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Bulgaria's Pirin Mountains
The Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria ABODE OF THE THUNDER GOD 13th - 27th June Introduction The YRC meet to Bulgaria came about after a chance communication from Lizzie Alderson, who runs Pirin Adventures, a company which provides mountaineering, trekking and walking holidays in the Pirin Mountains of Bulgaria. Further conversations with Lizzie in Leeds and some research on the internet confirmed that it would be a novel and extremely interesting location for an overseas meet, with plenty of scope for a fortnight’s hut-to-hut trekking, taking in ridges and summits as we pleased. Named after Perun, the Thracian god of thunder and lightning, the Pirin Mountains are crystalline and located in southwest Bulgaria within the western part of the Rila-Rhodope massif. The Pirin massif slopes southwards and has a width of 30-35km. The main axis is oriented NW-SE with an approximate length of 70km. The northern part of the range comprises the Pirin National Park of 232 square kilometres, which has UNESCO status. The geology is complex but the mountain ridges are mostly granite. The Koncheto ridge and its continuation over Kutelo and Vihren summits are different and comprise marbleised karst with remains of the granite intrusion and some limestone. Limestone is also present around Mt Orelyak to the east. There are over 180 glacial tarns and lakes in Pirin. The Alpine zone scree and rocks are replaced by sub-alpine meadow-bush areas around 2300m and mountain forest between 1000-2000m. This ecological diversity was enhanced by the rapidly ablating snowfields present in June, providing us with an amazing display of flora and fauna. -
Vladimir Paounovsky
THE B ULGARIAN POLICY TTHE BB ULGARIAN PP OLICY ON THE BB ALKAN CCOUNTRIESAND NN ATIONAL MM INORITIES,, 1878-19121878-1912 Vladimir Paounovsky 1.IN THE NAME OF THE NATIONAL IDEAL The period in the history of the Balkan nations known as the “Eastern Crisis of 1875-1879” determined the international political development in the region during the period between the end of 19th century and the end of World War I (1918). That period was both a time of the consolidation of and opposition to Balkan nationalism with the aim of realizing, to a greater or lesser degree, separate national doctrines and ideals. Forced to maneuver in the labyrinth of contradictory interests of the Great Powers on the Balkan Peninsula, the battles among the Balkan countries for superiority of one over the others, led them either to Pyrrhic victories or defeats. This was particularly evident during the 1912-1913 Balkan Wars (The Balkan War and The Interallied War) and World War I, which was ignited by a spark from the Balkans. The San Stefano Peace Treaty of 3 March, 1878 put an end to the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878). According to the treaty, an independent Bulgarian state was to be founded within the ethnographic borders defined during the Istanbul Conference of December 1876; that is, within the framework of the Bulgarian Exarchate. According to the treaty the only loss for Bulgaria was the ceding of North Dobroujda to Romania as compensa- tion for the return of Bessarabia to Russia. The Congress of Berlin (June 1878), however, re-consid- ered the Peace Treaty and replaced it with a new one in which San Stefano Bulgaria was parceled out; its greater part was put under Ottoman control again while Serbia was given the regions around Pirot and Vranya as a compensation for the occupation of Novi Pazar sancak (administrative district) by Austro-Hun- - 331 - VLADIMIR P AOUNOVSKY gary. -
Analytical Report
ANALYTICAL REPORT CAPACITY OF THE MUNICIPALITIES OF BANSKO, BELITSA, RAZLOG AND YAKORUDA FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVITIES RELATED TO ALTERNATIVE TOURISM IN A CROSS-BORDER REGION Part One 1. General Characteristics of the region а. Territory, towns, natural assets The four municipalities are located at the foot of the Pirin and Rila Mountains and in the Western-most part of the Rhodope Mountains. Their total area is 1,568 sq. km. and there are 5 towns and 31 villages situated there, including high in the mountains. The infrastructure is relatively good and ensures access to all settlements. The local roads are being renovated as per the adopted municipal pans. There is Internet in place, which ensures good conditions