Pope, M et al 2015 Discoveries from La Manche: Five Years of Early Prehistoric Research in the Channel Island of . Archaeology International, No. 18: pp. 113–123, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ai.1813

RESEARCH ARTICLE Discoveries from La Manche: Five Years of Early Prehistoric Research in the Channel Island of Jersey Matt Pope*, Beccy Scott†, Josie Mills*, Martin Bates‡, Richard Bates§, Ed Blinkhorn*, Chantal Connellerǁ, Sarah Duffy*, Marie-Anne Julien¶, Anne-Lyse Ravon¶ and Andrew Shaw**

Since 2010 a new field project drawn from major UK institutions including the UCL Institute of Archaeology, has focused research on the Palaeolithic and Meso- lithic record of the Channel Island of Jersey. In this retrospective of five years of research the history of the project to date, its focus on the Middle Palaeolithic site of and its growth into an international research team is charted. The formation of the La Manche Prehistorique research network in 2015 marks a new chapter in the development of this project. With its wider focus, but continued commitment to research in the Channel Islands, the research group are working towards a unified early prehistoric research framework for the English Channel region.

Introduction the coastal locale of La Cotte de St. Brelade, In this paper we describe the history of a cur- Jersey (Figs. 1 and 2). This site has emerged rent, well-established prehistoric research in the past five years as a focus not only of project, now in its sixth year. At the time of renewed academic research, but also of study writing we are helping to develop a new pro- of effects of climate change, and the relation- gramme of engineering and excavation at a ship between heritage protection and the key ‘supersite’ in Neanderthal archaeology: socio-economic agendas of an island nation. Our role in progressively addressing these issues has developed rapidly and profoundly * UCL Institute of Archaeology, London WC1H over this time. Now, in a moment of reflec- OPY, United Kingdom tion, before our project develops in new [email protected] directions, we offer it as a case-study of the † The British Museum, UK development of a research team; one to be ‡ School of Archaeology, University of Wales, Lampeter, UK considered alongside more traditional and § Department of Geography, University of hierarchical models. St Andrews, UK Jersey is the largest of the Channel Islands, ǁ Department of Archaeology, University of an archipelago comprising outcrops of igne- Manchester, UK ous, sedimentary and metamorphic geolo- ¶ University of Renne 2, France gies within the Normano-Breton Gulf (Fig. 2) ** University of Southampton, UK (British Geological Survey Guernsey 2000). Corresponding author: Matt Pope Jersey rises to a maximum height of 120m 114 Pope et al: Discoveries from La Manche above sea level on the north coast of the years. Added to this are a wide number of island; from there, the topography dips to localities which preserve raised beach depos- the south, where a series of embayments has its, often with great depths of overlying soil been eroded. Around the coastal fringes of the deposits of head and windblown loess, which island fissures within the granite and a small extend the record of environmental change number of caves provide a record of climatic further back into the Middle Pleistocene. This change through much of the past 300,000 geological resource is enhanced by a number

Figure 1: La Cotte de St Brelade under excavation at the start of engineering works in November 2014 (Photo: La Manche Prehistoric Research Group).

