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New Records of Semiaquatic Species Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) from Japan, with a Description of Marionina Biwaensis Sp

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New Records of Semiaquatic Species Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) from Japan, with a Description of Marionina Biwaensis Sp T. TORII Turk J Zool 2012; 36(1): 15-24 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1003-111 New records of semiaquatic species Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) from Japan, with a description of Marionina biwaensis sp. nov. Takaaki TORII* IDEA Consultants Inc., 1334-5, Riemon, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka Pref., 421-0212, JAPAN Received: 07.03.2010 Abstract: Marionina biwaensis sp. nov. is described from Lake Biwa. Th is new species diff ers from all other Marionina species: lacking lateral chaetae completely and ventral chaetae in II, segment number 38-43, origin of dorsal blood vessel XV or XVI, spermathecal ampullae with irregular protuberances and chaetal distribution 1 per postclitellar bundles. In addition, the descriptions of M. coatesae, M. nevisensis, and M. riparia are augmented and recorded here for the fi rst time in Japan. Key words: Clitellata, Enchytraeidae, Marionina, Marionina biwaensis sp. n., Japan Introduction Lumbricillus lineatus (Müller, 1774); and Fridericia Th ere have been many studies of Enchytraeidae perrieri (Vejdovsky, 1878). Unidentifi ed Marionina in Asia. In China, for example, a total of 56 species species have also been recorded from riverbanks from 16 genera of Enchytraeidae have been hitherto (Torii and Ohtaka, 2007) and moist soils (Nakamura, recorded (Wang and Cui, 2007; Chen and Xie, 2008; 1980, 1986; Fujita, 1991). It is quite probable that Chen and Xie, 2009). many undescribed species are currently present in Japan. In Japan, 18 species from 8 genera have been previously recorded. Among these studies, published Th e species richness of Enchytraeidae is records mainly concern those from terrestrial considered to be greatly underestimated. Due to habitats (Nakamura, 1980, 1984, 1986, 1993; taxonomic diffi culties, a lack of modern identifi cation Schmelz et al., 2000; Nakamura et al. 2001, 2006); guides for most taxa, and few trained and practicing only a few are recorded from aquatic or semiaquatic systematists, enchytraeids have long been neglected sites (Yamaguchi, 1953; Coates and Ellis, 1981; and are rarely identifi ed, even to the genus (Martin Torii and Ohtaka, 2007). Of these aquatic and et al., 2008). Th is paper presents 1 new species of semiaquatic fi ndings, only 4 species of enchytraeids Marionina and gives new descriptions of 3 further have been identifi ed: Lumbricillus annulatus Eisen, species of Marionina, all recorded in Japan for the 1904; Lumbricillus nipponicus (Yamaguchi, 1937); fi rst time. * E-mail: [email protected] 15 New records of semiaquatic species Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) from Japan, with a description of Marionina biwaensis sp. nov. Materials and methods duct, ne: nephridium, oe: esophagus, ph: pharyngeal All specimens were collected in Japan from pad, pg: pharyngeal glands, ppb: postpharyngeal the Shiga, Aichi, Shizuoka, Kanagawa, and bulb, sa: spermathecal ampulla, sf: sperm funnel, sv: Chiba prefectures. Living and fi xed specimens seminal vesicle, vd: vas deferens. were examined. Specimens were fi xed in either 10% formalin or 70% ethanol, sometimes aft er Results anaesthetization in low concentrations of ethanol. Specimens were dehydrated in a graded ethanol Genus Marionina Michaelsen, 1890 series, cleared in methyl salicylate, and mounted Marionina biwaensis sp. nov. whole onto slides in Canada balsam. Unless otherwise specifi ed in the descriptions, measurements refer to (Figure 1a-1h) whole-mounted specimens. Specimens examined in Type material. Holotype: 1 fully mature specimen, this study were deposited in the National Museum of Lake Biwa, Ohura, Nishiasai-cho, Shiga Prefecture, Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan (NSMT). Japan, 35°27ʹ23ʺN, 136°06ʹ29ʺE, 14 October 2007, Abbreviations in the fi gures: (NSMT-An-404). Paratype: 6 mature and 3 immature specimens, same data as holotype, (NSMT-An-405). b: brain, c: coelomocyte, cc: chloragogen cell, co: collar of sperm funnel, dv: dorsal blood vessel, ecd: Other material: 5 mature specimens, same data as spermathecal ectal duct, end: spermathecal ental holotype. (a) (h) (b) (c) b ph 20 μm dv ppb sf (e) oe co pg sa 100 μm 100 μm (f) (d) ecd c ne (g) cc 50 μm 100 μm 100 m μ sa 10 μm Figure 1. Marionina biwaensis sp. nov. from Lake Biwa, Japan (NSMT-An-404), all fi gures from living specimen: a) anterior body region (7 segments) of a mature specimen, body interior, dorsal view, almost coelomocytes omitted; b) same, lateral view (8 segments); c) segment XI-XIII, ventral view of a mature specimen, almost coelomocytes omitted; d) chaetae, bundle of IV, whole mount, side view; e) sperm funnel; f) spermatheca; g) same, dorsal view; h) coelomocyte. 