Environmental Due Diligence Report
Document Stage: Final Project Number: 34304-043 June 2018
NEP: Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Improvement Project – Additional Financing (Modernization of Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited Branches as Building Construction, Rehabilitation and Furnishing)
Package No: KUKL/W/02/24
Prepared by the Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited, Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank.
This environmental due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or areas.
ENVIRONMENTAL DUE DILIGENCE REPORT (EDDR)
June 2018
Loan 3255: Modernization of KUKL Branches as Building
Construction, Rehabilitation and Furnishing Contract Package No: KUKL/W/02/24
Prepared by the Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited for the Asian Development Bank.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
(as of 24 May 2018)
Currency Unit - Nepali Rupees (NPR)
NPR 1.00 = USD 0.0091
USD 1.00 = NPR 109.78
Modernization of KUKL Branches as Building Construction, Rehabilitation and Furnishing
ABBREVIATIONS
$ / USD : US Dollars % : Percent / Percentage 3R : Reduce, Reuse, Recycle AD : Anno Domini ADB : Asian Development Bank BDS : Bulk Distribution System BOD : Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand BS : Bikarm Sambat CBS : Central Bureau of Statistics CEO : Chief Executive Officer CF : Chobhar Fault CGF : Chandragiri Fault CO : Carbon Mono-Oxide DDC : District Development Committee DGM : Deputy General Manager DNI : Distribution Network Improvement DO : Dissolved Oxygen EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environment Management Plan EPA : Environment Protection Act EPR : Environment Protection Regulation ESE : East-South-East FAR : Floor Area Ratio FI : Financial Intermediaries FNCCI : Federation of Nepalese Chamber of Commerce and Industries FY : Fiscal Year GCN : Gosaikund Crystalline Nappe GoN : Government of Nepal GRM : Grievance Redress Mechanism IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature KCN : Kathmandu Crystalline Nappe KMC : Kathmandu Municipality KUKL : Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited KVTDC : Kathmandu Valley Town Development Committee KVWSMB : Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Management Board LS : Lump Sum LT : Long Term Ltd : Limited
Modernization of KUKL Branches as Building Construction, Rehabilitation and Furnishing
MBT : Main Boundary Thrust MCT : Main Central Thrust MFT : Main Frontal Thrust MOE : Ministry of Environment MoEST : Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology MoWS : Ministry of Water Supply MT : Mahabharat Thrust NA : Not Applicable / Not Available NAAQS : National Ambient Air Quality Standard NBC : National Building Code NCS : National Conservation Strategy NGO : Non-Governmental Organizations NLSS : Nepal Living Standard Survey
NO2 : Nitrate NRs / NPR : Nepalese Rupees NWSS : Nepal water Supply & Sewerage Corporation Pb : Lead PMU : Project Management Unit PVC : Poly-Vinyl Chloride Pvt : Private RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete REA : Rapid Environmental Assessment SMP : Spoil Management Plan SMRF : Special Moment Resistance Frames
SO2 : Sulfur Di-Oxide SPS : ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement SPT : Sewage Treatment Plant ST : Short Term TN : Total Nitrate TOR : Terms of Reference TP : Total Phosphorus TSP : Total Suspended Particles TSS : Total Suspended Solids VDC : Village Development Committee WHO : World Health Organization WNW : West-North-West WUA : Water Users Association
Modernization of KUKL Branches as Building Construction, Rehabilitation and Furnishing
Weights and Measures am - Ante Meridian °C - Celsius/centigrade cm - Centimeter dBA - Decibel audible ft - feet ha - Hectare/s Kg - Kilogram km - Kilometer/s kph - Kilometer/s per hour KVA - Kilo Volt Ampere Lpm - Liter per Minute Lps - Liter per Second m - Meter/s m3 / cu. m - Cubic meter/s m3/s - Cubic Meter per Second masl / msl - Meter/s above sea level mg/l - Milligram/s per liter mm - Millimeter/s pH - Potential of Hydrogen pm - Post Meridian PM10 - Particulate Matter < 10 micrometers PM2.5 - Particulate Matter < 2.5 micrometers RHM - Relative Humidity Measure sq. ft. - Square Feet Sqm - Square Meters Tmax - Maximum Temperature Tmin - Minimum Temperature g - Microgram
Modernization of KUKL Branches as Building Construction, Rehabilitation and Furnishing
NOTES
i. The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g. FY 2017 ends on 15 July 2018. ii. In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.
This environmental management plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Modernization of KUKL Branches as Building Construction, Rehabilitation and Furnishing
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 4 1.1 Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report ...... 4 1.1.1 Name and Address of the Proponent ...... 4 1.2 Institutional Responsibility for Preparing EMP Report ...... 4 1.3 Basis and Extent of the Study ...... 4 1.3.1 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 ...... 4 1.3.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines ...... 6 1.3.3 Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Study ...... 9 2 BACKGROUND ...... 10 2.1 Introduction ...... 10 2.2 Project Description ...... 10 2.3 Project Location ...... 11 2.4 Construction Activities ...... 11 2.5 Working Hours ...... 11 2.6 Human Resources Requirement ...... 11 2.7 Plant and Equipment Used ...... 12 2.8 Workers accommodation and other facilities ...... 12 2.9 Construction Schedule ...... 12 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 12 3.1 Salient features of the proposal ...... 12 3.1.1 Engineering Design ...... 13 3.1.2 Architectural Design ...... 13 3.2 Materials Used ...... 13 3.3 Waste generation ...... 13 3.4 Requirements of Project Implementation ...... 13 3.4.1 Total investment...... 13 3.5 Baseline Environment Condition ...... 14 3.5.1 Physical Environment ...... 14 3.5.2 Biological Environment ...... 15 3.5.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ...... 15 4 IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT ...... 16 4.1 Adverse Impact (Construction Stage) ...... 16 4.1.1 Impacts on Social, Economic and Cultural Environment ...... 16 4.1.2 Impacts on Physical Environment Change ...... 17 4.1.3 Impacts on Chemical Environment ...... 18 4.1.4 Impacts on Biological Environment ...... 19 4.2 Adverse Impacts (Operation stage) ...... 19 4.2.1 Socio-Economic and Cultural Impact ...... 19 4.2.2 Impacts on Physical Environment...... 19
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4.2.3 Impacts on Chemical Environment ...... 20 4.2.4 Impacts on Biological Environment ...... 20 5 ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE OR CONTROL THE IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPOSAL ON ENVIRONMENT (MITIGATION MEASURES) ...... 21 5.1 Adverse Impact (Construction Stage) ...... 21 5.1.1 Impacts on Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment ...... 21 5.1.2 Impacts on Physical Environment...... 22 5.1.3 Impacts on Chemical Environment ...... 23 5.1.4 Impacts on Biological Environment ...... 23 5.2 Adverse Impacts (Operation stage) ...... 23 5.2.1 Impacts on Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment Social Security ...... 23 5.2.2 Impacts on Physical Environment...... 24 5.2.3 Impacts on Chemical Environment ...... 25 6 GRIEVANCES REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 25 7 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 26 7.1 Mitigation and Monitoring ...... 26 7.1.1 Base line monitoring ...... 26 7.1.2 Compliance monitoring ...... 26 7.1.3 Impact monitoring ...... 26 7.2 Environmental Monitoring Cost ...... 28 7.3 Environmental Procedures and Institutions ...... 28 7.4 Reporting Procedure ...... 29 7.5 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates ...... 29 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 29 9 ANNEXES ...... 31 9.1 Sample Grievance Redress Form ...... 31 9.2 Overall Compliance with EMP ...... 33 9.3 Approach and Methodology for Environmental Monitoring of The Project ...... 33 9.4 Monitoring of Environmental Impacts on Project Surroundings (Ambient Air, Water Quality and Noise Levels) ...... 33 9.5 Sample Environmental Site Inspection Report ...... 34
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Salient features of the project ...... 12 Table 2: Temperature, Rainfall and Humidity Data at Panipokhari Station, Kathmandu (2014) .... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3: Average monthly discharge (m3/s) of Rivers in the Valley ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4: Comparison of emission inventories in 1993. 2001 and 2005 .. Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 5: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measure –Construction Environmental Monitoring Plan (applicable in Mahankal Chaur, Electromechanical Branches and HO Tripureshwor) ...... 27 Table 6: Monitoring Costs ...... 28 Table 7: Institutions Involved in the Proposed Project ...... 28 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Organization Structure of KUKL ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 2: PM10 Level in different location of Kathmandu Valley ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report
1.1.1 Name and Address of the Proponent
The project proponent Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited will be the responsible agency for the implementation of the proposal. The name and address of the proponent is given below.
