World Population Day

World Population Day (WPD) is an annual event, observed on July 11 every year, which seeks to raise awareness about global population issues.

The event was established by the Governing Council of United Nation Development Programmer (UNDP) in 1989. It was inspired by the public interest on Five Billion Day on July 11, 1987, (approximately the date on which the World’s population reached Five Billion people).

Need for Population Stabilization has increasingly become indispensible as population beyond the sustainable limit perpetuate poverty, child labour, school drop-outs, malnutrition, Infant Mortality & Morbidity, Maternal Mortality & Morbidity , proliferation of slums and a host of communicable diseases, besides creating a dangerous imbalance between resource, environment and population.

Hence, the efforts towards Population Stabilization must be an integral element of development process in all countries, which is essential for ensuring a higher quality of life for people. As the problem is multifaceted, the solution also demands contribution from multiple departments particularly social welfare, education etc.

The national theme of this year’s “World Population Day” is

“Chhota Parivar- Sukhi Parivar”

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI takes special initiative in observation of the WPD.

Government of Delhi adopts guidelines & celebrates accordingly.

The first fortnight (27 th June to 10 th July) is known as “Dampati Sampark Pakhwada” or

Mobilization Fortnight wherein Behavioral Charge Communication activities like Health Talk,

Focused Group Discussion, Role play, Nukkad Natak are organized in all the districts to enhance the awareness for Modern methods of contraception and adoption of Family Planning and small family norms.

Second Fortnight (11 th -24 th July) is known as “Jansankhya Sthirtha Pakhwada” as Population

Stabilization Fortnight wherein intensified service provision activities in the form of various NSV/

Tubectomy/ IUCD camps are organized at identified facilities across the state.

Though Family Planning Services and counseling are available in Public health facilities across all

Agencies in the State, the activities are undertaken in an intensified manner over two fortnights.

See below for the details of activities undertaken during Population Stablization Fortnight for the year 2012.

Report World Population Day & Fortnights 2012

Directorate of Family Welfare Govt. of NCT of Delhi

REPORT ON WORLD POPULATION DAY CELEBRATION 2012 STATE OF DELHI Introduction: World Population Day (WPD) is an annual event, observed on July 11 every year, which seeks to raise awareness about global population issues.

The event was established by the Governing Council of United Nation Development Programmer (UNDP) in 1989. It was inspired by the public interest in Five Billion Day on July 11, 1987, (approximately the date on which the World‟s population reached Five Billion people).

Need for Population Stabilization has increasingly become indispensible as population beyond the sustainable limit perpetuate & poverty, child Labour, school drop-outs, Malnutrition, Infant Mortality & Morbidity, Maternal Mortality & morbidity , proliferation of slums and a host of communicable diseases, besides creating a dangerous imbalance between resource, environment and population.

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI takes special initiative in observation of the WPD.

The Global theme of WPD 2012 was: “Universal Access to Reproductive Health Services” The national theme of this year‟s “World Population Day” was “Khushali Ka Adhaar Chhota Parivar”

"खुशहाली का आधार छोटा पररवार"

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GoI provided guidelines, instructions and funds to all States for celebration of WPD and observation of Two fortnights around the WPD (11th July). Expected Level of Achievements (ELAs‟) were also allocated to States for Sterilization & Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD).

The Directorate of Family Welfare Delhi accordingly observed:  Mobilization Fortnight or Dampati Sampark Pakhwada(DSP) during the preceding fortnight (27th June to 10th July 2012) and  Population Stabilization Fortnight or Jansankhya Sthirta Pakhwada (JSP) ( 11th July to 27 July 2012) during the following fortnight to promote Population Stabilization.