Figure 2: Location map showing the position of the island of Jersey within the La Manche region, within the Channel Island archipelago and the location of La Cotte de St Brelade (Map: La Manche Prehistoric Research Group). Pope et al: Discoveries from La Manche 115 of localities where stone tools, relating to both plateau, especially from the north, becoming modern humans and Neanderthal popula- progressively isolated as the climate warmed tions, have been recovered either singly as iso- and sea level rose. Seen from our perspective, lated finds or, in the case of the site of La Cotte as archaeological researchers, with an inter- de St. Brelade, in their thousands (McBurney est in the ancient human occupation record and Callow 1971; Callow and Cornford 1986). of north west Europe, the Normano-Breton Jersey is currently an island due to the Gulf in general, and Jersey in particular offer fact that we are presently in an interglacial an exceptional landscape to explore the period where global sea levels are high. For responses of hunter gatherer communities much of the last 2.5 million years sea levels to profound change in climate and environ- have been lower and Jersey, along with the ment across a vast timespan. In this paper other Channel Islands of Guernsey, Chausey, we document the past five years of renewed Sark, Alderney, and the reefs of the Minquiers Pleistocene research on the island of Jersey and Les Ecrehous would have formed raised and the emergence of a wider research agenda table-lands and outcrops rising from the aiming to bring the Palaeolithic record of the relatively lower landscapes of the gulf. Jersey Gulf and the broader La Manche/English and Chausey, being respectively only 22km Channel region into focus. We offer this and 17km from France, would have always account of research to date as narrative of been the last places to remain connected the project’s development and to provide an to the continental mainland during periods illustration of how an agile research team, of sea level rise. The coastal areas of nearby initially with minimal material support, can Normandy and Brittany themselves have a initiate and develop a major research project. rich record of human habitation contrasting with that on the interior landscapes, which Academic Legacies and Research have far less in the way of recorded finds. at the Start of the 21st Century The sites of Le Rozel, Piégu, Les Vallées, 2005–2008 Nantois, Mont Dol and Fermanville attest By the time our project was initiated, in 2009, to Neanderthal occupation of these coastal there had been no active Palaeolithic research landscapes during periods of both rela- in Jersey for some 25 years. This ranks as the tively high and low sea levels, and suggest longest hiatus in work on the Island’s earli- we should consider them, alongside similar est Stone Age archaeology since the discov- locales on the Channel Island coasts as sur- ery of La Cotte de St. Brelade in 1881. As a vivals of the human occupation record of a result, both broader understanding of the now-submerged landscape (Bailey & King Pleistocene potential of the Island, and of the 2011; Scuvée & Verague 1988). context of the finds from La Cotte itself, has Seen from this perspective, the topo- not advanced (Pope et al. 2012). The last publi- graphic setting of the island of Jersey would cation to describe the archaeology of La Cotte have altered profoundly according to climate in detail had been Paul Callow’s summary in and associated sea level change throughout the 1992 Quaternary Research Association the Pleistocene. During cool–cold and low Field Guide and the original monograph, sea level events, Jersey would have been published in 1986, had long since gone joined to northern France, isolated between out of print. But La Cotte de St. Brelade still broadly south-east to north-west trending riv- loomed significantly large in the literature ers running between Jersey and the modern of Neanderthal archaeology: as a site where Cotentin Peninsula (to the north-west) and Neanderthal drove herds of mammoths from the Minquiers to the south (Fig. 2). Jersey cliffs as part of an organised hunting strategy would have been widely visible across the (K. Scott 1986a; 1986b; B. Scott et al. 2013). exposed landscapes of the Channel River Our own interaction with the site as a plain as an upstanding ‘terrestrial island’ or group began in 2005 when, while visiting 116 Pope et al: Discoveries from La Manche

Jersey to discuss an unrelated project in West impressive, the impetus to re-examine the Papua, Matt Pope was taken to the site by site was emerging from research undertaken Ralph Nicolls of the Société Jersiaise (Jersey’s as part of the Ancient Human Occupation learned and scientific society). It was evident of Britain project (AHOB) funded by the from the visit that unexcavated Pleistocene Leverhulme Trust and coordinated by the deposits still filled the West Ravine of the site British Museum and Natural History Museum to a depth of greater than 10m, and that these (e.g. Scott and Ashton 2011). A key research deposits were vulnerable to intermittent ero- area addressed by the AHOB project con- sion by the sea. A subsequent visit in, 2008 cerned the distribution and nature of Middle by Matt Pope and Geoff Smith, allowed for a Palaeolithic technology in the British Isles in brief assessment of the collection of faunal comparison with Northern France, Belgium remains and lithics from La Cotte stored by and Holland. While the landscapes of the the island’s historical trust, . Thames Valley and East Anglia, fringing the The faunal collections were under the care submerged Doggerland region (Coles 1998) of Institute of Archaeology alumnus Neil had initially provided the focus for this Mahrer (see Alumni Reflections in this issue) research, interesting patterns became appar- while the island’s archaeologist, Olga Finch, ent between the western and eastern parts curated the phenomenally large collection of Southern Britain, patterns which might of stone tools, totalling in excess of 250,000, require consideration of the largely ignored from La Cotte and other Palaeolithic sites on palaeo-region of the English Channel/La the island. Manche (Fig. 3). It was during a pub con- While the scale of the site, its surviving sedi- versation with the late Roger Jacobi, then a mentary resource and the collections were research leader at the British Museum, that

