blanc B; Maraština B; Teran N; Pinot blanc B; Kraljevina Rs; Grenache N; Vranac N; Traminer Rg; Sauvignon blanc B; etc. 6. Table grapes Table grapes are of minor importance in Croatia, representing about 1% of the Croatian vineyard area. Most important (and most spread)variety is Cardinal (about 60%), then Victoria (about 15%), Muscat Hamburg (about 10%), Chasselas blanc (5%), others (Matilde, Prima…). 7. Selection or breeding programmes in course Faculty of Agriculture carries out a small scale breeding program for qualitative and resistance improvement of native genetic resources. 8. Clonal selection status Programs of clonal selection of 13 most important native cultivars are in progress. They are conducted by Faculty of Agriculture Zagreb. In the next few years the first clones will be available for market. 9. Catalogue or reliable publication with a list of the confirmed synonymies In progress 10. Number (or list) of endangered cultivars See paragraph 17 below. 11. Main international varieties cultivated In 2010: Graševina (Welschriesling) (26%) Merlot (4%) Cabernet Sauvignon(3%) Chardonnay (3%) Frankovka (Blaufränkisch) (2%) Others (less than 2% each): Ugni blanc, Pinot blanc, Grenache, Traminer, Sauvignon blanc, etc. 12. Main rootstocks used. List of rootstocks recommended Cultivars marked in bold are the most commonly used rootstocks: In 2010: Sélection Oppenheim 4 (26,62%) Kober 5 BB (23,87%) 110 Richter (21,57%) 1103 Paulsen (16,41%) 140 Ruggeri (6,17%) Others (less then 2% each) : 420 A, Paulsen 775, Chasselas x Berlandieri 41B, Couderc 3309, 125AA, Paulsen 779, Binova. 13. Use of microsatellites in characterization Nine microsatellites are currently used to check identities. 14. Sanitary status of the propagated material Material is propagated following the European Union regulations and phytosanitary passport. In 2010 proportion of “certified” planting material was 30,28%, and “standard” material 69,72%. High level of virus infection is determined in populations of autochthonous cultivars. 15. Main reference publications related to Vitis varieties or clones See list at the end of the chapter. 16. Existence of old vineyards with old autochthonous cultivars and not clonally selected material Most of the vineyards of autochthonous cultivars are planted with unselected materials. There are still no registered clones or even certified planting material of autochthonous cultivars. 17. List of endangered minor cultivars Endangered autochthonous cultivars in Croatia (data 2011): Berry Berry Name Name color color Babica plosnata N Palagružanka bijela B Bak crni N Palaruša B Barjanka B Pavicić N Bilan bijeli B Petovka B Biloliska bijela B Plavac krčki Rs Bjeloruža B Plavac omiški Rg Bjeljak bijeli B Plavac runjavac N Bljuzgavac N Plavac sobotovac crni N Brajda bijela B Plavčina N Brajda velika N Podbil B Brajdica bijela B Pošip crni N Bratkovina crvena Rg Pošipica B Cipar Rs Prošip crni N Crljenak viški N Pršljivka B Crnka N Rožeta N Divjaka B Rušljin crni N Dolcin B Silbijanac B Dugovrst B Siložder crni N Frmentun B Stara brančevka N Galac crni N Surina Rs Grgićevica B Sušić N Gustopupica N Svjetljak bijeli B Gustopupica ninska Rg Svrdlovina crna N Kamenina N Šarica trišnjavica N Krstićevica B Šemperinka crna N Kurtelaška B Šljiva N Lasina vrgorska crna N Topol B Lelekuša N Trojišćina Rg Ljutun crni N Vela pergola B Medna B Viška crna N Mekuja B Volarovo B Mijajuša N Vrbić B Mladenka B Vugava crvena omiška Rs Ninčuša N Zadarka N Očenaš B Zelenka šoltanska b. B Ošljevina N Zlatarica blatska B Pagadebit bijeli B Žumić B 18. Neglected cultivars (present in repositories only) So far all of the cultivars present in our repositories are present also in some of the vineyards. 19. Occurrence of V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris in wild habitats There are only two discovered habitats of V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris in Croatia (Slavonia and Dalmatia region). 20. Is on farm evaluation and maintenance carried out? On farm evaluation is not performed. All evaluations are performed in collections (main – national, or safety collections). 21. Realization of prospections (minor cultivars, clones, Vitis species) Prospections are carried out both for minor cultivars and clones. There is ongoing clonal selection of most important autochthonous cultivars and evaluation of minor cultivars. After their confirmation (amphelographic and genetic) minor cultivars are included in national collection. Because of limited resources (financial and others) we still don’t have a collection (repository) of clones, except a few experimental fields where only virus free clone candidates are evaluating in process of clonal selection. 22. Is particular attention paid to preservation of clones? There are still no certified clones of autochthonous cultivars, and therefore their preservation is not possible. Uncertified “clones” (interesting genotypes of some cultivars, for ex. Plavac mali, because of intravarietal diversity preservation) are preserved within the existing collections of autochthonous cultivars (National collection at Zagreb and regional collection at Split). There is still no institution with resources needed for collection of clones, or for maintenance of high qualitative categories of future certified clones. 23. Are there any organizations responsible for grape germplasm, e.g. linking gene banks or coordinating activities? The official institution responsible for the maintenance of grape germplasm is the National commission for plant genetic resources (under Ministry of Agriculture). National collection of autochthonous grapevine cultivars is maintained and coordinated by Faculty of Agriculture Zagreb. National commission is also responsible for coordination of network of all institutions which have vitis gene banks. 