DOCSLIB.ORG

Space System Architecture Final Report of SSPARC: the Space Systems, Policy, and Architecture Research Consortium (Thrust II and III)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Space System Architecture Final Report of SSPARC: the Space Systems, Policy, and Architecture Research Consortium (Thrust II and III) Space System Architecture Final Report of SSPARC: the Space Systems, Policy, and Architecture Research Consortium (Thrust II and III) Final Report September 2004 Prof. Daniel Hastings, Principal Investigator Document prepared by Hugh L. McManus, PhD SSPARC Final Report SSPARC Final Report Space Systems, Policy, and Architecture Research Consortium (SSPARC) 10/12/04 SSPARC THRUST 2 and 3 FINAL REPORT Principal Investigator Prof. Daniel Hastings Document Prepared by Dr. Hugh McManus ---- The primary support for this work came through the contract “New Design Paradigms in Space Systems: A Center of Excellence in Space Systems Technology, Architecting and Policy,” NRO 000-00-C-0102, under COTR David Gilliam. The authors acknowledge supplemental financial support for this research made available by the Lean Aerospace Initiative (LAI) at MIT, sponsored jointly by the US Air Force and a consortium of aerospace companies. All facts, statements, opinions, and conclusions expressed herein are solely those of the author and do not in any way reflect those of the LAI, the US Air Force, the sponsoring companies and organizations (individually or as a group), or MIT. The latter are absolved from any remaining errors or shortcomings for which the author takes full responsibility. This document is copyrighted 2004 by MIT. Its use falls under the LAI consortium agreement. LAI member companies, and SSPARC and LAI sponsoring organizations, may use, reproduce, and distribute this document for internal, non-commercial purposes. This notice should accompany any copies made of the document, or any parts thereof. This document is formatted for double-sided printing and edge binding. Blank pages are inserted for this purpose. Color printing is preferred, but black-and-white printing should still result in a usable document. © 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 10/12/04 1 SSPARC Final Report DEDICATION AND NOTE ON SOURCES This document is dedicated to the memory of Joyce Warmkessel, a colleague, mentor, and friend to many in the SSPARC and LAI communities. Many of the core ideas behind this work were originally expressed and developed by her, and she was a key mentor and facilitator to the development of all of this work. The content of this report was developed by the SSPARC consortium. The primary compilers and codifiers of the MATE-CON method were Lt. Nathan Dillar and Adam Ross, in Master’s thesis entitled, respectively, “Utilizing Multiple Attribute Tradespace Exploration with Concurrent Design for Creating Aerospace Systems Requirement,” 1 and “Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration with Concurrent Design as a Value-Centric Framework for Space System Architecture and Design.”2 Major contributors of the original concepts within the method, and/or complimentary methods and tools, include our SSPARC faculty and staff colleagues Elisabeth Paté-Cornell of Stanford University, Joel Sercel and Fred Cullick of Cal Tech, and Amar Gupta of MIT, post-doctoral researcher Bill Kaliardos, and graduate students Jimmy Benjamin, Jason Derleth, Bobak Ferdowsi, Dave Ferris, Russ Garber, Andre Girerd, Seth Guikema, Cyrus Jilla, Chris Roberts, Satwik Seshasai, Nirav Shah, Todd Shuman, Tim Spaulding, Dave Stagney, Dan Thunnissen, Myles Walton, Annalisa Wiegel, and Brandon Wood, along with their advisors and committees. Many other students, staff, and undergraduate researchers also contributed. Bill Borer, Kevin Ray, and John Ballenthin of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Steve Wall of NASA JPL, and Pete Hendrickson of the Department of Defense aided with the development of the method and the development of the case studies. SSPARC research work has been supported by an active group of industry practitioners, through both an Industrial Advisory Board (IAB) and on-site implementation activities. The text of this report is built on SSPARC research and member documents. Much of its contents are excerpts, modifications, or paraphrases of published or unpublished work done under SSPARC sponsorship. Every effort has been made to correctly attribute all contributions. Word-for-word excerpts are identified with quotes or indented, with citations. Many other excerpts have been edited to varying degrees and are integrated into the text for clarity. Their sources are cited in the text or in endnotes. Any omissions or errors of attribution should be brought to the authors’ immediate attention for correction. © 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 10/12/04 2 SSPARC Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION AND NOTE ON SOURCES ..............................................................................2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................7 1.1. Organization..............................................................................................................7 1.2. Achievements............................................................................................................9 New design method...................................................................................................9 Design projects..........................................................................................................9 Education of Students................................................................................................9 Interaction with Customer and Industry .....................................................................9 Publications.............................................................................................................11 