The brief summary of activities undertaken was as follows:- I. Dissemination of guidelines to districts: An orientation sensitization meeting was held on 21.06.2012 to appraise all RCH Nodal officers at districts and at hospitals about the what, how, when, where and how much to do for celebration of WPD and related Pakhwadas (fortnights):

[Pic: WPD 2012 Orientation-Sensitization Meeting at DFW]

i. A road map was sketched out for districts; ELAs were allocated to districts based on population of districts (for further passing on rationally to organizations within the district). Handholding done on dissemination of guidelines to facilities within the district through provision of resource material for meetings, at district level. Strategies were suggested for achievement of ELA‟s. ii. Guidelines for IEC material preparation, dissemination and display along with suggested drafts were provided. iii. Activities to be undertaken including District level orientation meeting, Mega event (Mega Camp), Camps, School competitions, Mobilization, Daily contraceptive services provision, etc. were told. iv. Strategies for convergence with other sectors and organization were suggested. v. Strategies for demand generation, exploration of unmet need at community level and facility level were told. vi. Reporting mechanism to be followed during these two fortnights was outlined. Formats were provided and discussed. 3

vii. Information about the planned „finale event‟ was shared, so that all could prepare for State level exhibition, decide the best district level candidates for State level Awards and send the nominations for various categories of awards to be decided at State Level. The provisional date was announced as 31.07.12.

II. Communication and Appraisal of all relevant stakeholders: The State quickly wrote to relevant departments, sectors, organizations, agencies to bring about convergence in the celebration and observation of WPD. The various departments/sectors roped in were: i. Education department: IEC among school children about population stabilization and related issues was planned. Cooperation and active participation of the school staff for conduct of school competitions (Poster/Slogan/Debates, etc. on population, sex ratio, child survival and other related issues) was sought. ii. Delhi Medical Association: for appraisal and active involvement of private practitioners. iii. Mobile Health Scheme: DHS was requested for running Family Planning activity during the fortnights through the mobile vans under Mobile health Scheme. iv. School Health Scheme, DHS: for involvement of school health staff in IEC and competition. v. ASHA scheme: DSHM, SPO (ASHA) was requested for intensifying ground level IEC, motivation, mobilization, etc. through ASHA‟s by apprising District ASHA Nodal officers. The monthly refresher training for ASHA‟s for the month of July was requested to be dedicated to topics related to Population Stabilization. vi. CDMO’s and Medical Superintendents were apprised through dedicated letters to each seeking their involvement and support in activities. Similar action was sought from district authorities; so that the convergence activities could be replicated at districts in a decentralized and focused manner. .

III. Mobilization Fortnight (Dampati Sampark Pakhwada) 27th June to 10th July, 2012 Extensive demand generation activities through involvement of the health functionaries at all levels including Medical Officers, ANMs, ASHAs and Aganwari workers etc. were undertaken planned between 27th June to 10th July 2012.

4 a) Tracking of eligible couples: All field health functionaries (including those at primary health centers, maternity homes and hospitals) were involved in updating the eligible couple registers in their defined population/clientage as applicable. The field workers (ASHA and ANM) were specifically trained and sensitized in identifying the Couples with unmet contraceptive need in their assigned population so that through proper counseling, most of these could be provided coverage as per their contraceptive choice.

Pic: Health Talk, Mobilization Fortnight Pic: Counseling Desk (North East District) (South West District)

b) IEC Activities: i. There were extensive display of IEC in the form of banners, Posters and distribution of pamphlets on various issues related to Population Stabilization. The drafts & designs were provided by the State for all districts to replicate/modify/improvise, etc. so that within the available short span of time the material could be arranged, disseminated and displayed.

ii. All OPD slips during the Pakhwadas were stamped or stickered with the information on Pakhwadas. iii. Focus group discussions, health talks, nukkad nataks on topics related to Population Stabilization, contraceptive methods etc. were conducted/performed at health centres with support & guidance of district BCC officers and RCH Nodal officers.

Pic: Nukkad Natak at DGD Baprolla, West District

iv. Quiz/Slogan competitions were held among ASHA‟s/ANM‟s/Medical Officer‟s. The best entries and Posters were felicitated at district level.

v. Mega Events at districts: To reach out to assembly and block levels, mega-events were conducted at selected venues in all districts. The activities undertaken in these events included campaigning about Population Stabilization issues, stalls on these issues, rallies, counseling & referral services. Local leaders, NGO‟s and other activist groups in respective areas were involved through special efforts undertaken by all CDMO‟s. The details of events in the 9 districts are shown in table-1. Table -1 Mega Event on WPD. District Date Venue Activity South 23.7.2012 Sangam Vihar, J-Block Health Mela West 24.7.2012 Organized by DGD Nangloi at Regar Chopal, Health Mela JJ Colony II North 13.7.2012 Sant Parmanad Hospital Health Mela East 14 .7.2012 to Lal Bahadur Shastri Hospital Health Mela 16.7.2012 South West 11.7.2012, Rao Tula Ram Memorial Hospital Health Mela, 12.7.2012 Dada Dev Avum Matri Shishu Chiktsalya Rally North West 10.07.2012 Swaroop Nagar Rally 6

