Factory Farming
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COK Talks with Peter Singer
Monday Mar 30th COK Talks with Peter Singer Regarded as the “father of the modern animal movement,” Princeton philosophy professor and world-renowned ethicist Peter Singer has challenged our attitudes towards and treatment of nonhuman animals for nearly 30 years. The author of such important works as How Are We to Live: Ethics in an Age of Self Interest, One World: The Ethics of Globalization, Animal Factories with Jim Mason, Practical Ethics, and, of course, Animal Liberation, amongst many others, Peter Singer’s writings have inspired countless individuals into action for the liberation of animals. 1. Since you first wrote Animal Liberation in 1975, the number of animals killed has increased dramatically. Why do you think this is and do you see the total amount of animal suffering reducing any time soon? Certainly the number of animals killed has increased, because there are far more people able to afford to buy Photo by Marion Singer meat, especially in Asia. Regrettably, they want to buy meat and so more animals are killed. In Europe, I’d say that the intensity of animal suffering has lessened, slightly, because of better regulations both for farm animals and for animals used in research. And the prospect there is for further improvements, which is encouraging. (See Outlawed Other COK Sites in Europe, ari-online.org.) I hope that the rest of the world will follow Europe’s example. But it’s going to take time, unfortunately. 2. In your opinion, what has been the most important victory for the animal movement? In the last 30 years, I’d put at the top Henry Spira’s successful campaign to stop experiments on cats at the American Museum of Natural History. -
Or How Nature Triumphed Over Nurturance
BLINDED BY THE LIGHT -- OR HOW NATURE TRIUMPHED OVER NURTURANCE '/ - t .~.' _./,- fl·, 1 , /-.. \ _tr:>,'jv,.. Kim Bartlett ThtJAni••ls·" ":';;'~""'~'''ii'! !' " .'•. , ~". J "t the fear changed to wonder by nightfall, and ll' ".",~11 I'· , '!' --,~~' \\",• .,.~. ."" ,_ , ..f,~· - "Sliver" was soon an Integral part of the family. I ~.,. ,~_. :1".... ~,y ... "'....:ii remember when she was scolded for vomIting In my .,. .... ,- . great aunt's liVing room, and how I crawled under the table to comfort her. I could see she was Is the process by whleh one is sensitized to the ashamed. feelings of others maturation or rejwenatlon? If It I remember the horned toads and frogs my Is through maturity that we become more brother used to calch and bring home. I played with compassionate, then what of the natu-al empathy of them as he did. ())e day, however, I must have been the child? My own Journey towards told that girls are afraid of frogs and loads and "enlightenment" has taken me not forward but In a lizards, for suddenly Instead of reaching out to touch circle: back towards the child who loved freely and them, I recoiled in disgust at the sight of them. As shared the emotions of parents, siblings, birds, an adolescent, I screamed with all the other girls dogs, and frogs. A child who had not yet been when boys shoved them in our faces or tried to drop distorted by cultural preJudices-whose sense of the poor creatures down our dresses. self didn't require disconnection from others. Not The thought of frogs brings UP more painful that people are innately perfect. -
Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies
Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Lynn Ekblad, Different Angles, Ames, Iowa Graphics and layout by Richard Beachler, Instructional Technology Center, Iowa State University, Ames ISBN 1-887383-23-9 ISSN 0194-4088 06 05 04 03 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging–in–Publication Data Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies. p. cm. -- (Task force report, ISSN 0194-4088 ; no. 140) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-887383-23-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pests--Integrated control. I. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. II. Series: Task force report (Council for Agricultural Science and Technology) ; no. 140. SB950.I4573 2003 632'.9--dc21 2003006389 Task Force Report No. 140 June 2003 Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Ames, Iowa, USA Task Force Members Kenneth R. Barker (Chair), Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Esther Day, American Farmland Trust, DeKalb, Illinois Timothy J. Gibb, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Maud A. Hinchee, ArborGen, Summerville, South Carolina Nancy C. Hinkle, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens Barry J. Jacobsen, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman James Knight, Department of Animal and Range Science, Montana State University, Bozeman Kenneth A. Langeland, Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville Evan Nebeker, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State David A. Rosenberger, Plant Pathology Department, Cornell University–Hudson Valley Laboratory, High- land, New York Donald P. -
Assessment of the Energy Potential of Chicken Manure in Poland
