Facts &figures ative Migration Studies 4, 14. For information, more seeJaulin,T. ‘Geographies voting:theTunisian ofexternal (2016), electionsabroad since the2011 Uprising’, Compar organique n°2019-76 du30août 2019: https://legislation-securite.tn/fr/node/44286. consolidée delaloiorganique n°2014-16 du26mai2014, auxélectionsetréférendums relative telle que modifiéeet complétée parlaloi 2 Tunisians electionssince abroad 2011. havehadtherightto electionssince Version vote inpresidential 1988, andinparliamentary Full available at:https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/73374/74946/F-1287339442/TUN-73374.pdf text inFrench decade. en to passon Tunisian Thelegal to theirchildren. change nationality African similarlegislationinotherNorth predated states byovera as husbands, evensame extent if marriedto a foreigner, approval. with her father’s This is important to the diaspora, as itenables wom 74 ofJuly12,1993 modified the Code du Statut Personnel to givewivestheright to transfer to the to children herpatrimonyandnationality 1 1963 Code de la Nationalité Tunisienne, available at : https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2022022/5e00d4e64.pdf .Amendment no. 93- % ofemigrants in total population l’étranger al-tūnisiyyūn fi-l-khārij Terminology: refers to itsdiaspora as‘Tunisians abroad’ (: Remittances inflow(USD million): Remittances asashareofGDP: ), althoughtheterm diaspora isalsousedinsomecontexts. Tunisia doesnothaveadiaspora engagementpolicy. TUNISIA Diaspora engagementmapping ;also

التونسية اجلالية التونسية % ofwhich in theEU

5.3 1,936 %

al-jāliyyah al-tūnisiyyah; French: Top countries ofdestination Political rights At embassies/consulates Voting fromabroad: Dual citizenship for citizensresidingabroad Right tovote innationalelections اخلارج املقيمون يف التونسيون املقيمون يف اخلارج 1 22,894 38,220 109,387 130,541 427,897 tunisiens résidents à tunisiensrésidents

2

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TUNISIA - - - - 10 Despite this, Despite 9 Following theFollowing

11 was a result of demands from a result demands from of was The number of diaspora representatives in the of diaspora The number 3 sets out a number of measures relevant to diaspora diaspora to relevant of measures sets out a number 5 was firstly elaborated in 2012, when Tunisia undertook a series Tunisia 2012, when in elaborated firstly was 7 6 Its current state of implementation remains unclear. One of the strategy’s five pillars remains of implementation unclear. Its current state 8 4 launch of the Tunisian Presidential Programme in 2009, the focus of strategic policies turned of strategic the focus in 2009, Presidential Programme launch of the Tunisian Tunisians in the diaspora feel a strong motivation to contribute to the development process in process the development to contribute to motivation a strong feel in the diaspora Tunisians of origin. invest and open businesses in their villages and many choose to their home country, OTE) within the Ministry of Tunisiens à l’Etranger, des (Office Tunisians Abroad of The Office promoteto in 1988 was initially established Tunisians Abroad, Solidarity and Affairs, Social abroad. migrants of Tunisian national identity and support the integration Trends Trends and management on diaspora policy be focused to tended migration Tunisian Historically, Tunisia’s labour (e)migration. or social services provision well as controlling as this group, to and by EU states. by Tunisians as transactional widely considered was approach

protecting the rights and interests of Tunisian migrants and strengthening between the links migrants them the rights and interests of Tunisian protecting at socio-economic development to of migration strengthening the contribution and with Tunisia; The strategy of Tunisians. regular migration and promoting the local, regional and national levels; and strengthening enable these of institutions as priorities to reform also recognises governance be achieved. objectives to The National Migration StrategyThe National Migration consultation A Strategy. of the National Migration version first the that led to of consultations including the partners, national and international launched in July 2017 with various was process diaspora. areunder which in relationincluded objectives to: inclusion’, and social development ‘human is engagement, including: strengthening links with diaspora organisations and communities abroad; abroad; and communities organisations engagement, strengthening including: with diaspora links in their country abroad of residence, including agreements the human rights of Tunisians protecting of skills and the transfer opportunities new for and creating social protection; on international investment. to and diaspora a target It includes experience, transfer tech of especially in terms in the country their annual holiday taking abroad 5% to from of Tunisians the percentage increase 30% by 2020. Tunisians abroad for greater political rights, i.e. the right to become representatives in the Assembly, rights, i.e. political representatives become in the Assembly, greater right to the for abroad Tunisians President. become to dual nationals for and the right unique in this Tunisia which makes the size of the diaspora, to parliament is proportional Tunisian regard. 2016-2020 Plan Development National The Organic Law N° 2014-16, Relating to Elections and Referenda to Relating LawOrganic 2014-16, N°

