The Liturgy of 'Deliverance Ministry'
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THE LITURGY OF ‘DELIVERANCE MINISTRY’ IN MOPANI By CAROL B. SHILUBANE MASTER OF ARTS IN THEOLOGY IN FUCULTY OF THEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA PROMOTER: PROF. CAS WEPENER 2016 Teologiegebou /Theology Building, Tel:(012) 420 2669 E-mail: [email protected] 2-35 Universiteit van Pretoria / Fax (012) 420 4016 www.up.ac.za University of Pretoria Privaatsak / Private Bag X20 Hatfield 0028 Republiek van Suid-Afrika © University of Pretoria TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………I Abstract………………………………………………………………………….II-III Declaration of Originality…………………………………………………………IV Chapter 1. The Liturgy of Deliverance in Mopani……………………………..3-4. 1.1. Background of the study ……………………………………………………..5. 1.2. Prophecy………………………………………………………………………..5. 1.2.1. What is a prophet?.................................................................................5. 1.2.2. The Writings and Speech in Israel Culture and the Ancient Near Eastern Prophecy………………………………………………………… …7. 1.2.3. Prophecy in Tsonga Culture……………………………………………..7-8. 1.3. Healing…………………………………………………………………………8. 1.4. Deliverance……………………………………………………………………9. 1.5. The aims and Objectives of the study…………………………………….10. 1.6. Research Question of the study…………………………………………...11. 1.7. Methodology…………………………………………………………………12. 1.8. Data Collection……………………………………………………………. 2. The Descriptive-Empirical Task…………………………………………….14. 2.1. What is going on?.............................................................................14-17. 2.2. Research Methodology…………………………………………………18-21. 2.2.1. Thick Description………………………………………………………21-22. 2.2.2. Interviews………………………………………………………………….23. 2.3. Research Data……………………………………………………………24-28. 2.3.1. What is going on in Church Services?............................................28-32. 2.3.2. What is going on in Interviews……………………………………………33. 2.3.3. Interviews…………………………………………………………………..33. 2.3.4. Church B Deliverances………………………………………………..34-40. 2.3.5. Church A Deliverances ……………………………………………….40-43. © University of Pretoria 3. Interpretive Task………………………………………………………………46. 3.1. Interpretation through Liturgy…………………………………………..47-50. 3.2. Interpreting through Liturgical Inculturation…………………………..50-52. 3.3. Interpreting through Ritual Studies……………………………………….52. 3.4. Interpreting through Healing Liturgies……………………………………53. 3.4.1. Transformation…………………………………………………………53-55. 3.4.2. Reconciliation………………………………………………………….55-56. 3.4.3. Healing……………………………………………………………………..57. 3.4.4. Prayer……………………………………………………………………58-65. 3.4.5. Anointing oil……………………………………………………………….66. 3.4.6. Worship…………………………………………………………………67-75. 3.4.7. Prophecy………………………………………………………………..75-80. 3.5. Interpreting through Deliverance……………………………………….81-84. 3.6. Interpreting through Medicine…………………………………………..85-88. 3.7. Interpreting through Psychology………………………………………..89-90. 4. Normative Task………………………………………………………………..91. 4.1. Liturgical Perspectives………………………………………………………91. 4.1.1. Liturgical Terminology……………………………………………………..92. 4.2. Liturgical Rituals…………………………………………………………92-94. 4.3. Inner Healing and Deliverance…………………………………………95-99. 4.4. Salvation and Transformation ………………………………………..100-104. 4.5. Healing VS. Curing……………………………………………………104-111. 5. The Pragmatic Task…………………………………………………………112. 5.1. The need to train pastors………………………………………………….112. 5.1. New Theory for Praxis:…………………………………………………….114. 5.1.1. Ultimate Criteria for Effective Liturgical Needs Across Cultures……114. 5.2. Liturgical Needs Across Cultures…………………………………………115. 5.2.1. Worship as Trans-cultural………………………………………………,115. © University of Pretoria 5.2.2. Inculturated worship…………………………………………………….116. 5.2.3. Worship as Counter Cultural…………………………………………..116. 5.2.4. Worship as Cross Cultural……………………………………………..116. 5.2.5. Culture Group Cohesion…………………………………………..116-118. 5.2.6. Liturgy of Prayer…………………………………………………………118. 5.2.7. Liturgical Music…………………………………………………………..118. 5.2.8. Liturgy of the Word………………………………………………………118. 5.2.9. Hospitality…………………………………………………………………119. 5.3. Conclusion……………………………………………………………..119-121. BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………..122-132. Appendices: …………………………………………………………………….133. I. Thick Description of “Diplomatic” and “All night” Services………....133-141. II. Full Transcription Interviews………………………………………….142-161. © University of Pretoria I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to my supervisor and Promoter Prof. Cas Wepener, thank you for your guidance, wisdom and your patience over these two years. I have much respect to your deep work and massive contribution to this research. I would like to thank my husband Mathew Shilubane who gave me room to do this project. And drove me five hundred km. to the university each time there was a need. I