Congressional Record

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Congressional Record July 8, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1397 IN RECOGNITION OF THE FORT TI- Fort Ticonderoga retained its strategic sig- lic Community in Boulder City, Nevada to build CONDEROGA ASSOCIATION ON nificance during the American Revolution. On an entirely new complex of church offices, par- THE OCCASION OF THE GRAND May 10, 1775, American soldiers won their ish halls, multi-purpose classrooms, and a OPENING OF THE DEBORAH first victory in the Revolution when they cap- pastor’s residence. The entire parish center CLARKE MARS EDUCATION CEN- tured Fort Ticonderoga in a surprise attack at was built and dedicated in 1981. TER dawn. The cannons from Ticonderoga were Madam Speaker, I am proud to honor Fa- then hauled all the way across the Common- ther Joe for his thirty years of service. Words HON. CAROLYN B. MALONEY wealth of Massachusetts by troops led by cannot express how much Father Joe has OF NEW YORK Henry Knox, and used to successfully pros- done for the people and the city of Boulder IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ecute the Siege of Boston, driving the Red- City. His quest to touch the lives of and help as many people as possible, his devotion to Tuesday, July 8, 2008 coats away from the Massachusetts Bay. Today, the Fort Ticonderoga Association his work, and his zeal to better the community Mrs. MALONEY of New York. Madam strives to engage, educate, and entertain visi- are truly commendable and I applaud all his Speaker, I rise today along with my colleague, tors by sharing the authentic stories of diverse efforts. the Honorable KIRSTEN GILLIBRAND to pay trib- cultures that met at the Ticonderoga peninsula f ute to the Fort Ticonderoga Association, the in war and peace over the last 250 years. Its FAIRFAX COUNTY PLANNING COM- non-profit organization chartered by the State members achieve this goal through accurate University of New York Regents to administer MISSION MARKS ITS 70TH ANNI- historical interpretations, high standards of the great National Historic Landmark at Fort VERSARY preservation, and able management of the Ticonderoga. This July, the Association will Fort’s world-class collections of scholarly open the Deborah Clarke Mars Education works, through innovative educational offer- HON. TOM DAVIS Center, which will house an authentic re-cre- OF VIRGINIA ings, and with operational excellence. ation of the magasin du Roi, or ‘‘King’s Ware- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Under the diligent care of the Association, house’’, that stood on the Fort’s parade Tuesday, July 8, 2008 ground from 1756 to 1759, as well as facilities Fort Ticonderoga has earned numerous for educational programs, lectures, and awards, including the Upstate History Alliance Mr. DAVIS of Virginia. Madam Speaker, I symposia. This month, the Fort Ticonderoga Award of Excellence, the Adirondack Architec- rise today to commemorate the 70th anniver- Association also observed the 250th anniver- tural Heritage Award of Excellence for the sary of the Fairfax County Planning Commis- sary of one of the bloodiest conflicts of the Kings’ Garden Restoration, and the Preserva- sion. French and Indian War, the Battle of Carillon, tion League of New York State Award of Ex- The Fairfax County Planning Commission’s by staging a two-day re-enactment of the con- cellence. Fort Ticonderoga also received a goal has been to advise the Board of Super- flict. State and Local History Certificate of Com- visors on all matters related to the orderly The Fort Ticonderoga Association was orga- mendation from the American Association for growth and development of Fairfax County. nized in 1931. It has carried on the steward- ‘‘America’s First Victory.’’ Clearly, its role in This includes the preparation of a comprehen- ship of the historic site by the Pell family, American history left an important legacy for sive plan for the physical development of the whose members have maintained the Fort Fort Ticonderoga that resonates even today. county in addition to amending zoning and since the early 19th century. William Ferris Madam Speaker, I ask that my distinguished subdivision ordinances. The Commission pro- Pell, a noted businessman and preservationist, colleagues join me in recognizing the enor- vides citizens with an opportunity to voice their originally purchased Fort Ticonderoga and the mous contributions to the preservation and support for or opinion on developments in and surrounding lands to prevent the stripping of stewardship of American history performed by around their community. precious materials from the legendary stone the Fort Ticonderoga Association. The Fairfax County Planning Commission forts that rest on the site. He established his f was founded on Wednesday, July 6, 1938. summer home-turned-hotel, the Pavillion, on Throughout the past 70 years, the Fairfax PAYING TRIBUTE TO FATHER the beautiful grounds, offering