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Post-Election Violence in Kenya
Spontaneous or Premeditated? DISCUSSION PAPER 57 SPONTANEOUS OR PREMEDITATED? Post-Election Violence in Kenya GODWIN R. MURUNGA NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UppSALA 2011 Indexing terms: Elections Violence Political violence Political crisis Ethnicity Democratization Kenya The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Language checking: Peter Colenbrander ISSN 1104-8417 ISBN 978-91-7106-694-7 © The author and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2011 Production: Byrå4 Print on demand, Lightning Source UK Ltd. Spontaneous or Premeditated? Contents Contents ..............................................................................................................................................................3 Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................5 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................7 Post-Election Violence: Overview of the Literature .............................................................................8 A Note on the Kenyan Democratisation Processes ............................................................................13 Clash of Interpretations ................................................................................................................................17 The Ballot Box and -
Kenya Election History 1963-2013
KENYA ELECTION HISTORY 1963-2013 1963 Kenya Election History 1963 1963: THE PRE-INDEPENDENCE ELECTIONS These were the last elections in pre-independent Kenya and the key players were two political parties, KANU and KADU. KADU drew its support from smaller, less urbanized communities hence advocated majimboism (regionalism) as a means of protecting them. KANU had been forced to accept KADU’s proposal to incorporate a majimbo system of government after being pressured by the British government. Though KANU agreed to majimbo, it vowed to undo it after gaining political power. The majimbo constitution that was introduced in 1962 provided for a two-chamber national legislature consisting of an upper (Senate) and lower (House of Representative). The Campaign KADU allied with the African People’s Party (APP) in the campaign. KANU and APP agreed not to field candidates in seats where the other stood a better chance. The Voting Elections were marked by high voter turnout and were held in three phases. They were widely boycotted in the North Eastern Province. Violence was reported in various parts of the country; four were killed in Isiolo, teargas used in Nyanza and Nakuru, clashes between supporters in Machakos, Mombasa, Nairobi and Kitale. In the House of Representative KANU won 66 seats out of 112 and gained working majority from 4 independents and 3 from NPUA, KADU took 47 seats and APP won 8. In the Senate KANU won 19 out 38 seats while KADU won 16 seats, APP won 2 and NPUA only 1. REFERENCE: NATIONAL ELECTIONS DATA BOOK By Institute for Education in Democracy (published in 1997). -
Finger Millet Variety May/June 2019 Issue
MAY/JUNE ISSUE - 2019 OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF KENYA www.ask.co.ke Volume: 200 Ksh 150/= On the inside → Gains of passion fruit farming → Shift to horticulture Improved → Disruptive agricultural technology Finger Millet Variety May/June 2019 Issue Contents 5 | Editor 6 | Patrons’ Take 14 | Gains of passion fruit farming 8 | NC & CEO 15 | Asparagus Messages 17 | Tea tree farming gaining popularity in Nanyuki 13 | Events 2019 18 | Drone technology assist farmers in Meru 22 | Farmers in Tharaka Nithi shifting Common Nightshade Nyota F.1 from bananas to horticulture farming 26 | Rejuvenating vital sectors in rural 16 | Dairy project launched in Meru economies 28 | Smart crops cussion farmers against being food insecure 32 | Researchers promise farmers improved finger millet variety Gloria F.1 34 | Sand dams gurantee machakos farmers Watermelon water and food Sugar Belle F.1 36 | Disruptive agricultural technology 30 | Laikipia farmers 38 | Scientist discover doubling their yields new remendy for fall Red Nice F.1 of armyworms Tel: 020 2215066/97/83, info@siml2 Kenyaaw. Farmerco.ke • May/JuneMobile: Issue 0722 200545, P.O Box 40042-00100 Kenya Farmer • May/June Issue 3 www.simlaw.co.ke 0734 811 861. 020 2602191/93. Nairobi. PATRON H.E. President Hon. Uhuru Welcome Kenyatta, CGH DEPUTY PATRON H.E. Deputy President Hon. to issue 200 William Ruto, EGH FIRST VICE PATRON Hon. Mwangi Kiunjuri, EGH COUNTY PATRONS County Governors SOCIETY CHAIRMAN Mrs. Annabel Kiriinya DEPUTY CHAIRMEN Mr. Jackson Tuwei Ms. Edith Onzere Mr. Charles Owelle Changing Weather and Climate Patterns: LEGAL ADVISOR Dr. Kennedy Omanga Blessing or Curse for Agriculture CHIEF EXECUTIVE Mr. -