North East 21.7.12 Maternity Home, Chandiwala Rally Central 24.7.2012 Badi Panchayti Dharamshala Health Mela New Delhi 24.7.2012 Janta Camp near Bhairon Baba Mandir Parking Health Mela

Health Mela (East District) Rally (North East district)

vi. A multitude of IEC activities were also undertaken at State level including:  Metro Stations and trains were covered for one month w.e.f. 27.06.2012 to 26.07.2012 with information on World Population day keeping in mind the wide and varied clientage of metro trains thus covering school going, Adolescents College going youth, service couples of all age groups and even service providers from various departments and organizations.

[Pic: Inderlok Metro Station] [Pic: Metro Coach]

 DMA Bulletin: In order to evoke a significant response from private practitioners and to instill a sense of partnership with public sector among private practitioners, a detailed advertisement sensitizing the need for their

contribution towards contraceptive coverage and population stabilization was published in the DMA Bulletin of July 2012. DMA Bulletin July 2012

SENSITIZATION OF PRIVATE SECTOR

 All India Radio: Radio talks on Population Stabilization, theme of the year and publicity on camps were aired during the fortnights. c) Counseling Corners at primary facilities and Counseling Desk in hospitals & maternity homes: Counseling and promoting adoption of temporary/permanent methods of contraception was intensively undertaken through establishment of Contraceptive Corners and Counseling Desks. This helped the clients to take an appropriate and well informed decision in adopting a contraceptive method from a basket of choice offered. Clients from all OPD‟s in hospitals and also from among visitors could thus be covered. The unmet need of contraception was also explored among patients admitted in wards of various departments in hospitals. As a result of all these activities a large number of couples have been covered through counseling, contraceptive coverage, etc. (see Table-4 for data).

Pic: Counseling Corner at Dada Dev Hospital Pic: Contraceptive Counseling (South West District) (West District)

d) School Competitions: i. Poster/Slogan competitions were organized in 34 schools across the State on relevant topics. A total of 774 children participated. The winners were felicitated at school and district level. Entries from districts were scrutinized at State level and awarded on 31.7.12 in the „Finale Function‟. ii. The district level winner entries of school competitions held during WPD 2011 from all districts were also scrutinized and State level winners decided. iii. A total of 12 students (6 each for Poster and Slogans for the years 2011 & 2012) were awarded at the State level function.

Pic: Poster making competition Pic: Slogan writing competition (East District) (South West District)

IV. Population Stabilization Fortnight (Jansankhya Sthirta Pakhwada-JSP) 11th July to 24th July 2012 Between 11th July to 24th July 2012, intensified contraceptive services were provided at all Govt. Hospitals involved routinely in delivery of family planning services. a) Multiple meetings were undertaken at State level for streamlining reports/organization of events/deciding felicitations. b) Daily performance of sterilization services: During the JSP, the hospitals following „fixed day strategy” for sterilization service were also converted to “daily strategy”. This was done by diversion of staff and efforts to Family Planning clinics and Operation Theatres within the hospitals/districts. This helped take care of enhanced referrals from peripheral centres. NSV, Tubectomy, IUCD performance during this period practically doubled. c) Camps: A number of camps (IUCD, NSV, and Tubectomy) were organized to increase awareness among couples, counsel them for adoption of various methods and prompt

provision of services. The details of the camps conducted in various districts are summarized in Table-2. Table-2 Details of Family Planning camps during Population Stabilization Fortnight (PSF) S.No. District Camp Type Venue No. of cases done 1. South NSV Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya Hospital, Malviya Nagar 7 Tubectomy ESI Hospital, Okhala, Phase-I 1 IUCD Maternity Home, Sriniwas Puri 39 2. West NSV Guru Gobind Singh Govt. Hospital ,Raghubir Nagar, 6 Delhi-27 Tubectomy Guru Gobind Singh Govt. Hospital ,Raghubir Nagar, 3 Delhi-27 IUCD M & C W Centre Nangloi 22 Seed PUHC Nihal vihar, RZK-2/464 A, Near Hanuman 10 Mandir, 50 Ft. Road, Delhi-41 3. East IUCD Pariwar Sewa Clinic 14 4. South IUCD DGD, Sec-12, Dwarka 23 West 5. North NSV Swami Dayanand Hospital, Shahdara 3 East Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden 5 IUCD Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden 126