Name of the Proponent:
Project Management Unit Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited
Address of the Proponent:
Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: +977- 1- 4262202, 4262205 Fax: 977 1 4259824, 4262229 Email: Website: www.kathmanduwater.org 1.2 Institutional Responsibility for Preparing EMP Report
PMU team studied the proposed area for the preparation of this report. 1.3 Basis and Extent of the Study
The Government of Nepal has prepared a fifteen years’ development plan to implement the water supply and sanitation programs to improve the health and the quality of life of the by constructing and extending the water supply system, drainage and sanitation facilities and providing health and hygiene education programs. The Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Improvement Project is the outcome of that effort. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been providing the financial assistance to implement the project. Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited is the implementing agency.
The Laws of Nepal and ADB's safeguard policy requires that the environmental implications of individual developments to be considered while planning and in the decision-making processes. These actions are taken for reducing the impacts to acceptable limits. This is done through environmental assessment, which has become an integral part of the lending operations and project development and implementation worldwide.
1.3.1 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 considers environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations. ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, financial intermediation loans and private sector investment operations.
The nature of the assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project, the sensitivity,
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scale, nature and magnitude of its potential impacts, and the availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts and are assigned to one of the following categories:
Category A: A proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environment impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required.
Category B: A proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An initial environmental examination is required.
Category C: A proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed.
Category FI: A proposed project is classified as category FI if it involves investment of ADB funds to or through FI (Financial Intermediaries).
The Bank has classified this Project as of Category B and following normal procedures for project loans and accordingly an IEE has been conducted.
The projects comprise of water supply and sanitation improvement works. An initial Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) (Annex 2) was undertaken and the Project classified by ADB as Category B and following normal procedures for project loans, an IEE was conducted.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) affirms that environmental and social sustainability is a cornerstone of economic growth and poverty reduction in Asia and the Pacific region. Therefore, ADB’s Strategy 2020 emphasizes assisting developing member countries (DMCs) as they pursue environmentally sustainable and inclusive economic growth. In addition, ADB is committed to ensuring the social and environmental sustainability of the projects it supports. The goal of the Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 is to promote the sustainability of project outcomes by protecting the environment and people from potential adverse impacts of projects. ADB addresses the following objectives in its safeguard policy:
• To avoid adverse impacts of projects on the environment and affected people, where possible; • To minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for adverse project impacts on the environment and affected people when avoidance is impossible; and • To help borrowers/clients to strengthen their safeguard systems and develop the capacity to manage environmental and social risks.
ADB’s SPS sets out the policy objectives, scope and triggers, and principles for three key safeguard areas:
• Environmental safeguards, • Involuntary resettlement safeguards, and • Indigenous Peoples safeguards.
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A project’s environment category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, induced, and cumulative impacts. Each proposed project is scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. The level of detail and comprehensiveness of the EIA or IEE are commensurate with the significance of the potential impacts and risks.
1.3.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines
1.3.2.1 Nepal’s Environmental Policy and Legal Framework a. Constitution of Nepal 2072 BS (2015 AD)
The Constitution of Nepal defines that each person shall have the right to live in a healthy and clean environment (Clause 1 of Article 30). The victim of environmental pollution and degradation shall have the right to be compensated by the pollutant as provided for by law (Clause 2 of Article 30). It prescribes for the State to give priority to the protection of the environment and prevention of its further damage due to physical development activities. Proceeding from, and conformable to, the Constitution, the Government of Nepal has passed a series of environmental laws, policies and implementing regulations and standards. Among these, the basic legislation that provides the framework within which environmental assessment is carried out in Nepal are: b. National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy,
National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy 2066 BS (2009AD) was formulated to provide the overall policy support and guidance towards achieving equity in service delivery by ensuring that the financially marginalized households within the system areas are main streamed as valid customers of service through design and implementation of financial incentives where so required. It aims to ensure that the roles and responsibilities of central and local government bodies, external development partners, private sector including NGOs and user groups are clearly defined in scheme implementation and regulation and performance management in accordance with national decentralization policy. c. National Policy on Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, 2004
Provides guidance on water and sanitation service provision in rural areas using community led participatory approaches. While partially relevant in the urban context, particularly around the integration of inputs and local capacity building, it generally fails to address the complex operational challenges to be faced by Municipal authorities in implementing and managing urban services. d. Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act, 2001
The section 3 of the act prohibits a child from engaging in work, sub clause 1 of the clause 3 states “Nobody shall engage in work a child who has not completed fourteen years of age as a labor and sub clause 2 states “Nobody shall engage a child in a risk full occupation or work set forth the Schedule”. The section 4 states “Child not to be engaged in work against his will by temptation or fear or pressure or by any other means” e. Local Self Governance Act, 1999 & Local Self Governance Regulations, 2000
The Act empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil, fore stand other natural resources and implements environmental conservation activities. It also describes about the user group
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formation to implement the programs in the local areas. The Regulation has provisions for Village Development Committee (VDC), District Development Committee (DDCs) and municipality to coordinate and implement development projects/programs and to provide approval or clearance of the proposed project. f. Water Resources Act, 1992 & Water Resources Regulation, 2000
Water Resource Act is an umbrella act governing water resource management. It declares the order of priority of water use; vests ownership of water in the state; prohibits water pollution; and provides for the formation of Water User Association and system of licensing. The Regulation sets out the procedure to register a WUA and to obtain a license and sets out the rights and obligations of WUA and license holders. g. Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 1997 & Environmental Protection Regulations (EPA), 1999 (and amendments)
EPA and EPR have several provisions to institutionalize environmental consideration in development projects. Section (5) of EPA stipulates that ‘a proponent who is desirous of implementing any proposal shall have to submit such a proposal, accompanied by the report on Initial Environmental Examination or Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposal, to the concerned agency for the approval of such a proposal. The EPR elaborates provisions to prepare and submit the scoping report, Terms of Reference (TOR), and IEE/EIA report for approval and includes public consultation processes. As per the EPR, the Environmental Assessment report, in general, should include detail information on impacts and environmental protection measures, including implementation plan, monitoring and evaluation and environmental auditing. Public consultation is a pre-requisite in all the prescribed projects. h. Drinking Water Regulations, 1998
Regulates the use of drinking water and deals with the control of water pollution and maintenance of quality standards for drinking water. It also sets out the conditions of service utilization by consumers. i. Forest Act, 1993 & Forest Regulations, 1995 (including amendments)
Since forest has an important role in managing water resources, Forest Act has many provisions effecting the integrated water resources management of the country. The basic objective is developing and conserving the forests of the country. The government can provide parts of any type of forest for the implementation of national priority plan with the assurance that it does not adversely affect the environment. The Regulation further elaborate legal measures for the conservation of forests and wild animals. j. Labor Act, 1992
The Act emphasizes on occupational health and safety of workers and stipulates provision of necessary safety gears and adopting necessary precautionary measures against potentially hazardous machine/equipment in the workplace. It also stipulates to make arrangements such as removal of waste accumulated during production process and prevention of dust, fume, vapor and other waste materials, which adversely affect the health of workers k. Nepal Water Supply Corporation Act, 1989 (and amendments) & Water Supply Management Board Act, 2006 & Water Supply Tariff Fixation Commission Act, 2006
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These acts facilitate the improved management of water and sanitation services. They establish the legal basis for private sector management of schemes and independent fee setting and regulation applicable to all urban schemes. l. Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Act, 1987 & Solid Waste (Management and Resource Mobilization Rules), 1990
As solid waste has direct impact on water supply system, discharge of solid waste in either public or private places have been prohibited under this Act. The rules entrust Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Centre, established under the Act, to provide necessary service to individual or institution in managing solid waste. As such any water resource projects may obtain such service and maintain the water resource clean. m. Town Development Act, 1988
The Act has provisions about the formation of town development committee in any town area to implement town planning and in carrying out the developmental and reconstruction work of that town. n. Land Acquisition Act, (2034 BS) 1977 & Land Acquisition Rules, 1969
These are two main legal instruments that specify procedural matters of land acquisition and compensation. Under these, the Government can acquire any private land paying reasonable compensation to the affected party for any public purposes or for operation of any development project initiated by government institutions and the water resources laying and originating with in such acquired area is spontaneously acquired under this process. o. Water Tax Act, 1966
Under the Act, the water user who use water through a tap distributed by the government is obliged to pay water tax as fixed by prevalent laws and charges are levied if the tax is not paid within the time as fixed by the law.
