Poland 3784 R5 Aug16 120%

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

14° 16° 18° Bay of Gdansk 20° Kaliningrad RUSSIAN 24° Wejherowo la LITHUANIA POLAND Lebork u Slupsk Gdynia t is FEDERATION BALTIC SEA Sopot V S he lu Gdansk f t pi o a Bay Kolobrzeg P 11 a Suwalki cie s na Jezioro ujs Elblag t y o Koszalin i ek L Mamry 54 in n Tczew a 54 ° w a Starogard ° S r Gdanski Malbork e Jezioro Elk Wolin Wolin 14 Sniardwy I. m GERMANY o Szczecinek Chojnice Olsztyn i a Hrodna P Ilawa r Szczecin 16 Grudziadz u a w 10 a s Stargard a l r s Szcecinski Wi D a DISTRICTS OF ew Bydgoszcz ar Lomza Bialystok POLAND Pila 2 M N 1 Dolnoslaskie O N ote´c Torun Ostroleka d ra 2 Kujawsko-Pomorskie Ciechanów Inowroclaw W 3 Lódzkie t k ar r W Wloclawek a a 4 Lubelskie Gorzów i Wielkopolski G r e at 7 v 5 Lubuskie Plock Bug Gniezno W o 5 isla Legionowo 6 Malopolskie Poznan z BELARUS 7 Mazowieckie 15 Kutno Warszawa (Warsaw) Brest- Od rta a Siedlce Litovsk ra ra Wa Minsk 8 Opolskie Ob Konin Pruszków Mazowiecki 52 P ° ro Zyrardeów Otwock s M Biala 9 Podkarpackie n P o landa Podlaska Zielona Góra N B Skierniewice ó 10 Podlaskie y Nowa Sól Leszno s b Zgierz a r Kalisz Lódz a 11 Pomorskie Wiepz 3 ica Zary Glogów Ostrów Pabianice Pil 12 Slaskie Wielkopolski Tomaszów S Sieradz Zdunska Wola Mazowiecki 13 Swietokrzyskie i Pulawy 4 Lubin l Piotrków Warminsko-Mazurskie Boleslawiec e Radom 14 Odra Trybunalski Lublin Olesnica s Chelm 15 Wielkopolskie Zgorzelec Legnica i Skarzysko- 16 Zachodniopomorskie Radomsko Starachowice 1 Wroclaw a Kamienna Jelenia Góra Ostrowiec National capital Swidnica Brzeg Swietokrzyski Walbrzych Czestochowa Zamosc 8 Kielce District centre Bielawa a s Tarnobrzeg y 13 Other city ) Stalowa Wola N Opole 12 la c tu Klodzko m w ie is International o ó w Zawiercie V Nysa Tarnowskie Góry t z o ( y r n la boundary B o s Littis le Gliwice h o Dabrowa W S C S S Zabrze Górnicza Mielec a District boundary u n Katowice Main road POLAND d Chrzanów e Rybnik Tychy 50 t Racibórz Tarnów ° Railroad e Oswiecim Rzeszów Jaroslaw n Wodzislaw Slaski Canal M Kraków 9 o u Ostrava Poland L'viv Major airport n Cieszyn Przemysl t Bielsko-Biala 6 Krosno CZECHIA a i Nowy Sacz n s Sanok 0 25 50 75 100 km h i a n Stary Sacz M a t o u UKRAINE The boundaries and names shown and the designations used p n 0 25 50 mi r t a on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance a Zakopane i by the United Nations. n C s 14 16 18 20 22 ° ° ° ° SLOVAKIA ° Map No. 3784 Rev. 5 UNITED NATIONS Department of Field Support August 2016 Geospatial Information Section (formerly Cartographic Section).