Figure 3: Topography of the La Manche Region. Showing Bathymetry in metres below mean sea level for the English Channel (Map: La Manche Prehistoric Research Group). Pope et al: Discoveries from La Manche 117 we conceived the project. Recognising the had time to address to allow us to be adapt- importance of La Cotte de St Brelade, as the able on the ground at short notice. The pro- key regional sequence for the La Manche ject team of core staff, doctoral students and region was a direct legacy from the AHOB volunteers, was purposively collective and research programme, and plans to develop a non-hierarchical in structure, a conscious Jersey-focused project were consequently put response to overly hierarchical styles of pro- into action. ject structure we had experienced before. We worked with a small team of students The Quaternary Archaeology and drawn largely from the archaeological under- Environments of Jersey Project graduates of Southampton University and 2009–2012 UCL Institute of Archaeology. The students, By 2009, the project had developed into who at that stage were outnumbered by the a research collective aiming to develop ‘staff’, were given training in excavation, geo- an assessment of the La Cotte archive, a archaeological approaches to landscape, and wider survey of potential for Palaeolithic/ surveying, while evening lectures covered Mesolithic archaeology in Jersey, and to topics relating to the Palaeolithic and to field establish a training excavation for UK archae- techniques. ology students. In September of that year, a Through 2011 and 2012 the project grew meeting was held at La Cotte with Dr John in terms of both the number of students Renouf, a consulting geologist with Société and length of the field season which was Jersiaise, and Olga Finch of Jersey Heritage now extended to a month. These years saw to discuss the possibility of small-scale field- the wider investigation of the Les Varines work at La Cotte and to identify safer, terres- locality through coring, geophysics and trial sites for research excavation and student excavation, and the determination that training. A programme to begin assessment it represented a significant Magdalenian of the lithic and paper archives from La locality. There was also a bathymetric sur- Cotte was also developed at the same time, vey of the sea-bed around La Cotte de St with funding drawn directly from the AHOB Brelade. These years also saw the beginning project. of a programme of archive reorganisation, In the summer of 2010, and with substan- funded by Jersey Heritage and the AHOB tial support from the Centre for Archaeology project, co-ordinated by Beccy Scott and of Human Origins (Director: John McNabb) Andy Shaw. The starting point for this work our first field season was undertaken. was the unlocking of Paul Callow’s com- Working for just two weeks we undertook prehensive and detailed digital archive by assessment through test pitting at the Ruth Charles and Kate Jeary at Cambridge. Mesolithic locality of Canal du Squez, in This work, which comprised a kind of digi- the parish of St Ouens, and of a Late Upper tal archaeology, was timely; the expertise Palaeolithic scatter at Les Varines, in the and experience was still there to take this parish of St Saviours, both led by Chantal legacy data, in obsolete file formats, and Conneller. At the same time Martin Bates transform it into modern versions readable undertook section cleaning and recording by our software. For the first time we were at La Cotte, work focused in the West Ravine able to plot the entire artefact assemblage where intermittent erosion of intact depos- from the McBurney era excavations using its appeared to be occurring. The project was Geographical Information System software implemented as a wide ranging landscape and began to visualise the site. More impor- survey with research/training excavation at tantly, we were able to determine the pre- its core. The set up was agile, with planning cise location of each artefact and began to permissions in place for more sites than we reorganise the collection of 94,919 pieces 118 Pope et al: Discoveries from La Manche into a system based on spatial provenance, exploring its potential for cultural tourism rather than technological characteristics. based on its early prehistoric heritage assets. At the site of La Cotte de St Brelade, the field survey had established an area of highly Ice Age Island and the Threshold unstable stratigraphy in the West Ravine. Project: 2013–2015 These sediments had never been subject to In the spring of 2013 we were successful in adequately detailed archaeological or scien- receiving two independent funding streams tific investigation and were clearly at threat which allowed research into the Pleistocene of removal by the sea. In response to this of Jersey to develop along two separate we mobilised a second season of excavation fronts. The herculean work undertaken in in October of 2011 supported by a Natural delivering the Charles McBurney and Paul Environment Research Council (NERC) Callow archives into modern file formats and Urgency Grant to investigate, record, sample accessible artefact collections opened the and stabilise this area of the site. This work way to a successful bid for AHRC funding led revealed that the West Ravine appeared to by Professor Clive Gamble of Southampton contain a deep (> 10m) sequence of intact University. The AHRC Threshold project, deposits relating to the last (Weichseilean/ which at the time of writing is still on-going, Devensian) glaciation. Furthermore, dating of seeks to explore the human use of space and these sediments using Optically Stimulated landscapes through the detailed reading of Luminescence techniques, allowed us to behaviour relating to the persistent use of demonstrate that the lower part of this sedi- certain locales. The project allowed for the ment block spanned a period of between employment of two full-time post-doctoral 105,000 and 47,000 years before present. researchers and the technical support to This latter date is very close to the time when make sense of the immense data archive modern humans are thought to have moved from La Cotte. In addition we won funding, into northern Europe and Neanderthal in partnership with Jersey Heritage, from the populations begin to disappear. This fact, Jersey Tourist Development Fund to continue combined with our correlation of the West our excavations at Les Varines (Fig. 4) and to ravine deposits with those which produced embed our work in Jersey’s promotion of 13 Neanderthal teeth and a fragment of cra- heritage tourism, and to provide public and nium in the early 20th century, demonstrated visitor access to our excavations and research that the site still contained an internation- areas. Through developing a series of walk- ally important sedimentary sequence. This ing trails, small and large scale museum sequence was unprotected and lay entirely at exhibitions and digital online content, we the mercy of westerly storms and high tides. have been able to develop a research agenda It became apparent that protecting and fully based on Stone Age archaeology which fits documenting this part of the site would be a alongside the Island’s economic and cultural mammoth undertaking and costly in terms of aspirations. time and funding. It would also require very The profile of the project was raised in careful coordination between the site own- 2013 by the publication of two papers ers, the Société Jersiaise, the Jersey Planning detailing our initial reassessment of the site and Environment department and other key of La Cotte de St. Brelade, which put into stakeholders such as Jersey Heritage and the doubt the long-held perception that it was National Trust for Jersey, a process which the site of specialised mammoth drives by we knew would take some time to coalesce. Neanderthals (Scott, B et al. 2014) and also In the meantime the project refocused on presenting our dating evidence for the West the site of Les Varines and on developing Ravine sequence (Bates et al. 2013). Media our relationship with the island through interest had steadily grown through the past Pope et al: Discoveries from La Manche 119