1.3. Final Report Overview ............................................................................................13 2. ARCHITECTURES............................................................................................................15 2.1. Definition of Architecture........................................................................................15 2.2. Different Views of an Architecture..........................................................................15 2.3. Communities that Use Space Systems .....................................................................16 Commercial.............................................................................................................16 Civil ........................................................................................................................16 Military ...................................................................................................................16 2.4. Space Architectures.................................................................................................17 2.5. Classes of Space Systems ........................................................................................17 Communication.......................................................................................................17 Positioning and Navigation......................................................................................18 Weather...................................................................................................................18 Remote Sensing.......................................................................................................18 Launch ....................................................................................................................18 3. NEED FOR A NEW FRONT-END METHOD...................................................................19 3.1. Current techniques: SMAD .....................................................................................19 3.2. Critical role of front-end work in program success...................................................20 3.3. Problems with classical architecting methods ..........................................................22 4. OVERVIEW OF MATE-CON PROCESS ..........................................................................25 4.1. Purpose ...................................................................................................................25 4.2. Background and Origins..........................................................................................26 4.3. MATE.....................................................................................................................26 4.4. MATE-CON ...........................................................................................................30 4.5. Notes on terminology, requirements, and limits.......................................................33 Process terminology24..............................................................................................33 On requirements24 ...................................................................................................33 Limits and Caveats24................................................................................................34 4.6. Running Example one: Terrestrial Observer Satellite X (X-TOS)24.........................35 4.7. Running Example two: general purpose orbit transfer and servicing vehicle (SpaceTug)..............................................................................................................39 4.8. Detailed Description Of Mate-Con Process..............................................................42 5. IDENTIFYING STAKEHOLDERS, NEEDS, MISSION CONCEPT, AND PROJECT SCOPE ...............................................................................................................................43 5.1. Identify
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supportability for Beyond Low Earth Orbit Missions
    Supportability for Beyond Low Earth Orbit Missions William Cirillo1 and Kandyce Goodliff2 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681 Gordon Aaseng3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035 Chel Stromgren4 Binera, Inc., Silver Springs, MD, 20910 and Andrew Maxwell5 Georgia Institute of Technology, Hampton, VA 23666 Exploration beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO) presents many unique challenges that will require changes from current Supportability approaches. Currently, the International Space Station (ISS) is supported and maintained through a series of preplanned resupply flights, on which spare parts, including some large, heavy Orbital Replacement Units (ORUs), are delivered to the ISS. The Space Shuttle system provided for a robust capability to return failed components to Earth for detailed examination and potential repair. Additionally, as components fail and spares are not already on-orbit, there is flexibility in the transportation system to deliver those required replacement parts to ISS on a near term basis. A similar concept of operation will not be feasible for beyond LEO exploration. The mass and volume constraints of the transportation system and long envisioned mission durations could make it difficult to manifest necessary spares. The supply of on-demand spare parts for missions beyond LEO will be very limited or even non-existent. In addition, the remote nature of the mission, the design of the spacecraft, and the limitations on crew capabilities will all make it more difficult to maintain the spacecraft. Alternate concepts of operation must be explored in which required spare parts, materials, and tools are made available to make repairs; the locations of the failures are accessible; and the information needed to conduct repairs is available to the crew.