Jag Pravesh Chandra Hospital 68 Sonia Vihar, Delhi 44 6. North NSV Bhagwan Mahavir Hospital Pitampura 6 west IUCD Seed PUHC Prem Nagar III, Near Chanchal Nursingh Home 33 7. Central NSV Lok Nayak Hospital, Near Delhi Gate 46 Tubectomy Lok Nayak Hospital, Near Delhi Gate 71

Pic: NSV Camp, GTB Hospital Counseling Desk, Pt. MMM Hospital

d) Daily performance report was compiled from all districts and shared with GoI as desired in the requisite format.

Table-3 Activity wise Performance-PSF 2012 S.No. Date Male Sterilization Female Sterilization IUCD Total

1. 11-07-2012 14 21 119 154 2. 12-07-2012 10 23 129 162 3. 13-07-2012 12 36 179 227 4. 14-07-2012 3 24 102 129 5. 15-07-2012 - - - 0 6. 16-07-2012 11 53 197 261 7. 17-07-2012 5 58 212 275 8. 18-07-2012 20 63 246 329 9. 19-07-2012 17 61 205 283 10. 20-07-2012 9 53 223 285 11. 21-07-2012 8 42 182 232 12. 22-07-2012 - - - 0 13. 23-07-2012 12 66 264 342 14. 24-07-2012 11 69 284 364 Total 132 569 2342 3043

V. Reporting Mechanism and Physical Performance a) The mobilization fortnight yielded a fruitful coverage of health personnel, eligible couples and other target groups in the form of IEC activities, counseling and contraception coverage. The district wise details are shown below in Table -4.

Table-4 Achievements of the districts during Mobilization Fortnight 2012 S.No. Activity South West North East South North North Central New Total District District District District west east west District Delhi District District District Distirct

1 No. of 6931 6100 3942 9684 7655 6303 3374 2406 333 46728 Beneficiaries Counseled 2 No. of OC pkt. 927 1409 699 1214 882 986 676 156 88 7037 Distributed 3 No. of Condom 10597 18645 3144 17341 10277 13450 7289 6204 1595 88542 Pkts. Distributed 4 Publicity/IEC 0 a Banners 95 100 60 - 95 200 95 50 50 745 b Posters 60 100 - - 60 18 - - - 238 c Handbills 15000 80000 - 50000 15000 150000 120000 18000 18000 466000 d Stickers/Stamps 90 150 60 300 150 18 50 - - 768

5 BCC Activities 0

a Numbers of Health 1575 929 515 1900 483 1434 968 703 33 8540 Talks Participants covered 5852 6765 4420 9537 7194 2939 3201 2461 1113 43482

b FGD 7 30 7 17 7 4 50 6 4 132 c FGD+Role Play - 3 6 3 4 - - - - 16 d Street Play/Nukkad 4 10 4 5 4 13 7 - - 47 Natak 8 Competition 0 a Quizzing 24 3 1 10 24 2 - - - 64 b Debate 4 2 5 11 c Posters 6 4 32 3 6 3 3 3 60 d Slogan - 2 - 2 - 2 - - - 6

b) The district wise performance of sterilization and other contraceptives during the two fortnights can be seen in Table-5.

Tabel-5 District wise Contraceptive coverage during Mobilization Fortnight (MF) and Population Stabilization Fortnight(PSF) S.N Method of South West North East South North North Central New Total o. Contraception west east west Delhi (State) 1 No Scalpel 10 20 3 11 33 8 74 43 1 203 Vasectomy 2 Tubectomy 34 92 28 77 133 98 246 86 62 856 3 IUCD Insertion 405 502 266 461 521 456 658 95 49 3413 4 Oral Contraceptive 1571 1409 844 1848 158 968 3456 176 110 10540 (OC) Pkts. 5 Condom Pkts. 21130 18645 9973 2361 4155 13450 38963 1814 1595 133344 9 6 Emergency 129 0 0 186 160 428 107 0 0 1010 Contraceptive Pills (ECP) Pkts.

c) At the end of both fortnights, the State performance vis-a-vis ELA is shown in Table-6

Table-6 Percentage of ELA achieved for State of Delhi S.No. Indicators ELA For the WPD Achievment % of achievement Fortnights for the year 2012

1 IUCD Insertions 2820 3413 121.03

2 Sterilization 3435 1059 30.83

VI. Monitoring and Evaluation District Level a) All districts carried out monitoring of the events at facilities within their districts.