affordable ac- County Board of Supervisors has appointed a JOSEPH P. ANNESE commodations to travelers visiting the historic total of 121 citizens to serve as commis- ruins for nearly six decades. Stephen Pell, his sioners. The Planning Commission consists of great-grandson, began restoration of the Fort HON. JON C. PORTER two standing committees, the Personnel and and the Pavillion in 1908; subsequently, the OF NEVADA Budget Committee and Policy and Procedure site became a popular tourist destination and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Committee. Additionally, there are seven sub- was added to the National Register of Historic Tuesday, July 8, 2008 committees honing their focus towards capital Places. improvement, the environment, parks, redevel- Fort Ticonderoga and the surrounding Mr. PORTER. Madam Speaker, it is my dis- opment and housing, land use process review, grounds have a rich history. Its site was origi- tinct pleasure to rise today to honor my friend school facilities, transportation, and Fort nally chosen for its strategic location on the Ti- Father Joseph P. Annese by entering his Belvoir. The Planning Commission and staff conderoga peninsula on the shore of Lake name in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the offi- have held thousands of public hearings, hun- Champlain that protected the portage to near- cial record of the proceedings and debates of dreds of committee meetings, and have for- by Lake George. At the time, it was the the United States Congress since 1873. Today warded thousands of recommendations to pro- French Empire’s southernmost fort in the New I pay tribute to Father Joseph P. Annese for mote orderly, balanced and equitable growth. World and a sensitive and strategic military in- his years of dedicated service to the Boulder Fairfax County is a thriving, urban county stallation coveted by the world’s two largest City community. with a population that exceeds that of seven empires, the British and the French. This July Father Joe has dedicated himself to the St. States. The median household income is one will mark the 250th anniversary of the Battle of Andrew Catholic Community for thirty years. of the highest in the Nation. Over half of the Carillon, a major battle in the French and In- His passion for helping the community and his adult population has at least a bachelor’s de- dian War in which outnumbered French troops dedication to his calling has made Father Joe gree. His also home to George Mason Univer- led by Louis-Joseph le Marquis de Montcalm an essential part of the community. sity. With an enrollment of over 30,000 stu- successfully and valiantly defeated a British Father Joe started his seminary years in the dents, GMU is a leader in science, technology attacking force. On July 8, 1758, British Gen- Divine World Seminary and was ordained in and a variety of other fields. These are all eral James Abercromby led a British and colo- 1962. He then taught high school seminary in signs of the county’s strength. This strength nial army of 16,000 men against a small Erie, Pa., then in Bordertown, New Jersey, has been nurtured and spurred along by the French force of 3,200 entrenched at Fort Car- and finally in Verbum Dei High School in Planning Commission’s foresight and vision. illon (the original name of Fort Ticonderoga). Watts, California. Before coming to Boulder Their work is not done, however; they have Despite being outnumbered by more than 4 to City, Father Joe joined the Diocese of Reno/ set an ambitious 2009 agenda. This year they 1, the French forces prevailed and forced the Las Vegas in 1971. He then became an asso- will address green building, recycling and British to retreat. In honor of their victory, the ciate pastor at St. James Parish in Las Vegas issues related to Fort Belvoir in addition to French erected a cross on the battle site, of in 1971, where he served for one year, and their regular duties. The actions this group which a reproduction still stands at the was named an associate pastor at St. Chris- takes today will continue to shape and direct ‘‘French Lines’’ even today. A year later, Brit- topher’s Parish in North Las Vegas for five this county in the years to come. ish forces under Lord Jefferey Amherst suc- years. In 1978, Bishop McFarland assigned Madam Speaker, in closing, I would like to cessfully conquered the Fort. Father Joe as Pastor of the St. Andrew Catho- thank and send appreciation to the Fairfax VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:42 Jul 09, 2008 Jkt 069060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\K08JY8.013 E08JYPT1 smartinez on PROD1PC64 with REMARKS E1398 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks July 8, 2008 County Planning Commission and their staff ing the borough in ways great and small. The patriation of over 150 Cuban migrants attempt- for their hard work and dedication to Fairfax Eagles have made Somerset an immeasurably ing to illegally enter the United States.