1.3.2.2 Standards and guidelines a. National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) and Directives, 2005
Provides details of the water quality standards to be applied to all water supply schemes. These set out the water quality parameters, which the water suppliers should adhere to. The directives also ensure that the water sampling, testing and analysis procedures used to certify that the drinking water supplied or to be supplied conforms to the NDWQS and sets the monitoring and surveillance procedures to certify that the quality of supplied water conforms to the standards. b. Water Resource Strategy, 2002
Provides a systematic framework for water resource development and identifies action plans to avoid and resolve conflicts and achieve water related development objectives. It has identified the need to integrate and coordinate all the uses of natural resources within the catchment basis and has laid emphasis on the development and management of water resources in a holistic, systematic manner, relying on integrated water resources management.
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c. National EIA Guidelines, 2050 BS (1993 AD)
In the process of implementing National Conservation Strategy (NCS) in 1990, the government of Nepal in collaboration with The World Conservation Union - IUCN developed a locally suitable environmental assessment guideline. Although National EIA guidelines are procedural guidelines, it substantially encouraged the proponent to prepare an EIA report of the prescribed development projects and programs and serves as the primary source of integrating environmental aspects in major development projects. The National EIA Guidelines contains objectives, methods of screening projects requiring the level of environmental assessment (IEE or EIA), scoping, impact identification and prediction, report review, monitoring and evaluation and impact auditing ensuring public participation during the preparation of the IEE/ EIA report.
1.3.3 Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Study
IEE is a tool for incorporating environmental concerns at the project level and is carried out as a part of the feasibility study. The objectives are:
• provide information about the general environmental settings of the project area as baseline data; • provide information on potential impacts of the project and the characteristic of the impacts, magnitude, distribution, affected groups and duration • provide information on potential mitigation measures to minimize the impact including mitigation costs • assess the best alternative project with most benefits and least costs in terms of financial, social and environmental aspects • provide basic information for formulating management and monitoring plans
This report is prepared for the Modernization of KUKL Branches as Building Construction Rehabilitation and Furnishing. It discusses the environmental impacts and mitigation measures relating to the location, design, construction and operation and management of the scheme.
The scope of the study is to study and prepare the EMP report as per the format indicated by EPR 2053 BS (1997 AD) together with the instructions provided by the Project Management Office. The task during the preparation of this report included description of the project regarding the physical, biological and social environment, and identification of potential impacts, mitigation measures and monitoring plan and related topics. However, the study does not limit itself only here, but has strived for completeness and objectiveness of the requirement of donor.
The current studies have been prepared as per the requirement of ADB whereas existing rules of Nepal for Environment does not need this type of report for such types of small projects. This report is associated with EMP for the Project.
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2 BACKGROUND
2.1 Introduction
Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL), a public company registered under the Company Act 2063, is an outcome of restructuring the Nepal Water Supply Corporation (NWSC) with a view to undertake and management of the water supply and sewerage system of Kathmandu Valley. It carries out the water supply and wastewater services under a License and Lease Agreement with Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Management Board for the period of 30 years.
With an intention to operate in Public Private Partnership, its shareholder composition includes Government, Private Sector Organization represented by different Chamber of Commerce, FNCCI, and Employees Trust. KUKL is governed by board responsible for formulating policies, strategies and to supervise all the activities of the company. On the operational level KUKL is headed by a General Manager and overall activities have been divided into two blocks led by Departmental Heads: (i) Administrative and Financial Department and (ii) Technical Department. The Administration and Finance Department has two divisions namely Administrative Division and Finance Division. The technical department has six divisions namely Sewerage, Water Supply Division, Project Development and Implementation, Planning, Research and Development, Non-Revenue Water and Waste Water Division.
The Principal Activities of KUKL
• Production and Distribution of water to people of Kathmandu Valley such as tubewell development, water treatment plant improvement, transmission main improvement, distribution system improvement, Bulk distribution system (BDS) and DNI Works. • Customer Meter Reading • Repair and maintain Leaks in production and distribution lines including tap connection. • Distribution of water through Tankers. • Bill collection of water and sewerage charges. • Laboratory tests. • Repair and maintenance of Machines, tools and equipment used for production and distribution of water through electromechanical branch. 2.2 Project Description
A ‘modern’ organization is one that effectively and efficiently collects and distribute its products and services at minimum cost and least burden to customers. Being a public company providing drinking water and sewerage services, it has to operate professionally making every unit and individual accountable for their area of concern. While designing the organization it has to choose an organization structure appropriate to its strategy and create conducive environment for implementation of those strategies and plans for achieving its organizational goals. Organization structure is the overall structural elements and the relationships among those elements used in the total organization. The structure should reflect the organizational activities that are divided, grouped and coordinated into relationship with each other. While designing the organization, factors like work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization, decentralization and formalization shall be considered. This will affect the working relationship among different actors of the organization.
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The present organization is hierarchical one having 11 levels of employees below the General Manager. The criteria for demarcating each level are most significant in order to get better results. At present, there are 1,384 approved staffs, constituting around 15% in managerial level and rest as support staffs. Out of these staffs, 51.2% are in middle level management positions and 46.2% are technical officers. Engineers positions are mainly vacant. The age profile of KUKL staffs show that most of them are retiring which needs to be fulfilled timely.