tent/uploads/2018/04/EuroMeSCo-Joint-Policy-Study_EU-Tunisia-Partnership.pdf tent/uploads/2018/04/EuroMeSCo-Joint-Policy-Study_EU-Tunisia-Partnership.pdf Constraints. and Accumulation Skills Trajectories, Diaspora: Tunisian the of Investments (2019)G. Transnational Tejada S.G., Delahaye 10 Cham Science. Springer, Management to Networks Business. Contributions in International Diaspora I. (eds) In: Elo M., Minto-Coy 1988. law n ° 60-88 of June 2, (OTE): Art.14, Tunisians Abroad of 11 The Office 8 http://ote.nat.tn/la-strategie-nationale-migratoire-snm-2017/ 8 http://ote.nat.tn/la-strategie-nationale-migratoire-snm-2017/ Emigra WEINAR (ed.), in Agnieszka and control’ between protection and its diaspora: ‘Tunisia 9 See, alia, Poussel, S (2017:205-220), inter (Ed) , et al (2018), and Cohen-Hadria Cham: Springer; of mobility, policies in the age tion and diaspora at: https://www.euromesco.net/wp-con Available Joint Policy Study. – What Next?, Partnership EUROMESCO Privileged The Eu-Tunisia english/2019-10/04/c_138448615.htm only) at: http://www.mdici.gov.tn/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Note_d_Orientation_2016_2020_VF.PDF (Arabic text available 5 Full 6 Ibid. at: http://ote.nat.tn/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/SNM_FRA_FINALE.pdf text7 Full available /TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda Migration Comparative Uprising, the 2011 since elections abroad 4 Jaulin, Thibaut (2016). of external voting: the Tunisian ‘Geographies reserved elections saw The 2019 18 seats deputies representing the Tuni 4. for Studies Migration Comparative 2016’. Springer Studies, ; http://www.xinhuanet.com/ see http://www.migrationpolicycentre.eu/docs/migration_profiles/Tunisia.pdf sian community abroad, 3 Loi organique n° 2014-16 du 26 mai 2014, relative aux élections et référendums, available at: http://www.isie.tn/wp-content/up available relative aux élections et référendums, du 26 mai 2014, n° 2014-16 organique 3 Loi available at: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/ is An unofficial English version loads/2018/01/Loi-Organique-n%C2%B02014-16.pdf. • Overview policy of the framework and legislative • •

2017

2016 2014

TUNISIA tranger/ 14 https://www.webmanagercenter.com/2018/12/03/427784/budget-2019-necessite-dune-strategie-nationale-pour-les-tunisiens-a-le (BAD) andIOM,2012. Migrations desTunisiens13 Kriaa,M.etal(2012). défisetperspectives, enLibye :Dynamiques, :Banque Africaine deDéveloppement Pid]=27&tx_ttnews[pointer]=12&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=605&cHash=528bb871d5bf29394505cc7516888ca4 12 Tunisian ofForeign Affairs. Ministry co-operation Priority fields: http://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/index.php?id=27&L=2&tx_ttnews[back • • • • Obstacles • • • • Lack ofresources for diaspora engagement: Thisisanotherfactorand risks disengagement. feeding into thelackoftrustmentionedabove. development andimplementation isasourceoffrustration policy butthegap engagement, between many inthediaspora concerning asaboldandcomprehensivestrategy migration anddiaspora Slow implementation: effectivemore diasporareforms. despite institutionalandother engagement, Poor coordination calls for to beestablished. adedicated diaspora ministry Affairs beingthelead agency for diaspora engagement becauseofthislegacy, havebeen andthere diaspora However, engagement. ofSocial concerns remain there inthediaspora abouttheMinistry The 2011 helpedclear revolution theslate inthisregard, creating muchgreater for opportunities perceived as linkedas these were engagement, to the government’s focus on controlling emigration. Lack oftrust: centres, isinsufficient tomobilisediaspora contributions effectively in andthe US. allocated toresources diaspora diaspora andinparticular engagement, outreach andcommunity the Observatoire NationalpourlaMigration, to helpdevelop anevidencethe Observatoire baseregarding thiskey collection tools (such ofoverseas asaregister professionals), andresearch bodies,inparticular through theOTE,In additionto newservices thegovernment hassoughtto introduce newdata of Social a specificmigration withintheMinistry department Affairs. contributions theTunisian diaspora could offer to nationaldevelopment efforts byestablishing Following the2011 elections,thenewlyappointed government recognised thepotential foran opportunity introduced. andpolicieswere achange andnewstructures indirection, The 2011 - influenced revolution andsupported bydiaspora contributions andactivism-provided and knowledge transfer. diaspora, businessnetworks, aswelleconomic benefitsfromremittances andinvestment, to the includingprovisionincreasingly ofsocialandcultural to national development, services abroad in order to boost the country’s economic development. abroad in order to boostthecountry’s targeting thediaspora, andcalledfor for adedicated nationalstrategy theTunisian community resourcesallocated insufficient the nationalassemblyargued were thatthere for programmes During consultations onthe 2019 ofSocial budget Affairs, for theMinistry in representatives (see priority national strategy Spotlightsection). Historically, has been alack of trustingovernment there for structures diaspora between institutions responsible for institutionsresponsible between diaspora issuescontinues to beabarrierto Thedevelopment oftheNationalMigration Strategy was wellreceivedby 12