Recommended publications
  • Turner on Zarzynski, 'Ghost Fleet Awakened: Lake George's Sunken Bateaux of 1758'
    H-War Turner on Zarzynski, 'Ghost Fleet Awakened: Lake George's Sunken Bateaux of 1758' Review published on Thursday, April 22, 2021 Joseph W. Zarzynski. Ghost Fleet Awakened: Lake George's Sunken Bateaux of 1758. Albany: Excelsior Editions, 2019. Illustrations. 284 pp. $24.95 (paper),ISBN 978-1-4384-7672-8. Reviewed by Jobie Turner (Air University) Published on H-War (April, 2021) Commissioned by Margaret Sankey (Air University) Printable Version: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=55121 On July 5, 1758, Major General Abercrombie’s army of sixteen thousand British and colonial soldiers and Native American allies alighted in nine hundred craft (boats, bateaux, and canoes) at the south end of Lake George, New York.[1] The vast armada was the largest military force assembled on the continent by any European power to that date. Their destination was Fort Carillon, twenty-six miles north and a few miles over land. Fort Carillon had been held by the French since the start of the Seven Years’ War and had vexed the British for three years. Most famously, French general Louis- Joseph de Montcalm had sailed south in 1757 and besieged Fort William Henry. It was on the ruins of Fort William Henry that the British built their camp to prepare for their row up Lake George in 1758. After one overnight camp, Abercrombie’s troops disembarked and began their movement to Fort Carillon. By July 8, 1755, the British were in full rout, the French and their native allies killing and wounding more than 1,500 of the British force.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the River
    Anatomy of the River Chambly Canal Québec Canada United States A map of the River drawn in 1758 captures the sweep of its course while illustrating the deployment of British and French forces at the Battle of Carillon. Collections of Fort Ticonderoga. New York The stretch of river that once carried boats to and from Lake Champlain has now reverted to a natural state, creating Construction of the railroad in 1874 drastically a haven for wildlife just a altered the LaChute outlet. A causeway confined few yards from civiliza- the River’s flow to a narrow channel, hastening the tion. Photograph by formation of a marsh in the broad estuary where Robert C. Stevens. Vermont LaChute River meets Lake Champlain. Photograph by Virginia Westbrook. You Are Here Ticonderoga The LaChute is a river with both a short course and a short history. It cut its way whirlpool at the sharp turn just downstream from here. Once it reaches the level through Ticonderoga only 12,000 years ago, when the waters of the newly-formed of Lake Champlain below the lower falls, the River spreads out into waterlogged Champlain Canal Lake George first spilled over a ridge between Mount Defiance and Cook’s Mountain. bottomlands. N Glaciers had revised the local landscape, blocking off two watercourses that flowed north and south out of that valley, leaving a lake basin in need of an outlet. The A river transports solid material as well as water. LaChute River blends water from waters found a fast, steep route into glacial Lake Champlain. two sources—Lake George and the Trout Brook Valley.
    [Show full text]
  • Trails Lead to New York State the Birth of Our Great Nation Started in New York State New York State: the Crossroads of History
    ® All Trails Lead To New York State The birth of our great nation started in New York State New York State: The Crossroads of History In colonial and revolutionary In the Battle of New York, Britain Map of the 13 Colonies 1775 MASS America, New York Sate nearly defeated George Washington was at the crossroads of the and the American Revolution, but growing nation and history. Washington rallied his battered army NH and set a standard for dedicated, self- That is because the men and women less public service that remains the NY who helped shape our modern world ideal of democracy everywhere. MASS came to New York and crossed paths: Sagarawithra, the chief of the A young African-American, James CON Tuscarora Indian Nation, led his Forten, came to New York as a Brit- RI people north to New York to join ish prisoner of war, and escaped to the Iroquois Confederacy, and safety, fight for the freedom and equality PA NJ peace and freedom. promised in the Declaration of In- dependence by founding the Ameri- Inspired by a visit to the Iroquois can Anti-Slavery Society. Margaret MD Confederacy, Benjamin Franklin Corbin came with her husband to DEL came to New York, the battleground New York, eager to serve, too, only to of the continent, to issue a call for a fall wounded in a desperate battle. VA colonial union to fight France, the first glimmer of the idea that became Those crossroads and crossed paths the United States. French General also brought great villains like Montcalm marched his army south Benedict Arnold, who gave his name into New York, only to predict in to treason and treachery.