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Flash Reports on Labour Law January 2017 Summary and Country Reports
Flash Report 01/2017 Flash Reports on Labour Law January 2017 Summary and country reports EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Unit B.2 – Working Conditions Flash Report 01/2017 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017 ISBN ABC 12345678 DOI 987654321 © European Union, 2017 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Flash Report 01/2017 Country Labour Law Experts Austria Martin Risak Daniela Kroemer Belgium Wilfried Rauws Bulgaria Krassimira Sredkova Croatia Ivana Grgurev Cyprus Nicos Trimikliniotis Czech Republic Nataša Randlová Denmark Natalie Videbaek Munkholm Estonia Gaabriel Tavits Finland Matleena Engblom France Francis Kessler Germany Bernd Waas Greece Costas Papadimitriou Hungary Gyorgy Kiss Ireland Anthony Kerr Italy Edoardo Ales Latvia Kristine Dupate Lithuania Tomas Davulis Luxemburg Jean-Luc Putz Malta Lorna Mifsud Cachia Netherlands Barend Barentsen Poland Leszek Mitrus Portugal José João Abrantes Rita Canas da Silva Romania Raluca Dimitriu Slovakia Robert Schronk Slovenia Polonca Končar Spain Joaquín García-Murcia Iván Antonio Rodríguez Cardo Sweden Andreas Inghammar United Kingdom Catherine Barnard Iceland Inga Björg Hjaltadóttir Liechtenstein Wolfgang Portmann Norway Helga Aune Lill Egeland Flash Report 01/2017 Table of Contents Executive Summary ..............................................
[Show full text]
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth As a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity*
Chapter 8 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity* Satoshi Koyama Introduction The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) was one of the largest states in early modern Europe. In the second half of the sixteenth century, after the union of Lublin (1569), the Polish-Lithuanian state covered an area of 815,000 square kilometres. It attained its greatest extent (990,000 square kilometres) in the first half of the seventeenth century. On the European continent there were only two larger countries than Poland-Lithuania: the Grand Duchy of Moscow (c.5,400,000 square kilometres) and the European territories of the Ottoman Empire (840,000 square kilometres). Therefore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest country in Latin-Christian Europe in the early modern period (Wyczański 1973: 17–8). In this paper I discuss the internal diversity of the Commonwealth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and consider how such a huge territorial complex was politically organised and integrated. * This paper is a part of the results of the research which is grant-aided by the ‘Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research’ program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 2005–2007. - 137 - SATOSHI KOYAMA 1. The Internal Diversity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland-Lithuania before the union of Lublin was a typical example of a composite monarchy in early modern Europe. ‘Composite state’ is the term used by H. G. Koenigsberger, who argued that most states in early modern Europe had been ‘composite states, including more than one country under the sovereignty of one ruler’ (Koenigsberger, 1978: 202).
[Show full text]
The Archives of Poland and Where to Find Online Genealogy Records for Each - Sheet1
The Archives of Poland and where to find Online Genealogy Records for each - Sheet1 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License Archives of Poland Territorial coverage Search theGenBaza ArchivesGenetekaJRI-PolandAGAD Przodek.plGesher Archeion.netGalicia LubgensGenealogyPoznan in the BaSIAProject ArchivesPomGenBaseSzpejankowskisPodlaskaUpper and Digital Szpejenkowski SilesianSilesian Library Genealogical Digital Library Society Central Archives of Historical Records All Poland ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ National Digital Archive All Poland ✓ ✓ Central Archives of Modern Records All Poland ✓ ✓ Podlaskie (primarily), State Archive in Bialystok Masovia ✓ ✓ ✓ The Archives of Poland and where to find Online Genealogy Records for each - Sheet1 Branch in Lomza Podlaskie ✓ ✓ Kuyavian-Pomerania (primarily), Pomerania State Archive in Bydgoszcz and Greater Poland ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Kuyavian-Pomerania (primarily), Greater Branch in Inowrocław Poland ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Silesia (primarily), Świetokrzyskie, Łódz, National Archives in Częstochowa and Opole ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Pomerania (primarily), State Archive in Elbląg with the Warmia-Masuria, Seat in Malbork Kuyavian-Pomerania ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ State Archive in Gdansk Pomerania ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Gdynia Branch Pomerania ✓ ✓ ✓ State Archive in Gorzow Lubusz (primarily), Wielkopolski Greater Poland ✓ ✓ ✓ Greater Poland (primarily), Łódz, State Archive in Kalisz Lower Silesia ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Silesia (primarily), State Archive in Katowice Lesser Poland ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Branch in Bielsko-Biala Silesia ✓ ✓ ✓ Branch in Cieszyn Silesia ✓ ✓ ✓ Branch
[Show full text]
Generuj PDF Z Tej Stronie
Urząd Transportu Kolejowego https://utk.gov.pl/pl/aktualnosci/905,Wyniki-kontroli-pociagow-pasazerskich-w-okresie-Wszystkich-Swietych.html 2021-10-01, 13:06 Strona znajduje się w archiwum. Wyniki kontroli pociągów pasażerskich w okresie Wszystkich Świętych 09.11.2011 W dniach 28, 29 i 31 października oraz w dniu 1 listopada 2011 r., w związku ze spodziewanym nasileniem przewozów pasażerskich kontrolerzy Urzędu Transportu Kolejowego przeprowadzili kontrole wybranych pociągów pasażerskich obsługiwanych przez różne spółki kolejowe. Kontrole były prowadzone na wcześniej wytypowanych dworcach kolejowych na terenie całego kraju. Działania Urzędu miały na celu ustalenie, czy zapewniono podróżnym odpowiednie warunki bezpieczeństwa i higieny podczas podróży oraz czy były przestrzegane przepisy rozporządzenia WE/1371/2007 w zakresie praw pasażerów. Podczas kontroli zwracano szczególną uwagę na: 1. warunki podróżowania w pociągu, w tym: czystość taboru kolejowego (czystość toalet, przedziałów, korytarzy), dostępność w toaletach wody, mydła, papieru toaletowego, ręczników lub suszarek do rąk, działanie oświetlenia; 2. dostosowanie pociągów do potrzeb osób niepełnosprawnych i osób o ograniczonej sprawności ruchowej oraz do przewozu rowerów, w tym w szczególności oznaczenie tych pociągów na rozkładach jazdy; 3. frekwencję w pociągach podaną szacunkowo, jako stosunek liczby pasażerów do liczby miejsc siedzących; 4. ogrzewanie pociągów; 5. właściwe oznakowanie wyjść awaryjnych z pociągu, dostępność i oznakowanie gaśnic; 6. informację wizualną o rozkładzie jazdy oraz informację wizualną i megafonową o odstępstwach od rozkładu jazdy (opóźnienia, odwołania, zmiany peronu odjazdów pociągów); 7. czas oczekiwania na uzyskanie informacji i zakup biletu; 8. postępowanie przewoźnika w przypadku rezygnacji z podróży z powodu braku miejsc w pociągu; 9. właściwe oznakowanie tablic kierunkowych; Ogółem skontrolowano 276 pociągów pasażerskich, z czego najwięcej w dniu 31 października.
[Show full text]
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski The Polish Police Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE NOVEMBER 17, 2016 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. First printing, April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Jan Grabowski THE INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE, endowed by the William S. and Ina Levine Foundation of Phoenix, Arizona, enables the Center to bring a distinguished scholar to the Museum each year to conduct innovative research on the Holocaust and to disseminate this work to the American public. Wrong Memory Codes? The Polish “Blue” Police and Collaboration in the Holocaust In 2016, seventy-one years after the end of World War II, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs disseminated a long list of “wrong memory codes” (błędne kody pamięci), or expressions that “falsify the role of Poland during World War II” and that are to be reported to the nearest Polish diplomat for further action. Sadly—and not by chance—the list elaborated by the enterprising humanists at the Polish Foreign Ministry includes for the most part expressions linked to the Holocaust. On the long list of these “wrong memory codes,” which they aspire to expunge from historical narrative, one finds, among others: “Polish genocide,” “Polish war crimes,” “Polish mass murders,” “Polish internment camps,” “Polish work camps,” and—most important for the purposes of this text—“Polish participation in the Holocaust.” The issue of “wrong memory codes” will from time to time reappear in this study.