Candidate Brief
Candidate Brief Brief for the position of Chief Executive Officer, PGA European Tour February 2015 Candidate Brief, February 2015 2 Chief Executive Officer, PGA European Tour Contents Welcome from the Chairman ................................................................................................................. 3 Summary......................................................................................................................................................... 4 The PGA European Tour........................................................................................................................... 5 Constitution and governance ............................................................................................................... 11 Role profile .................................................................................................................................................. 12 Selection criteria ....................................................................................................................................... 16 Principal challenges ................................................................................................................................. 17 Remuneration ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Search process ........................................................................................................................................... -
8 9 Les Sites Naturels À Ne Pas Manquer 10 Maurice, Île Durable 11 12 Découverte Et Loisirs En Plein Air Au Cœur De L’Île 13 Destination Golf Par Excellence
NOUVEAUTÉS 1 Nouveautés à l’île maurice 2 Actualités et nouveautés hôtelières TOUR D’HORIZON 3 Une île aux mille et une facettes 4 5 6 Informations pratiques & événements 7 Le tigre économique de l’océan indien CÔTÉ NATURE 8 9 Les sites naturels à ne pas manquer 10 Maurice, île durable 11 12 Découverte et loisirs en plein air au cœur de l’île 13 Destination Golf par excellence CÔTÉ OCÉAN 14 Détente & loisirs au cœur du lagon CULTURE, SAVEURS & TRADITIONS MAURICIENNES 15 L’Île Maurice, terre de savoir-faire 16 Une histoire à découvrir à travers les musées VACANCES À THÈME 17 18 Vacances à thème à l’île Maurice L’ÎLE RODRIGUES 19 20 A la découverte de l’Île Rodrigues Nous remercions pour les photos : •L’OfficeduTourismedel’îleMaurice–MTPA,LyHoangLong,AzeemKhobabux,SergeMarizy,AmitMehra,BambaSourang. •L’OfficeduTourismedeRodrigues •AapravasiGhatTrustFund •JonathanAhyu-PorlwiByLight •L’îleauxAigrettes–V.Tatayah,D.Thisbee,JacquesdeSpéville •BeataAlbert-PorlwiByLight •L’AventureduSucre •AVSProduction-Porlwi •BluePennyMuseum • Casela World of Adventures •FredericaNatureReserve–DomainedeBelOmbre •MaradivaVillasResort&Spa •NationalParksandConservationServices •TheResidence •TerrOceanConcept–Domainedel’Etoile •LaValléedesCouleursNaturePark •LaValléedeFerney •LaVanilleNaturePark–RéserveFrançoisLeguat •LaVieilleCheminée Les erreurs ou omissions involontaires qui auraient pu subsister dans ce dossier de Presse malgré les soins et les contrôles de l’équipe de rédaction ne sauraient engager la responsabilité de l’OT de l’île Maurice. Office du Tourisme de l’île Maurice en France Maurice Tourisme 01 53 43 53 37 Mon_ilemaurice [email protected] Mon_ilemaurice www.tourism-mauritius.mu/fr http://www.mynewsdesk.com/fr/ilemaurice-tourisme NOUVEAUTÉS à l’Île Maurice 1 Nouveautés à l’île maurice Téléchargez l’application mobile mymauritius Imaginée comme une plateforme fédératrice autour de l’Ile Maurice, MyMauritius a pris la forme d’une application mobile destinée à référencer l’essentiel des services et produits, autour d’une plateforme digitale commune. -