Figure 4: Excavations at the Late Upper Palaeolithic site of Les Varines in 2014 (Photo: La Manche Prehistoric Research Group). couple of years with coverage by TV and and cultural profile of the communities who Radio documentaries leading to the broad- live there. Our approach has always been to cast in 2014 of the BBC’s flagship series, Ice embed our research within these wider pub- Age Giants, which featured our work at La lic agendas to attempt a fully three-dimen- Cotte. The project has now become part of sional approach to the archaeological work, the fabric of Jersey’s heritage engagement looking at how our work can benefit the sphere and our current research is actively public at local, national, regional and inter- promoted to tourists and followed by the national scales. island through regular press and radio cov- erage. The aim has always been to make the Return to La Cotte 2014–2015 island the main focus of our work, and to Over the winter of 2013–2014, northern consider it as a single landscape shaped by Europe was hit by a series of severe Atlantic processes of climate and sea level change. As storms. In Jersey a number of these coincided with other beautiful coastal landscapes in the with high tides causing widespread damage British Isles, whether it be the Dorset Jurassic to coastal areas. Alongside the erosion of sea Coast World Heritage Site or the Devon walls and flooding of near-shore roads, the Riveria Geopark, the geological and archaeo- destruction of sediments in the West Ravine logical resource preserved and discovered at La Cotte de St Brelade accelerated substan- within those landscapes has an important tially, removing a large block of sediment part to play in the economic performance from the base of the West Ravine sequence 120 Pope et al: Discoveries from La Manche in the areas we had identified in the 2011 response within the framework of a multi- NERC- funded work. The response from the partner team combining private, public and site’s owners and Jersey Heritage was instant third sectors, UCL Institute of Archaeology’s and effective, commissioning our team to Centre for Applied Archaeology (CAA) were undertake an assessment of damage at the commissioned to coordinate the works site and putting together a multi-disciplinary alongside engineering contractors and to team of engineers, architects and other spe- begin to develop a forward management and cialists to develop a response. Plans initially conservation plan for the site (see News item developed by John Renouf and consulting on CAA in this Issue). Jon Sygrave and Gai engineer John Sharp were developed further Jorayev from the CAA are currently progress- in light of the observed sea levels during the ing these plans and seeking financial backing storm events, and a fully costed proposal to to undertake a programme of works antici- undertake full-scale engineering works at the pated to cost in the region of £500,000. site was developed. These plans comprise the building of a sea wall within the West Ravine The View from the Island: Future then reprofiling the unstable sedimentary Directions for Prehistoric Research deposits under archaeological control, of in the La Manche Region the West Ravine cliff, and reinstatement of a The spring of 2015 saw the Institute of secure access path along the cliff edge from Archaeology host a one day meeting of common land above the site. researchers currently involved in aspects As part of these enabling works a laser of the Jersey research. While not every col- scan and photogrammetry survey were con- league could attend, representatives were sidered desirable to create an accurate three- there from the multiple strands of the pro- dimensional model of the site on which to ject including the AHRC Threshold team base detailed construction plans and to cre- led by Clive Gamble, the study of human ate a benchmark record of the site before remains from the site led by Chris Stringer engineering works commenced. A laser scan from the Natural History Museum Human team from 3DIMpact based in UCL’s depart- Origins research group and the Ice Age ment of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Island excavation at Les Varines. The meet- Engineering was therefore commissioned ing drew together the now diverse threads of to survey the entire headland. In addition, the project recognising that, with La Cotte de detailed survey work was undertaken by St Brelade at its core, the project was in the team member Sarah Duffy on the interior process of transformation from being a sin- of the cave system. The complete capture of gle team to a much wider research network. the site took five days and within a couple of Taking the project forward, we now have weeks the data was being used to help model the opportunity to consider the direction and wave-heights during storm events within the management model for our future research. cave, and to create accurate models of sedi- Emerging from this