[Show full text]
{Journal by Warren Blatt 2 0 EXTRACT DATA in THIS ISSUE 2 2
/N TH/S /SSUE... POLISH STATE ARCHIVES IN SANDOMIERZ by Warren Blatt 3 OPATÔWYIZKORLIST by Steven Weiss 7 JEWISH RECORDS INDEXING UPDATE POLISH STATE ARCHIVES PROJECT by Stan Diamond and Warren Blatt 1 1 THE SYNAGOGUE IN KLIMONTÔW by Adam Penkalla 1 3 Qpedd interest Qroup BIULETYN ZYDOWSKIEGOINSTYTUTU HISTORYCZNEGO w POLSCE {journal by Warren Blatt 2 0 EXTRACT DATA IN THIS ISSUE 2 2 • PINCZÔ W DEATHS 1810-182 5 by Heshel Teitelbaum 2 4 glimmer 1999 • KLIMONTÔ W BIRTHS 1826-183 9 by Ronald Greene 3 8 • KLIMONTÔ W MARRIAGES 1826-183 9 by Ronald Greene 4 9 o • C H Ml ELN IK MARRIAGES 1876-188 4 covering tfte Qufoernios of by David Price 5 7 and <I^ GLOSSARY, PRONUNCIATION GUIDE ... 72 ...but first a word from your coordinator 2 ojtfk as <kpne as tfie^ existed, Kieke-Radom SIG Journal, VoL 3 No. 3 Summer 1999 ... but first a word from our coordinator It has been a tumultuous few months since our last periodical. Lauren B. Eisenberg Davis, one of the primary founders of our group, Special Merest Group and the person who so ably was in charge of research projects at the SIG, had to step down from her responsibilities because of a serious journal illness in her family and other personal matters. ISSN No. 1092-800 6 I remember that first meeting in Boston during the closing Friday ©1999, all material this issue morning hours of the Summer Seminar. Sh e had called a "birds of a feather" meeting for all those genealogists interested in forming a published quarterly by the special interest group focusing on the Kielce and Radom gubernias of KIELCE-RADOM Poland.
[Show full text]
The Funnel Beaker Culture in Western Lesser Poland: Yesterday and Today
Archaeologia Polona, vol. 57: 2019, 79-101 PL ISSN 0066-5924 DOI:10.23858/APa57.2019.006 The Funnel Beaker Culture in Western Lesser Poland: Yesterday and Today Marek Nowaka Although Jan Kowalczyk’s work on the Funnel Beaker culture (TRB) did not particularly refer to western Lesser Poland, many of his general and detailed reflections on Neolithic archae- ology can be utilized to better characterise this culture in this territory. The TRB appeared there c. 3750/3700 BC and existed until c. 2800 BC. “Funnel Beaker” acculturation of the late Lengyel-Polgár populations could play a large part in the origins of the local branch of this culture. For many years, the TRB seemed to be scarcely represented. This notion has changed since early 1970s onwards, due to more and more intensive investigations. Currently, western Lesser Poland is perceived as an equally important region of the TRB development as other the most important ones both in Lowland and Upland zones. The local TRB communities were characterised by varied patterns of settlement and economic behaviours. These patterns were correlated with ecological differences. KEY-WORDS: Funnel Beaker culture; western Lesser Poland; absolute chronology; Jan Kowalczyk. I never had the opportunity to meet Jan Kowalczyk in person. This was due to generational disparities as well as due to us belonging to slightly different research schools. I encountered his name, of course, during my studies, when my archaeological specialization began to crystallize. It quickly became clear to me that he was an extraor- dinary figure that left a significant mark on Polish archaeology.