    [Show full text]
  • The Continuum of Space Architecture: from Earth to Orbit
    42nd International Conference on Environmental Systems AIAA 2012-3575 15 - 19 July 2012, San Diego, California The Continuum of Space Architecture: From Earth to Orbit Marc M. Cohen1 Marc M. Cohen Architect P.C. – Astrotecture™, Palo Alto, CA, 94306 Space architects and engineers alike tend to see spacecraft and space habitat design as an entirely new departure, disconnected from the Earth. However, at least for Space Architecture, there is a continuum of development since the earliest formalizations of terrestrial architecture. Moving out from 1-G, Space Architecture enables the continuum from 1-G to other gravity regimes. The history of Architecture on Earth involves finding new ways to resist Gravity with non-orthogonal structures. Space Architecture represents a new milestone in this progression, in which gravity is reduced or altogether absent from the habitable environment. I. Introduction EOMETRY is Truth2. Gravity is the constant.3 Gravity G is the constant – perhaps the only constant – in the evolution of life on Earth and the human response to the Earth’s environment.4 The Continuum of Architecture arises from geometry in building as a primary human response to gravity. It leads to the development of fundamental components of construction on Earth: Column, Wall, Floor, and Roof. According to the theoretician Abbe Laugier, the column developed from trees; the column engendered the wall, as shown in FIGURE 1 his famous illustration of “The Primitive Hut.” The column aligns with the human bipedal posture, where the spine, pelvis, and legs are the gravity- resisting structure. Caryatids are the highly literal interpretation of this phenomenon of standing to resist gravity, shown in FIGURE 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Science in Nasa's Vision for Space Exploration
    SCIENCE IN NASA’S VISION FOR SPACE EXPLORATION SCIENCE IN NASA’S VISION FOR SPACE EXPLORATION Committee on the Scientific Context for Space Exploration Space Studies Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. Support for this project was provided by Contract NASW 01001 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. International Standard Book Number 0-309-09593-X (Book) International Standard Book Number 0-309-54880-2 (PDF) Copies of this report are available free of charge from Space Studies Board National Research Council The Keck Center of the National Academies 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2005 by the National Academy of Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Windows to the World - Doors to Space - a Reflection on the Psychology and Anthropology of Space Architecture
    Space: Science, Technology and the Arts (7th Workshop on Space and the Arts) 18-21 May 2004, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands Windows to the world - Doors to Space - a reflection on the psychology and anthropology of space architecture. Andreas Vogler, Architect(1), Jesper Jørgensen, Psychologist(2) (1)Architecture and Vision / SpaceArch Hohenstaufenstrasse 10, D-80801 MUNICH GERMANY [email protected], [email protected] (2) SpaceArch c/o Kristian von Bengtson Prinsessegade 7A, st.tv DK - 1422 Copenhagen K, Denmark [email protected] ABSTRACT Living in a confined environment as a space habitat is a strain on normal human life. Astronauts have to adapt to an environment characterized by restricted sensory stimulation and the lack of “key points” in normal human life: seasons, weather change, smell of nature, visual, audible and other normal sensory inputs which give us a fixation in time and place. Living in a confined environment with minimal external stimuli available, gives a strong pressure on group and individuals, leading to commonly experienced symptoms: tendency to depression, irritability and social tensions. It is known, that perception adapts to the environment. A person living in an environment with restricted sensory stimulation will adapt to this situation by giving more unconscious and conscious attention to the present sensory stimuli. Newest neurobiological research (neuroaestetics) shows that visual representations (like Art) have a remarkable impact in the brain, giving knowledge that these representations both function as usual information and as information on a higher symbolic level (Zeki). Therefore designing a space habitat must take into consideration the importance of design, not only in its functional role, but also as a combination of functionality, mental representation and its symbolic meaning, seen as a function of its anthropological meaning.