Pic: Monitoring team at DDMASC Monitoring team at NebSarai, Seed PUHC (South West District) (South District)

b) 4 State level teams were constituted from among officers from DFW, MCD, District Nodal officers, CGHS Nodal officers, NGOs, District Program Management Units, etc.

Pic: Monitoring team at GTB Hospital Monitoring team at DGD, Dwarka Sec-12 (North East District) (South West District)

These teams covered important events in all 9 districts as per allocation through an organized set of plans prepared by designated coordinators for each team. Observations and feedbacks were documented and shared with concerned districts and facilities.

The daily performance was compiled from all 9 districts and data submitted online to MoHFW on a daily basis.

Two midcourse analysis & evaluation were done at four day intervals and based on the observations, appropriate feedback regarding need to gear up activities to reach closer to ELA‟s were given to district from the State. Table-7 shows the analyzed feedback given to districts. This resulted is enhanced rates of achievement with passage of time. The leap in percentage achievement over the 4-day break-up periods can be seen in Table-7

Table – 7 Breakup of period wise achievement during PSF. Achievements of the State vis-a-vis ELA % of ELA % achievement % of ELA Time IUCD (Yearly achievement S.No. Period lapsed Achievement n=2820) Sterilization (Yearly n=3435) 11/07/2012 to 1 14/07/2012 33 529 18.75 143 4.16 15/07/2012 to 2 19/07/2012 66 1389 49.25 439 12.8 20/07/2012 to 3 24/07/2012 100 2342 83.04 641 18.66

VII. Celebration of World Health Population Day “Finale” (State level event) A State level event marking the conclusion of the Pakhwada Celebrations that included award ceremony, exhibition, report presentation and academic discussion was organized as follows:

Date: 31st July, 2012 Venue: Auditorium, Delhi Secretariat Chief Guest: Hon‟ble Minister of Health, Govt. of Delhi The special invitees included stakeholders from all relevant departments like Education, Social Welfare, GoI etc. and also some senior public health administrators besides senior officers from MoHFW Prize/Award winners under various categories were also invited.

Itinerary of Program a) Welcome of Dignitaries and speeches by Health Minister, Principal Secretary, Mission Director and Director (DFW).

b) Award Distribution: Following categories of awards were given away by the Health Minister, Principal Secretary (H&FW) and Missioner Director (DSHM).