for modern communications. The region is mountainous and includes reserves, protected territories and National Parks. The area is rich in water resources: rivers, high-mountain lakes, waterfalls (the most famous one being the Sv. Nikola Waterfall – Municipality of Bansko). There are also many thermal springs, the majority of them being unique. The Banya village, located along the Razlog – Yakoruda road, is one of the richest settlements in Bulgaria in terms of thermal water – 72 springs have been found with various temperature and composition. Along the course of the Dobrinishka River, there is the mineral water pool built in ancient times and known as Rimskoto Banche (the Roman Bath). There are two thermal water deposits in the Municipality of Belitsa – one of them with low-mineralised water suitable for daily use and the other – with water suitable for treating locomotor problems. The natural rock formations – wonders of nature, which are the subject of various legends, are also numerous and varied. -
Bulgarian Pirin National Park, UNESCO World Heritage Site
Bulgarian Pirin National Park, UNESCO World Heritage Site Pirin National park is an UNESCO world heritage site because the exceptional beauty of the mountain scenery, glacial geomorphology, continuing evolution of flora, and an example of a functioning Balkan uplands ecosystem. The dominant part of the park is high mountain territory over 2,000 m. The diverse limestone mountain landscapes include over 70 glacial lakes and a range of glacial landforms, with many waterfalls, rocky screes and caves. Forests are dominated by conifers. Pirin’s natural coniferous forests include Macedonian Pine and Bosnian Pine, with many old growth trees. Endemic species for the Balkan and the Apenine Peninsula, the Bosnian Pine (Pinus heldreichii) is very special in Bulgaria, its forests are only met in Pirin and Slavyanka Mountains. A special Pirin landmark is a 1,300 years old tree of Bosnian Pine, known as “Baikusheva mura” – believed to be the oldest tree on the Balkan peninsula. The high mountain peaks and crags contrast with meadows, rivers and waterfalls and provide the opportunity to experience the aesthetics of a Balkan mountain landscape. NP Pirin includes a range of endemic and relict species that are representative of the Balkan Pleistocene flora. The park includes also one of the oldest reserves in Bulgaria – Bayuvi Dupki-Dzhindzhiritsa. Pirin National Park has long been subject to tourism pressure, largely caused by the development of ski facilities and ski runs, the main threat being the construction and development of Bansko ski zone on the northern slope of the Park. In 2011 a geodesic investigation of Bansko ski zone by the government proved that the ski zone concessionaire in fact uses a 65% larger area than the concession contract provides for. -
Annex REPORT for 2019 UNDER the “HEALTH CARE” PRIORITY of the NATIONAL ROMA INTEGRATION STRATEGY of the REPUBLIC of BULGAR
Annex REPORT FOR 2019 UNDER THE “HEALTH CARE” PRIORITY of the NATIONAL ROMA INTEGRATION STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA 2012 - 2020 Operational objective: A national monitoring progress report has been prepared for implementation of Measure 1.1.2. “Performing obstetric and gynaecological examinations with mobile offices in settlements with compact Roma population”. During the period 01.07—20.11.2019, a total of 2,261 prophylactic medical examinations were carried out with the four mobile gynaecological offices to uninsured persons of Roma origin and to persons with difficult access to medical facilities, as 951 women were diagnosed with diseases. The implementation of the activity for each Regional Health Inspectorate is in accordance with an order of the Minister of Health to carry out not less than 500 examinations with each mobile gynaecological office. Financial resources of BGN 12,500 were allocated for each mobile unit, totalling BGN 50,000 for the four units. During the reporting period, the mobile gynecological offices were divided into four areas: Varna (the city of Varna, the village of Kamenar, the town of Ignatievo, the village of Staro Oryahovo, the village of Sindel, the village of Dubravino, the town of Provadia, the town of Devnya, the town of Suvorovo, the village of Chernevo, the town of Valchi Dol); Silistra (Tutrakan Municipality– the town of Tutrakan, the village of Tsar Samuel, the village of Nova Cherna, the village of Staro Selo, the village of Belitsa, the village of Preslavtsi, the village of Tarnovtsi, -