It is expected that first phase of Melamchi project will be completed by 2018 and the activities of PID is expected to be completed by 2024. It is generally assumed but not certain that the future functional and operational activities of these projects will be handed over to KUKL. Decision on the responsibility jurisdiction of water production will be given to KUKL is yet to be done. However, preparation needs to be done for the management of the new situation. 2.3 Project Location
Katmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL) is currently providing its services through Head office at Tripureswor, 10 Branches at Bhaktapur, Thimi, Baneswor, Kamaladi, Mahankalchour, Tripureswor, Kshetrapati, Panipokhari, Lalitpur and Kirtipur. Similarly, it is also providing water through Tanker section at Mahankalchour, has infrastructure to test water from water and wastewater quality division a Mahankachour and providing electromechanical section at Sundarighat Kirtipur. Proposed Modernization project is located and distributed all over these areas. Hence Proposed project is distributed all over the Kathmandu Valley and the project will be implemented in more than 50,000 sq. ft area. 2.4 Construction Activities
The main objective of this package is to modernize KUKL head office and branches Tripureshwor (Currently at Thapathali), Kirtipur, Electromechanical Section, Jawalakhel, Maharajgunj (New and Old Buildings), Baneshwor, Thimi, Bhaktapur, Tanker Section as Building Construction, Rehabilitation and Furnishing. The contractor has to modernize the branches with close coordination with KUKL/ branches.
The major components of this contract are:
(i) Supply and Installation of Flooring and Furnishing materials
(ii) Electrical goods supply and installation
(iii) Wall painting
(iv) Metal works (construction of sheds) 2.5 Working Hours
The construction work will be done between 9 AM to 5 PM during normal working hours.
Employment Numbers and Types 2.6 Human Resources Requirement
During the implementation period, approximately 100 people will be employed. All of them will be employed on contract or daily wage basis until the completion of the project. The ratio of skilled to unskilled workers are estimated to be 1:2.
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2.7 Plant and Equipment Used
Types of machines and equipment required for proposed construction are Concrete Mixer, Excavator, Loader, Mixer machine, Vibrator, Jeep and trucks respectively. Minor tools required for fixing of curtains, carpets, furniture and painting works will be used during the construction period. 2.8 Workers accommodation and other facilities
Since the nature of the work is small and is located within the office boundary and works will be carried out during the normal working hours, there is no need for workers camp and other site facilities. For water supply and sanitation, workers will use the existing office facilities so no separate facilities will be provided during the construction period. 2.9 Construction Schedule
The construction schedule for the proposed package is as follows:
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Salient features of the proposal
Salient features of the proposal are given below:
Table 1: Salient features of the proposal
Item Description Modernization of KUKL Branches as Building Construction, Project Name Rehabilitation and Furnishing Location Different places of Kathmandu Valley Total Area Not more than 10,000 sq. ft for the scheme RCC Frame Structure Pre-fab structure Steel truss Type of Works Supply and Installation of Furniture, Carpet, Curtain etc. Repair and maintenance of Civil and furnishing works Supply and installation of electrical items as repair and maintenance. Number of Locations Eleven (11) of KUKL offices Cement, bricks, reinforcement bars, pre-fab, Aluminum, metal Construction material truss, glass, wood, paints and varnishes,
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Main accesses are not less than 6 m wide road are available Access Road at all locations Cost Approx. NPR. 80,360,000.00
3.1.1 Engineering Design
The planning & engineering design follows all the rules, regulations and directives of the Nepal National Building code and all the rooms are also constructed according to government building rules, regulations and bye-laws.
3.1.2 Architectural Design
This project deals with the construction of pre-fabricated structures, design of rooms, customer care units, cash counters, customer waiting areas to facilitate the customer of KUKL and to provide friendly environment so that they get timely and effective services from the office.
These facilities are targeted to incorporate the modern-day office buildings with sensitivity towards environmental issues, like natural lighting and natural ventilation as well as optimum utilization of space. It also takes advantage of its existing environment by incorporating it into the function of the building. 3.2 Materials Used
Raw materials used for building construction will have brick, cement, tiles, paints, varnish, and mild steel rods, deformed steel bar and wire for concrete reinforcement, galvanized steel and PVC pipes for water supply. 3.3 Waste generation
There will be minimum amount of waste generated during the implementation of the project. However, old furniture and other goods which are not useful after the furnishing will be stored in the yard designated by KUKL to store goods.
The solid wastes whether biodegradable and non-biodegradable that will be generated from the proposal implementation will be disposed-of properly. Most wastes will be disposed to municipal dumping yards and non-biodegradable wastes (like debris and other concrete wastes) which cannot be disposed in municipal yards will be used to fill the low-lying area of KUKL premises.
The KUKL shall coordinate with Kathmandu metropolitan City (KMC) for the disposal of waste. The effective measures like provision of dustbins and waste storing areas will be assigned within the premises of KUKL as a temporary storing. The wastes which can be put into the municipal trucks will be done in regularly during the scheduled pickups by the trucks. Other debris will be transported to the KUKL premises and disposed-off causing minimal impact to the environment. 3.4 Requirements of Project Implementation
3.4.1 Total investment
The expected total investment for the proposal is NRs. 80.36 Million
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3.5 Baseline Environment Condition
3.5.1 Physical Environment
Topography and Land Use
The present proposal is modernizing office building of KUKL head office and branches which are located in different places of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur Metropolitan City. The elevation of the project site lies at 1250 - 1350 msl. There are no unique, fragile or difficult topography, elevations and slope characteristic to this area. Existing land used around the proposal site is completely built up area. As it lies within the urban area, other form of land use such as farmland, forest or protected areas are not identified.
Climate
Kathmandu has a temperate monsoon climate. It has a hot and mild summer and cool winters with temperature around freezing point during January. It has dry and warm season from Mid-April to Mid- June and rainy season during mid-June to Mid-October, dry, cold season during Mid-October to Mid- January and cold and wet season from Mid-January to Mid-April. Climatic condition will be considered in the design of the building. Annual air temperature, sunshine hour wind speed humidity rain fall has been considered in the design. Especially; the orientation, solar chart and wind control to reduce discomforts shall be taken into account in the design.
Geology
The Kathmandu valley is a large intermontane basin carried above the Himalayan major detachment and it is the largest basin situated in the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal. It occupies the central portion of the nearly elliptical KCN towards the northern margin. It is limited southward by the Mahabharat Range, which forms the hanging wall of the Mahabharat Thrust (MT), and northward by the Shivapuri range, which belongs to transported sheet of the Higher Himalayan crystalline towards south along the MCT. This basin lies on the basement of crystalline rocks and Precambrian to Paleozoicmeta sedimentary formations. It covers a part of the Mahabharat Synclinorium. It extends for about 30 km in the east-west direction and about 25 km in the north-south direction and has an almost circular shape. A lake is known to have filled most of the basin from Pliocene to Pleistocene age. The basin is filled with a very thick (more than 650 m) sequence of fluvio-lacustrine sediments (Moribayashi and Maruo, 1980) that covers about 400 km2 area. The drilling data shows that the thickness of sediment at Hyumat Tole at Kalimati, Bhrikutimandap, Bansbari, Gausala and Katunje are 504 m, 550 m, 79 m, 113 m, and 160 m respectively. In this centripetal drainage basin, sediments were derived from the crystalline (schist, gneiss, pegmatite) and meta sedimentary (phyllite, siltstone, shale, meta sandstone and limestone) rocks. The semi consolidated sediments filling the basin mainly consist of muds, silts, sandy loam, fine to coarse sands, and gravel to cobble conglomerates.
The project site lies at the interface of Kalimati Formation and Gokarna formation consisting of slightly consolidated sediments. It also consists of light to brownish grey, fine laminated and poorly graded silty sand with intercalation of clay of variable thickness. The thickness of the formation is as thick as 300 m at places.