would like to thank the two churches for their contribution to the research. I give thanks to the Almighty who made this project possible. © University of Pretoria II Abstract Currently there is a trend, a hunger for the supernatural in the church community. One could get an impression that people are running after the supernatural or the mystic realm. ‘Deliverance ministries’ in particular that flow in the prophetic, healing and deliverance is the in thing, the ‘hype’. This notion has become a center or commonality for many people in Africa. This phenomenon has been popularized greatly among Africans because of the desperation to escape poverty. A large percentage is turning to ‘deliverance churches’ that promise healing and material reward, a search for spiritual meaning and solution to life’s countless hardships. Churches that have identified and recognized the need of the masses are growing massively because they have learned to respond effectively to the particular psyche of Africans. The concept of prophecy, healing, and deliverance appeals much to Africans because it encompasses foretelling of the future (which is paramount), spiritual and emotional healing, bodily recuperation protection from evil spirits and witchcraft, finding remedies for unemployment, family relationships and work related conflicts, marital problems, to summarize, I.e. healing the ‘whole person’. Deliverance is conducted to help separate people from life’s challenges or afflictions. Healing is done against the background of transformation i.e. people should go through all the process of conversion. The researcher has done a literature study and looked at the liturgies specifically deliverance, healing, and prophecy concerning these two churches: “deliverance churches”. The findings were: First these churches center their theologies from the ‘Bible’. Second the whole of their theology is based on the power of the Holy Ghost to deliver, to heal and to prophesy. The study was done upon the core tasks of practical theological interpretations of (Osmer 2008:4). Four things were done: 1). Liturgical information about deliverance, healing, and prophecy was gathered. 2). Interpreting the liturgies of deliverance, healing and prophecy was done using theories of the arts and sciences. 3). Theological concepts to interpret the liturgies of deliverance, healing and prophecy constructing ethical norms to guide responses. 4). Liturgies to determine strategies of action that influence © University of Pretoria III situations in ways that are desirable as well as recommendations for criteria for effective liturgical needs were employed. © University of Pretoria IV DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY UNIVERSITYOF PRETORIA Full names of student: Shilubane Baby Carol Student Number: 15357130 Topic of work: The Liturgy of' Deliverance Ministry in Mopani Declaration 1. I understand what plagiarism is and am aware of the University's policy in this regard. 2. I declare that this dissertation is my own original work. Where other peopleʼs work has been used (either from a printed source, Internet or any other source), this has been properly acknowledged and referenced in accordance with departmental requirements. 3. I have not used work previously produced by another student or any other person to hand in as my own. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intent to not passing it off as his or her own work. SIGNATURE: September 2016 © University of Pretoria 1 Chapter 1 THE LITURGY OF’ DELIVERANCE MINISTRY’ IN MOPANI 1.1. Background of the study According to MacNutt (2009:14), all over the globe, there is a newfound excitement over the rediscovery of healing, deliverance and other gifts of the Spirit. Currently there is a trend, a hunger for the supernatural in the church community, in the secular world: the media even Hollywood – ‘the paranormal’, psychic and magical films are examples in this regard. One could get an impression that people are running after the supernatural or the mystic realm. ‘Deliverance ministries’ in particular that flow in the prophetic, healing and deliverance is the in thing, the ‘hype’. This notion has become a center or commonality for many people in larger parts of the world even Mopani district in Limpopo South Africa. “The spiritual bodily and literal language of material well being and healing is the dominant way in which the Gospel of Jesus Christ is currently translated by means of worship in the cultures of Africa” (Wepener 2013:16). This phenomenon has been popularized to the point of desperation. It seems as if people are more hungry for the ‘ the supernatural move’, than the word of God. In their desperation for greater depth they are determined to go to lengths in order to ‘experience an ever increasing measure of God’s Holy Presence and Glory’. It seems as