The Slugs of Bulgaria (Arionidae, Milacidae, Agriolimacidae
POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII ANNALES ZOOLOGICI Tom 37 Warszawa, 20 X 1983 Nr 3 A n d rzej W ik t o r The slugs of Bulgaria (A rionidae , M ilacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae — G astropoda , Stylommatophora) [With 118 text-figures and 31 maps] Abstract. All previously known Bulgarian slugs from the Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae and Agriolimacidae families have been discussed in this paper. It is based on many years of individual field research, examination of all accessible private and museum collections as well as on critical analysis of the published data. The taxa from families to species are sup plied with synonymy, descriptions of external morphology, anatomy, bionomics, distribution and all records from Bulgaria. It also includes the original key to all species. The illustrative material comprises 118 drawings, including 116 made by the author, and maps of localities on UTM grid. The occurrence of 37 slug species was ascertained, including 1 species (Tandonia pirinia- na) which is quite new for scientists. The occurrence of other 4 species known from publications could not bo established. Basing on the variety of slug fauna two zoogeographical limits were indicated. One separating the Stara Pianina Mountains from south-western massifs (Pirin, Rila, Rodopi, Vitosha. Mountains), the other running across the range of Stara Pianina in the^area of Shipka pass. INTRODUCTION Like other Balkan countries, Bulgaria is an area of Palearctic especially interesting in respect to malacofauna. So far little investigation has been carried out on molluscs of that country and very few papers on slugs (mostly contributions) were published. The papers by B a b o r (1898) and J u r in ić (1906) are the oldest ones. -
1 I. ANNEXES 1 Annex 6. Map and List of Rural Municipalities in Bulgaria
I. ANNEXES 1 Annex 6. Map and list of rural municipalities in Bulgaria (according to statistical definition). 1 List of rural municipalities in Bulgaria District District District District District District /Municipality /Municipality /Municipality /Municipality /Municipality /Municipality Blagoevgrad Vidin Lovech Plovdiv Smolyan Targovishte Bansko Belogradchik Apriltsi Brezovo Banite Antonovo Belitsa Boynitsa Letnitsa Kaloyanovo Borino Omurtag Gotse Delchev Bregovo Lukovit Karlovo Devin Opaka Garmen Gramada Teteven Krichim Dospat Popovo Kresna Dimovo Troyan Kuklen Zlatograd Haskovo Petrich Kula Ugarchin Laki Madan Ivaylovgrad Razlog Makresh Yablanitsa Maritsa Nedelino Lyubimets Sandanski Novo Selo Montana Perushtitsa Rudozem Madzharovo Satovcha Ruzhintsi Berkovitsa Parvomay Chepelare Mineralni bani Simitli Chuprene Boychinovtsi Rakovski Sofia - district Svilengrad Strumyani Vratsa Brusartsi Rodopi Anton Simeonovgrad Hadzhidimovo Borovan Varshets Sadovo Bozhurishte Stambolovo Yakoruda Byala Slatina Valchedram Sopot Botevgrad Topolovgrad Burgas Knezha Georgi Damyanovo Stamboliyski Godech Harmanli Aitos Kozloduy Lom Saedinenie Gorna Malina Shumen Kameno Krivodol Medkovets Hisarya Dolna banya Veliki Preslav Karnobat Mezdra Chiprovtsi Razgrad Dragoman Venets Malko Tarnovo Mizia Yakimovo Zavet Elin Pelin Varbitsa Nesebar Oryahovo Pazardzhik Isperih Etropole Kaolinovo Pomorie Roman Batak Kubrat Zlatitsa Kaspichan Primorsko Hayredin Belovo Loznitsa Ihtiman Nikola Kozlevo Ruen Gabrovo Bratsigovo Samuil Koprivshtitsa Novi Pazar Sozopol Dryanovo -
Nicopolis Ad Nestum and Its Place in the Ancient Road Infrastructure of Southwestern Thracia
BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, XLIV, 2018 Proceedings of the First International Roman and Late Antique Thrace Conference “Cities, Territories and Identities” (Plovdiv, 3rd – 7th October 2016) Nicopolis ad Nestum and Its Place in the Ancient Road Infrastructure of Southwestern Thracia Svetla PETROVA Abstract: The road network of main and secondary roads for Nicopolis ad Nestum has not been studied comprehensively so far. Our research was carried out in the pe- riod 2010-2015. We have gathered the preserved parts of roads with bridges, together with the results of archaeological studies and data about the settlements alongside these roads. The Roman city of Nicopolis ad Nestum inherited road connections from 1 One of the