    [Show full text]
  • Bee Final Round Bee Final Round Regulation Questions
    NHBB A-Set Bee 2017-2018 Bee Final Round Bee Final Round Regulation Questions (1) This pope illustrated the sun and moon allegory in which kings derive their power from the papacy. At the Fourth Lateran Council, this pope called a crusade that was defeated by the Ayyubid Sultan Al-Khalid; this man had earlier called a crusade that ended in the 1204 Sack of Constantinople. This pope feuded over Stephen Langdon's appointment as Archbishop of Canterbury with John I. The Albigensian Crusade persecuting the Cathars and the Fourth Crusade were both called by, for the point, what early 13th century pope who annulled the Magna Carta? ANSWER: Pope Innocent III (prompt on Innocent) (2) This policy is called the \most radical experiment" in a book by Mei Fong, who claimed it was created by rocket scientists. Violators of their policy could lose their \iron rice bowl," as they were blocked from holding government jobs. This policy, which was made less restrictive in 2016, has resulted in an increase in sex-selective abortion and a massive gender imbalance, due in part to a cultural bias in favor of having sons. For the point, name this policy meant to control the population of China. ANSWER: Chinese one-child policy (accept Family Planning Policy; accept Dushengzi nu zhengce; prompt on descriptions of population control before the end) (3) Referring to this location's one-time commander, William Delaplace, a commander allegedly said \Come out you old rat!" while seizing this location. Arthur St. Clair and Philip Schuyler [sky-ler] were accused of negligence for failing to defend this location.
    [Show full text]
  • July 3-5, 2021 Independence Day Weekend 1776 Celebrate Independence by Exploring One of the Greatest Triumphs of 1776! All Weeke
    July 3-5, 2021 Independence Day Weekend 1776 Celebrate independence by exploring one of the greatest triumphs of 1776! All weekend long, meet the soldiers of the Northern Continental Army at Ticonderoga in 1776. See craftsmen in action busily working to resupply soldiers with clothing, shoes, and equipment. Watch as soldiers work to prepare cannons, ammunition, and themselves ready to stop an invasion by the British Army and its naval fleet on Lake Champlain. 10:15 a.m. Key to the Continent Guided Tour (Begins at the American Flag) In this entertaining 30-minute tour, discover Ticonderoga’s incredible history and learn about all of the great experiences we offer today. 10:30 a.m. Carillon Boat Cruise (Boat dock by the King’s Garden) Get a front row seat for the siege of Ticonderoga this Independence Day weekend. Between floating bridges, flotillas of bateaux, and a whole British naval fleet, the fight for Ticonderoga played out on Lake Champlain as well as the mountains that surround it. Don’t miss this unparalleled chance to get a new perspective on the fight for independence on one of the most historic waterways in America. Additional ticket required. 11:00 a.m. Musket Demonstration (Demonstration Area) Thrill at the crackle of muskets and learn how Continental soldiers and militia defended the line of liberty. Discover how military formations and fortified walls proved a sound defense. 11:30 a.m. A Guided Tour of the Fort Ticonderoga Museum (Begins inside the Parade Ground) More than a century of collecting has allowed Fort Ticonderoga to acquire North America’s largest and most important collection of 18th-century military material culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Bailly Point of View
    From The Bailly Point of View by Olga Mae Sohiemann � �- 3'� � ���� ai� J� .D"V � �.3M-\;� "'� � � -t:!_., S:f � ��'° -Id_,_, • &mti.yN....... .. Lib�.'?'.. .. Dwieland Histor l ociet �- �S_ _ _ _ _ �y��� ����--� Even in childhood, I was interGsted in the Baillys - Why did they come to quiet little Baillytown? From where did they come? Why did they l&ave where they were? How did they happen to locate ths cemetery where it is? Who of the Baillys were buried in the cemetery? Why did�� . Bailly.need the passport in 1814? Why wns he captured by the Americans? Who captured him and where? Did he really become.an American citizen? Had Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard in fact never mentioned the Baillys? ThesG were some of the questions which no one would or could answer. In the maze of today's literature, it is no simple task to find source answers. For that reason, I am passing on to you in the form of a Duneland Publication, interesting historical data regarding Joseph Bailly and his anoestora and descendants, some of which in.formation at the time of my talk in 1953 had not pre­ viously been published. Because of the volwne of source refer­ ences, narrative was kept to a minimum. At a later date parts ot this history can be enlarged upon in an added paper . Mr. Edward-C. Bailly has brought much of the story of the ancestral family together under one title and quite a bit of his paper is outlined here for the convenience of those who might not have easy access to the Canadian Publication, Le Bulletin des Recherches Historiques.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CITIZEN ARMY of OLD REGIME FRANCE Julia Osman A