Table-8 S.No Category of Award Name of Award Name of awardee organization/institution 1 One hospital each for the best Hospital for best NSV Lok Nayak Hospital, Central District performance in context of maximum no. performance. of Vasectomy(NSV)/Tubactomy during Hospital for best Tubectomy Safdarjung Hospital, South West District 2011-2012 and JSP 2012 performance 2 Two Best performing facilities in best IUCD insertion Health Post PHD, FW Foundation, East context of maximum number of IUCD performance District insertion during 2011-12 2nd Best IUCD insertion M&CW Centre, Nangloi, West District performanc 3 Best PPIUCD performance Maximum PPIUCD insertion Lal Bahadur Shastri Hospital (East district) Maximum % deliveries Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya Hospital (South covered with PPIUCD district) Best hospital considering both Guru Gobind Singh Hospital (West district) the above 4 Two best performing districts at the state Best district (Ist) West District level in respect of RCH activities during year 2011-12. 2nd best district North East District 5 Three best performing districts during Best performance (Ist) South West District WPD celebration 2nd best performance West District 3rd best performance North East District 6 Best performing ASHA of each district South District USha Shukla, Seed PUHC, Aya nagar West District Jyoti Gupta, M& CW, Tagore garden North District Sushma Pal, St. John Ambulance, Burari East District Nandini, Trilokpuri South West District Poonam Kumari, Love & Care Dabri, (ASHA unit, DGD Sadh Nagar) North East District Sulekha Verma, Seed PUHC, Nehru Vihar North West District Zeenat, IPP 8 Narela Central District Sanju , DGD, Nabi Karim 7 Best performance of ANM of each South District Rachna, Seed PUHC, Neb Sarai district West District Rinku Kumari, DGD, Nawada North District Rajni Bala, DGD, Mukundpur East District Sheela, DGD, Mayur Vihar-1 South West District Mooni Dhankar, M & CW Bindapur, North East District Savita, Sonia vihar, Zero Pusta North West District Savita,DGD, JJ Balaswa Central District Shushila, DGD, Nabi Karim 8 Best facility of each district South District Seed PUHC, Neb Sarai West District DGD, Nawada North District DGD, Jharoda Majara East District DGD, Vasundhara South West District Love & Care, Sitapuri (G-i-A) North East District Seed PUHC, Sonia Vihar zero Pusta North West District M&CW, Kanjhawala Central District DGD, Nabi Karim 9 Best FP initiative Couple (couples South West District Mr Manoj Kumar, C/o Mr. Rinku Sharma, H accepting NSV after 2 daughters) .No.-1/2, 253 Ground floor, Gali no-11, Kapasahera North East District Mr. Vipin, Maujpur, GTB Hospital West District Mr. Sanjay, D/12, Laxmanpuri, Vipin Garden

c) Exhibition: An exhibition was organized with stalls from State and all 9 districts. The IEC material like Banners, Posters etc. developed by the State and District were exhibited. The best posters, slogans from all districts were also displayed. Photographs of activities (meetings, role plays, counseling session, focus group discussions, Nukkaad Natak, Mega events) at all levels taken up during Mobilization and Stabilization Fortnights were also displayed to showcase the active participation of all health facilities.

d) Report Presentation: A report of activities across the State during the two Pakhwadas was presented by SPO, Dr. Jyoti Sachdeva.

e) Panel discussion: A panel discussion on Population Stabilization was organized with Panelist experts from national, State and District levels including renowned service providers in the field of male and female contraception.

An enlightening discussion on Population Stabilization was undertaken among a panel of experts (clinicians and administrators from the State and National Level) and was attended by around 250 participants.

The Panelists were 1. Dr. S.K.Sikdar, Deputy Commissioner, F.P. Division, MoHFW, GoI 2. Dr. D.K.Dewan, Director, Family Welfare, Govt. of NCT of Delhi 3. Dr. Neeraj Sethi, Prof. & Head, Planning and Evaluation Deptt., NIHFW 4. Dr. R.C.M Kaza, Director Prof., Deptt. of Surgery, Lok Nayak Hospital 5. Dr. Shammi Bhasin HOD, Gynae. & Obs., DDU Hospital 6. Dr. Jyoti Sachdeva,SPO Family Planning & MTP, DFW, Govt. of NCT of Delhi

Dr. Punita Mahajan, M.S, SGM Hospital moderated the panel discussion.

The concept of Population Stabilization and modalities to achieve the same were discussed in detail. Role of Family Planning in achievement of Population Stabilization and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were elaborated.

Various schemes undertaken by the State contributing to the ultimate goal of Population Stabilization were elaborated.

Exploration of unmet need for contraception and meeting the same was projected as the need of the hour. Potential of Male participation in achieving reproductive health of the family and the ultimate goal of Population Stabilization was also taken up for discussion. Broadening the scope of “Focus Couples” beyond the conventional “Target Couples” and Post Partum contraception were discussed in detail as the strategy for optimizing contraceptive prevalence rate and reducing the Total Fertility Rate (TFR). The challenge of maintaining the achieved TFR (1.9) of the State was also highlighted. The role of ASHA‟s and ANM‟s by maintenance of eligible couple registers (ECRs) in maintaining TFR was also emphasized.

Questions from the audience were invited and answered by the Panelists.

Outcome A renewed thrust on specifics of Population Stabilization tools, services and their useful interplay in improving maternal and child survival has been generated across all sectors of service delivery and policy programming in the State and the resultant impact on Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) reduction is a positive imminent outcome in the near future.

MEMORABILIA