Tuesday PAGE 1 2509.Indd
INDEPENDENT FRESH AND CALLS CRITICS MYOPIC DIFFERENT DP RUTO SAYS TAX 25 INCREASE IS SLIGHT SEPTEMBER 2018 AND NECESSARY FOR TUESDAY COUNTRY’S OWN GOOD KSh60 (TSh1,000 | USh2,000) PG 6 FALLING OUT SUSPICIOUS DEALS JARED KWAGA WAS AWARDED CONTRACTS WORTH SH1.6BN Chebukati fi res Chiloba, cites gross misconduct e IEBC yesterday formally sacked Obado’s proxies CEO Ezra Chiloba who has been suspended since April. Chiloba was indicted by the commission’s internal audit report which revealed taxpayers could have lost millions in fl awed procurement s and services for the general election. got Sh2.5 billion PAGE 2 AUDIT REPORT Why former REA boss in tender scams Ng’ang’a is EACC obtained orders to freeze six bank accounts and preserve 37 parcels of land in trouble An internal audit by the Rural Electrifi cation Authority Board has exposed blatant abuse of offi ce and manipulation of tenders putting former CEO Ng’ang’a Munyu in the spotlight. Munyu was kicked out by the board and is now being pursued by the anti-graft agency. PAGE 7 POISONOUS Senate grills KRA, Kebs over rotting maize in silos A Senate committee has quizzed Malaba Border Agencies over the entry of Sh8 billion maize that is now rotting in silos across the country. It also grilled Kebs, KRA and Kephis offi cials. PAGE 8 VOICES KENNETH LUSAKA GOVERNOR CHARGED WITH MURDER, REMANDED Senate visits IN THE DOCK: Obado at the Milimani law court yesterday where he was charged with the murder of Sharon Otieno. He denied the charge / COLLINS KWEYU the grassroots FELIX OLICK AND SUSAN MUHINDI/ funds to local and off shore accounts. -
The Challenges of Reinvigorating Democracy Through Visual Art in 21St Century Nairobi
The challenges of reinvigorating democracy through visual art in 21st century Nairobi Craig Campbell Halliday 30 September 2019 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Sainsbury Research Unit for the Arts of Africa, Oceania & the Americas School of Art, Media and American Studies University of East Anglia, Norwich This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived therefrom must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. 1 Abstract This study examines the potential for contemporary visual art to reinvigorate democracy in 21st century Nairobi, Kenya, through an interdisciplinary investigation. The new millennium ushered in fresh hope for democratisation in the postcolonial East African country. In 2002, Daniel arap Moi’s 24 years of authoritarian rule ended. The opposition were victorious at the ballot box, instilling a belief amongst the electorate that formal political processes could bring change. However, the post-election violence of 2007/8 shattered such convictions. But, from this election result came a progressive Constitution and with it possibilities for creating change. These momentous events underscore Kenya’s topsy-turvy path towards democracy – a path whose trajectory is charted in the experience of ordinary Kenyans who believe in democracy’s value and their right to participate in politics and civil life. Artists, too, have been at the forefront of this ongoing struggle. This study draws on empirical research to demonstrate contemporary visual art’s capacity to expand ways of practising, experiencing and understanding democracy. -
Entry Information
ENTRY INFORMATION ELIGIBILITY Eligibility is limited to PGA members who meet all of the following criteria. 1. Must be eligibly employed in and classified in one of the following membership classifications as of May 11, 2016. The PGA of America headquarters membership records must reflect this status and the individual must actually be eligibly employed on May 11, 2016. The Blaisdell Pro Am and the Pennhills Club reserve the absolute right to deny any entry at any time in the event that the Blaisdell Pro Am Committee determines that an individual is not eligibly employed as required herein. MP Master Professional A-14 Director of Instruction at a PGA Recognized Facility A-1 Head Professional at a PGA Recognized Golf Course A-15 Ownership or management of a Retail Golf Facility A-2 Head Professional at a PGA Recognized Golf Range A-16 Golf Course Architect A-4 Director of Golf at PGA Recognized