    THE CITIZEN ARMY OF OLD REGIME FRANCE Julia Osman A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2010 Approved By: Jay M. Smith Lloyd Kramer Wayne Lee Richard Kohn Christopher Browning ©2010 Julia Osman ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Julia Osman, The Citizen Army of Old Regime France (Under the Direction of Jay M. Smith) While the creation of the French citizen army is often attributed to the French Revolution, I argue that it is a product of the old regime. In the seventeenth century, France’s aristocratic army began to crumble when Louis XIV first created a military bureaucracy that eventually ceased to effectively regulate army matters. During the Seven Years’ War in the mid-eighteenth century, French officers’ apathetic attitudes towards fighting in Canada proved that French warfare had become only a vehicle for noble advancement. In the context of crisis and reform that followed, both educated society and military circles looked to the citizen armies of ancient Greece and Rome for military inspiration. French representations of the army and militias of the American Revolution as contemporary embodiments of ancient citizen armies supported reformers’ belief that patriotism would revitalize the French army. In 1789, the National Guard institutionalized these ideas, making the French citizen army a forerunner of the French Revolution. iii To Mom and Dad iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For all the hem and haw about the solitude of a scholarly life, this dissertation is the result of many hands and many resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Mercier Dit Lajoie, Grenadier of the Berry Regiment
    Michigan's · B ITA T E R I. T A.· G E Journa£ of tfie !French-Caruufian 1feritage Society of Micfzigan Vol. 31 #1 '· Jan. 2010 \ - Michigan's Habitant Heritage, Vol. 31, #1, Jan 2010 Charles Mercier dit Lajoie, Grenadier of the Berry Regiment John P. DuLong, FCHSM member ([email protected]) Drawing of a Berry Grenadier by Joe Lee The Contract The French had lost the battle on the Plains of Abraham on 13 September 1759, Quebec was held by British forces, and the hollow victory at the Battle of Ste-Foy on 28 April 1760 failed to liberate the city. By May 1760 the future of New France must have appeared bleak to many in the colony. The French army was retreating from Quebec to Montreal. And yet, during this turbulent time, two soldiers of the Berry regiment took a break from war at Trois-Rivieres to have the notary Louis Pillard draw up a contract: Sale by Charles Mercier to Jean Bertrand on the 27th May 1760 Before the king's notary of the royal jurisdiction of Trois rivieres, here residing and undersigned, and witnesses hereafter, appeared Charles Mercier#(# dit Lajoie) grenadier in the Berry regiment of the company of monsieur Cadillac native of auose jurisdiction of neuf chateau in Lorraine, who, planning to remain and settle in this colony and in consequence by these presents, sells, relinquishes, cedes, transfers and abandons each and all of the property rights to him bequeathed following the demise of Vincent Mercier, weaver by profession, to whatever sum it may amount to, in whatever form and location that they may be found and situated, with no reservation nor hold back, the said party promising to guarantee by these facts and promises to having neither engaged nor alienated any of the aforesaid rights, to Jean Bertrand dit Bertrand, also sergeant in the said Regiment, company of monsieur the chevalier de Traurout here present and willing purchaser for himself and his heirs having cause in the future to enjoy, do with, dispose of, as he sees fit, by means of these presents and to become uncontested owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Guide History, Biography, Epic for Use with the Epic Poem Touring Canada, April-May 2005
    Teaching Guide History, Biography, Epic for use with the epic poem touring Canada, April-May 2005 www.plainsofabraham.ca The Story of New France The first Europeans to visit Canada were the Vikings and the Basques. Extensive exploration began with John Cabot (1497) and Jacques Cartier (1534). The French colony of New France was founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, and grew in size through the 1600’s. The economy depended on agriculture, practiced by settlers from France, and the fur trade, for which the colony had an extensive network of trading alliances with First Nations. Life in the colony was a combination of the established pattern of labour in the fields, the excitement of expeditions into the interior of the continent, and sincere religious devotion. Meanwhile, New England – the collection of English colonies to the south, in what is today the northeast of the USA – was in competition with New France for control of North America. New England had a larger population than New France, a much more hostile relationship with First Nations, and a more disorganised government. The centuries-long European struggle between France and England continued in North America; religious differences also divided the colonies, as the English considered the French to be benighted Papists and the French considered the English to be heretics. But New England also looked to expand into the Ohio Valley, where the French had built trading forts and alliances with First Nations; and continuous small-scale conflict was the result. The first siege of Quebec (1628) was successful; the second (1690) was repulsed.