process is the recogni- ment removal and re-profiling of the site to tion that we are now well placed to embrace effect stabilisation. exactly the cross-channel, inter regional scale In November 2014 the first stages of the perspective that has been considered a key remediation works got underway with the research aspiration since the early days of covering of the West Ravine’s unstable sec- the AHOB project. The La Manche region, tion in a protective membrane. Subsequent covering the submerged and terrestrial land- to this safety measure, excavations were scapes from the Western Approaches of the undertaken by the project team ahead of wall English Channel to the Straits of Dover, is an construction at the base of the slope. In order area of largely unknown Palaeolithic poten- to coordinate this specialist archaeological tial, investigated to date in a patchy and Pope et al: Discoveries from La Manche 121 uncoordinated manner. The excellent work As for the archaeology of the submerged of French teams based in Brittany (Rennes), English Channel landscapes themselves, Normandy (Caen) and Picardie (Amien/ this requires more careful consideration. Lille) and managed by researchers from Potential has barely been assessed in com- French Universities, the Institut National parison to Doggerland, but glimpses of de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives well-preserved palaeo-topography and (INRAP), and the Centre National de la accessible sedimentary bodies on the Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) is certainly sea floor, and the presence of substan- broadly comparable in terms of quality to tial, submerged sites indicated by Middle that undertaken in Southern Britain, if not in Palaeolithic artefacts from the sea bed off terms of scale. But there are big differences Fermanville, indicate what could be there. between regions and between each country This is emerging as a crucially important in terms of how results are collated and inter- area in which to concentrate our research, preted. Developing a single, contiguous and as the Normano-Breton Gulf, in common comparable dataset of Stone Age sites and with other areas of the English Channel sea sedimentary records would be transforma- bed, is set to become the focus for develop- tive as the first stage in looking at the record ment of renewable energy infrastructure in and developing strategic research aims to the coming decades. further address it. At a small scale we have begun this work, More pressingly, perhaps, we can see there considering the archaeology in the waters are large disparities in the way that fieldwork around Jersey itself, undertaking bathym- in commercial, development-led contexts etric survey of near-shore landscapes, and is undertaken on both sides of the English considering large areas of usually submerged Channel, and between regions within each Pleistocene landscape exposed during the country. This is crucial to address because exceptionally low tides of the Gulf de St differences in approach, in current on-going Malo at locations like Seymour Tower and and large scale fieldwork, could be deleteri- the Minquiers. However we consider that ous on a large scale to our ability to manage, a strategic approach to these submerged protect and investigate the record in compa- landscapes is not yet adequately developed rable ways across the region. Consequently, for the region, and in the short term we in 2015 we consider our primary research need to develop immediate and achievable driver to be the fostering of a research approaches to these inaccessible landscapes network with the aim of identifying com- through our existing and emerging skills as mon ground and reconciling differences. terrestrial archaeologists. For example, one The La Manche Prehistoric research group thread we are now actively pursuing is the (LaMP) has been established directly out of reconsideration of raw material provenanc- our Jersey-based work not only to continue ing as a direct way of taking artefacts from active research in the Channel Islands, but to terrestrial Prehistoric sites and attempting to develop a wider community of cross-channel identify sources of flint or other raw mate- research with the aim of sharing data and rial which do not occur at any known ter- expertise and to work towards unified map- restrial locale. The possibility of matching ping and resource management frameworks. these materials to sources now submerged We see the development of this network as not only offers the potential for looking at the single most important outcome of our human movement and raw material provi- research in Jersey, which has provided a sioning strategies, but also for providing a strategic platform, separate from both UK direct link between human behaviour, sea- and French systems in which to harmonise level change and global climate through the research of both countries. Quaternary. 122 Pope et al: Discoveries from La Manche