16 T. TORII Description of new materials. Body mostly conspicuous canal, funnel comprising one-third of transparent and partly opaque, due to intensely white anteseptal part. Whole anteseptale about one-third spots caused by accumulations of coelomocytes. or one-fourth of the total length of nephridium. Length 7-9 mm in vivo, 5-7 mm in fi xation; width Postseptale without a distinct transition to eff erent at clitellum 110-130 μm. Segments 38-43 (holotype: duct. Postclitellar nephridia from 14/15 onward. 41). Chaetae straight, ental hook distinct (Figure Testis paired in XI (10/11). Seminal vesicle well 1d), preclitellar chaetae 32.5-37.5 μm long (mostly developed, single, extending usually from 10/11 to 33-35 μm), 2.7-3.1 μm wide, postclitellar chaetae 11/12. Sperm funnel (Figures 1c and 1e) 110-130 μm 27.5-33 μm long (mostly 28-31 μm), 2.0-2.4 μm long and 40-70 μm wide, collar narrower than funnel wide. Chaetal formula 0-0:0,2(1)-1. Lateral chaetae body. Vas deferens narrowing from glandular part to absent, ventral chaetae absent in II. Ventral chaetae male pore, moderately long; loose or tight irregularly absent in XI, XII, and XIII in mature specimens. coiled in XII. Th ick bundles of fi liform spermatozoa Preclitellar ventral chaetae of nearly equal length. present in front of sperm funnel. Penial bulb Postclitellar chaetae slightly thinner and shorter than extension approximately one-third of body width, in preclitellar region. Chaetae equal-sized within 35-50 μm long. Vas deferens runs along anterolateral a bundle. Prostomium rounded. Head pore at 0/1. part of bulb. Bursal slit 23-25 μm long. Copulatory Epidermal gland cells inconspicuous. glands absent. No egg sac. One or two oocytes in XIII. Clitellum extending over XII–1/2XIII, cells not Paired spermathecal pores midlateral at 4/5, tall, with slightly irregular shape and distribution. spermathecae attached to esophagus in posterior of Brain (Figures 1a and 1b) in I–II, dorsoventrally V (Figures 1a and 1b). Ampulla (Figures 1f and 1g) compressed and narrow, anterior part convex, more or less oval with some small, irregular lobes posterior part deeply incised, approximately twice along ectolateral edge, but only oval or marginally as wide as anterior part, length 70-100 μm, posterior lobed in submature specimens; ental duct short and width 50-65 μm. Dorsal blood vessel originating not separate from unlobed ental part of ampulla. near 15/16 or 16/17; anteriorly bifurcating behind Sperm head penetrate in small lobes, tails extending pharyngeal pad in III, branches extending near side into cavity of ampulla. Ectal duct length less than of brain and uniting as ventral vessel (Figure 1a); ampulla plus ental duct; ectal duct surrounded by blood colorless. Pharyngeal pad slightly thickened. small, irregular gland cells; a few glands near the No esophageal appendages. Pharyngeal glands 3 ectal pore longer than the rest. pairs, the anterior 2 pairs merging dorsally at 4/5 and Habitat. Th e present specimens were collected 5/6, respectively, the third pair elongate and without from freshwater sites (northern basin of Lake Biwa), dorsal connection at 6/7, ventral lobes in IV (small) near-shore shallows, and the sandy substrate zone. and V. Paired postpharyngeal bulbs in III. Transition Th e species was the dominant oligochaete in the of esophagus to intestine gradual, no esophageal or intestinal diverticula. surface layer (5-10 cm) of interstitial sand and gravel at the locality. Coelomocytes (Figure 1h) fl attened oval, nucleate, approximately 14-18 μm long in vivo, 1.0- Etymology. Th e name “biwaensis” was given aft er 1.5 times as long as wide, fi lled with distinct, globular the type locality of the species, Lake Biwa, Japan. vesicles, but sometimes showing a granulated Remarks. M. biwaensis resembles the Hungarian cytoplasm aft er fi xations. In living specimens the M. scintillans Boros and Dózsa-Farkas, 2008; the vesicular cytoplasm appears whitish under incident Chinese M. seminuda Xie and Rota, 2001; the light. Chloragocytes dense from V or VI, slightly Holarctic M. subterranea (Knöllner, 1935); and the smaller than coelomocytes. Preclitellar nephridia 2 northern European M. glandulifera (Jansson, 1960). or 3 pairs at 7/8 to 9/10 or 8/9 to 9/10, 80-100 μm Th ese species also lack lateral chaetae and have long, sometimes 1 or both nephridia absent at 9/10. opaque coelomocytes, a pharyngeal pattern of the Anteseptal part of nephridium large, with funnel and dorsal blood vessel bifurcation, and a posteriorly 17 New records of semiaquatic species Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) from Japan, with a description of Marionina biwaensis sp. nov. incised brain (Knöllner, 1935; Jansson, 1960; Xie Coates and Stacey, 1993: 411, Figure 12; Healy and and Rota, 2001; Boros and Dózsa-Farkas, 2008). Coates, 1997: 93; Rota et al., 2003: 509-510. Th e diff erences between M. biwaensis and M. Material examined. Seven mature specimens, scintillans, M. seminuda, M. subterranea, and M. Sagami River, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture, glandulifera are as follows (see also Table): segment Japan, 35°19ʹ17ʺN, 139°21ʹ59ʺE, 2 November 2008 number (38-43 in M. biwaensis, fewer in the other (one of them has been registered as NSMT-An-406); 4 species), origin of dorsal blood vessel (XV or XVI 5 mature specimens, Kiso River, Gomyo-cho, Yatomi- in M.
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