    [Show full text]
  • Curated Ground: Public History, Military Memory, and Shared Authority at Battle Sites in North America
    CURATED GROUND: PUBLIC HISTORY, MILITARY MEMORY, AND SHARED AUTHORITY AT BATTLE SITES IN NORTH AMERICA A Thesis Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS by Joseph T. Humnicky Diploma Date May 2020 Thesis Approvals: Dr. Seth Bruggeman, Thesis Advisor, History Dr. Hilary Iris Lowe, History ABSTRACT This thesis is a synthesis of two separate research projects conducted in the summer of 2018 and the spring of 2020. The first project was conducted in conjunction with the Fort Ticonderoga Association as a means of exploring the memory and legacy of a historic military landmark in written history, interpretation, and public memory. The second project was conducted in conjunction with the National Park Service (NPS) and the American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). Instead of focusing on a single site, this second study looked at a collection of federal, state, local, and private battlefields in order to catalog the administrative histories, the boundary expansions, and the preservation priorities that have occurred both at the individual sites as well as collectively over time. The scope of the NEH grant was meant to evaluate the role that the NPS, ABPP, and the Department of the Interior have played in developing and refining preservation standards used by federal and non-federal sites. This thesis integrates the two studies in order to examine the correlation between public memory and battle sites in North America. Images were created using Google Maps; Journey Through Hallowed Grounds images are i provided by the NPS website https://www.nps.gov/subjects/heritageareas/discover- nhas.htm TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………….................i ILLUSTRATIONS……………………………………………………………………….iii CHAPTER 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Apocalypse Now: War and Religion in Late Colonial and Early Republic America
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects Spring 2016 Apocalypse Now: War and Religion in Late Colonial and Early Republic America Nicole Marie Penn College of William and Mary, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Penn, Nicole Marie, "Apocalypse Now: War and Religion in Late Colonial and Early Republic America" (2016). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1477068557. http://doi.org/10.21220/S2FW2T This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Apocalypse Now: War and Religion in Late Colonial and Early Republic America Nicole M. Penn Bristow, Virginia Bachelor of Arts, University of Virginia, 2015 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William & Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of History Lyon G. Tyler Department of History The College of William and Mary August 2016 © Copyright by Nicole M. Penn 2016 ABSTRACT French “Idolators,” British “Heretics,” Native “Heathens”: The Seven Years’ War in North America as a Religious Conflict With France and Great Britain as its primary belligerents, the Seven Years' War was an international conflict with a decidedly religious dimension, one based on the longstanding rivalry between Catholicism and Protestantism. In North America, the conflict galvanized clergymen in both the British and French colonies to frame the war as a religious struggle with potentially apocalyptic consequences.
    [Show full text]
  • Visitor Weekend Program
    Independence Day Weekend at Fort Ticonderoga Saturday July 4 & Sunday July 5, 2020 10:15 a.m. Key to the Continent Guided Tour (Begins at large American Flag) Could Ticonderoga have been held by the Continental Army in 1777? Was its loss a disaster or a prudent retreat? Create your own answers to questions that have enthralled officers and armchair generals alike for 243 years. During this 30-minute guided tour, explore how two decades of military occupation culminated with rich cultures and characters at Ticonderoga in 1777. 11:00 a.m. Musket Demonstration (Demonstration Area) American soldiers, behind a wall of earth, steadied their nerves to hold their ground as the British Army landed to attack in 1777. See how an army of farmers and tradesmen used their muskets & bayonets to hold back British and German regular soldiers. 11:45 a.m. Breaking Ground: A Tour of the Historic Gardens (Begins in the King’s Garden) From military garrison gardens to a secluded colonial revival commemorative spectacle of color and light, explore one of the oldest cultivated landscapes in America. Discover the layers of horticultural history of the Ticonderoga peninsula. 1:15 p.m. Key to the Continent Guided Tour (Begins at large American Flag) See 10:15 a.m. description 2:00 p.m. Cannon Demonstration (Recreated Redoubt) Watch a cannon and its crew in their element, holding the British Army back with shots fired from the earthen walls of a redoubt. Explore how the science of gunnery and field fortification were applied in the defense of Ticonderoga in July 1777.
    [Show full text]