Moving forward and keeping momentum References and progress across all aspects of research Bailey, G N and King, G C 2011 Dynamic (at La Cotte de St. Brelade, within Jersey landscapes and human dispersal pat- and across the wider La Manche region) will terns: tectonics, coastlines, and the recon- require careful coordination and adequate struction of human habitats. Quaternary funding. At the same time we are committed Science Reviews, 30(11): 1533–1553. DOI: as a team to maintaining the flat hierarchy http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev. and multi-institution approach which saw 2010.06.019 the birth of the project, and to creating fre- Bates, M, Pope, M, Shaw, A, Scott, B and quent opportunities for student training and Schwenninger, J-L 2013 Late Neander- research and for wider public engagement. thal occupation in North-West Europe: The important achievements of the project to rediscovery, investigation and dating of a date, aside from the aspects of new discovery last glacial sediment sequence at the site about our Prehistoric past, are restoring the of La Cotte de Saint Brelade, Jersey. Jour- site of La Cotte de St Brelade to its central- nal of Quaternary Science, 316: 14–26. ity in the region and beginning to realise its DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2669 role in bringing closer the early prehistoric British Geological Survey 2000 Guernsey. research traditions of France and the UK. Solid Geology. 1:250 000. Nottingham: Keyworth, British Geological Survey. Competing Interests Callow, P and Cornford, J M (eds.) 1986 La The author’s research in Jersey, as part of the Cotte de St Brelade 1961–1978. Excava- La Manche Prehistorique research group has tions by C.B.M. McBurney. Norwich: Geo. been funded through the States of Jersey Coles, B J 1998 Doggerland: A Speculative Tourism Development Fund. In addition, Survey. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Soci- enabling works at La Cotte de St Brelade, ety, 64: 45–81. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ managed by Archaeology South East, has 10.1017/S0079497X00002176 been funded by Jersey Heritage. McBurney, C B M and Callow, P 1971 The Cambridge excavations at La Cotte de Acknowledgements St Brelade, Jersey—a preliminary report. Grateful thanks are extended to Jersey Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Heritage, the Société Jersiaise, The National 37(2): 167–207. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ Trust for Jersey, the States of Jersey 10.1017/S0079497X00012627 Department of Planning and Environment Pope, M, Bates, M, Cole, J, Conneller, C, for their generosity and support; to the Ruebens, K, Scott, B, Shaw, A, Smith, G, AHRC, NERC, the Leverhulme Foundation Underhill, D and Wragg-Sykes, R 2012 and the Calleva Foundation; to Olga Finch, Quaternary Environments and Archaeol- Neil Mahrer, Anne Best, Sheena Brockie, ogy of Jersey: A new multidisciplinary Dominic Jones and Charlotte Hotton for their project looking at the early prehistoric support on the Island; to Alan Hubbard and occupation of the English Channel Nolwenn Chauche for their time and the use Region. In: Ruebens, K, Romanowska, I of the survey ship Gambo. We would also like and Bynoe, R (Eds.) Unravelling the Pal- to thank Marcus Hatch, Joroen Adrianson, aeolithic. BAR International Series 2400. Jesse Bennett, Lucie Bolton, James Cole, Sam Oxford: Archaeopress. Griffiths, Andy Needham, Dave Underhill, Scott, B and Ashton, N 2011 The Early Mid- Karen Ruebens, Tabitha Paterson, Geoff dle Palaeolithic: the European context. In: Smith and Rebecca Wragg-Sykes for their Ashton, N M, Lewis, S G and Stringer, C B contributions to fieldwork and archive (Eds.) The Ancient Human Occupation of reorganisation. Britain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 67–89. Pope et al: Discoveries from La Manche 123