Golf Facilities A-17 Golf Course Superintendent A-5 Past Presidents of the Association A-18 Golf Media A-6 Golf Instructor at a PGA Recognized Facility A-19 Golf Manufacturer Management Head Professional at a PGA Recognized Facility A-7 A-20 Golf Manufacture Sales Representative Under Construction Assistant Golf Professional at a PGA Recognized Tournament Coordinator/Director for Organizations, A-8 A-21 Facility Businesses or Associations Employed in Professional Positions in Management Development,, A-9 Ownership Operation and/or Financing of Facilities A-22 Rules Official A-10 Golf Clinician A-23 Club Fitting/Club Repair Employed within the golf industry and not eligible for another A-11 Golf Administrator A-24 Active classification A-12 College or University Golf Coach LMA Life Member Active A-13 General Manager LMMA Life Member Master Professional Active 2. -
Devolved System of Governance Could Be Kenya's Last Chance
ISSUE 081, April 16-31, 2013 Unfiltered, uninhibited…just the gruesome truth 1 April 16-30, 2013 ISSUE 081 A bimonthly newspaper by the Media Diversity Centre, a project of African Woman and Child Feature Service CHALLENGES OF COUNTY GOVERNMENTS Hope in County government Devolved system of governance could be Kenya’s last chance By JOYCE CHIMBI In the wake of the most competitive and com- plex general election in the country’s history, it is all systems go as Kenya transits from a cen- tralized to a devolved system of governance. Many are hopeful that the solution to hun- ger, poverty and gross inequalities that have be- devilled the country lie in a devolved system of governance. “Due to the centralized system, where all de- cisions regarding this country are made in Nai- robi, people travel from the other seven regions to Nairobi since they believe it represents pros- pects for a better life,” says Dr Danson Mwan- gangi, an economist and market researcher in East Africa. He says that centralization of power and re- sources has compromised the establishment of strong linkages between policy, planning and execution of the national budget. “When the national budget is being read in parliament, millions of poor Kenyans hurdle around radio sets for news on price reductions of major items, our concern being our day to day survival,” says Benjamin Owuor, a mason in Nairobi. He notes: “Decisions regarding the needs of ordinary Kenyans are made in the Parliament that sits in Nairobi, we now want these deci- sions made in County assemblies that sit where the ordinary Kenyans are.” centralized government, allocates 75 per cent With recent statistics by the World Bank re- of its resources equally across the 210 (in pre- vealing that of the 800,000 job seekers, the job vious parliament) constituencies in Kenya, market can only absorb a paltry 50,000, thou- and only 25 per cent is based on the poverty sands of job seekers come to Nairobi to scram- rate of particular constituencies. -
July - December, 2019 Issue #32
July - December, 2019 Issue #32 PHOTO COURTESY OF STATE HOUSE Quality training of health professionals towards realization of Theme: “Transformational Training of Health Professionals for UHC” Quality training of health professionals towards realization of www.kmtc.ac.ke 1 Kenya Medical Training College OUR VISION “A model institution in the training and development of competent health professionals’’ OUR MISSION “To produce competent health professionals through training and research, and provide consultancy services’’ OUR CORE VALUES Accountability Integrity Responsiveness Equity Team work Professionalism Creativity and innovation MOTTO Training for Better Health 2 www.kmtc.ac.ke Training for Better Health PUBLISHED BY:- INSIDE Office of the Chief Executive Officer Kenya Medical Training College P.O. Box 30195-00100, Nairobi - Kenya Tel: 020-2725711/2/3/4 020-2081822/3 0737-352-543/0706-541-869 Email: [email protected] H.E President Uhuru Kenyatta inspects a guard of honor mounted by NYS Cadets during their pass out pared in Gilgil Website: www.kmtc.ac.ke Twitter: @Kmtc_official Facebook: @KMTCofficial EDITORIAL ADVISORY EDITORIAL ADVISOR:- CS Dr. Miriam Muthoka, PhD H.E The First Lady Margaret Kenyatta (center), accompanied by KMTC CEO Prof. Michael Kiptoo (3rd right) and other guests in State House Nairobi EDITOR:- Ms. Onsomu Marcellah DEPARTMENTS:- • Finance, Planning and Administration • Governance and Compliance • Academics CONTRIBUTORS:- A section of graduands during the 87th Annual Graduation Ceremony • Kamau Maina • Lynette Gathigia • Terry Kanai • Evans Ngara • Gladys Motende • Dr. Jebichi Maswan PHOTOGRAPHY:- Corporate Communications CREATIVE DESIGN:- Supreme Agencies CS Dr. Miriam Muthoka (2nd right) receives the runners up award in the Corporation Secretary Year Award 2019 category Quality training of health professionals towards realization of www.kmtc.ac.ke i KMTC CAMPUSES 1. -