24. Existence of national respectively regional programs/projects There is a lot of projects/programs concerning on native grape varieties preservation and revitalization in Croatia. This is a list of existed and recently ended: 2007.-2012. Intravarietal heterogenity of vine germplasm and improvement of clonal selection, Ministry of Science, Education and Sport; 2010.-2014. East-West Collaboration for Grapevine Diversity Exploration and Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breeding (COST Action FA1003), EU; 2003. – 2012. Clonal selection of grapevine cv. ''Kraljevina'' (Vitis vinifera L.), Zagrebačka county and Town of Sv. Ivan Zelina; 2002.-2012. Inventarization and collecting of native grapevine cultivars of Primorsko- goranska county, Primorsko-goranska county; 2011.-2015. Clonal selection of cv. Moslavac (syn. Pušipel) in Međimurje growing region. Međimurje county; 2011.-2013. Evaluation of native and introduced grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) in Ravni Kotari region. Zadarska county; 2010.-2012. Preservation and establishment of true-to-type and virus-free material of endangered grapevine cultivars in Croatia and Montenegro. ERA 91/01, SEE- ERA.NET PLUS; 2006.-2016. Protection and revitalization of autochthonous grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) of Hrvatsko zagorje, Krapinsko-zagorska county; 2007.-2010. GrapeGen06 - Management & Conservation of Grapevine Genetic Resources, European Commission, DG Agriculture and Rural Development; 2005.-2009. Revitalization of autochthonous grapevine cultivar Malvasija dubrovačka, Ministry of Agriculture and rural development and Dubrovačko – neretvanska County; 2000.-2013. Clonal selection of cv. Škrlet bijeli (Vitis vinifera L.), County of Sisak and Moslavina; 2008.-2010. Revitalization of endangered grapevine cultivar Zlatarica blatska on the island of Korčula, COAST-UNDP. 2009.-2011. Identification, characterization and conservation of old and autochthonous vine varieties in Eastern European countries. Nordic Gene bank and Swedish Biodiversity Centre. List
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    EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION EUI Working Paper HEC No. 2004/1 The Expulsion of the ‘German’ Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War Edited by STEFFEN PRAUSER and ARFON REES BADIA FIESOLANA, SAN DOMENICO (FI) All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the author(s). © 2004 Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees and individual authors Published in Italy December 2004 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50016 San Domenico (FI) Italy www.iue.it Contents Introduction: Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees 1 Chapter 1: Piotr Pykel: The Expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia 11 Chapter 2: Tomasz Kamusella: The Expulsion of the Population Categorized as ‘Germans' from the Post-1945 Poland 21 Chapter 3: Balázs Apor: The Expulsion of the German Speaking Population from Hungary 33 Chapter 4: Stanislav Sretenovic and Steffen Prauser: The “Expulsion” of the German Speaking Minority from Yugoslavia 47 Chapter 5: Markus Wien: The Germans in Romania – the Ambiguous Fate of a Minority 59 Chapter 6: Tillmann Tegeler: The Expulsion of the German Speakers from the Baltic Countries 71 Chapter 7: Luigi Cajani: School History Textbooks and Forced Population Displacements in Europe after the Second World War 81 Bibliography 91 EUI WP HEC 2004/1 Notes on the Contributors BALÁZS APOR, STEFFEN PRAUSER, PIOTR PYKEL, STANISLAV SRETENOVIC and MARKUS WIEN are researchers in the Department of History and Civilization, European University Institute, Florence. TILLMANN TEGELER is a postgraduate at Osteuropa-Institut Munich, Germany. Dr TOMASZ KAMUSELLA, is a lecturer in modern European history at Opole University, Opole, Poland.
  • Inventive Translation, Portraiture, and Spanish Hapsburg Taste in the Sixteenth Century

    Inventive Translation, Portraiture, and Spanish Hapsburg Taste in the Sixteenth Century

    9 © Copyrighted Material Inventive Translation, Portraiture and Spanish Habsburg Taste in the Sixteenth Century Elena Calvillo The Spanish Patron In his autobiography, Benvenuto Cellini recounts how when faced with an angry mob of Spaniards from the household of the bishop of Salamanca, he defiantly pointed his gun into the crowd and cried, ‘You treacherous Moors – so this is how you loot the shops and houses in a city like Rome?’1 According to the artist, the Spaniards had come to collect a vase that had been returned to Cellini to be repaired, but because the patron had not yet paid for it, Cellini declined to release it. The commotion surrounding this exchange soon attracted the attention of a few Roman gentlemen, eager to join the fight. Their offer to help Cellini kill his opponents was made ‘with such vehemence that the Spaniards were terrified out of their wits’ and retreated.2 The Spanish courtiers were subsequently admonished by the bishop, who, Cellini claimed, was angered by both the violence initiated by the brash members of his household and by their failure to finish the job. Cellini’s characterization of the Spanish throughout this part of his text, leading up to the Sack of 1527, is similar to many portrayals of this period.3 For Cellini, such a depiction of the troublesome Spaniards served the rhetorical ends of the autobiography by highlighting his loyalty to Rome and his personal bravery, most spectacularly demonstrated in his account of the defence of the Castel Sant’Angelo against imperial troops. A few themes emerge from Cellini’s anecdote.