    [Show full text]
  • DVB TELE-Satellite Receiver Guide
    �������������������������������������� EUROPE 5.90€ UAE 25.00D BAHRAIN 2.50D KUWAIT 2.00D KSA 25.00R QATAR 25.00R OMAN 2.50R ��������� ����� �� �������������� TELE SATELLITE ����� ��� INTERNATIONAL ����������������� ������� Amazing Mini DVB-S receiver ������� ��������� ���� New Top Model Receiver with PVR ��������� ���������� ������������ LCD Monitor ������� That Can Receive it All! ����������������������� ���������������������� ����� ������� ������������������������� ��� Jason Lee, ARION’s CEO, ����������������� Shares His Company’s Story ������������������ ������������ ����������������������� ��������������������� Exclusively for TELE-satellite Readers SatcoDX “World of Satellites” SatcoDX’s “World of Satellites” Software contains the technical data from every satellite transmission worldwide ������� �������� SatcoDX Software Activation Code Version 3.10: 8AF68823FGD3B979C3ED5EG99AA482B8 ���������� Valid until the publication of the next issue of TELE-satellite magazine ���� Download SatcoDX Software here: www.TELE-satellite.com/cd/0702/eng Step by Step Guide to Get SatcoDX Soft- the Internet and is allowed to access FTP. ware Running on Your Computer: Note: SatcoDX Software also runs without 1. Download SatcoDX Software Version 3.10 Activation Code, or with an outdated Activi- from the above URL, or install from CD-ROM ation Code. However, the satellite data on TELE SATELLITE INTERNATIONAL Note: if you have already installed Version Main Address: 3.10, you do not need to do it again. Check TELE-satellite International your currently PO Box 1234 installed ver- 85766 Munich-Ufg GERMANY/EUROPA UNION sion by click- ing the HELP Editor-in-Chief: button, then Alexander Wiese ABOUT. The third line tells you the version [email protected] installed on your computer display will be either from last time you per- formed an update, or from the time when Published by: 2. Enter the Activation Code by clicking original software has been compiled.
    [Show full text]
  • Repair Station Capabilities List
    Approved by: Astronautics Corporation of America J. Simet, Repair Station Supervisor Approved by: TITLE: Astronautics Corp. of America Repair Station Capabilities List QAP 2003/2 REV. H J. Williams, Repair Station Accountable Manager CODE IDENT NO 10138 Page 1 of 35 Astronautics’ Capabilities List QAP 2003/2 Revision H QAP 2003/2 Astronautics Corporation of America REV SYM DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE DATE APPROVED A Initial Release. 3/25/2003 PFM B Updated to reflect FAA comments regarding when revisions will 1/16/2004 JT, DY, JGW be submitted. C Updated to change the preliminary XQAR449-P-L Repair 6/25/2004 JT, EF, JGW Station Number to XQAR449L. Added the 197800-1 & -3 DU, the 198200-1 & -3 EU, the 198000-( ) EFI and its 198040-( ) Control Panel, and the 260500-( ) EFI. App Added the PMA’d 197800-1 and -3 Display Unit, the 198200-1 6/25/2004 JGW A and -3 Electronics Unit, and the TSOA’d 198000-( ) EFI and its 198040-( ) Control Panel, and the 260500-( ) EFI. The self- evaluation for these items was performed under paragraph 5.5 (d) of this document. These FAA approvals were the basis for the additions. D Updated to separate Appendix A from the text (removed the date 11/30/2004 JT, EF, JGW on the cover sheet for the Appendix). The FAA will be sent a copy of the Appendix within ten days of the date on the Appendix whenever items are added or removed. The appendix will be controlled by date. A copy of the QAP cover sheet and text are controlled by revision letter, and a copy of that will be submitted to the FAA within ten days of the date that the new revision letter version of the text is released.