Thediaspora havecomplained thatgovernment 14

13

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TUNISIA ------19 17 15 16 18 Effective practices Effective

17 http://meetafrica.fr 18 http://meetafrica.fr/projets/tunisie/ ; https://oecd-devel 19 http://www.migration4development.org/sites/m4d.emakina-eu.net/files/jmdi_funded_projects-tunisia_1.pdf opment-matters.org/2017/01/10/migration-an-overlooked-tool-for-local-development/ 15 https://ec.europa.eu/trustfundforafrica/region/north-africa/tunisia/favoriser-la-mise-en-oeuvre-de-la-strategie-nationale-migratoire-de- la_en; http://www.ins.tn/sites/default/files/pdf_actualites/Pr%C3%A9sentation%20ProGreS_C1%20-%20Lancement%20TUN-HIMS%20_ DS_191010.pdf 16 Source: https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/page.jsp/id=235 sant Rouge National Tunisien, and COSPE– Cooperazione per lo Sviluppo dei Paesi Emergenti. dei Paesi per lo Sviluppo Cooperazione and COSPE– National Tunisien, sant Rouge address a critical lack of health infrastructure in the regional Kasserine Hospital, and surrounding health health surrounding and Hospital, regionalthe in Kasserine infrastructure addresshealth of lack critical a develop initiative aimed to system” socio-health of Kasserine the Governorate to centres. The “Support Crois communityTunisian residing in Italy, with the support of the practices resources and more effective ine socio-health system ine socio-health to Italy, community residing in Tuscany, has partnered the Tunisian with Kasserine of The governorate Joint Migration and Development Initiative (JMDI): and Development Joint Migration of Kasser the Governorate to Support and mentoring, as well as access to start-up funds, for diaspora investors in different African countries. African in different investors diaspora funds, for start-up to as well as access and mentoring, health, and technology, such as science in sectors enterprises of diaspora it supports a range In Tunisia agriculture. and organic energy, renewable A partnership between the French Development Agency (AFD) and Expertise France to support innovative support innovative to Expertiseand France (AFD) between partnership A Agency French the Development expert that provides advice Process Rabat the of entrepreneurship, this is a flagship programme diaspora MEETAfrica (Mobilisation Européenne pour l’Entrepreneuriat en Afrique) Européenne (Mobilisation MEETAfrica This initiative from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Central Bank of Tunisia facilitates diaspora invest diaspora facilitates Tunisia Bank of Central and the MinistryThis initiative from Affairs of Foreign and transactions, of digitalisation businesses, start-up entrepreneurship,and ment supportincluding for foreign regulations. of moreexchange development flexible Facilitating Diaspora Investment and Entrepreneurship Investment and Diaspora Facilitating bilisation and development of employment and investment opportunities through diaspora mobilisation, diaspora and investment opportunities of employment through bilisation and development investors. diaspora including support for these focuses on migration governance to operationalise the National Migration Strategy; to implement to Strategy; Migration the National operationalise to governance on migration these focuses implemen and (TUNISIA coordination improve -HIMS); and to surveya statistical Tunisia in migration on mo focuses on diaspora GIZ, supported by The second, components. programme the different of tation This partnership programme aims to strengthen migration governance and institutional coordination in coordination institutional and governance strengthen migration to aims programme partnership This of the first engagement. ICMPD, support With from diaspora to with two relevant components Tunisia, Migration Governance and Strategy Programme (ProGres Tunisie) (ProGres Programme Strategy and Governance Migration SPOTLIGHT: SPOTLIGHT:

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

HEALTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP PARTNERSHIP INVESTMENT + + INVESTMENT

TUNISIA Community ofSahel–SaharanCommunity States Arab League Citizens andDiaspora Directorate (AU CIDO) Continental Meetings. Tunisia isamemberoftheAfrican Unionandnominates adiaspora focal oftheAfrican pointaspart Union African UnionCitizensandDiaspora Directorate (AU CIDO) • Diaspora relatedinstitutions List ofActors Annex: their access to information andknowledge sharing, rather althoughitremains atthisstage. theoretical diaspora effectively, groups actors; to andassociations, civilsociety network enhancing their ability willing to participate indevelopment initiatives. This database facilitates organisations, contacts between The Office of TunisiansAbroad maintains adatabase ofskilleddiaspora andthosethatmightbe (OTE) The Office for Tunisiansabroad (Office des Tunisiensàl’Etranger, OTE) MFA andtheCentral Bank,itisdeveloping diaspora investmentschemes. forThe MDIICisresponsible investmentpromotions anddevelopment cooperation. Inpartnership withthe for Development,InvestmentandInternationalCooperation (MDIIC) Ministry sian diaspora incountries ofresidence. The MFA for isresponsible consular affairs. Tunisian consular socialaffairs officers provideadvice to Tuni ofForeign Affairs (MFA)Ministry Abroad (see below). the Office of TunisiansAbroad, theNationalMigration Observatory, andtheHigher Council for Tunisians for Social AffairsThe Ministry istheleadfor migration ministry issuesand for Tunisians abroad. for SocialAffairs Ministry • https://web.archive.org/web/20110917064539/http://www.uneca.org/cen-sad/fr/index.htm • • { { National institutions At regional level { { At level sub-ministerial At ministerial level http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/ar/Pages/default.aspx www.au-cido.int It oversees -

TUNISIA - - - - -

22

www.atuge.org

http://data.migration.nat.tn/fr/

20 rance, 1990 Kingdom United rance, One activity of this work will be the review and updating of the 21

Development activities Development 20 https://www.webmanagercenter.com/2018/07/24/422655/les-decrets-portant-sur-la-creation-du-conseil-superieur-des-tunisiens-a-le 20 tranger-seront-bientot-publies-adel-jarboui/ April 2020 ICMPD Tunisia, communication, 21 Personal 22 http://consulat-tunisie.ca/ presence in Tunis, and London and runs an international network strengthen international an cooper to runs and works that London and Paris Tunis, in presence in the Tunisians in all three connect to cities and organised investment events through ation with Tunisia regular and projects. events through with Tunisia diaspora ATUGE is a non-profit, professionals’ association. A network of more people,3500 than professionals’ Tunisian diaspora is a non-profit, ATUGE has a ATUGE Ecoles. and alumni of French Grandes students, young graduates brings together ATUGE Association des Tunisiens des Grandes Ecoles (ATUGE) F (ATUGE) Ecoles des Grandes Association des Tunisiens Diaspora organisations in Europe Diaspora administrative fields. administrative Originally created in 1972, the Social Attachés are assigned to Tunisian embassies and consulates in Eu embassies and consulates are Tunisian assigned to Attachés the Social in 1972, Originally created of social in terms nationals abroad, the interests of Tunisian protect world to and the Arab rope, health, judicial and encountered in out difficulties and ironing conflicts, marital handling security coverage, Social Attachés Social Attachés in order to support the activities of the Tunisian community; to design and implement social mentoring implement social mentoring design and community; to support the activities of the Tunisian to in order activities. and educational cultural pursue enable young people to and to the diaspora; for programmes Dar El-tounsi network of socio-cultural in 2000 spaces of the Tunisian’) (‘House the Dar El-tounsi established The OTE ‘Jelia’ directory of Tunisians Resident Abroad. ONM Data Portal: Portal: ONM Data Abroad. Resident directory‘Jelia’ of Tunisians provides access to reports and ONM’s databases. ONM has started working with the Ministry working ONM has started databases. of Foreign reports to ONM’s and access provides and the diaspora, in to migration relation collection and management to strengthen information Affairs and in particular institutional coordination. ONM is a public administrative institution under the supervision of the Ministry of Social Affairs. It is re under the supervision institution ONM is a public administrative of the Ministry Affairs. Social of ensuring that levels, and international at the national and related data information collecting sponsible for Its web portal and studies on migration. research conducting analysed regularly and it is updated and for National Migration ObservatoryNational Migration ONM) Migration, National pour la (Observatoire on draft laws and regulations, international conventions and treaties relating to Tunisians abroad. Decrees abroad. relatingTunisians laws to treaties and draft conventions regulations,on and international were be published in 2018. establishment due to its formal for The Council is a consultative body of the OTE (see above), announced in 2016, that arose from diaspora pro diaspora from above), that arose in 2016, announced (see body of the OTE is a consultative The Council be consulted It is to such a body were made in 1990. for provisions legal although onwards, 2011 posals from The Higher Council for Tunisians Abroad (Conseil Supérieur des Tunisiens à l’Etranger) des Tunisiens Supérieur (Conseil Abroad Tunisians for Council The Higher