energies Article Assessment of the Energy Potential of Chicken Manure in Poland Mariusz Ta´nczuk 1,*, Robert Junga 1, Alicja Kolasa-Wi˛ecek 2 and Patrycja Niemiec 1 1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 45-271 Opole, Poland; [email protected] (R.J.); [email protected] (P.N.) 2 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Opole University, 45-047 Opole, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-664-475-355 Received: 2 January 2019; Accepted: 25 March 2019; Published: 1 April 2019 Abstract: Animal waste, including chicken manure, is a category of biomass considered for application in the energy industry. Poland is leading poultry producer in Europe, with a chicken population assessed at over 176 million animals. This paper aims to determine the theoretical and technical energy potential of chicken manure in Poland. The volume of chicken manure was assessed as 4.49 million tons per year considering three particular poultry rearing systems. The physicochemical properties of examined manure specimens indicate considerable conformity with the data reported in the literature. The results of proximate and ultimate analyses confirm a considerable effect of the rearing system on the energy parameters of the manure. The heating value of the chicken manure was calculated for the high moisture material in the condition as received from the farms. The value of annual theoretical energy potential in Poland was found to be equal to around 40.38 PJ. Annual technical potential of chicken biomass determined for four different energy conversion paths occurred significantly smaller then theoretical and has the value from 9.01 PJ to 27.3 PJ. -
All Creation Groans: the Lives of Factory Farm Animals in the United States
InSight: RIVIER ACADEMIC JOURNAL, VOLUME 13, NUMBER 1, SPRING 2017 “ALL CREATION GROANS”: The Lives of Factory Farm Animals in the United States Sr. Lucille C. Thibodeau, pm, Ph.D.* Writer-in-Residence, Department of English, Rivier University Today, more animals suffer at human hands than at any other time in history. It is therefore not surprising that an intense and controversial debate is taking place over the status of the 60+ billion animals raised and slaughtered for food worldwide every year. To keep up with the high demand for meat, industrialized nations employ modern processes generally referred to as “factory farming.” This article focuses on factory farming in the United States because the United States inaugurated this approach to farming, because factory farming is more highly sophisticated here than elsewhere, and because the government agency overseeing it, the Department of Agriculture (USDA), publishes abundant readily available statistics that reveal the astonishing scale of factory farming in this country.1 The debate over factory farming is often “complicated and contentious,”2 with the deepest point of contention arising over the nature, degree, and duration of suffering food animals undergo. “In their numbers and in the duration and depth of the cruelty inflicted upon them,” writes Allan Kornberg, M.D., former Executive Director of Farm Sanctuary in a 2012 Farm Sanctuary brochure, “factory-farm animals are the most widely abused and most suffering of all creatures on our planet.” Raising the specter of animal suffering inevitably raises the question of animal consciousness and sentience. Jeremy Bentham, the 18th-century founder of utilitarianism, focused on sentience as the source of animals’ entitlement to equal consideration of interests. -
Free-Range Environment
The requirements listed in this document pertain to shell egg labels that contain the USDA grademark, only. MANDATORY LABELING REQUIREMENTS • It is strongly recommended that you verify applicable State requirements before submitting labels for Federal approval. • FDA = The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA); the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA); and the regulations promulgated under these acts (21 CFR). • USDA = 7 CFR Part 56; AMS 56 Principal Display Panel (PDP): • The term principal display panel means the part of a label that is most likely to be displayed, presented, shown, or examined under customary conditions of display for retail sale. • The principal display panel shall be large enough to accommodate all the mandatory label information required to be placed on the container with clarity and conspicuousness and without obscuring design, vignettes, or crowding. • The Producer, Distributor, or Carton Manufacturer must declare the PDP or alternate PDP’s prior to issuance of a USDA approval number. Contact this office to further discuss the selection of the PDP. PDP = Top View, only. Back Hinge PDP Front Lip PDP = Top View and Front Lip (Alternate Display Panels) Back Hinge PDP Front Lip • If the Top View and Front Lip are selected as the PDP’s, all required mandatory information must be placed on both panels (Top View and Front Lip). • Overwrapped, Sleeved, or Case containers: All mandatory labeling information must be placed on the top panel or information panel. No mandatory labeling requirements may be placed on the bottom panel. Page 1 08/22/2016 Information Panel: • The information panel as it applies to packaged food means that part of the label immediately contiguous and to the right of the principal display panel (PDP) as observed by an individual facing the principal display panel. -
Clarendon Farm Eggs: Free-Range an Ethical, Profitable Approach | the Weekly Times