    [Show full text]
  • Sg423finalreport.Pdf
    Notice: The cosmic study or position paper that is the subject of this report was approved by the Board of Trustees of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring or funding organizations. For more information about the International Academy of Astronautics, visit the IAA home page at www.iaaweb.org. Copyright 2019 by the International Academy of Astronautics. All rights reserved. The International Academy of Astronautics (IAA), an independent nongovernmental organization recognized by the United Nations, was founded in 1960. The purposes of the IAA are to foster the development of astronautics for peaceful purposes, to recognize individuals who have distinguished themselves in areas related to astronautics, and to provide a program through which the membership can contribute to international endeavours and cooperation in the advancement of aerospace activities. © International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) May 2019. This publication is protected by copyright. The information it contains cannot be reproduced without written authorization. Title: A Handbook for Post-Mission Disposal of Satellites Less Than 100 kg Editors: Darren McKnight and Rei Kawashima International Academy of Astronautics 6 rue Galilée, Po Box 1268-16, 75766 Paris Cedex 16, France www.iaaweb.org ISBN/EAN IAA : 978-2-917761-68-7 Cover Illustration: credit A Handbook for Post-Mission Disposal of Satellites
    [Show full text]
  • AAS Explorer
    lookingback: Life in space | 20 AMERICAN ASTRONAUTICAL SOCIETY EXPLORER Newsletter of the AAS History Committee Editor: Tim Chamberlin | [email protected] What you’ll find FROM THE CHAIRMAN’S DESK INSIDE What to say about Sputnik? elcome to this third in our May 2007 | Issue 3 series of occasional newsletters! Just when it seems that we Report from old W don’t have a critical mass of material to NASA site No. 19 . 2 justify an entire newsletter, ideas well Google on the Moon. 3 up from a variety of sources and we Pesky Moon dust, end up with a surplus of excellent Apollo 1 topics of radio material. This issue was no exception. programs . 4 One challenge I’ve struggled with Space history symposia is what I might say about the anniver- help create important sary of Sputnik … or rather, what to say database . 5 that hasn’t already been said. In noting Michael L. Ciancone Call for papers . 6 the NASM/NASA symposium CHAIR, AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE News briefs. 7 “Remembering the Space Age” sched- to benefit from the acuity of hindsight, Book review: uled for October 21-22, I recalled a simi- as well as the fact that the political, New release offers lar event 10 years ago. Sure enough, social and technical reverberations of glimpse of Italian there on my bookshelf was the launch were not immediately scientist’s life. 8 Reconsidering Sputnik – Forty Years discernible — or even anticipated. In Upcoming meetings Since the Soviet Satellite (2000), edited the years since, the view of the event and events .
    [Show full text]
  • Content Safety Precaution
    Content Safety Precaution ....................................................................3 1. Reference .................................................................................................4 1.1 General Features ............................................................................4 1.2 Accessories.....................................................................................5 2. Product Overview ....................................................................................6 2.1 Front Panel.....................................................................................6 2.2 Rear Panel ......................................................................................7 2.3 Remote Control Unit (RCU) ..........................................................8 3. Connection with Other Device...............................................................10 3.1 Connecting to TV.........................................................................10 3.2 Connecting the Antenna...............................................................11 4. Installation..............................................................................................13 4.1 Powering On ................................................................................13 4.2 Antenna Settings ..........................................................................13 4.3 Factory Default ............................................................................19 4.4 USALS Setup...............................................................................20
    [Show full text]
  • The Outer Space Also Needs Architects