TUNISIA services, the green economy, thegreen services, exports. and institutionalgovernance investment, andsoftskills,finance, with Tunisian diaspora inSwitzerlandtarget experts sectors suchashealth, ICTandtechnology, banking ment ofTunisia’s development objectives.ACTS priority aimsto bethereference pointfor consultation ACTS works to mobilizetheskillsofTunisians inSwitzerlandorder residing to contribute to theachieve https://www.asso-acts.ch/ Association desCompétences Tunisiennes résidantenSuisse (ACTS) inTunisiathe mostdestitute children andaround theworld. ASSEN isadiaspora humanitarian associationfounded byyoungTunisians livinginFrance. ASSENhelps EnfantsAssociation deSoutienaux (ASSEN) PONTES Ricerche e Interventi PONTES Ricerche eInterventi Association Tunisiens RivesFrance desDeux (T2RIV) 23 Source: http://www.migration4development.org/en/projects/profiles/tunisia23 Source: projectDIASPORA to promote inthediaspora. entrepreneurship grant women.Itsprojects includematernal andchildprotection centres(SMEs) inTunisia, andtheCOMACT actions ofmigrants, withaspecific focus ontheintegration ofsecond-generation youngpeopleandmi and MiddleEast African andNorth countries. PONTES was founded to promote andintegration diversity PONTES, network society whichoperates Italy andTunisia between generally, and,more Europe between isaTunisianPONTES Ricerche eInterventi diaspora organisation inItaly, ofthetransnational part civil actively engage infarming activitiesthatgenerate apermanentincome. tical skills,andremittances oftheTunisian diaspora inFrance, rural supported to women ofSidiBouzidare opment project designedto thefarming revive Supported sector prac withintheregion. bytheknowledge, Tunisiens andthegovernorate ofSidiBouzid,haverolled outalocaldevel desDeuxRivesFrance (T2RIV) ofWomen,and economic activities.TheMinistry Family inpartnership withtheAssociation andChildren, isproviding Itspriority assistance to themostdisadvantagedvelopment. through social,humanitarian T2RIV works to theTunisian support towards peopleintheirmarch democracy andde justice, freedom, Development activities Development activities Development activities Development activities

Italy 2006

http://pontes.it/ France 2010 France www.assen-asso.org https://www.t2riv.org/ 2016 23 - - - - -

TUNISIA - - www.diasporadevelopment.eu Find out more at

France 2005 France AFFORD EUDiF Development activities Development Written by: Written Edited by: April 2020 areas of development, economic meetings, cultural exhibitions, organisation of a ‘Tunisia week’, visits, and week’, of a ‘Tunisia of development, exhibitions,areas organisation meetings, cultural economic diaspora. the targeting internships sia. The network, created in 2005 in , works to mobilize the skills of Tunisians abroad for development. for abroad in Lille, mobilize the skills of Tunisians in 2005 sia. The network, to works created to dedicated OTE for platform a is developing ALYSSA Tunisia. in projects education funds for raises It also in various projects serve to the world, intended for calls around as a hub for organisations diaspora Tunisian Réseau ALYSSA is an international network of Tunisian skills. It is an apolitical diaspora association bring diaspora skills. It is an apolitical network is an international of Tunisian ALYSSA Réseau in solidarity exchange, to origin with Tuni value share and create of Tunisian of people a group ing together https://www.facebook.com/pg/R%C3%A9seau-Alyssa-page-officielle-275194449168822/about/ Réseau ALYSSA ALYSSA Réseau

TUNISIA