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Symbols Representing Creationism in J. R. R. Tolkien’S ‘Ainulindale’ and ‘Valaquenta’

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Symbols Representing Creationism in J. R. R. Tolkien’S ‘Ainulindale’ and ‘Valaquenta’ PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI SYMBOLS REPRESENTING CREATIONISM IN J. R. R. TOLKIEN’S ‘AINULINDALE’ AND ‘VALAQUENTA’ AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By GERALDO ALEXANDER PATRIA SIREGAR Student Number: 164214053 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI SYMBOLS REPRESENTING CREATIONISM IN J. R. R. TOLKIEN’S ‘AINULINDALE’ AND ‘VALAQUENTA’ AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By GERALDO ALEXANDER PATRIA SIREGAR Student Number: 164214053 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI For my parents, My sister, And my late mother viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To begin with, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to Jesus Christ, my Lord and Savior, who has always been the guiding Light to me in my darkest times when all other lights go out. I would also like to give sincere thanks to my thesis advisor, Dr. Tatang Iskarna, and to my co-advisor, Sri Mulyani Ph.D., who have given invaluable advices and shared their knowledge to me so that it is possible for me to finish this thesis. Next, I would like to thank my family, especially my parents and my only sister, Harry, Dianry, and Lidya, whose love and support has empowered me to go beyond my limits, not forgetting to mention my cousin, Desi, and my late mother, Endah, I would as well give my innermost thanks to Kitana who has kept me company during the pandemic and encouraged me to finish my thesis. Correspondingly, I would show my appreciation to my friend, Anjaz, and to my good housemaid, Tira, who had strengthened my resolve to have a new beginning in a new college. Special thanks are also directed to my college friends: Yoninho, Bryan, Bima, Julia, Grace, Sekar, Ayu, and many others whose name I cannot mention one by one. You all have filled my college time not only with joy and laughter that brighten up the days, but also with arguments and deep talks that helped me to develop in wisdom and personality. Geraldo Alexander Patria Siregar ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ..................................................................................................... ii APPROVAL PAGE .......................................................................................... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ..................................................................................... iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................. v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .. vi MOTTO PAGE ................................................................................................ vii DEDICATION PAGE ..................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... x ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... xi ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER I ....................................................................................................... 1 A. Background of the Study ............................................................................. 1 B. Problem Formulation ................................................................................... 4 C. Objectives of the Study ................................................................................ 4 D. Definition of Terms ..................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER II ..................................................................................................... 7 A. Review of Related Studies ........................................................................... 7 B. Review of Related Theories ....................................................................... 12 1. Theory on Symbol .................................................................................. 12 2. Theory on Semiotics ............................................................................... 14 3. Theory on Creationism ............................................................................ 15 C. Theoretical Framework .............................................................................. 17 CHAPTER III .................................................................................................. 17 A. Object of the Study .................................................................................... 17 B. Approach of the Study ............................................................................... 19 C. Method of the Study .................................................................................. 20 CHAPTER IV .................................................................................................. 21 A. Symbols in Ainulindale and Valaquenta .................................................... 21 1. Eru (Iluvatar) .......................................................................................... 22 2. Ainur ...................................................................................................... 24 3. Music ...................................................................................................... 28 B. The Significance of the Symbols ................................................................ 29 1. Eru (Iluvatar) .......................................................................................... 30 2. Ainur ...................................................................................................... 33 3. Music ...................................................................................................... 37 C. Creationism Seen through the Symbols ...................................................... 38 CHAPTER V .................................................................................................... 41 REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 43 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT SIREGAR, GERALDO ALEXANDER PATRIA. (2020). Symbols Representing Creationism in J. R. R. Tolkien’s Ainulindale and Valaquenta. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Symbol is a literary device that is used by writers to convey ideas inexplicitly. It is one of the dominant literary devices in J.R.R. Tolkien‟s Ainulindale and Valaquenta. Ainulindale is the creation myth of Tolkien‟s fictional universe “Ea” and world, “Arda”, while Valaquenta is the account of the Valar, the Ainur that came into Arda to shape it. The two narratives are alleged to contain symbols that represent creationism. There are three objectives in this research. The first one finds symbols in the two narratives. The second one examines what the symbols represent based on the theory on symbols. The last one determines how the symbols represent creationism through their significance using the theory on creationism. This research applies three steps to fulfill the mentioned objectives. The first step is close reading of both Ainulindale, and Valaquenta to find the symbols. The second step analyzes the significance of each symbol by examining their traditional meaning and how each symbol affects the readers. The last step defines how the symbols represent creationism seen from their significance. This research uses mythological approach. The theories used in this research are the theory on symbols, semiotics and creationism. This research finds three symbols in both Ainulindale and Valaquenta. The three symbols are Eru, the Ainur, and Music. Eru‟s existence in the narratives signifies the presence of an almighty God, the creator. The Ainur signifies the presence of creation. Music signifies harmony between the creator and the creation and harmony between creations. The three symbols represent the belief of creationism through their significances. Keywords: symbols, creationism, creationist, Tolkien. xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK SIREGAR, GERALDO ALEXANDER PATRIA. (2020). Symbols Representing Creationism in J. R. R. Tolkien’s Ainulindale and Valaquenta. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Simbol merupakan salah satu perangkat sastra yang digunakan penulis untuk menyapaikan ggasan secara lebih lebih samar. Simbol adalah salah satu perangkat sastra yang dominan di dalam Ainulindale dan Valaquenta karya J.R.R. Tolkien. Ainulindale merupakan mitos penciptaan semesta dan dunia fiktif Tolkien “Ea” dan “Arda”, ketika Valaquenta merupakan catatan mengenai para “Dewa” yang membentuk Arda. Kedua cerita diduga memgandung simbol-simbol yang menggambarkan kreasionisme. Ada tiga tujuan di dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan pertama mencari simbol do dalam kedua cerita. Tujuan kedua memeriksa apa makna para simbol menurut teori simbol. Tujuan terakhir menentukan bagaimana simbol-simbol tersebut
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