Hydrology
The annual basin rainfall in the project area averages about 1900 mm of which 80% rain falls between June and September during the monsoon. Bagmati River and its tributaries, originating in the
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Mahabharat hills undergoes considerable seasonal fluctuation. This affects water availability during the winter months. There are almost 20 small rivers and rivulets in Kathmandu Valley. The project area lies in Bagmati river watershed, one of the major rivers in the Kathmandu valley.
Air Quality
The major sources of air pollution in the site are vehicular emissions, dust particles from unpaved footpaths. According to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MoSTE), vehicular emissions have become the main source of air pollution in the Kathmandu Valley. An inventory of emission sources by the MoSTE has shown that vehicular emission covers 43% of the total PM10 concentration in the valley. The National Ambient Air Quality Standard Value (NAAQS) for PM10 has been set as 120 g/m3 Annual average concentration of PM10 for residential area was 149 g/m3 in 2003 and it reduced to 117 g/m3 in 2006 NAAQS.
Solid Waste Management
Solid waste generation in the project area is high and the door to door collection system is in practice, daily solid waste generation in this ward is 22.08 cu. m. however, a systematic solid waste management system is an urgent need of the community. Solid waste generated during operation of office building will be collected in fixed place designated within the building and disposal will be made as per municipal solid waste management system.
Electricity and Telecommunication and Water Supply
There is 100% facility of Electricity, Drinking water, Telephone and Toilet in all the project locations.
Road
There is all weather access road in all the locations of the project.
3.5.2 Biological Environment
Vegetation
As project site lies in the heart of city, there is no any forest in the periphery and the floral diversity is not significant in the area. No clearance of vegetation is required in the project site.
Terrestrial fauna and birds
As the area is surrounded by settlements form all directions, fauna diversity is not significant in the area.
3.5.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
Settlement Pattern
Population in the ward is densely distributed. 90% buildings of this area are constructed with RCC and brick structure.
Occupation and Economic Status
The major professions of the people in the ward are: service, business, foreign employment etc.
Education
Literacy rate in the given ward is considered very high as compared to national average literacy rate.
Culture & Religious Places
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The majority of the people’s multi-ethnic inhabitants follow the Hindu faith. Most of the people belong to the Newar community, and the feeling of religious tolerance and mutual cooperation runs high. Many temples were built in the valley from the time of King Rana Bahadur Shah. There are important religious edifices on the bank of the Bagmati River that forms the ward's southern boundary. Among them, Kalmochan Ghat and Mahadev temple built by Tripura Sundari stand out. (Source: KMC, 2005, Ward Profile) 4 IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT
The impacts have been identified mainly for two stages i.e. project construction stage and post construction i.e. operational and maintenance stage on the existing physical, biological and socio- economic and cultural resources. There is no major impact on environment due to implementation of this proposal. 4.1 Adverse Impact (Construction Stage)
4.1.1 Impacts on Social, Economic and Cultural Environment
Arrival of workers during construction stage
The project will provide employment for about 100 (skilled as well as unskilled) during the construction phase. The increases in site population will increase the pressure on the social infrastructures and restaurants. Due to influx of workers, conflict may also arise in the community. The magnitude of impact will be short term, local and insignificant.
Conflict between local and outside workers
Social conflict may arise during construction phase. Workers and the technician will be harmonized and reside in such a way that their works and activities do not affect in the local environment and communal harmony. The impacts will be the insignificant, short term in duration and site specific.
Occupational Health and Safety issue
Construction approach of the proposal is labor intensive. Labors involved in construction activities are exposed to different kinds of occupational risks. Lack of awareness to the use of safety equipment could be the main causes of injuries. Similarly, transmissible diseases such as cholera, diarrhea and respiratory diseases are of high risk due to unhygienic food and heavy work as well as involvement in alcoholism. The impact will be moderate and can be mitigated through proper consultation.
Labor and wage issues
One of the major impacts that will arise is the managerial decision like wage and working time issues that may cause the controversy among the labor and also local people. The way how manager mobilizes their labor and from where the manager hires the labor may causes the conflict. This may cause delay in the construction work and strike too. The impacts will be moderate, short term in duration and site specific.
Nightlife disturbances
Almost all construction activities will be carried out in day time. Moreover, there is no significant night life in the vicinity because the areas include majority of financial institutions, colleges, educational institutions, offices and shops. Therefore, this impact is not significant in this area.
Health and sanitation issues
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Health and sanitation facility is not in place in the construction site. This might help water and airborne diseases susceptible to workforce working in the site. This impact is of medium magnitude, local and short term in nature.
Social Security
Workers are expected to be brought in the construction site from other areas. This activity might increase the crime rate and illegal activities in the area. As the labor groups have a tendency to drink alcohol and engage in anti-social activities increasing crime rate and social conflict. This may have a serious long-term impact for the people living nearby as the trend could be followed by the locals even after the completion of construction work. The impact is direct, of low magnitude, local and short-term in nature.
Pressure on public utilities
Increased number of people will over use limited resources so there may be shortage of public utilities for local people. All the workers tend to get their basic needs from the local area which has limited supply. Therefore, it may be difficult to sustain the workforce unless an alternative is properly found. This impact is of low magnitude, local and short term in nature.
Issue regarding the pedestrian transport movement via adjacent road
The project area is located within the premises of KUKL and hence no impact to pedestrians’ movement. Aesthetic Value
The aesthetic value of the construction place will not be appealing to eyes during construction stage. There will be pile of construction materials, unfinished construction works and pile of construction waste in the site which will lower aesthetic value of the site. The impacts shall be the insignificant, short term in duration and site specific.
4.1.2 Impacts on Physical Environment Change
In land use and landscape disturbances
The conversion of the barren land into built up area would not have significant impact on the land use. There is no possibility of soil erosion and landslide as well. The impacts to land use due to construction activities of the proposed project will not be significant.
Earthwork excavation and spoil disposal
Earthwork generates spoil that needs to be properly disposed-off the site. This waste along with other construction waste needs to be properly managed. If not properly managed, the waste can cause water pollution, damage irrigation canals, destroy current vegetation and also increase soil erosion if not managed properly. The impacts to land use due to excavation and spoil disposal during the construction of the proposed project will not be significant.
Stockpiling of construction materials
Stockpiled construction materials may be washed away by rainwater causing ground water pollution and deposition of solid materials like soil and plastic sheets/metallic sheet etc. to the nearby sewerage. There will be provision for their management and stopping them to move to those places hence the environmental impacts due to stockpiling of construction material shall be short term, local and insignificant.
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Disturbances to surrounding due to increase in vehicular movement in the locality due to transportation
Vehicles such as small truck, mini-truck, will come to the Proposed site. The existing road is well conditioned and wide enough. The impacts due to transportation to access road are insignificant. Few heavy vehicles arrive during the construction phase after 8 pm hence no effect to the local traffic system and neighbor. Care and appropriate measures shall be taken not to affect the neighboring houses. This impact will not be significant.
Groundwater extraction
As there is no ground water extraction there is no impact on ground water table.
Drainage system
During the construction period wastewater is generated by workers as well as constructing work.. The impact will be insignificant, local and short term in nature.
Air and noise pollution
During the proposal construction phase vehicles and construction materials movement will release dust, smoke and particulate matters. The impacts from such effect are likely to degrade human health, particularly of the labor engaged in building construction and people living in the vicinity. They may cause respiratory disease. Dust and smoke generation will be maintained under tolerable limits. All these effects will be temporary and will last till construction period only. The magnitude of the environmental impact shall be low, local, short term and insignificant.
