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TAXON:Cussonia Arenicola Strey SCORE:-1.0 RATING TAXON: Cussonia arenicola Strey SCORE: -1.0 RATING: Low Risk Taxon: Cussonia arenicola Strey Family: Araliaceae Common Name(s): sand cabbage Synonym(s): Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 22 May 2017 WRA Score: -1.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Single-stemmed Shrub, Tropical, Unarmed, Shade-Tolerant, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 n conditions if not a volcanic island) Creation Date: 22 May 2017 (Cussonia arenicola Strey) Page 1 of 14 TAXON: Cussonia arenicola Strey SCORE: -1.0 RATING: Low Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 22 May 2017 (Cussonia arenicola Strey) Page 2 of 14 TAXON: Cussonia arenicola Strey SCORE: -1.0 RATING: Low Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [No evidence of domestication] "A species mainly found on the coastal sand-dunes o f northern Natal but occasionally further inland Strey, R. G. (1973). Notes on the genus Cussonia in South in sand forest (Fig. 3). The specific epithet arenicola meaning ͞ Africa. Bothalia, 11(1&2), 191-201 dwelling on sand͟was applied to this species, because it is the only species which is confined to sandy habitats." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Distribution Mozambique M Inhaca I., Delagoa Bay, 1·6 km. S. of Marine Station, Inhaca, fl. & fr. 31.viii.1959, Watmough 305 (LISC; JSTOR Global Plants. 1978. Entry for Cussonia arenicola SRGH).Mozambique GI between Vilanculos and Mapinhane, fl. Strey [family ARALIACEAE]. Entry From FZ, Vol 4, Part 0, 1.ix.1942, Mendonça 67 (LISC). Distribution (external) northern page 621, (1978) Author: J. F. M. Cannon. plants.jstor.org Natal" 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes JSTOR Global Plants. 1978. Entry for Cussonia arenicola Strey [family ARALIACEAE]. Entry From FZ, Vol 4, Part 0, page 621, (1978) Author: J. F. M. Cannon. plants.jstor.org 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Source(s) Notes Strey, R. G. (1973). Notes on the genus Cussonia in South "A species mainly found on the coastal sand-dunes of northern Natal Africa. Bothalia, 11(1&2), 191-201 but occasionally further inland in sand forest" "Habitat: Apparently confined to coastal sand dunes, but JSTOR Global Plants. 1978. Entry for Cussonia arenicola occasionally occurring further inland in open woodland on sandy Strey [family ARALIACEAE]. Entry From FZ, Vol 4, Part 0, soils." ... " Altitude range: 0-100 inferred from habitat" page 621, (1978) Author: J. F. M. Cannon. plants.jstor.org Creation Date: 22 May 2017 (Cussonia arenicola Strey) Page 3 of 14 TAXON: Cussonia arenicola Strey SCORE: -1.0 RATING: Low Risk Qsn # Question Answer Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "Distribution Mozambique M Inhaca I., Delagoa Bay, 1·6 km. S. of Marine Station, Inhaca, fl. & fr. 31.viii.1959, Watmough 305 (LISC; JSTOR Global Plants. 1978. Entry for Cussonia arenicola SRGH).Mozambique GI between Vilanculos and Mapinhane, fl. Strey [family ARALIACEAE]. Entry From FZ, Vol 4, Part 0, 1.ix.1942, Mendonça 67 (LISC). Distribution (external) northern page 621, (1978) Author: J. F. M. Cannon. plants.jstor.org Natal" Does the species have a history of repeated 205 ? introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes Unable to find evidence of widespread or repeated introduction WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication outside native range. 301 Naturalized beyond native range n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd No evidence Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Lorence, D.H. 2017. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Institution, No evidence to date Washington, D.C. http://botany.si.edu/. [Accessed 22 May 2017] 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd No evidence Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd No evidence Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall 304 Environmental weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd No evidence Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall 305 Congeneric weed n Source(s) Notes Creation Date: 22 May 2017 (Cussonia arenicola Strey) Page 4 of 14 TAXON: Cussonia arenicola Strey SCORE: -1.0 RATING: Low Risk Qsn # Question Answer Cussonia arborea reported to be naturalized "Cussonia arborea Hochst. ex A. Rich. Araliaceae Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd Total N° of Refs: 1 Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall Preferred Climate/s: Tropical Major Pathway/s: Crop References: Senegal-N-1796" 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs n Source(s) Notes [No evidence] "Single-stemmed shrubs, 1-2 m high; stems 1-2 cm thick, arising singly from a globose, ovoid or turbinate tuber; basal tubers up to 14 cm broad and up to 25 cm long often several spaced along a single root; bark smooth greenish or grey. Leaves glabrous or with scattered scale-like papillae at the articulations, twice compound, first division digitate, bearing vertebrate leaflets; petiole ribbed, terete, up to 25 cm long, 2-4 mm thick; stipules intrapetiolar, Strey, R. G. (1973). Notes on the genus Cussonia in South joined at the base, adnate to the base o f the petiole, lobes 2-3 mm Africa. Bothalia, 11(1&2), 191-201 long; limb o f the leaf sub-circular in outline, about 20 cm in diam.; leaflets 4-7(12) per leaf, 6-18 cm long, chartaceous, dark green above, dull green beneath, margin revolute, serrate, 1-3 times vertebrate, petiolules about 1(2) cm long, usually narrowly winged, rhachilla wings obtriangular to obhastate; pinnules up to 9 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, sessile, 1-5, obovate-oblanceolate, or trullate, base cuneate, rounded, acute or apiculate." 402 Allelopathic Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication Unknown 403 Parasitic n Source(s) Notes Strey, R. G. (1973). Notes on the genus Cussonia in South "Single-stemmed shrubs, 1-2 m high" [Araliaceae.
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