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0- by C.B.M. McBurney. Norwich: Geo, 444-53597-9.00006-6 pp. 109–139. Scott, B, Bates, M, Bates, R, Conneller, C, Scott, K 1986b The bone assemblages from Pope, M, Shaw, A and Smith, G layers 3 and 6. In: Callow, P and Cornford, J M 2014 A new view from La Cotte de St. (Eds.) La Cotte de St Brelade 1961–1978. Brelade, Jersey. Antiquity, 88(339): Excavations by C.B.M. McBurney. Norwich: 13–29. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ Geo, pp. 159–185. S0003598X00050195 Scuvée, F and Verague, J 1988 Le gisement Scott, K 1986a The large mammal fauna. In: sous-marin Paléolithique Moyen le l’Anse Callow, P and Cornford, J M (Eds.) La Cotte de la Mondrée a Fermanville (Manche). de St Brelade 1961–1978. Excavations Cherbourg: C.E.H.P.-Littus.

How to cite this article: Pope, M, Scott, B, Mills, J, Bates, M, Bates, R, Blinkhorn, E, Conneller, C, Duffy, S, Julien, M-A, Ravon, A-L and Shaw, A 2015 Discoveries from La Manche: Five Years of Early Prehistoric Research in the Channel Island of Jersey. Archaeology International, No. 18: pp. 113–123, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ai.1813

Published: 16 November 2015

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