1/22/2018 Clarendon Farm Eggs: Free-range an ethical, profitable approach | The Weekly Times Menu Digital Print Edition Subscribe Login NEWS AGRIBUSINESS DAIRY LIVESTOCK CROPPING PROPERTY Hen haven: Ian Littleton at Clarendon Farm Eggs at Gulgong in NSW, where he runs hens at 1500 a hectare under his Humane Choice’s Free Range Project. ON FARM Clarendon Farm Eggs: Free-range an ethical, profitable approach SARAH HUDSON, The Weekly Times January 9, 2018 12:00am Subscriber only IN THE poultry industry, you’d be hard-pressed to find anyone more knowledgeable about hen farming than Ian Littleton. The 66-year-old runs a 120ha poultry farm at Gulgong in NSW, called Clarendon Farm Eggs, stocking 6000 free-range Lowman chooks, and selling 1500 dozen eggs a week through wholesale and retail markets in Sydney. http://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/agribusiness/on-farm/clarendon-farm-eggs-freerange-an-ethical-profitable-approach/news-story/0dae808c575… 1/5 1/22/2018 Clarendon Farm Eggs: Free-range an ethical, profitable approach | The Weekly Times But the property is more of a semi-retirement project, following a six-decade career Menu Digital Print Edition Subscribe Login in the poultry industry, from which his accumulated knowledge has led to best- practice innovation across all farm productions. IAN LITTLETON GULGONG, NSW STNEWSOCKS 6 00AGRIBUSINESS0 free-range Lowm aDAIRYn chooks oLIVESTOCKn 120ha farm CROPPING PROPERTY HAS 14 mobile chook homes SELLS 1500 dozen eggs a week through wholesale and retail markets in Sydney ACCREDITED with Humane Choice’s Free Range Project Ian grew up on a poultry farm near Toowoomba in Queensland, and, after his father passed away and the farm was sold, studied an agricultural degree at Queensland Agricultural College, specialising in poultry production. -
Case Study on Fridays Farm – Planting Trees to Encourage Ranging Behaviour in Laying Hens
Case Study on Fridays Farm – planting trees to encourage ranging behaviour in laying hens Introduction Free range eggs represent over 50% of the egg sales in the UK, putting Great Britain in a unique spot when it comes to egg production. Consumer demand for better animal welfare continues to build year on year, so investing in free range/organic systems with the highest welfare potential represents the most future-proofed investment. A good range is a key element of these systems. This case study aims to demonstrate best practice in providing a good range that stimulates hens to forage outside during daytime. Ranging stimulates meaningful behaviours Ranging enhances the opportunity for birds to express their full behavioural repertoire and ensures the highest welfare potential in a system. In natural conditions hens spend 50 to 90% of their time foraging, which involves searching and scratching at the ground or litter for potential food items (seeds, earthworms, flying insects, grit), followed by investigation and selection of food items by pecking. Ranging behaviour of birds (i.e. the extent to which they utilise the outdoor area) is affected by time of day, age, feeding system, weather conditions, previous experience, genetic strain, and importantly the quality of the outdoor environment provided. Fridays Ltd A third generation family business based in the South East, Fridays has been farming for over fifty years. Today Fridays supplies eggs to supermarkets and foodservice companies across the UK. Free range egg production has been an important part of the company’s activities from the dawn of modern free range farming almost forty years ago. -
Organic Pig Production in Free Range Systems
Institute of Organic Farming Albert Sundrum Friedrich Weißmann Organic pig production in free range systems Published as: Landbauforschung Völkenrode Sonderheft 281 Braunschweig Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL) 2005 Sonderheft 281 Special Issue Organic pig production in free range systems edited by Albert Sundrum and Friedrich Weißmann Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de . Die Verantwortung für die Inhalte der einzelnen Beiträge liegt bei den jeweiligen Verfassern bzw. Verfasserinnen. 2005 Landbauforschung Völkenrode - FAL Agricultural Research Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft (FAL) Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany [email protected] Preis / Price: 7 € ISSN 0376-0723 ISBN 3-86576-005-8 Table of contents Preface A. Sundrum and F. Weissmann ……………………………………………………………... 1 Integration of organic pig production into land use J. E. Hermansen ……………………………………………………………………………... 3 Behaviour, performance and carcass quality of three genotypes of growing-finishing pigs in outdoor pig production in Austria: A pilot study Simone Laister and S. Konrad .......………………………………………………………….. 13 Performance, carcass and meat quality of different pig genotypes in an extensive outdoor fattening system on grass clover in organic farming F. Weissmann, G. Biedermann and A. Klitzing ...................................................................... 19 Fattening pigs in an outdoor system as a part of the crop rotation within organic farming: Growth performance and carcass yield Antje Farke and A. Sundrum ………………………………………………………………... 25 Integration of organic pig production within crop rotation: Implications on nutrient losses M. Quintern ………………………………………………………………………………….. 31 Outdoor pig farming in the Netherlands H. van der Mheen and H. Vermeer ....……………………………………………………….. 41 Documentation of animal health in organic pig herds: A case study Marianne Bonde, N. -