Solid waste management including demolition waste
The debris generated during construction and solid waste produced by the workers need to be disposed in appropriate locations. Inadequate spoil disposal may often cause unpleasant odor and disturbance in nearby settlement and roads. The impact will be generally being low in magnitude, short term and site specific in extent.
Vibration Impacts during implementation.
During the implementation of the project slight vibration may be felt. This vibration may cause the impacts to the other local neighboring building and structures. The impacts may be local and short term within the period of construction stage and is insignificant.
Impact on cultural, religious and historic sites
This project will not have any impact on religious and historical sites.
4.1.3 Impacts on Chemical Environment
Change in water and soil quality by the use of oil, paints, etc.
There will be need of different types of chemicals like’s paints and petroleum products. Improper management of these chemicals will affect the health of worker and surrounding area. The chemical impact will be low in magnitude, site specific in extent and short term in duration.
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4.1.4 Impacts on Biological Environment
Loss of open space and vegetation
There is no any sort of ecologically important species within the construction area. Therefore, there isn’t any harm in the ecology of the area. 4.2 Adverse Impacts (Operation stage)
4.2.1 Socio-Economic and Cultural Impact
Social Security
There will be insignificant impact on social security. This impact will be minor, local and short term in nature.
Change in social value and conflict
The facilities will be used for official purpose and the impact on change in social value and conflict will be low, local and hence insignificant.
Health and Safety Impact
The proponent will arrange daily cleaning of the project premises and the healthy living environment shall be created inside the project periphery. The magnitude of the impact shall be moderate, the extent shall be local and the duration shall be short term.
Pressure on public utilities
There will be insignificant impact on pressure on public utilities. The magnitude shall be minor, local and short term.
4.2.2 Impacts on Physical Environment
Change in Water Table/ Water Quality
Since there is no drawing of water, there will not be any change in water table and water quality.
Water Demand and Supply
The whole area shall be supplied water from KUKL. There will be sufficient water The impact will be low in magnitude, local and short term in duration.
Pressure on public utilities (water supply, electricity, telephone etc.)
There will be no addition in demand of such facilities and hence there will be no impact on such utilities.
Visual Disruption to existing landscape and obstruction of sunlight
The project site shall add beauty to the local area. Therefore, there will be no impact.
Air and noise pollution including indoor air pollution
The project does not have any foreseen air pollution issues. However, during operation of generators sound pollution will be an issue. This impact is low in magnitude, local and short term in duration.
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Fire hazard and other emergency response system
There is always higher risk of fire hazard and other emergencies. Kathmandu being very prone to earthquakes, will require efficient emergency response system. This impact is unforeseen in nature, however necessary emergency preparedness will be followed.
Uninterrupted and efficient power supply
This project area has 24 hours supply of power hence there will be no impact.
Movement of vehicles and parking
This project area will have frequent traffic flow during office hour. This may create traffic congestion in the entrance and exit points. This impact will be of medium significance, local and short term in duration.
Surface Runoff and Drainage systems
Since there is adequate drainage facilities within the proposed construction area there is no impact due to surface runoff and drainage.
Vibration Impacts
During the construction period there may be some physical activities which may cause create vibration. The vibration that may cause from the construction activities could create the impacts to the associated buildings and houses. The impacts will be short term, low Magnitude and short term nature.
Solid Waste Management
The forms of solid wastes would be biodegradable and non-degradable which will be generated from the proposal implementation. The degradable solid waste may spread different types of diseases if allowed to decay at the open space for a long time.
The collected waste will be finally disposed in the Municipal waste disposal system only the waste which cannot be reused or recycled. The reusable and recyclable waste from the office building shall be encouraged to sell to the local scrapers. The magnitude of the impact is moderate, extent is local and the extent is short term.
Hazardous Waste Management
There is no use of hazardous substances for the project.
4.2.3 Impacts on Chemical Environment
Change in water quality and soil quality by the use of oil, paints etc.
The proposal requires different types of chemicals like paints and petroleum products. Improper management of these chemicals will affect the health of employees working in the building and surrounding area. Also, during operation phase, wastewater will be generated. If it's not properly taken care of, that will degrade water quality of surrounding area. The chemical impact will be low in magnitude, site specific in extent and short term in duration.
4.2.4 Impacts on Biological Environment
There is no any impact on flora and fauna existing as listed in nearby proposal location. However, greenery area developed will have varieties of flowers, grasses and trees. However, the garden management will be done within the premise of the KUKL with ornamental and ecologically important species.
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5 ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE OR CONTROL THE IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPOSAL ON ENVIRONMENT (MITIGATION MEASURES)
Selection of environmental mitigation measures / environmental protection measures largely depends on the nature and type of environmental impacts evaluated. This will provide measures that augment the beneficial impacts and avoid or mitigate or compensate the adverse impacts to improve the socio- economic condition of the people. It has the objectives of improving the condition of the environmental resources.
The following are the recommended mitigation measures to be adopted for construction and operation phase. 5.1 Adverse Impact (Construction Stage)
5.1.1 Impacts on Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
Influx of workers from outside
• Workers will be hired according to the intensity of works and need of the work
Conflict between local and outside workers
• Workers will not be allowed to be involved in alcoholism and gambling.
Occupational Health and Safety
• Awareness to safe working procedure • Use of safety equipment e.g. helmet, gloves, boots, mask, earplugs, net, safety belt etc. • Awareness to contagious and communicable diseases • First aid box will be in proper condition • Workers will have insurance facility in case of on job injuries.
Labor and wage issue
• Equal opportunity to all workers and all workers will be equally treated. • Workers wage will be pre-determined so that conflict does not arise during construction stage. • Child labor will not be used during construction.
Nightlife disturbances
• No impact foreseen therefore no mitigation is suggested.
Health and sanitation issues
• Regular cleaning of the place will be done • Unwanted water accumulation in the construction site will be avoided • Proper drinking water and sanitation facility will be provided at site
Social security
• Noisy works will be done during the day time. • Works will be covered so as not to advance the pollutants of air and noise. • Gambling, alcoholism, will be strictly prohibited inside the proposal area.
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• Workers will not be allowed to enter/leave the site without authorization in the dark hours. • Construction area will be cordoned and access will be provided to people other than the project personnel and workers.
Pressure on public utilities
• Construction activities will import raw materials from wholesalers preferably outside of the locality if it is to pressure local supply. • Construction site will have temporary toilets and bathrooms and also separate drinking water facility inside the sites.
Aesthetic values
• Raw materials required will be brought and bought at the time of its utility • Construction site will be enclosed with opaque barriers.
5.1.2 Impacts on Physical Environment
Change in Land use and Landscape Disturbances
• Equipment will be handled properly • Haphazard disposal will be strictly prohibited
Earthwork excavation and spoil disposal
• The residual construction materials will be reused for other construction purposes • Proper store of grease, paints and other construction materials • Reuse the solid waste.
Stockpiling of Construction Materials
The unnecessary piling of construction materials would disturb the scenic beauty and landscape of the local environment. For this, following mitigation measures will be carried out:
• Construction materials will be kept in appropriate and designated places • Haphazard disposal of construction materials will be strictly prohibited • Construction materials will be arranged in a way for the betterment of aesthetic beauty • The residual construction materials will be reused for other construction purposes • Grease, paints and other construction materials will be stored properly
Disturbances to surrounding due to increase in vehicular movement in the locality due to transportation
• Movement of heavy vehicles will only be done during night time (after 8 PM and before 7 AM) • Vehicles coming and going out of the project site will be assisted by guards to the main road.