[Show full text]
The Stages of the Cultural Landscape Transformation of Seaside Resorts in Poland Against the Background of the Evolving Nature of Tourism
Land. 2020, 9, x; doi:10.3390/ S1 of S9 Supplementary Materials: The Stages of the Cultural Landscape Transformation of Seaside Resorts in Poland against the Background of the Evolving Nature of Tourism Wojciech Bal and Magdalena Czalczynska-Podolska (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Land. 2020, 9, x; doi:10.3390/ S2 of S9 (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) Figure S1. Stage I: Elite resort—architecture and landscape: (a) The beach, Świnoujście (1898–1903); (b) The pier and the Spa House, Kołobrzeg; (c) Promenade, Świnoujście (1908–1913); (d) Żeromskiego Street––the promenade, the view from the beach, Świnoujście (1905); (e) Świnoujście, a panoramic view (1918); (f) The map of Świnoujście (1910–1914); (g) Miramare Hotel, Międzyzdroje (1900); (h) Międzyzdroje, a postcard (1895–1900); (i) Dziwnów, a panoramic view (1900–1910); (j) The Spa House, Dziwnów (1910); (k) The pier, Sopot (1900–1910); (l) The beach, Sopot (1895–1900). Source: Fotopolska.eu. Archival photos. Land. 2020, 9, x; doi:10.3390/ S3 of S9 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Land. 2020, 9, x; doi:10.3390/ S4 of S9 (f) (g) Figure S2. Stage II: National resort—architecture and landscape: (a) Lido Hotel, Jurata (1932–1933); (b) One of the guesthouses in Jurata (1918–1939); (c) One of the summer villas in Jurata (1918–1939); (d) Bałtyk Hotel, Jurata (1930); (e) Cassino in Recreational Centre, Cetniewo (1831); (f) Jastrzebia Góra, a postcard (1934); (g) Jastrzebia Góra, a postcard (1934). Source: Fotopolska.eu. Archival photos (a, e–g), The National Digital Archives (b–d). Land. 2020, 9, x; doi:10.3390/ S5 of S9 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Land.
[Show full text]
I Love the Municipal Transport Company Cafe-Drink „SANDRA”, Kutno, Ul
Tourist Information Centre 99-300 Kutno, ul. Wojska Polskiego 5, tel. 024 355 10 12, www.bibliokutno.pl WHERE TO EAT? Promotion and Investors Service Department Boryna, ul. Lelewela 11, tel. 024 355 67 87 Kutno, Pl. Marsz. J. Piłsudskiego 18, tel. 024 253 12 19, www.um.kutno.pl Dworek, ul. Kościuszki 17, tel. 024 355 22 90, www.dworek-hotel.webpark.pl WHAT TO SEE? Elza, ul. Łąkoszyńska 182, tel. 024 254 04 13, www.elza.noclegiw.pl The Regional Museum, ul. Pl. Marsz. J. Piłsudskiego 20, Fabianowscy, ul. Grunwaldzka 9, tel. 024 253 62 24 tel.024 254 79 64, www.muzeumkutno.com Jana, ul. Zduńska 11, tel. 024 355 73 53, www.jana.kutno.pl The Museum of the Battle on the Bzura River, Kasia, ul. Długosza 9a, tel. 024 254 26 79, www.restauracja.kutno.pl Park Wiosny Ludów, tel. 024 253 31 41 McDonald’s, ul. Józefów 26, tel. 024 253 87 29, www.mcdonalds.pl The Museum Castle in Oporów, Rondo, ul. Mickiewicza 3, tel. 024 355 82 10, www.hotelrondo.pl 99-322 Oporów, tel. 024 285 91 22, www.zamekoporow.pl Rozmaryn, ul. Barlickiego 20, tel. 024 254 71 44, www.rozmaryn.com.pl J. Dunin-Borkowski Museum in Krośniewice, Sabat, ul. Sklęczkowska 18b, tel. 024 253 79 89 99-340 Krośniewice, Pl. Wolności 1, tel. 024 252 33 47, www.muzeumkrosniewice.pl PIZZERIAS The Kutno House of Culture (Leisure Centre), Altero, ul. 29-go Listopada 19, tel. 024 253 87 96 ul. St. Żółkiewskiego 4, tel. 024 254 21 37, www.kdk.art.pl Capone, ul.