Free-Range Poultry Production - a Review
113 Free-range Poultry Production - A Review Z. H. Miao*, P. C. Glatz and Y. J. Ru Livestock Systems, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia 5371 ABSTRACT : With the demand for free-range products increasing and the pressure on the intensive poultry industry to improve poultry welfare especially in western countries, the number of free-range poultry farms has increased significantly. The USA, Australia and European countries have developed Codes of Practice for free-range poultry farming which detail the minimum standards of husbandry and welfare for birds. However, the performance and liveability of free-range birds needs to be improved and more knowledge is required on bird husbandry, feed supply, disease control and heat wave management. This review examines the husbandry, welfare, nutrition and disease issues associated with free-range poultry systems and discusses the potential of incorporating free-range poultry into a crop-pasture rotation system. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 1 : 113-132) Key Words : Forage, Nutrient Requirement, Poultry Husbandry, Animal Welfare, Free-range Egg, Free-range Meat INTRODUCTION must be from flocks that are kept in the following conditions: There has been a resurgence of interest in free-range 1. The hens must have continuous daytime access to 서식 있음: 글머리 기호 및 poultry farming in recent years in developed countries, as a open-air runs. 번호 매기기 result of welfare concerns associated with farming of 2. The ground to which hens have access must be poultry under intensive conditions. For the “best positive mainly covered with vegetation. -
Animal Rights Movement
Animal Rights Movement The Animal Protection Movement. Prevention of cruelty to animals became an important movement in early 19th Century England, where it grew alongside the humanitarian current that advanced human rights, including the anti-slavery movement and later the movement for woman suffrage. The first anti-cruelty bill, intended to stop bull-baiting, was introduced in Parliament in 1800. In 1822 Colonel Richard Martin succeeded in passing an act in the House of Commons preventing cruelty to such larger domestic animals as horses and cattle; two years later he organized the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) to help enforce the law. Queen Victoria commanded the addition of the prefix "Royal" to the Society in 1840. Following the British model, Henry Bergh organized the American SPCA in New York in 1866 after returning from his post in St. Petersburg as secretary to the American legation in Russia; he hoped it would become national in scope, but the ASPCA remained primarily an animal shelter program for New York City. Other SPCAs and Humane Societies were founded in the U.S. beginning in the late 1860s (often with support from abolitionists) with groups in Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and San Francisco among the first. Originally concerned with enforcing anti-cruelty laws, they soon began running animal shelters along the lines of a model developed in Philadelphia. The American Humane Association (AHA), with divisions for children and animals, was founded in 1877, and emerged as the leading national advocate for animal protection and child protection services. As the scientific approach to medicine expanded, opposition grew to the use of animals in medical laboratory research -- particularly in the era before anesthetics and pain-killers became widely available. -
Scarlet Letters: Meat, Normality and the Power of Shaming
Scarlet Letters: Meat, Normality and the Power of Shaming By Nicolas Delon In 2018 and 2019, a series of attacks by vegan activists struck meat- related businesses in France. Deemed “extreme” and “violent” by butchers, these actions invite us to reflect on the ethics of activism. Is it ever morally permissible to engage in illegal activism? Are tactics such as shaming even effective? As of this writing, a butcher shop in Paris was just vandalized, allegedly by vegan activists. From November 2018 to February 2019, a series of attacks struck meat-related businesses in the north of France. The damage included broken windows, fires at butchers’ shops, fishmongers, and restaurants, inflicted on nocturnal raids where activists also scrawled slogans such as “Stop Speciesism” and “Assassins”. Last June, butchers wrote to the interior ministry a letter to request increased protection, worrying about the consequences of “excessive media hype around vegan lifestyles”, and that vegans wanted to “impose their lifestyle on the immense majority of people”. Two animal rights activists were recently convicted of criminal damage by a court in Lille. “We needed an example to be made of them so that these actions by small groups with extremist and profoundly violent ideas come to an end,” said the head of the local butchers’ federation, Laurent Rigaud. France is no stranger to protests but the attacks shocked many in a country where gastronomy takes pride of place in culture. The attacks took place against the background of growing discussions around meat, animal abuse, veganism and speciesism, fueled in part by a string of undercover investigations led by the animal rights organization L-214 in slaughterhouses.