first descriptions of the pre-Roman times, which were further developed. Road construction in the area has road net in the area of Nevrokop belongs been traced chronologically from the pre-Roman roads to the Roman primary and to Captain A. Benderev (Бендерев 1890, secondary ones for the ancient city. There were several newly built roadbeds that were 461-470). V. Kanchov is the next to follow important for the area and connected Nicopolis with Via Diagonalis and Via Egnatia. the ancient road across the Rhodopes, The elements of infrastructure have been established: primary and secondary roads, connecting Nicopolis ad Nestum with crossings, facilities and roadside stations. Also the locations of custom-houses have the valley of the Hebros river (Кънчов been found at the border between Parthicopolis and Nicopolis ad Nestum. We have 1894, 235-247). The road from the identified a dense network of road infrastructure with relatively straight sections and a Nestos river (at Nicopolis) to Dospat, lot of local roads and bridges, connecting the settlements in the territory of Nicopolis the so-called Trans-Rhodopean road, ad Nestum. -
Quarterly Report Second Quarter 2007
QUARTERLY REPORT SECOND QUARTER 2007 April 1, 2007 - June 30, 2007 Submitted to USAID-Bulgaria by East-West Management Institute, Inc., 27 July 2007. The U.S. Agency for International Development Judicial Strengthening Initiative for Bulgaria is implemented by East-West Management Institute under USAID Contract number 183-C-00-04- 00105-00. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION__________________________________________________________________________________________1 TASK I: IMPROVE COURT ADMINISTRATION ______________________________________________________________1 A. MODEL COURTS AND COURTS IN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM __________ 1 1.1 Support to Courts in Partnership and Other Courts______________________________ 2 1.2 Coordination with the Supreme Judicial Council ________________________________ 5 B. SJC INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT _______________________________ 6 1.3 Improved Capacities of the Supreme Judicial Council ____________________________ 6 1.4 Improved Collection and Use of Statistics ______________________________________ 8 C. AUTOMATION ___________________________________________________ 8 1.5 Electronic Case Management System (CMS) ____________________________________ 9 1.6 Development of a Transition Plan for Automation Activities _______________________ 9 TASK 2: IMPROVE CAPACITY OF MAGISTRATES AND COURT STAFF _______________________________________10 A. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE ________________________________ 10 2.1 Institutional Development __________________________________________________ 10 2.2 Delivery of training at -
Establishment of Waste Network for Sustainable Solid Waste Management Planning and Promotion of Integrated Decision Tools in the Balkan Region
Establishment of Waste Network for Sustainable Solid Waste Management Planning and Promotion of Integrated Decision Tools in the Balkan Region (BALKWASTE) LIFE07/ENV/RO/686 Action 3: Evaluation of waste infrastructure in the Bulgarian target region – Razlog Municipality Sofia, December 2010 2nd Revision Main authors: Lucia Ilieva, Margarita Hristova, Iskra Kuncheva, Velika Chimeva (CSDCS) Contributors: Kyriakos Elaiopoulos, Tudor Dau (EFCon), George Katsanos, Eleni Feleki, Christos Venetis (Euroconsultants), Fotis Kourmousis, Dimitra Poulia (NTUA) ABREVIATIONS MOEW Ministry of Environment and Water MSW Municipal Solid waste NSI National Statistical Institute RIOSW Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water PUDOS Programme for Actions related to environment OP Operational programme MW Municipal waste WM Waste management TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 3 1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 5 1.1. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 6 1.2. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 8 1.3. TOURISM 9 1.4. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 10 2. DETAILED DATA FOR MUNICIPALITIES INCLUDED IN THE WM PROJECT 13 2.1. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 13 2.2. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 17 3. WASTE MANAGEMENT STAKEHOLDERS 20 4. WASTE QUANTITIES 21 5. WASTE COLLECTION 24 6. SEPARATION AT SOURCE SCHEMES 26 7. WASTE TREATMENT 29 8. COSTS 35 9. CONCLUSIONS 37 10. REFERENCES 44 11. ANNEX I – RAZLOG REGIONAL LANDFILL PROJECT 46 CSDCS - Club “Sustainable Development of Civil Society” 2 Executive Summary The report provides a detailed picture of the waste infrastructure in the target region of Razlog and the proposed construction of regional landfill. This landfill will be a modern in regard to technology installation corresponding to the undertaken engagements of the country towards the European community. The common vision is for considerable improvement and preservation of the environment especially in the situation of fast developing tourism and sport in the region. -
Tourism Vs. National Park in Bansko/ Pirin, Bulgaria 295-302 © Institut Für Interdisziplinäre Gebirgsforschung (Institute of Mountaun Research)
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: IGF-Forschungsberichte (Instituts für Interdisziplinäre Gebirgsforschung [IGF]) (Institute of Mountain Research) Jahr/Year: 2007 Band/Volume: 2 Autor(en)/Author(s): Grunewald Karsten, Scheithauer Jörg Artikel/Article: What can mountain regions in Southeast Europe learn from the Alps? Tourism vs. National Park in Bansko/ Pirin, Bulgaria 295-302 © Institut für Interdisziplinäre Gebirgsforschung (Institute of Mountaun Research) What can mountain regions in Southeast Europe learn from the Alps? Tourism vs. National Park in Bansko/ Pirin, Bulgaria Karsten Grünewald & Jörg Scheithauer Abstract The Alps, as an economically prosperous macroregion, act as a role model for other mountain regions. Therefore the question arises whether they can be compared with other mountain regions. Is there an ecologically compatible way of developing and exploiting mountains? Within a short period of time the small town of Bansko in the Pinn Mountains has emerged as Southeastern Europe’s number one ski resort, using know-how from the Alps. The resort continues to grow. This goes together with inter ferences on nature affecting a fragile high mountain region with national park status. Keywords: know-how transfer, management plan, nature protection, sustainable development, tourism boom 1 Introduction The Alps are the prime example for research, exploitation and development of mountain regions. A large part of basic knowledge about geology and functionality of mountains has been compiled in this region. The living standard and die tourism infrastructure in die Alpine region reached a level, which is rated as a model for odi- er mountain regions. -
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E3S Web of Conferences 101, 01004 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910101004 ICESD 2019 Methodological Guidelines for the Sustainable Development of the Bulgarian Touristic Resorts through Reducing the Harmful Impact of Transport Elenita Velikova1, * 1 Department of Economy of tourism, UNWE, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria Abstract. The achievement of sustainable development of Bulgarian tourist resorts is questionable after the European Commission has put Bulgaria's two-month ultimatum to prove that it can deal with the problem of dirty air. Tourism is a sector that is accused of violating sustainable development due to its many negative environmental impacts. A significant part of the harmful impact is due to the transport used to reach the desired destination and the movement itself. Sustainable development is a key objective of the EU and Bulgaria should not lag behind in terms of the essential indicators for its achievement. This publication aims to propose effective measures to reduce the harmful impact of passenger transport on the environment by establishing sustainable transport practices in touristic resorts. The environmental component of sustainable development is among its main priorities. Based on expert analysis of Bulgarian touristic resorts, our own research and experience in the studied subject will offer effective measures to increase their sustainability by reducing the harmful impact of transport on the environment. 1 Introduction transport practices in tourist destinations and thus contributing to the sustainable development of tourism. In Sustainable development is a topic of importance to the order to achieve the stated objective, the state of the public since the 1990s as a result of human's threatening Bulgarian tourist resorts will be analyzed in relation to impact on Planet Earth.