[Show full text]
Prezentacja Programu Powerpoint
Provinces’ investment attractiveness Subcarpathia province Subcarpathia province Basic info ➢ Capital – Rzeszów ➢ Area – 17 845.76 k² ➢ Cities with district rights – 4 ➢ Number of districts – 21 ➢ Number of municipalities – 16 ➢ Population – 2 127 656 ➢ Working age population – 1 337 727 2 Subcarpathia province Prospective sectors Intelligent specialities Aviation Cosmonautics Automotive IT and cmmunications Quality of well-being 3 Subcarpathia province Major companies / investors Stalowa Wola Mielec Jarosław, Miele Dęia Rzeszów Krosno Sanok 4 Subcarpathia province Special Economic Zones Mielec Special Economic Zone F The EURO-PARK MIELEC Special Economic Zone was established as the first in Poland in 1995. Today, it has a special place on the economic map of Poland. Its values are appreciated by many foreign and domestic investors who build new factories here. EURO-PARK MIELEC SEZ is an area with exceptional conditions for entrepreneurs for achieving quick return of investment and effective management, offering long-term tax exemptions and facilities. Kraków Special Economic Zone ff The Special Economic Zone of the Krakow Technology Park covers areas located in the Lesser Poland, Subcarpathian and Holy Cross voivodships. KTP offers investors primarily greenfield areas. The Krakow Special Economic Zone consists of 36 subzones located in 35 communes and currently covers an area of over 949 hectares. The offer also includes office space located in attractive areas. f Tarnobrzeg Special Economic Zone „EURO-PARK WISŁOSAN” f There are 9 subzones included in the zone. It covers the area of 1049.18 hectares. So far TSSE „EUROPARK WISŁOSAN” has issued 136 permissions for conducting business activities. As many as 84 companies have already invested there.
[Show full text]
On Polish and Soviet Military Topographic Maps
Polish Cartographical Review Vol. 52, 2020, no. 3, pp. 124–139 DOI: 10.2478/pcr-2020-0011 EUGENIUSZ SOBCZYŃSKI Received: 2.11.2020 Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Accepted: 28.12.2020 Faculty of History Toruń, Poland orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-940X; [email protected] ADAM SZULCZEWSKI Żyrardów, Poland orcid.org/0000-0002-2519-4513; [email protected] Camouflaging of areas occupied by units of the Soviet Army Northern Group of Forces (NGF) on Polish and Soviet military topographic maps Abstract. The authors present the political conditions in Poland after World War II which influenced the development of military topographic maps. The article shows examples of camouflaging on topographic maps of garrisons and field facilities occupied in Poland by the Northern Group of Forces of the Soviet Army (NGF). Keywords: military topographic maps, camouflaging military facilities, Northern Group of Forces of the Soviet Army (NGF) 1. Introduction These Soviet activities also extended to the area of mapping. In the countries of the In order to explain the secrets of camouflaging Eastern Bloc, within one to two years, legal on topographic maps of military facilities, it is acts modelled on Soviet solutions were intro- necessary to outline the political and military con- duced. The first such act, which limited the ditions which accompanied their development. free development of mapping in Poland, was After World War II, as a result of the decisions the decree of April 26, 1948 on the right to take of the leaders of world powers, Poland found aerial photos. In the following year (October 26, itself within new borders.
[Show full text]
Port of Gdańsk and Port of Gdynia's Exposure to Threats Resulting From
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association Summer Safety and Reliability Seminars, Volume 7, Number 1, 2016 Cieślikiewicz Witold Dudkowska Aleksandra Gic-Grusza Gabriela Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland Port of Gdańsk and Port of Gdynia’s exposure to threats resulting from storm extremes Keywords critical infrastructure, Port of Gdynia, Port of Gdańsk, storm extremes, Gulf of Gdańsk hydrodynamics Abstract This study is intended to make a first estimate of the exposure of the two Polish largest ports – Gdańsk and Gdynia, localized in the Gulf of Gdańsk – to threats from storm extremes. These ports are elements of the Polish critical infrastructure and presented analysis is one of the tasks related to critical infrastructure protection. Hypothetical extreme meteorological conditions have been defined based on 138-year NOAA data and assumed wave fields for those conditions have been generated. Using HIPOCAS project database the 21 extreme historical storms over the period 1958–2001 were selected to simulate realistic conditions in the vicinity of the ports. The highest significant wave height was found to be nearly 4 m in the vicinity of Port of Gdańsk and nearly 2 m in the vicinity of Port of Gdynia. A future intensification of these wave conditions should be considered due to the climate change and sea level rise. 1. Introduction According to the Polish Act of April 26th, 2007 on crisis management, sea ports, which are logistic centers of international nature, are part of the critical infrastructure of the country. Characteristics of threats to ports and the assessment of the risk of their occurrence is one of the elements of the critical infrastructure protection plans.
[Show full text]