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Selected Diagnostic Pottery from Destruction Deposits on the Citadel of Mycenae: Building Kappa

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Selected Diagnostic Pottery from Destruction Deposits on the Citadel of Mycenae: Building Kappa i SELECTED DIAGNOSTIC POTTERY FROM DESTRUCTION DEPOSITS ON THE CITADEL OF MYCENAE: BUILDING KAPPA __________________________________________________________________ A Thesis Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board __________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS _________________________________________________________________ By Sarah Elizabeth Peterson January, 2011 Thesis Approvals: Dr. Philip P. Betancourt, Thesis Advisor, Department of Art History Dr. Jane D. Evans, Department of Art History ii ABSTRACT This study presents a preliminary examination of the pottery from Building Kappa, a recently excavated building on the citadel of Mycenae. Resulting from a formal detailed analysis of a portion of the recovered ceramic assemblage, this research corrects several errors recorded in notebooks at the time of excavation before the pottery was washed and studied. The excavated area of Building Kappa contained three different levels: Stratum 4/6, a deposit associated with the structure that shows it went out of use in the LH IIIB period; Level 3, a deposit consisting of baulks left unexcavated by early expeditions in the 1890’s, which consists of an LH IIIC level from habitation near this area after the building went out of use; and Deposit 2β, a modern backfill containing both Bronze Age and Hellenistic pottery that was spread across the site in modern times. The importance of the study is that it clarifies the stratigraphy of the area of Building Kappa and allows preliminary observations about the nature of the occupation at this location. More importantly, this research indicates the need for a more detailed examination of the remainder of the unstudied ceramic assemblage. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks are due to Prof. Spyros E. Iakovidis and Prof. Christofilis Maggidis for providing access to the material presented in this thesis, and to the Archaeological Society of Athens, under whose auspices the excavations of Building Kappa were undertaken. I am also most thankful to the Ephors of the Argolid, and to the staff of the Mycenae Archaeological Museum for graciously providing assistance with the practical aspects of the study. I would also like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Philip P. Betancourt, who provided much needed instruction, support, insight, and feedback during the study of this material. Also to Prof. Jane D. Evans, whose suggestions and comments regarding the content of this thesis have been invaluable. I also gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of all those who took part in the study: Dr. Katie Lantzas, Jennifer Danis, Allison Cuneo, Kristen Wroth, Diane Evitts, Erica Pitcairn, Daniella Zalcman, and undergraduate students from Dickinson College, Elmira College, California State University, Long Beach, and Tufts University. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..........................................................................................iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................vii LIST OF PLATES .......................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1 The Citadel of Mycenae..........................................................................................1 History of Explorations on the Citadel of Mycenae ...............................................3 The Study of Mycenaean Pottery............................................................................4 Methodology...........................................................................................................5 2. THE EXCAVATION OF BUILDING KAPPA....................................................7 3. ANALYSIS OF THE DEPOSITS FROM BUILDING KAPPA ..........................9 Context 2β from Sector I of Building Kappa (2002) ..............................................9 Locus 3 from Sector II of Building Kappa (2003)................................................11 Layer 4/6 from Room 1 of Building Kappa (2004) ..............................................14 4. THE CURRENTLY UNDERSTOOD HISTORY OF BUILDING KAPPA ................................................................................................................19 BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................................21 APPENDICES A. CATALOG OF SELECTED DIAGNOSTIC POTTERY FROM BUILDING KAPPA…………………………………………………………...25 Context 2β from Sector I of Building Kappa (2002) ............................................26 v Locus 3 from Sector II of Building Kappa (2003)................................................30 Layer 4/6 from Room 1 of Building Kappa (2004) ..............................................34 FIGURES...................................................................................................................41 PLATES.....................................................................................................................69 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS All abbreviations follow those recommended by the American Journal of Archaeology (AJA 111, 2007: 3–34), unless otherwise listed here: Introduction P.A. Mountjoy, Mycenaean Pottery: An Introduction, Oxford University School of Archaeology Monograph, no. 36 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001). Midea Walberg, Gisela. Midea: The Megaron Complex and Shrine Area: Excavations on the Lower Terraces, 1994–1997, Prehistory Monographs, no. 20 (Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press, 2007). MDP P.A. Mountjoy, Mycenaean Decorated Pottery: A Guide to Identification. Göteborg: Paul Astroms Forlag, 1986. Panagia I.M. Shear, The Panagia Houses at Mycenae. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1987. vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Map of Mycenae showing the location of the citadel. From Maggidis and Stamos 2006, fig. 2 ..............................................................................................41 2. Plan of Building Kappa, following the 2006 season of excavation.....................42 3. Plan of Sector I of Building Kappa, following the 2002 season of excavation ............................................................................................................43 4. South-facing section drawing of Sector I of Building Kappa from the 2002 season, showing Layers 2β, 3, and 4...........................................................44 5. East-facing section drawing of Sector I of Building Kappa, showing location of Layer 2β both on top of and next to Layers 3 and 4, from the 2002 season..........................................................................................................44 6. Plan of Sector II of Building Kappa, showing location of Locus 3, from the 2003 season....................................................................................................45 7. Plan and section drawings of Sector III of Building Kappa, showing location of Layer 4/6............................................................................................45 8. Cat. no. 1 (MYCK_02_0018/MM 32439), 2 to 1................................................46 9. Cat. no. 2 (MYCK_02_0083/MM 32450), 2 to 1................................................46 10. Cat. no. 3 (MYCK_02_0006/MM 31356), 2 to 1................................................46 11. Cat. no. 4 (MYCK_02_0071/MM 31355), 2 to 1................................................47 12. Cat. no. 5 (MYCK_02_0002/MM 31356), 2 to 1................................................47 13. Cat. no. 6 (MYCK_02_0096/MM 32458), 2 to 1................................................47 14. Cat. no. 7 (MYCK_02_0055/MM 32461), 2 to 1................................................48 15. Cat. no. 8 (MYCK_02_0082/MM 32450), 2 to 1................................................48 16. Cat. no. 9 (MYCK_02_001/MM 31356), 2 to 1..................................................48 17. Cat. no. 10 (MYCK_02_0077/MM 31327), 2 to 1..............................................49 18. Cat. no. 11 (MYCK_02_0023/MM 32452), 2 to 1..............................................49 viii 19. Cat. no. 12 (MYCK_02_0103/MM 31329), 2 to 1..............................................49 20. Cat. no. 13 (MYCK_02_0027/MM 31328), 2 to 1..............................................50 21. Cat. no. 14 (MYCK_02_0069/MM 32461), 2 to 1..............................................50 22. Cat. no. 15 (MYCK_02_0097/MM 32458), 2 to 1..............................................50 23. Cat. no. 16 (MYCK_02_0180/MM 32461), 2 to 1..............................................51 24. Cat. no. 17 (MYCK_02_0185/MM 31328), 2 to 1..............................................51 25. Cat. no. 18 (MYCK_03_0148/MM 32514), 2 to 1..............................................51 26. Cat. no. 19 (MYCK_03_0151/MM 32510), 2 to 1..............................................52 27. Cat. no. 20 (MYCK_03_0127/MM 33475), 2 to 1..............................................52 28. Cat. no. 21 (MYCK_03_0141/MM 32514), 2 to 1..............................................52 29. Cat. no. 22 (MYCK_03_0145/MM 32514), 2 to 1..............................................53
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