Eligibility – Assistant PGA Professional Championship
Eligibility – Assistant PGA Professional Page 35 Championship Eligibility is limited to Class A-8 PGA Members and Associates who meet all the following criteria. 1. Class A-8 Members and all Associates must be eligibly employed and in good standing at the time of entry and as of the Section’s entry deadline (unless special exception criteria met). The PGA of America Headquarters records must reflect this status at time of entry and on the Section entry deadline (unless special exception criteria met). 2. Must not have played in more than eight (8) combined Adams Pro Tour (APT), Asian Tour, Dakotas Tour, European Challenge Tour, European Senior Tour, European Tour, JPGA Senior Tour, JPGA Tour, Ladies European Tour (LET), Symetra Tour (LPGA), LPGA Tour, Mackenzie TOUR-Canada, PGA Australia Tours, PGA New Zealand Tours, PGA TOUR, PGA TOUR Champions, PGA TOUR-China, PGA TOUR LatinoAmerica, SwingThought Tour, The Safari Tour, The Sunshine Tour and Korn Ferry Tour tournaments within twelve-month period prior to each Section deadline. The U.S. Open, U.S. Senior Open, U.S. Women’s Open, PGA Championship, KitchenAid Senior PGA Championship and KPMG Women’s PGA Championship are not included in the 8-tournament count. PGA Tournament Corporation, Inc., reserves the right to determine whether any player meets eligibility and to reject any player who does not meet these requirements. A PGA member will not be eligible to participate if: a) the member/associate is serving a suspension from membership; b) the member/associate is suspended from tournament participation for National tournaments; or c) the member is classified as Class F, Reserve, A-3, Retired Member, Life Member Retired or Honorary.. -
Global Media Sport: Flows, Forms and Futures
Rowe, David. "From West to East – and Back Again." Global Media Sport: Flows, Forms and Futures. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2011. 89–114. Globalizing Sport Studies. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 30 Sep. 2021. <http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781849661577.ch-005>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 30 September 2021, 09:02 UTC. Copyright © David Rowe 2011. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. 5 From West to East – and Back Again Sport beyond nations? When considering global media sport, it is crucial to consider the nature and balance of its fl ows around the world. As indicated in various places in this book, it is banal and misleading to talk about ‘the global’ as if it were evenly spread and without histories, origins and destinations. Nations are not irrelevant to sport and media – only a brief glance at locational variations in the popularity and prominence of various sports, and the involvement of national governments in it, quickly disabuses the analyst of that misconception – but not all nations command equal power over the production and circulation of sport. The institution of sport, its practices and protocols emerged, as argued in Chapter 2, in the West, as did the fi rst major media institutions capable of transmitting the images and sounds of sport across the globe. Therefore, there is a close historical relationship between the development of global sport and Western imperialism and colonialism still evident in the twenty-fi rst century, but as is also apparent, control over the fl ows of media and sport is not all one way, and just as there is something of a shift in geopolitical economic power towards Asia, this trend is also registering in sport and its mediation.