Groundwater extraction
• Rainwater harvesting technology will be applied to reduce the ground water depletion
Drainage system
• Waste water will not be allowed to discharge in open area • Waste water will be treated to the effluent standard before disposal • Urination and defecation in open areas and water-bodies will be controlled
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• The drain water will be treated before discharging into the sewerage system
Air and noise pollution
• Green sticker vehicles will be encouraged for construction material transportation. • Maintenance of the exhaust emission equipment materials will be regularized for vehicles as well as equipment. • Water will be sprinkled continuously to avoid dust emission from the stockpiling of bricks, aggregates. • Poly sheets will be used to cover the materials (cement, soil, sand etc.) during transportation. • Cement bags, soil, sand will be kept inside the temporary building and will be covered. • Vehicles like dozers, mixer, vibrator and marble cutting machine will be operated only during day time as far as possible • Construction activities will not be performed during nighttime as far as possible • Old equipment will not be used • Earplug will be provided to the worker involved in equipment operations
Solid waste management including demolition waste
• Haphazard disposal of construction materials will be strictly prohibited • Waste Container will be kept inside the construction site for segregation of waste which will be given to door to door waste collection organization.
Impact on cultural, religious and historical sites
• Access road will be repaired if any damage is occurred by the project activity • Transportation of construction material will be done at morning or evening off time of office hours • Large vibration producing machine shall not be used • If the vibration causes any damages to the neighboring building and structures the contractor shall be paid compensation
5.1.3 Impacts on Chemical Environment
Change in water quality and soil quality by the use of oil, paints, bitumen, etc
• Wastewater will be properly channelized to the sewerage system. • Leadless paint will be used as far as possible
5.1.4 Impacts on Biological Environment
Loss of open space and vegetation
• Plantation will be done around the building in the form of gardens if applicable. 5.2 Adverse Impacts (Operation stage)
5.2.1 Impacts on Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment Social Security
• Building will be guarded by security guards 24 hours a day • CCTV cameras will be installed in the lifts, entrance and corridors
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Change in social values and conflict
• No mitigation measures recommended
Health and safety issues
• Safety evaluation will be properly done after finishing works is completed • Organize health & hygienic program for the workers • Offices will be advised to keep first aid kits • Regular clean the business complex • Hospital is within 15 minute’s distance from the building therefore, any serious health problems can be treated in nearby hospitals.
Pressure on public utilities
• Canteen will be established within the construction area • Drinking water facilities will be available
5.2.2 Impacts on Physical Environment
Change in Water Table/ Water Quality
• Rainwater harvesting technology will be applied to reduce the ground water depletion • Rechargeable pits will be constructed to recharge ground water • Excessive water will not be extracted • Permission will be taken from the Underground Water Development Board to install deep boring
Visual Disruption to Existing Landscape & Obstruction of Sunlight
• Proper setback is ensured in the design
Air and noise pollution including indoor air pollution
• Generators will have silencer installed and will be kept inside a separate room
Fire hazard and other emergency response system
• Electrification will be properly done and earthing will be done for the precaution measures. • Fire extinguisher will be placed at required locations.
Uninterrupted and efficient power systems
• 24 hours electricity supply will be provided • Generator backup in case of power cut
Movement of vehicles and parking
• Roadside & haphazard parking will not be allowed • Traffic signs will be placed inside and around the area. • Separate entrance and exit outlets for vehicles will be constructed
Waste water management
• The drain water will be treated before discharging into the sewerage system.
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Solid waste management
Both bio-degradable and non-bio-degradable will be segregated. 3R principle will be followed for the management of the solid waste.
• Waste segregation and disposal mechanism will be established by providing different colored dustbins marking degradable and non-degradable waste • Recyclable solid waste will be sold • Non-degradable waste will be recycled to some extent. • Coordinate with KMC authority for final disposal of solid waste • Keep required number of container inside the premises.
5.2.3 Impacts on Chemical Environment
Change in water quality and soil quality by the use of oil, paints, etc.
• Grease, and oils will be properly disposed • Nothing will be allowed to throw in the open spaces. Separate dustbin will be kept in the project site 6 GRIEVANCES REDRESS MECHANISM
The project also aims to facilitate a grievance and redress mechanism to address the environmental and social concern of the community who are affected by the project activities. The proposed project doesn’t involve resettlement of any community, and a Resettlement Plan that addresses the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is not necessary. However, all the stakeholders are to be made aware of the project-specific GRM so that there is an appropriate channel of communication and a formalized procedure to settle dispute.
The process requires a GRM committee to be established at the local level to assure accessibility to the Affected Person or Stakeholder. The committee should consist of members with sufficient knowledge about the project, with technical know-how and expertise and someone aware about the socio-cultural dynamics of the community. GRM requires that issues and comments are first lodged with the local level GRM committee for handling of grievances at project site. The GRM committee should conduct their meeting within 3 weeks of receipt of complaint and solution needs to be provided at meeting or within 3 weeks.
If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, the GRM committees need to submit it to the PMU. The PMU with assistance from Environmental Specialist should resolve the grievance. If the grievance cannot be solved by the PMU, it will be referred to the relevant court of law.
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7 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1 Mitigation and Monitoring
The Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) shall be implemented in such a way that the contractor is monitored during the construction phase. EMP also requires regular monitoring of the actual environmental impacts during project operations over the years following project completion. These impacts that have been monitored should be compared with the anticipated impacts at the time of the preparation of the project and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures taken.
To promote monitoring activities as an integral part of the project, types of monitoring its indicators schedules and responsible agencies are given below:
7.1.1 Base line monitoring
Baseline monitoring aims to identify collect and verify the additional environmental base line data, which is scientific or sociological in nature and needed to augment information on baseline conditions initially generated during IEE. In case of the Water Supply Project most of the baseline data have already been collected and there is very little chance for its change till the implementation phase. Hence it will not be necessary to conduct it unless some striking new scenarios in terms of physical or socio- economic conditions emerge.
7.1.2 Compliance monitoring
Compliance monitoring is essential to encourage and promote the proponent to comply with the requirements as listed in the mitigation measures and any condition set forth during the project approval. Hence it is desirable to ensure the integration of mitigation measures in the document, if any, which should fully reflect the environment obligation to be complied with by the proponent or the contractor.
7.1.3 Impact monitoring
Impact monitoring is necessary to know the actual level of impact in the field during construction and operation of the project as the environmental impacts are predicted based on value judgment through with some valid assumptions.
The Monitoring Plan will be designed in a way that the contractor is monitored to ensure that the mitigation measures are followed during the construction period. It also requires regular and periodic monitoring of the actual environmental impacts during the project operation over the years following project completion. A detailed monitoring plan giving the mechanisms of monitoring for the environmental impact and the mitigation measures are given below.