    Paper ID #31322 The Outer Space Also Needs Architects Dr. Sudarshan Krishnan, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign Sudarshan Krishnan specializes in the area of lightweight structures. His current research focuses on the structural design and stability behavior of cable-strut systems and transformable structures. He teaches courses on the planning, analysis and design of structural systems. As an architect and structural designer, he has worked on a range of projects that included houses, hospitals, recreation centers, institutional buildings, and conservation of historic buildings/monuments. Professor Sudarshan is an active member of Working Group-6: Tensile and Membrane Structures, and Working Group-15: Structural Morphology, of the International Association of Shell and Spatial Struc- tures (IASS). He serves on the Aerospace Division’s Space Engineering and Construction Technical Com- mittee of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and the ASCE/ACI-421 Reinforced Concrete Slabs Committee. He is the past Program Chair of the Architectural Engineering Division of the Ameri- can Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). He is also a member of the Structural Stability Research Council (SSRC). From 2004-2007, Professor Sudarshan served on the faculty of the School of Architecture and ENSAV- Versailles Study Abroad Program (2004-06) in France. He was a recipient of the School of Architec- ture’s ”Excellence in Teaching Award,” the College of Fine and Applied Arts’ ”Faculty Award for Ex- cellence in Teaching,” and has been
    [Show full text]
  • Emerging Competition Dynamics in Regional Pay-Tv Markets
    Emerging competition dynamics in regional pay-tv markets Tatenda Zengeni and Genna Robb he recent public outcry in Zimbabwe, Zambia and Ni- rights to broadcast Germany’s Bundesliga football games geria over a decision by Multichoice to increase its across the continent starting in August this year.9 T subscription fees points again to the competition is- sues that characterise the pay-tv market in the continent. Due Similarly, US internet-based content provider Netflix has an- to high prices, subscribers in Zimbabwe have resorted to nounced its entry into South Africa and is expected to start 10 buying decoders and paying their subscription in South Afri- broadcasting in 2016. The entry of Netflix is likely to chal- ca, which is relatively cheaper.1 In Zambia, Multichoice lenge Multichoice which currently holds exclusive rights to (DSTV) subscribers launched a campaign on social media broadcast some top American TV shows which are also calling on subscribers to boycott the new prices.2 The federal screened by Netflix. Although Netflix is entering the market High Court in Lagos Nigeria ordered Multichoice not to effect using an internet-based model, its proven ability to provide the increase in its subscription fees in April 2015 following some of the top content means that consumers are present- two cases submitted against it by subscribers.3 Multichoice is ed with an alternative which is potentially more tailored to the by far the largest provider of pay-tv in the continent. specific needs of customers who prefer to only watch certain programmes and not a bouquet of channels.
    [Show full text]
  • Second Milestone Report
    RESEARCH PROJECT IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE INDEPENDENT BLACK FILM-MAKERS’ COLLECTIVE AND THE INDEPENDENT PRODUCERS ORGANISATION FUNDED BY THE NATIONAL FILM AND VIDEO FOUNDATION: MILESTONE TWO REPORT: INDEPENDENT PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS The Brief : This report contains an in-depth examination of what the independent production requirements are for television: focusing on public and commercial (free to air and subscription) only. The report considers the statutory requirements and the regulatory requirements It considers the enforcement by ICASA of compliance with independent production requirements for television across: free to air broadcasters (public and commercial) as well for satellite subscription broadcasters. And it considers the terms of trade of the broadcasters. Period Reviewed: In 2008, SASFED (the South African Screen Federation) and the Independent Producers’ Organisation (the IPO) together with the SABC, commissioned a report into many of the problems facing independent producers. Unfortunately, the report’s recommendations were never taken up by the incoming new management at the SABC and so the problems identified therein remain unaddressed. Also, since a 12 year period has elapsed since the production of the report, it was felt to be important to bring the learnings and the recommendations up to date. In these milestone reports however, the focus is on the present, that is, for this report the focus is on the local content requirements as they currently are, both in respect of applicable statutes, regulations and licence conditions. Methodology: Research was conducted by way of desk top research and interviews. A number of recommendations regarding amendments that are required to be made to the Electronic Communications Act, 2005 (the ECA), the relevant local content regulations prescribed in terms of the ECA, and in relation to ICASA’s monitoring and enforcement practices are made.
    [Show full text]