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Table 2: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measure –Construction Environmental Monitoring Plan (applicable in Mahankalchaur, Electromechanical Branches and HO Tripureshwor)
Predicted Indicators Location Monitoring Monitoring Responsibilit Impacts Method Frequency y Physical Parameters Disturbance to Excavation Constructi Direct Daily during Contractor / the land system technique on site observation and construction PMU and soil erosion Soil disposal area record inspection Stacking of soil Quarrying Quarrying activity Quarry Direct Once Contractor/ Local aesthetics site observation and PMU contractor records Air and Noise Use of equipment Constructi Record Weekly PMU pollution and vehicles on and inspection Quality of fuel Operation site Sprinkling of water Use of mufflers Biological Parameters Loss of Cleared area Constructi Observation and Weekly Contractor/ vegetation No of on site record inspection PMU trees Socio-economic Parameters Problems from Behavior of the Project Record inquiry Monthly and Contractor/ outside workers area Local survey as needed PMU workforce Communication Uses of alcohol with people Records of fights Disturbance to Use of Project Record inquiry Weekly Contractor/ the local people signboards, notice area Communication PMU board with people Disposal area Occupational Type and number Constructi File record Daily Contractor/ Health and of accidents on site PMU Safety First aid and emergency services
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7.2 Environmental Monitoring Cost
The Monitoring cost has been estimated for one year of construction period. The monitoring will be conducted on the physical, biological and socio-economic aspects. So, the cost has covered all these parameters.
During the post construction phase, monitoring will be done on water quality, the maintenance system and outbreak of diseases.
Most of the monitoring cost for the proposed project is related to the expenses for experts for observation and monitoring during construction and operation phases of the project. The following monitoring costs are to be incurred by the project.
Table 3: Monitoring Costs
Item Duration Rate Cost (Month) Environmental Management 2.0 75,000 150,000 Specialist Sociologists 1.5 50,000 75,000 Support Staff 2 20,000 40,000 Cost for monitoring by MoWS LS 165,000 Transportation LS 40,000 Miscellaneous LS 30,000 Total 500,000.00
7.3 Environmental Procedures and Institutions
Institutions have crucial roles to play during monitoring. There should be a firm institutional commitment by the agencies responsible for monitoring. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) oversees environmental control and management for all sector agencies. The Ministry of Water Supply and Sanitation (MoWSS) will have overall responsibility for environmental monitoring of all water supply and sewerage projects. In case of an EIA, it must be approved by MOE. In case of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), the final approval lies with MoWSS. In this case, the approval is not required as per existing national rules.
The different agencies involved in Project are as explained in Table. 7
Table 4: Institutions Involved in the Proposed Project
S. N Organization Roles and Responsibilities 1. Project PMU under KUKL implements the project. It ensures that all the Management Unit mitigation measures prescribed by approved by the employer and (PMU) will be fully adopted by the contractor or concerns. It acquires permits and approval for project construction and assists. 2. Contractor It is responsible to ensure that the mitigation measures are specified during the construction
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7.4 Reporting Procedure
The contractor has a crucial role in ensuring that the mitigation measures are implemented during the project construction phase. The contractor will develop an Environmental Mitigation Execution Plan (EMEP) based on EMP. The contractor must report weekly about the progress of its work together with day-to-day practical aspect of project implementation to the PMU. The PMU then is responsible for ensuring that all the procedures and final design that includes the mitigation measures are followed. PMU is responsible to check the weekly progress report of the contractor and field verify whether the implementation of mitigation measures have been conducted as decided in the EMEP or not.
PMU then will prepare an environmental monitoring report based on the weekly progress report of the contractor. The Environmental Specialists of PMU will then review the comments and suggestions from the various authorities and act accordingly. 7.5 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates
The cost for the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring activities are described in Table 5. The Cost of mitigation measures directly linked to the construction activities (such as erosion control measures) are not included in the cost estimates as most of these are already included in the construction and operation and maintenance cost of the project. 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The EMP proposal has been proposed by Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited. As per the requirement set out by EPR 1997, the study has been conducted as per the requirement of ADB, but it is not required by the domestic rules. The EMP has assessed potential environmental impacts due to the building construction and operation. Different elements of physical environment, geology and soil, hydrology, land use pattern air and noise, water sources, waste disposal were studied. No significant impacts were seen on these elements of the physical environment. This building construction and modernization does not pose negative impact to the system, water source, soil pollution, soil erosion and disturbances to the existing natural landscape. The study has not observed long term negative impacts; however, small impacts that are identified can easily be minimized and coped with proposed mitigation measures.
Different elements of the biological environment, vegetation and fauna have been studied. Adverse impacts on socio-economic environment are also found to be minimal. Different elements, demography, population growth and its composition, economic characteristic of population, migration pattern, agriculture and food situation, religion and culture and historical important area, of socio-economic and cultural environment have been studied. There would be short term employment opportunity and local economic activities would also increase at the time of construction as well as in operation phase. There is no any adverse impact to the socio-economic environment since there is no any land acquisition, people’s displacement and rehabilitation due to the building. Numbers of mitigation measures construction safety, solid waste management at the time of construction and operation etc. are outlined in previous chapters. In order to ensure the implementation of the environmental protection measures, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared, which include plan for the implementation of the mitigation measures. The plan includes detail on environmental monitoring, both compliance and impact monitoring.
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There is no any significant adverse impact to the existing environment by the project implementation. Some impacts that are caused during construction phase will be checked after the completion and can even minimized during the process. As per the guidelines of the EPR, 1997 the EMP is sufficient and there is no need for any further studies. Hence the study recommends for implementing the project as per design, drawing and specification.
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9 ANNEXES
9.1 Rapid Environmental Examination (REE)
PREDICTION S.N IMPACTS Low Medium High Others 1 Land acquisition NA 2 Access to safe drinking water 3 Topography, Land use & Stability 4 Downstream effect NA 5 Potential decrease in agricultural land NA 6 Business opportunity 7 Potential improvement of public facility 8 Tourism NA 9 Irrigation facility NA 10 Effect on biodiversity 11 Employment Opportunities 12 Sedimentation and Hydrology NA 13 Water Supply 14 Water Quality 15 Geology 16 Aquatic life NA 17 Anti-social behavior 18 Health and sanitation 19 Demographic pressure 20 Law and order 21 Market price inflation NA 22 Child labor 23 Burdens for women 24 Effect on rare and endangered animals & species NA 25 Deforestation NA 26 Excavated Material Management 27 Sound Pollution 28 Occupational health and safety Impact due to sudden release of water to 29 downstream NA 30 Air Quality 31 Solid Waste Management 32 Micro Climate 33 Impact on disadvantage group NA 34 Movement of people in dangerous place
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9.2 Sample Grievance Redress Form
(To be available in Nepalese and English language)
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9.3 Overall Compliance with EMP
No. Sub-Project EMP Part of EMP Status of Implementation Action Proposed & Name Contract (Excellent/ Satisfactory/ Additional Being Documents (Y/N) Partially Satisfactory/ Measures Required Implemented Below Satisfactory) (Y/N)
9.4 Approach and Methodology for Environmental Monitoring of The Project
• Brief description on the approach and methodology used for environmental monitoring of each sub-project 9.5 Monitoring of Environmental Impacts on Project Surroundings (Ambient Air, Water Quality and Noise Levels)
• Brief discussion on the basis for monitoring • Indicate type and location of environmental parameters to be monitored • Indicate the method of monitoring and equipment to be used • Provide monitoring results and an analysis of results in relation to baseline data and statutory requirements
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Modernization of KUKL Branches as Building Construction, Rehabilitation and Furnishing
9.6 Sample Environmental Site Inspection Report
Project Name: Contract Number Name: Title: Location: Weather Condition Initial Site Condition Concluding Site Condition Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Incident Resolved Unresolved Incident: Nature of Incident Intervention Steps Incident Issues Survey
Project Design Resolution Activity Implementation Stage Pre-Commissioning Guarantee Period Inspection Emissions Waste Minimization Air Quality Reuse and Recycling Noise Pollution Dust and Litter Control Hazardous Substances Trees and Vegetation Access to Water Tanks by Tankers
Site Restored to Original Condition YES NO
Signature
Signoff
Name: Name Position: Position
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